Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.24052/bmr/v13nu01/art-09
Narain K K, B. R, Gopy-Ramdhany N, Seetanah B
Despite tremendous financial development, it has been increasingly acknowledged that financial systems are far from inclusive. With greater dynamism in the financial sector now, a critical evaluation around financial inclusion surfaces. The principal intention of this paper is to assess the impact of Financial Inclusion on Economic Growth in the Middle-Income countries. The evaluation concentrates on a comparative analysis between the Lower-Middle Income Countries and Upper Middle-Income Countries. The system Generalised Methods of Moments (GMM) model was adopted for a sample of 15 Lower-Middle Income Countries (LMICs) and 15 Upper Middle-Income Countries (UMICs) over the time period 2008 to 2019. Financial Inclusion was assessed by 3 dimensions, namely account ownership, demographic outreach and outstanding loans. The results showed that in the UMICs, all dimensions of financial inclusion had a positive relationship with economic growth. On the other hand, while the first two dimensions establish a positive link with economic growth in the LMICs, outstanding loans had a negative and significant effect. As for Financial Stability, the bank Z-score left a positive and significant footprint on economic growth in the MICs, with the significance being more prominent in the UMICs. Non-performing loans as an indicator for financial instability had a strong and adverse impact on growth in the MICs. Also, the paper further extends the analysis to the effect of financial inclusion on financial stability owing to the existence of a potential trade-off. While, account ownership and demographic outreach improved financial stability, outstanding loans, nevertheless, exhibit a negative and significant impact on financial stability in the MICs.
{"title":"Assessing the impact of financial inclusion on economic growth: A comparative analysis between lower middle-income countries and upper middle-income countries","authors":"Narain K K, B. R, Gopy-Ramdhany N, Seetanah B","doi":"10.24052/bmr/v13nu01/art-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v13nu01/art-09","url":null,"abstract":"Despite tremendous financial development, it has been increasingly acknowledged that financial systems are far from inclusive. With greater dynamism in the financial sector now, a critical evaluation around financial inclusion surfaces. The principal intention of this paper is to assess the impact of Financial Inclusion on Economic Growth in the Middle-Income countries. The evaluation concentrates on a comparative analysis between the Lower-Middle Income Countries and Upper Middle-Income Countries. The system Generalised Methods of Moments (GMM) model was adopted for a sample of 15 Lower-Middle Income Countries (LMICs) and 15 Upper Middle-Income Countries (UMICs) over the time period 2008 to 2019. Financial Inclusion was assessed by 3 dimensions, namely account ownership, demographic outreach and outstanding loans. The results showed that in the UMICs, all dimensions of financial inclusion had a positive relationship with economic growth. On the other hand, while the first two dimensions establish a positive link with economic growth in the LMICs, outstanding loans had a negative and significant effect. As for Financial Stability, the bank Z-score left a positive and significant footprint on economic growth in the MICs, with the significance being more prominent in the UMICs. Non-performing loans as an indicator for financial instability had a strong and adverse impact on growth in the MICs. Also, the paper further extends the analysis to the effect of financial inclusion on financial stability owing to the existence of a potential trade-off. While, account ownership and demographic outreach improved financial stability, outstanding loans, nevertheless, exhibit a negative and significant impact on financial stability in the MICs.","PeriodicalId":323589,"journal":{"name":"The Business and Management Review","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126086954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.24052/bmr/v13nu01/art-11
A. Parkinson, L. Chew
In the 1980s, a recognition of the growing significance of environmental sustainability saw a momentum of pressure to go beyond financial reporting to include non-financial reports, with a focus on corporate governance and sustainability matters (Larrinaga and Bebbington, 2021). That momentum stemmed from general references to sustainable development by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (1980), through to defined references in the Brundtland Report (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987), initiatives from the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC 2005). Further work by the GRI - Global Reporting Initiative (1999, 2016), and successive COP summits led to the establishment of the International Sustainability Standards Board (November 2021) by the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Foundation, linked to the International Accounting Standards Board. Currently, on a voluntary basis, many companies disclose sustainability initiatives and results, often based on the framework and methodology issued by the GRI. In some localities, aspects are now compulsory (e.g., France, Sweden, Brazil, South Africa, UK). The reporting scope itself has evolved from, initially, the three pillars of people, planet, profit, wider scopes. The three evolved into four: human, social, economic and environmental, and then into five: people, planet, prosperity, peace and partnerships. The challenge to organisations is to identify what needs to be measured and how, and to be reported upon. This working paper explores how an organisation’s internal management accounting function can provide a template for that, and to good effect. As a base it draws upon the UNDSD (United Nations Division for Sustainable Development, 2001) recommendations that environmental management accounting should focus on identification, collection, analysis and use of two types of information for internal decision making: physical information on the use, flows and destinies of energy, water and materials (including wastes), and monetary information on environment-related costs, earnings and savings. It builds on that base by identifying an examining what organisations are currently reporting upon, and evaluating the strengths an weakness of such reports.
{"title":"Towards an Environmental Sustainability Management Accounting Template","authors":"A. Parkinson, L. Chew","doi":"10.24052/bmr/v13nu01/art-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v13nu01/art-11","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1980s, a recognition of the growing significance of environmental sustainability saw a momentum of pressure to go beyond financial reporting to include non-financial reports, with a focus on corporate governance and sustainability matters (Larrinaga and Bebbington, 2021). That momentum stemmed from general references to sustainable development by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (1980), through to defined references in the Brundtland Report (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987), initiatives from the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC 2005). Further work by the GRI - Global Reporting Initiative (1999, 2016), and successive COP summits led to the establishment of the International Sustainability Standards Board (November 2021) by the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Foundation, linked to the International Accounting Standards Board. Currently, on a voluntary basis, many companies disclose sustainability initiatives and results, often based on the framework and methodology issued by the GRI. In some localities, aspects are now compulsory (e.g., France, Sweden, Brazil, South Africa, UK). The reporting scope itself has evolved from, initially, the three pillars of people, planet, profit, wider scopes. The three evolved into four: human, social, economic and environmental, and then into five: people, planet, prosperity, peace and partnerships. The challenge to organisations is to identify what needs to be measured and how, and to be reported upon. This working paper explores how an organisation’s internal management accounting function can provide a template for that, and to good effect. As a base it draws upon the UNDSD (United Nations Division for Sustainable Development, 2001) recommendations that environmental management accounting should focus on identification, collection, analysis and use of two types of information for internal decision making: physical information on the use, flows and destinies of energy, water and materials (including wastes), and monetary information on environment-related costs, earnings and savings. It builds on that base by identifying an examining what organisations are currently reporting upon, and evaluating the strengths an weakness of such reports.","PeriodicalId":323589,"journal":{"name":"The Business and Management Review","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133093667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.24052/bmr/v13nu01/art-02
Eyitayo Francis Adanlawo, M. Vezi-Magigaba
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are very significant to the economic growth of many societies and countries at large. Contrastingly, SMEs have been contributing little to Nigeria Gross Domestic Products (GDP). This study aimed at exploring the effects of tax policies on the performance of SMEs. The Unicist Theory of business growth was used to underpin the study, the theory analysed the implications that multiple tax could have on the growth of SMEs in Nigeria. Survey method with close ended structured questionnaire was administered to 110 SMEs owners in three local government areas in Lagos State. Collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics while formulated hypothesis was tested with Chi square method. Findings revealed that various Governmental policies on taxes significantly affect the performance of SMEs in Lagos State. The paper implicates a possible diversity for tax policies that will favour SMEs operator to make meaningful contributions to the economy. The study therefore recommends among other things that Government should design and implement the most effective ways of administering various tax policies that can enhance the growth of SMEs, while tax collection should be well defined to avoid multiple taxations by the three tiers of government. The study also recommends that taxes should be levied according to the growth of the business; sales, size and profit; with consideration to enterprises’ ability to pay taxes regularly.
{"title":"Exploring the impact of tax policies on small and medium scale enterprises’ (SMEs) performance in Nigerian Economy","authors":"Eyitayo Francis Adanlawo, M. Vezi-Magigaba","doi":"10.24052/bmr/v13nu01/art-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v13nu01/art-02","url":null,"abstract":"Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are very significant to the economic growth of many societies and countries at large. Contrastingly, SMEs have been contributing little to Nigeria Gross Domestic Products (GDP). This study aimed at exploring the effects of tax policies on the performance of SMEs. The Unicist Theory of business growth was used to underpin the study, the theory analysed the implications that multiple tax could have on the growth of SMEs in Nigeria. Survey method with close ended structured questionnaire was administered to 110 SMEs owners in three local government areas in Lagos State. Collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics while formulated hypothesis was tested with Chi square method. Findings revealed that various Governmental policies on taxes significantly affect the performance of SMEs in Lagos State. The paper implicates a possible diversity for tax policies that will favour SMEs operator to make meaningful contributions to the economy. The study therefore recommends among other things that Government should design and implement the most effective ways of administering various tax policies that can enhance the growth of SMEs, while tax collection should be well defined to avoid multiple taxations by the three tiers of government. The study also recommends that taxes should be levied according to the growth of the business; sales, size and profit; with consideration to enterprises’ ability to pay taxes regularly.","PeriodicalId":323589,"journal":{"name":"The Business and Management Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133813961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.24052/bmr/v13nu01/art-04
S. J. Kowalewski, Humberto Hernandez Ariza
2019-2020 enrollment data for universities and colleges reports that the number of students enrolled exclusively in online programs increased from 3.5 million to 5.8 million, an increase from 17.6 percent to 22.7 percent. This is higher than previously reported. The number of programs and courses that institutions of higher education offer online are continuing to increase in response to meeting the needs of a diverse population of students. Yet, a group that is significantly impacted in meeting specific needs with online learning are students diagnosed with one or more disabilities. According to the United States (U.S.) National Council on Disability, in 2015 approximately 11 percent of undergraduate students have a disability, equating to approximately 11 million individuals. In supporting students with disabilities, a larger population are positively impacted. Providing typed transcripts or closed caption for videos and lectures is imperative for an individual with a hearing disability, but it also improves learning for students where English is a second language. Few institutions would argue the importance of providing needed access and support to students, yet there may be a disconnect with faculty having the understanding and training to support online learning utilizing Assistive Technology (AT). Possessing the skillset to implement AT in online courses lags significantly. This paper evaluates current trends related to college students with disabilities and the impact of providing AT to improve online academic success, the role faculty play in developing and teaching courses that implement AT, as well as the responsibility of college and university administration in supporting the implementation of these strategies. Examples of implementation of AT in business courses is presented and discussed.
{"title":"How assistive technology impacts college students and faculty","authors":"S. J. Kowalewski, Humberto Hernandez Ariza","doi":"10.24052/bmr/v13nu01/art-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v13nu01/art-04","url":null,"abstract":"2019-2020 enrollment data for universities and colleges reports that the number of students enrolled exclusively in online programs increased from 3.5 million to 5.8 million, an increase from 17.6 percent to 22.7 percent. This is higher than previously reported. The number of programs and courses that institutions of higher education offer online are continuing to increase in response to meeting the needs of a diverse population of students. Yet, a group that is significantly impacted in meeting specific needs with online learning are students diagnosed with one or more disabilities. According to the United States (U.S.) National Council on Disability, in 2015 approximately 11 percent of undergraduate students have a disability, equating to approximately 11 million individuals. In supporting students with disabilities, a larger population are positively impacted. Providing typed transcripts or closed caption for videos and lectures is imperative for an individual with a hearing disability, but it also improves learning for students where English is a second language. Few institutions would argue the importance of providing needed access and support to students, yet there may be a disconnect with faculty having the understanding and training to support online learning utilizing Assistive Technology (AT). Possessing the skillset to implement AT in online courses lags significantly. This paper evaluates current trends related to college students with disabilities and the impact of providing AT to improve online academic success, the role faculty play in developing and teaching courses that implement AT, as well as the responsibility of college and university administration in supporting the implementation of these strategies. Examples of implementation of AT in business courses is presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":323589,"journal":{"name":"The Business and Management Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130600379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.24052/bmr/v13nu01/art-01
Y. Machnes, Yochanan Shachmurove
This study analyses the impact of COVID-19 pandemics on the insurance industry. While COVID-19 increased morbidity and mortality other factors resulting from the pandemic benefit the industry. Overall, the response of the insurance industry to COVID-19 reflects other sectors in the market like transportation and trade. However, a structural downturn in the insurance industry like the one observed in 2016 was not found during the year 2020. We found that the insurance industry did not absorb extra losses during the year 2020 and did not suffer from the pandemics more than the economy as a whole. This article explores the past two decades and compares the structural break of the insurance industry in 2016 with that of 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, during the year 2020, the returns to investors in the insurance industry were very similar to returns in the general market as measured by S&P500.
{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 on the insurance industry","authors":"Y. Machnes, Yochanan Shachmurove","doi":"10.24052/bmr/v13nu01/art-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v13nu01/art-01","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses the impact of COVID-19 pandemics on the insurance industry. While COVID-19 increased morbidity and mortality other factors resulting from the pandemic benefit the industry. Overall, the response of the insurance industry to COVID-19 reflects other sectors in the market like transportation and trade. However, a structural downturn in the insurance industry like the one observed in 2016 was not found during the year 2020. We found that the insurance industry did not absorb extra losses during the year 2020 and did not suffer from the pandemics more than the economy as a whole. This article explores the past two decades and compares the structural break of the insurance industry in 2016 with that of 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, during the year 2020, the returns to investors in the insurance industry were very similar to returns in the general market as measured by S&P500.","PeriodicalId":323589,"journal":{"name":"The Business and Management Review","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116038056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.24052/bmr/v13nu01/art-15
A. Trad
The continuous global financial, geopolitical, structural, and societal crisis needs a holistic societal or geopolitical transformation framework. This framework can be important to predict global incoming wave of organized misdeeds. A holistic protective Financial & Technical (FinTech) activity is based on control, governance, and audit prerequisites; such prerequisites are crucially needed to predict global financial predators before they execute their fatal misdeeds. These protective controlling processes depend on measurable framework variables, like Critical Success Factors (CSF), which evaluate the possibilities of possible predator’s financial misdeeds and tries to define sources of such organizations and even countries. The framework can be also used for the dependence of the evaluation of societal or organizational transformational processes, which can block global financial crimes, or a SOGFP_TB. This article discusses in depth the concept of a framework that can be applied to support SOGFP_TB, which can be a structural manner to detect global destructive financial crimes, by applying the Global Financial Crimes Analysis (GFCA), and for that goal a strategic vision is needed for the integration of FinTech risks and controls mitigation mechanisms. The GFCA is fundamental for the organization’s long-term societal and business longevity; and also, for combatting SOGFP. Besides all the previously presented facts, this article highlights SOGFP_TB’s importance for the organization, to optimally integrate the global economy in a coordinated, controlled, and above all in an ethical manner. Knowing that SOGFP_TB’s appliance, is complex, risky and difficult; but the SOGFP_TB is needed to combat the irregularities, like the Swiss Fatal Financial Traps (SFFT) ones, which are well organized and sealed.
{"title":"The Societal Transformation Framework-State Organized Global Financial Predators’ Tracking and Blocking (SOGFP_TB)","authors":"A. Trad","doi":"10.24052/bmr/v13nu01/art-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v13nu01/art-15","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous global financial, geopolitical, structural, and societal crisis needs a holistic societal or geopolitical transformation framework. This framework can be important to predict global incoming wave of organized misdeeds. A holistic protective Financial & Technical (FinTech) activity is based on control, governance, and audit prerequisites; such prerequisites are crucially needed to predict global financial predators before they execute their fatal misdeeds. These protective controlling processes depend on measurable framework variables, like Critical Success Factors (CSF), which evaluate the possibilities of possible predator’s financial misdeeds and tries to define sources of such organizations and even countries. The framework can be also used for the dependence of the evaluation of societal or organizational transformational processes, which can block global financial crimes, or a SOGFP_TB. This article discusses in depth the concept of a framework that can be applied to support SOGFP_TB, which can be a structural manner to detect global destructive financial crimes, by applying the Global Financial Crimes Analysis (GFCA), and for that goal a strategic vision is needed for the integration of FinTech risks and controls mitigation mechanisms. The GFCA is fundamental for the organization’s long-term societal and business longevity; and also, for combatting SOGFP. Besides all the previously presented facts, this article highlights SOGFP_TB’s importance for the organization, to optimally integrate the global economy in a coordinated, controlled, and above all in an ethical manner. Knowing that SOGFP_TB’s appliance, is complex, risky and difficult; but the SOGFP_TB is needed to combat the irregularities, like the Swiss Fatal Financial Traps (SFFT) ones, which are well organized and sealed.","PeriodicalId":323589,"journal":{"name":"The Business and Management Review","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127050019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.24052/bmr/v12nu02/art-04
Nasser Mohammed Lasloom, E. Grigorieva
Risk management which occurs everywhere in the realm of finance allows organizations attempt to prepare for the unexpected by minimizing risks and extra costs before they happen. This is done by implementing a risk management plan and considering the various potential risks or events before they occur. Descriptive statistics using a frequency distribution and percentage distribution were used to analyse the data gotten from five multinational companies in Saudi Arabia. Chi-square (X2) test was also used as the statistical tool to test for the hypothesis. The study shows that risk identification, risk evaluation and analysis, risk policy implementation and risk prevention are more efficient and influential factors to consider in contributing to the financial risk management practices of many multinational organizations. In pursuit of corporate sustainability, multinational companies are thus advised to put more attention on these factors in implementing risk management plans.
{"title":"Risk management and strategic improvement of corporate sustainability for multinational companies","authors":"Nasser Mohammed Lasloom, E. Grigorieva","doi":"10.24052/bmr/v12nu02/art-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v12nu02/art-04","url":null,"abstract":"Risk management which occurs everywhere in the realm of finance allows organizations attempt to prepare for the unexpected by minimizing risks and extra costs before they happen. This is done by implementing a risk management plan and considering the various potential risks or events before they occur. Descriptive statistics using a frequency distribution and percentage distribution were used to analyse the data gotten from five multinational companies in Saudi Arabia. Chi-square (X2) test was also used as the statistical tool to test for the hypothesis. The study shows that risk identification, risk evaluation and analysis, risk policy implementation and risk prevention are more efficient and influential factors to consider in contributing to the financial risk management practices of many multinational organizations. In pursuit of corporate sustainability, multinational companies are thus advised to put more attention on these factors in implementing risk management plans.","PeriodicalId":323589,"journal":{"name":"The Business and Management Review","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123101112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.24052/bmr/v12nu02/art-08
A. Trad
The last three decades’ global financial, societal and geopolitical crisis can be analysed by using an adapted holistic societal transformation framework. Sucha framework is able to deliver recurrent patterns of organized global financial misdeed models and their related crime schemes. The use of, an ethical approach, governance framework, enterprise architecture models and control services-based processes, are crucial to support such a complex crimes detection-based framework. The proposed framework uses measurable Critical Success Factors (CSF) and Critical Success Areas (CSA) which characterize the evaluation of risk factors related to Global Financial Predators Activities (GFPA), mainly misdeeds. This article presents the concept of a framework, that can be used for proactive detection and tracking of financial problems and misdeeds, which are organized and done by GFPAs. Such GFPAs are in general ranked as the most ethical organizations, because of such ranking organisations are chosen by major financial circles. In this article the author presents an artificial intelligence based decision-making concept that is the framework’s kernel. This generic decision making concept uses a mathematical model, which manages various types of algorithms. A Transformation Project (or simply a Project), depends on, the capacities of the decision-making system, the profile of the Organizational/Societal Transformation Manager (or simply the Manager) and his team who should be supported by a holistic cross-functional framework. Project’s complexity as well as the usage of underlying Decision-Making System (DMS) and enterprise architecture can be evaluated by a tuneable CSF based mathematical model. This framework’s and related research works’ originalities are that it can be used in any stage of the transformation project for the detecttion of any type of GFPA misdeed(s). The main limitation is the ongoing ethical and regulatory bodies that are governed by corrupt organizations and political bodies.
{"title":"Enterprise transformation projects in the financial industry and ethics (TPFI&E)","authors":"A. Trad","doi":"10.24052/bmr/v12nu02/art-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v12nu02/art-08","url":null,"abstract":"The last three decades’ global financial, societal and geopolitical crisis can be analysed by using an adapted holistic societal transformation framework. Sucha framework is able to deliver recurrent patterns of organized global financial misdeed models and their related crime schemes. The use of, an ethical approach, governance framework, enterprise architecture models and control services-based processes, are crucial to support such a complex crimes detection-based framework. The proposed framework uses measurable Critical Success Factors (CSF) and Critical Success Areas (CSA) which characterize the evaluation of risk factors related to Global Financial Predators Activities (GFPA), mainly misdeeds. This article presents the concept of a framework, that can be used for proactive detection and tracking of financial problems and misdeeds, which are organized and done by GFPAs. Such GFPAs are in general ranked as the most ethical organizations, because of such ranking organisations are chosen by major financial circles. In this article the author presents an artificial intelligence based decision-making concept that is the framework’s kernel. This generic decision making concept uses a mathematical model, which manages various types of algorithms. A Transformation Project (or simply a Project), depends on, the capacities of the decision-making system, the profile of the Organizational/Societal Transformation Manager (or simply the Manager) and his team who should be supported by a holistic cross-functional framework. Project’s complexity as well as the usage of underlying Decision-Making System (DMS) and enterprise architecture can be evaluated by a tuneable CSF based mathematical model. This framework’s and related research works’ originalities are that it can be used in any stage of the transformation project for the detecttion of any type of GFPA misdeed(s). The main limitation is the ongoing ethical and regulatory bodies that are governed by corrupt organizations and political bodies.","PeriodicalId":323589,"journal":{"name":"The Business and Management Review","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116336446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.24052/bmr/v12nu02/art-17
Lesiba Langa, S. Bronkhorst
Purpose of the research: The purpose of the study is to determine how a state-owned enterprise in South Africa deploys equal pay for work of equal value. The research setting and environment where the investigation takes place are located in a state-owned enterprise (SOE) called ZYD. Research methodology: An inductive research approach is used with qualitative research for primary data and for secondary numeric data. The research includes a population sample of eight participants who are involved in the primary research data collection. In addition, a company finance report is analysed for the secondary data collection. Equally, some qualitative primary research data are analysed quantitatively in order to make sense of the data (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2012:165). Results/findings:The study confirms that implementing equal pay has a financial implication attached to it, insignificant as it is. Uncoordinated confirmations for promoting equal pay exist. Lack of a comprehensive approach to equal pay encompasses the majority concerns. The study shows how important it is for the organisation to have all essential pillars in place and in sync with one another, which lagged in this case. With the essential pillars in place and in sync, a robust pay equity system/model, which is supported by policy, will be leveraged and initiated as a business imperative, promoting open communication and empowerment about equal pay (Bradshaw, et al., 2017:3). Vignettes have been constructed and highlighted in order to bring alive the participants’ voices within the researcher’s interpretations of meaning. Practical implications and Conclusions: South African researchers and researchers across the globe have shown little interest to explore the racial pay discrimination situation; they have constantly researched gender-based pay inequity instead. This should be reason enough to have future research studies focusing on pay equity irrespective of race, gender or disability.
研究目的:研究的目的是确定南非一家国有企业如何实施同工同酬。调查的研究设置和环境位于一家名为ZYD的国有企业(SOE)。研究方法:对主要数据和次要数字数据进行定性研究，采用归纳研究方法。该研究包括参与主要研究数据收集的8名参与者的人口样本。此外，分析了公司财务报告的二次数据收集。同样，为了理解数据，对一些定性的主要研究数据进行了定量分析(Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2012:165)。结果/发现:该研究证实，实施同工同酬会带来经济影响，尽管它微不足道。在促进同工同酬方面存在不协调的确认。缺乏全面的同工同酬办法是大多数人关心的问题。这项研究表明，对于一个组织来说，让所有重要支柱就位并彼此同步是多么重要，而在这种情况下，这一点滞后了。随着基本支柱的到位和同步，一个由政策支持的健全的薪酬公平体系/模式将被利用并作为一项商业当务之急，促进关于同工同酬的公开沟通和授权(Bradshaw等人，2017:3)。为了使参与者的声音在研究者对意义的解释中活跃起来，小插曲已经被构建和突出。实际影响和结论:南非研究人员和全球研究人员对探讨种族薪酬歧视情况兴趣不大;相反，他们一直在研究基于性别的薪酬不平等。这应该是一个足够的理由，让未来的研究集中在不分种族、性别或残疾的薪酬平等上。
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Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.24052/bmr/v12nu02/art-11
A. Trad, D. Kalpić
This article proposes a holistic mathematical model for the selection, supporting and evaluation of a transformation architect’s or manager’s profile. The model uses critical success factors, natural programming language environment and an adapted decision-making system to define the optimal BTPAP. The authors propose the use the BTPAP in various types of transformation projects, like for example, in the case of transformation of enterprise’s human resources activities, financial systems transformation, logistics transformation projects, or even in audit operations. The BTPAP is a specific profile which is mainly based on the manager’s original capabilities and affinities, which are in turn supported by the optimal educational curriculum, by worthful experiences in transformation projects and above all, such profile should be supported by a tuneable transformation framework. A transformation framework is a set of existing frameworks that are integrated to support all types of transformation activities, like the selection of the optimal BTPAP. This framework’s originality is that it can be used in any stage of the transformation project for any type of problem and to audit the BTPAP’s effectiveness. The main limitation is the enterprise’s capacity to restructure and unbundle its legacy environments.
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