Pub Date : 2022-12-10DOI: 10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-09
Vidhu Gaur
Despite making up over 50% of the nation's total population (48%) and contributing only 34% to economic growth, women's participation in that process is limited. To develop a meaningful career for themselves, women are now taking on entrepreneurial roles. Although small in size, the small enterprises have had a significant impact on the Indian economy by helping to decentralise resources from the male to the female side, making them better suited to employing women. The present study aims “to identify the socio-economic factors that limit women's entry into entrepreneurship and those that adversely affect their performance”. Additionally, it highlights the fact that institutions have created specialised programmes for women entrepreneurs and how, particularly in recent years, these programmes have improved the socioeconomic circumstances of women entrepreneurs.
{"title":"An empirical study on women entrepreneurship in small scale industries","authors":"Vidhu Gaur","doi":"10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-09","url":null,"abstract":"Despite making up over 50% of the nation's total population (48%) and contributing only 34% to economic growth, women's participation in that process is limited. To develop a meaningful career for themselves, women are now taking on entrepreneurial roles. Although small in size, the small enterprises have had a significant impact on the Indian economy by helping to decentralise resources from the male to the female side, making them better suited to employing women. The present study aims “to identify the socio-economic factors that limit women's entry into entrepreneurship and those that adversely affect their performance”. Additionally, it highlights the fact that institutions have created specialised programmes for women entrepreneurs and how, particularly in recent years, these programmes have improved the socioeconomic circumstances of women entrepreneurs.","PeriodicalId":323589,"journal":{"name":"The Business and Management Review","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127919483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-10DOI: 10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-05
N. Jain
Marketers often rely on conventional marketing techniques to appeal to the purchase decisions of consumers. However, research has confirmed that human decisions are based on an unconscious process resulting in the creation of a gap between the perception of the marketeers and consumer expectations. Neuromarketing can be a useful technique to study the optimization of marketing communication. The objective of the present paper is to study the application of neuromarketing in advertising. In the first phase, two successful advertising campaign case studies and two failed advertising campaign case studies are presented to identify the need for neuromarketing in this competitive era. The perceptions toward neuromarketing were discussed with nineteen senior brand and marketing communication experts using a qualitative semi-structured interviewing technique. The use of grounded theory helped in unraveling the themes. Emerging themes suggest that neuromarketing has the potential to significantly strengthen the quality and effectiveness of advertising messages. However, there are some challenges like ethical issues and transparency in the application of neuromarketing. Zurawicki’si framework on three different dimensions of emotions, involvement, and cognition was proposed to be used as the framework. The contribution of this research would help understand how neuromarketing combined with conventional marketing approaches can create a subtler impact on audience’s mind and heart. Accordingly, new age strategies around the science and art of marketing communication can be devised and a new impetus can be provided to marketing theory and practice.
{"title":"Understanding the art and science of new-age advertising: A neuromarketing perspective","authors":"N. Jain","doi":"10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-05","url":null,"abstract":"Marketers often rely on conventional marketing techniques to appeal to the purchase decisions of consumers. However, research has confirmed that human decisions are based on an unconscious process resulting in the creation of a gap between the perception of the marketeers and consumer expectations. Neuromarketing can be a useful technique to study the optimization of marketing communication. The objective of the present paper is to study the application of neuromarketing in advertising. In the first phase, two successful advertising campaign case studies and two failed advertising campaign case studies are presented to identify the need for neuromarketing in this competitive era. The perceptions toward neuromarketing were discussed with nineteen senior brand and marketing communication experts using a qualitative semi-structured interviewing technique. The use of grounded theory helped in unraveling the themes. Emerging themes suggest that neuromarketing has the potential to significantly strengthen the quality and effectiveness of advertising messages. However, there are some challenges like ethical issues and transparency in the application of neuromarketing. Zurawicki’si framework on three different dimensions of emotions, involvement, and cognition was proposed to be used as the framework. The contribution of this research would help understand how neuromarketing combined with conventional marketing approaches can create a subtler impact on audience’s mind and heart. Accordingly, new age strategies around the science and art of marketing communication can be devised and a new impetus can be provided to marketing theory and practice.","PeriodicalId":323589,"journal":{"name":"The Business and Management Review","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114640790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-10DOI: 10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-08
S. Bronkhorst, C. Nieuwenhuizen
Orientation: Export opportunities, internationalization, have been prioritised by South African Trade and Industry in order to promote economic growth. Research purpose: It is critical for the expansion of organisations to consider internationalisation when there are prospects for expanding trade activities in already existing and sometimes firmly established markets. Motivation for the study: Upon entering an international market competitively, a clear understanding of all factors impacting on profitability and sustainability of the organisation strategic endeavour, is required. Research design, approach and method: A case study research design was selected for this study. The parameters presented a large role player in the hardwood industry and export trade at the time of the data gathering. Qualitative research approach represented the data collecting process as observational and specifically perceptible. The data acquired from participants in their natural environment and preference given to the ways in which individuals interpret their social world. Secondary data was used. Main findings: Belgium’s market size for hardwood products is greater than the consumption indicating an over-supply, whereas Germany’s supply and demand are exactly equal. The Netherlands’ demand for wood is greater than the supply. Practical/managerial implications: Although all the European Countries are possible export markets for wood, it is recommended rather to concentrate exports of wood products to the Netherlands. Contribution/value-add: The international market for hardwood in Europe is available for exports from SA. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification awarded South African plantations is sufficient to serve as the requirements stipulated by both the European countries and CITES.
{"title":"Internationalisation of South African companies in the hardwood industry in the European market","authors":"S. Bronkhorst, C. Nieuwenhuizen","doi":"10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-08","url":null,"abstract":"Orientation: Export opportunities, internationalization, have been prioritised by South African Trade and Industry in order to promote economic growth. Research purpose: It is critical for the expansion of organisations to consider internationalisation when there are prospects for expanding trade activities in already existing and sometimes firmly established markets. Motivation for the study: Upon entering an international market competitively, a clear understanding of all factors impacting on profitability and sustainability of the organisation strategic endeavour, is required. Research design, approach and method: A case study research design was selected for this study. The parameters presented a large role player in the hardwood industry and export trade at the time of the data gathering. Qualitative research approach represented the data collecting process as observational and specifically perceptible. The data acquired from participants in their natural environment and preference given to the ways in which individuals interpret their social world. Secondary data was used. Main findings: Belgium’s market size for hardwood products is greater than the consumption indicating an over-supply, whereas Germany’s supply and demand are exactly equal. The Netherlands’ demand for wood is greater than the supply. Practical/managerial implications: Although all the European Countries are possible export markets for wood, it is recommended rather to concentrate exports of wood products to the Netherlands. Contribution/value-add: The international market for hardwood in Europe is available for exports from SA. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification awarded South African plantations is sufficient to serve as the requirements stipulated by both the European countries and CITES.","PeriodicalId":323589,"journal":{"name":"The Business and Management Review","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134129365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-10DOI: 10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-03
Charles Crain, I. Billy, Nagamani Palla, Gabriel De Freitas, K. Palla
The rapidly growing use of technology in education is changing the way in which knowledge is produced, stored, and distributed to students locally and globally. Today, learning is no longer solely deployed in a physical classroom due to the increased rate of students enrolling in online education for various reasons. The nation's educational system greatly benefits from internet-enabled distance learning, also known as online education, by liberating students from the usual available options of on-campus degree programs such as commuting to school, preparing their day for courses, and being physically present during each cycle of their coursework. Moreover, retention rates at higher education institutions remain a focus in this present pandemic era. Data from the United States (U.S.) Department of Education (2021) revealed an overall drop for full-time students in 2020, from 76.1 percent in 2019 to 75.7 percent. For part-time students, there was an even more significant drop, from 46.5 percent in 2019 to 43.5 percent in 2020. For educational institutions, it is imperative to understand the cause of this lower retention, and the way higher education institutions could overcome this challenge. One method that is being pursued by higher institutions is online education, as a note online education is now accepted as the “wave” of the future, knowledge is being distributed across both space and time. Knowledge management techniques are also used to capture, organize and deliver this knowledge, and management systems can be used to quickly identify the most relevant information and distribute it to meet specific needs. The art of adding knowledge management and E-Learning together, is a form of technological advancement.
{"title":"The Case for Integrating and Leveraging Knowledge Management and ELearning for Effective Online Education","authors":"Charles Crain, I. Billy, Nagamani Palla, Gabriel De Freitas, K. Palla","doi":"10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-03","url":null,"abstract":"The rapidly growing use of technology in education is changing the way in which knowledge is produced, stored, and distributed to students locally and globally. Today, learning is no longer solely deployed in a physical classroom due to the increased rate of students enrolling in online education for various reasons. The nation's educational system greatly benefits from internet-enabled distance learning, also known as online education, by liberating students from the usual available options of on-campus degree programs such as commuting to school, preparing their day for courses, and being physically present during each cycle of their coursework. Moreover, retention rates at higher education institutions remain a focus in this present pandemic era. Data from the United States (U.S.) Department of Education (2021) revealed an overall drop for full-time students in 2020, from 76.1 percent in 2019 to 75.7 percent. For part-time students, there was an even more significant drop, from 46.5 percent in 2019 to 43.5 percent in 2020. For educational institutions, it is imperative to understand the cause of this lower retention, and the way higher education institutions could overcome this challenge. One method that is being pursued by higher institutions is online education, as a note online education is now accepted as the “wave” of the future, knowledge is being distributed across both space and time. Knowledge management techniques are also used to capture, organize and deliver this knowledge, and management systems can be used to quickly identify the most relevant information and distribute it to meet specific needs. The art of adding knowledge management and E-Learning together, is a form of technological advancement.","PeriodicalId":323589,"journal":{"name":"The Business and Management Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120950045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-10DOI: 10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-01
Andrea E. Smith-Hunter, J. Nolan
This paper does a review of the literature that exists for women entrepreneurs in the film industry and includes a look at some major statistical revelations. It does this primarily through a literature review and research on the major articles on women entrepreneurs in the film industry as well as researching industry data from key statistical sources. The findings indicate that women entrepreneurs in the film industry are at a great disadvantage compared to their male counterparts and that this is especially potent for minority women entrepreneurs in the film industry. In order to overcome these deficiencies women entrepreneurs in the film industry have to create network structures that are relevant and reliable and include those both inside and outside the film industry, those in the financial industry and those willing to train and educate the women entrepreneurs on the nuances of the said film industry.
{"title":"Women Entrepreneurs in the Film Industry: Obstacles, Challenges, and Opportunities","authors":"Andrea E. Smith-Hunter, J. Nolan","doi":"10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper does a review of the literature that exists for women entrepreneurs in the film industry and includes a look at some major statistical revelations. It does this primarily through a literature review and research on the major articles on women entrepreneurs in the film industry as well as researching industry data from key statistical sources. The findings indicate that women entrepreneurs in the film industry are at a great disadvantage compared to their male counterparts and that this is especially potent for minority women entrepreneurs in the film industry. In order to overcome these deficiencies women entrepreneurs in the film industry have to create network structures that are relevant and reliable and include those both inside and outside the film industry, those in the financial industry and those willing to train and educate the women entrepreneurs on the nuances of the said film industry.","PeriodicalId":323589,"journal":{"name":"The Business and Management Review","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124204052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-10DOI: 10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-02
S. Bronkhorst
Orientation: The National Framework for Sustainable Growth South Africa was introduced to re-orientate South Africa’s development path in a more sustainable direction. The South African Forestry Industry is discussed detailing commitment to ensure plantation forest establishment and management within the most socio-economically and environmentally beneficial way possible. Research purpose: The South African Forestry Industry is discussed detailing commitment to ensure plantation forest establishment and management within the most socio-economically and environmentally beneficial way possible. Motivation for the study: By identifying the way natural resources are managed, the sustainability of the forestry industry, and innovatively assisting people who directly depend upon this industry to work in safety and live under conditions of acceptable quality can be assured. Research design, approach and method: The conceptual study focusses on the Sustainable Development goals as formulated by the United Nations and specifically SDG 15. The National Framework for Sustainable Growth South Africa was introduced to re-orientate South Africa’s development path in a more sustainable direction. Main findings Although many different methods and approaches monitoring and verifying the sustainability of wood are acknowledged, verification from the Forest Stewardship Council is the preferred certification for the World Forestry Organization. The community’s increased control over forests will ensure that the UN Voluntary Positive impacts of sustainable forest management (SDG 15) will be followed. Practical/managerial implications: Industry is discussed detailing commitment to ensure plantation forest establishment and management within the most socio-economically and environmentally beneficial way possible. By identifying the way natural resources are managed, the sustainability of the forestry industry, and innovatively assisting people who directly depend upon this industry to work in safety and live under conditions of acceptable quality can be assured Contribution/value-add: Although many different methods and approaches monitoring and verifying the sustainability of wood are acknowledged, verification from the Forest Stewardship Council is the preferred certification for the World Forestry Organization. The community’s increased control over forests will ensure that the UN Voluntary Positive impacts of sustainable forest management (SDG 15) will be followed.
{"title":"The forestry sector of South Africa supporting the achievement of SDG 15","authors":"S. Bronkhorst","doi":"10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-02","url":null,"abstract":"Orientation: The National Framework for Sustainable Growth South Africa was introduced to re-orientate South Africa’s development path in a more sustainable direction. The South African Forestry Industry is discussed detailing commitment to ensure plantation forest establishment and management within the most socio-economically and environmentally beneficial way possible. Research purpose: The South African Forestry Industry is discussed detailing commitment to ensure plantation forest establishment and management within the most socio-economically and environmentally beneficial way possible. Motivation for the study: By identifying the way natural resources are managed, the sustainability of the forestry industry, and innovatively assisting people who directly depend upon this industry to work in safety and live under conditions of acceptable quality can be assured. Research design, approach and method: The conceptual study focusses on the Sustainable Development goals as formulated by the United Nations and specifically SDG 15. The National Framework for Sustainable Growth South Africa was introduced to re-orientate South Africa’s development path in a more sustainable direction. Main findings Although many different methods and approaches monitoring and verifying the sustainability of wood are acknowledged, verification from the Forest Stewardship Council is the preferred certification for the World Forestry Organization. The community’s increased control over forests will ensure that the UN Voluntary Positive impacts of sustainable forest management (SDG 15) will be followed. Practical/managerial implications: Industry is discussed detailing commitment to ensure plantation forest establishment and management within the most socio-economically and environmentally beneficial way possible. By identifying the way natural resources are managed, the sustainability of the forestry industry, and innovatively assisting people who directly depend upon this industry to work in safety and live under conditions of acceptable quality can be assured Contribution/value-add: Although many different methods and approaches monitoring and verifying the sustainability of wood are acknowledged, verification from the Forest Stewardship Council is the preferred certification for the World Forestry Organization. The community’s increased control over forests will ensure that the UN Voluntary Positive impacts of sustainable forest management (SDG 15) will be followed.","PeriodicalId":323589,"journal":{"name":"The Business and Management Review","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116929838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-10DOI: 10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-07
L. Kaushal
The research reviews the host nation’s governance quality (GQ) and locational determinants' roles in attracting Indian overseas investments. Findings reveal that strategic asset-seeking and market-seeking motivations primarily influence Indian investors' overseas investment decisions. When seeking investments in developed nations, Indian MNCs prefer weak governance similar to that in their home country. On the other hand, Indian MNCs prefer developing nations with strong GQ (except for weak voice and accountability) for both market-seeking and strategic asset-seeking investments.
{"title":"What drives Indian MNCs overseas investments-developing economy perspective","authors":"L. Kaushal","doi":"10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-07","url":null,"abstract":"The research reviews the host nation’s governance quality (GQ) and locational determinants' roles in attracting Indian overseas investments. Findings reveal that strategic asset-seeking and market-seeking motivations primarily influence Indian investors' overseas investment decisions. When seeking investments in developed nations, Indian MNCs prefer weak governance similar to that in their home country. On the other hand, Indian MNCs prefer developing nations with strong GQ (except for weak voice and accountability) for both market-seeking and strategic asset-seeking investments.","PeriodicalId":323589,"journal":{"name":"The Business and Management Review","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126124486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-10DOI: 10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-06
A. Trad
This paper uses the author’s Applied Holistic Mathematical Model (AHMM) and specific research and development approach to support activities and decision making (Trad, & Kalpić, 2020a) in the case of the Lebanese educational system. The historical nation of Semite tribes has influenced humanities and their corresponding civilizations for thousands of years. Their legacy includes, education, culture, seafaring, commerce, arts, languages, sciences, creativity, perseverance, and many other fields. Their migrations, curiosity, talent, and their unique holistic vision on major domains of evolution, culture and education, made them transform the Middle East Area (MEA) and other parts of the world; these transformations made humanity advance. This intellectually curious nation includes the: Arameans, Hebrews, Phoenicians, Akkadians, Arabs from the Arabian Peninsula (AAP), Babylonians, Assyrians, Syriacs and other Yemenite tribes. These tribes initially inhabited the lands of Shem (bilad el -Shem), drawing their common origins from the southern Yemenite inlands. They are probably the oldest structured, globalized, and networked civilization that established the first global communication infrastructure and educational eco-systems. They have chosen the Middle Eastern Area (MEA) and the Mediterranean Coast (MC) as a jumpstart for their unique and fulgurant expansions, to reach various parts of the world. Their innovative temperament, culture, discipline, skills, and education, enabled them to develop complex domains, like, technology, maritime navigation, massive constructions, architectural undertakings, the evolution of monotheistic religion(s), alphabet (abjad), evolution of language(s), pure and applied mathematics, sciences, commerce, networked finance, and many other fields. These fields were originated and developed by this exceptional and enduring nation of tribes, which used Aramaic as their lingua franca. From their origin until today, they faced many fatal challenges, confrontations, genocides and even risks of extinction. As the targeted subject is complex and inflammable, the focus is set on the Semite-Phoenicians (SP) or the modern Lebanese, their complex heritage, and their specific educational and multi-cultural system(s). SP’s heritage, education, and culture has spread throughout the MEA and much further. SPs inhabited the region of Lebanon that extended from Tyrus to the Nordic city of Tripoli; knowing that since thousands of years, Lebanon designates a region and is only country that has never changed its name. SP city states were avant-garde posts for their expansion in the world to reach the Americas. These well-organized and unconventional expansions brought them cultural, societal, economic successes and have done major changes in the newly discovered regions. This paper’s presented facts gave the Lebanese societal advantages that are felt in their Educational System (ES) and this paper will try to present the Case of the Lebanese S
本文使用作者的应用整体数学模型(AHMM)和具体的研究和开发方法来支持黎巴嫩教育系统的活动和决策(Trad， & kalpiki, 2020a)。闪米特部落这个历史民族几千年来一直影响着人类及其相应的文明。他们的遗产包括教育、文化、航海、商业、艺术、语言、科学、创造力、毅力和许多其他领域。他们的迁徙、好奇心、天赋，以及他们在进化、文化和教育等主要领域独特的整体视野，使他们改变了中东地区和世界其他地区;这些转变使人类进步。这个充满求知欲的民族包括:亚兰人、希伯来人、腓尼基人、阿卡德人、阿拉伯半岛的阿拉伯人、巴比伦人、亚述人、叙利亚人和其他也门部落。这些部落最初居住在闪地(bilad el -闪)，他们的共同起源来自也门南部内陆。他们可能是最古老的结构化、全球化和网络化文明，建立了第一个全球通信基础设施和教育生态系统。他们选择了中东地区(MEA)和地中海沿岸(MC)作为其独特而辉煌的扩张的起点，以达到世界各地。他们的创新气质、文化、学科、技能和教育，使他们能够发展复杂的领域，如技术、海上航行、大型建筑、建筑事业、一神论宗教的演变、字母表(abjad)、语言的演变、纯数学和应用数学、科学、商业、网络金融和许多其他领域。这些领域是由这个使用阿拉姆语作为他们的通用语的特殊和持久的部落国家起源和发展起来的。从他们的起源到今天，他们面临着许多致命的挑战、对抗、种族灭绝甚至灭绝的危险。由于目标主题是复杂和易燃的，因此重点放在闪米特-腓尼基人(SP)或现代黎巴嫩人，他们复杂的遗产，以及他们特定的教育和多元文化体系上。SP的遗产、教育和文化已经传播到整个MEA甚至更远的地方。SPs居住在从泰尔斯延伸到北欧城市的黎波里的黎巴嫩地区;因为几千年来，黎巴嫩是一个地区，也是唯一一个从未改名的国家。SP城邦是他们在世界范围内扩张到美洲的先锋阵地。这些组织良好、非常规的扩张为他们带来了文化、社会和经济上的成功，并给新发现的地区带来了重大变化。本文所呈现的事实赋予了黎巴嫩在其教育系统(ES)中感受到的社会优势，本文将尝试呈现黎巴嫩特定的多样化ES (LSDES)的案例。
{"title":"The Societal and Educational Transformation Projects The Middle East’s Educational Construct-The Case of the Lebanese Specific Diverse Educational System (LSDES)","authors":"A. Trad","doi":"10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-06","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses the author’s Applied Holistic Mathematical Model (AHMM) and specific research and development approach to support activities and decision making (Trad, & Kalpić, 2020a) in the case of the Lebanese educational system. The historical nation of Semite tribes has influenced humanities and their corresponding civilizations for thousands of years. Their legacy includes, education, culture, seafaring, commerce, arts, languages, sciences, creativity, perseverance, and many other fields. Their migrations, curiosity, talent, and their unique holistic vision on major domains of evolution, culture and education, made them transform the Middle East Area (MEA) and other parts of the world; these transformations made humanity advance. This intellectually curious nation includes the: Arameans, Hebrews, Phoenicians, Akkadians, Arabs from the Arabian Peninsula (AAP), Babylonians, Assyrians, Syriacs and other Yemenite tribes. These tribes initially inhabited the lands of Shem (bilad el -Shem), drawing their common origins from the southern Yemenite inlands. They are probably the oldest structured, globalized, and networked civilization that established the first global communication infrastructure and educational eco-systems. They have chosen the Middle Eastern Area (MEA) and the Mediterranean Coast (MC) as a jumpstart for their unique and fulgurant expansions, to reach various parts of the world. Their innovative temperament, culture, discipline, skills, and education, enabled them to develop complex domains, like, technology, maritime navigation, massive constructions, architectural undertakings, the evolution of monotheistic religion(s), alphabet (abjad), evolution of language(s), pure and applied mathematics, sciences, commerce, networked finance, and many other fields. These fields were originated and developed by this exceptional and enduring nation of tribes, which used Aramaic as their lingua franca. From their origin until today, they faced many fatal challenges, confrontations, genocides and even risks of extinction. As the targeted subject is complex and inflammable, the focus is set on the Semite-Phoenicians (SP) or the modern Lebanese, their complex heritage, and their specific educational and multi-cultural system(s). SP’s heritage, education, and culture has spread throughout the MEA and much further. SPs inhabited the region of Lebanon that extended from Tyrus to the Nordic city of Tripoli; knowing that since thousands of years, Lebanon designates a region and is only country that has never changed its name. SP city states were avant-garde posts for their expansion in the world to reach the Americas. These well-organized and unconventional expansions brought them cultural, societal, economic successes and have done major changes in the newly discovered regions. This paper’s presented facts gave the Lebanese societal advantages that are felt in their Educational System (ES) and this paper will try to present the Case of the Lebanese S","PeriodicalId":323589,"journal":{"name":"The Business and Management Review","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124476568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-10DOI: 10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-04
Hemant J. Katole
Online product reviews have grown into a valuable source of information influencing purchases with the rise of digital and social media. Customer reviews are a type of feedback for online stores and electronic commerce. Nowadays, consumers have constant access to online product reviews because to resources like smart phones, 24x7 internet access, and other resources to access websites. This product review has developed into a well-liked and successful marketing and sales tool that influences consumer product purchase behaviour. There are many platforms, such as online retailer websites, E-Commerce websites, brand websites, brand community blogs, and third-party reviews, where consumers can participate and engage in discussions about their purchase and consumption experience. Consumer opinions may influence the overall product sales and assist a customer in making a purchase. The goal of this study was to determine whether there is a link between consumer reviews and consumer buying habits. The purpose of this study is to clarify how various internet reviews affect consumers' purchasing decisions and intents. Online customer reviews (OCRs) are now a key resource for product details and have a significant impact on consumers' purchasing decisions. The decision-making process for consumer purchases has been significantly impacted as a result. OCRs' implications on customer behaviour have recently drawn a lot of scholarly interest. Therefore, it is necessary to review these impacts. The most recent research on the connections and linkages between OCRs and client buying is thus examined in this study.
{"title":"A research article on Importance of Online Customer Reviews on Customer Purchase","authors":"Hemant J. Katole","doi":"10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v13nu03/art-04","url":null,"abstract":"Online product reviews have grown into a valuable source of information influencing purchases with the rise of digital and social media. Customer reviews are a type of feedback for online stores and electronic commerce. Nowadays, consumers have constant access to online product reviews because to resources like smart phones, 24x7 internet access, and other resources to access websites. This product review has developed into a well-liked and successful marketing and sales tool that influences consumer product purchase behaviour. There are many platforms, such as online retailer websites, E-Commerce websites, brand websites, brand community blogs, and third-party reviews, where consumers can participate and engage in discussions about their purchase and consumption experience. Consumer opinions may influence the overall product sales and assist a customer in making a purchase. The goal of this study was to determine whether there is a link between consumer reviews and consumer buying habits. The purpose of this study is to clarify how various internet reviews affect consumers' purchasing decisions and intents. Online customer reviews (OCRs) are now a key resource for product details and have a significant impact on consumers' purchasing decisions. The decision-making process for consumer purchases has been significantly impacted as a result. OCRs' implications on customer behaviour have recently drawn a lot of scholarly interest. Therefore, it is necessary to review these impacts. The most recent research on the connections and linkages between OCRs and client buying is thus examined in this study.","PeriodicalId":323589,"journal":{"name":"The Business and Management Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124427928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the interests of shareholders contradict with the interests of the managers, agency problem appears. However, the principle of the agency theory is to establish the relationship between the shareholders and managers; and this paper relies on the involvement of corporate governance who can resolve the issues between earnings management and the underlying causes of the earnings management based on the FTSE350, UK. This study has considered the performance matched discretionary accruals to measure the magnitude of the discretionary accruals by considering OLS regression model. The findings of this paper reveal the mixed results as board independence , non-executive director’s fees and block holder have significant impact whereas Board Meeting, the presence of female in the board and board size do not have significant impacts on controlling discretionary accruals. In terms of the estimation of discretionary accruals, there are various models identified in the past. Hence, it is recommended that the models have to be tested and compared regularly to identify the most significant one; to conduct research for a particular market. On the other hand, identifying most effective models to calculate the value of discretionary accruals is quite crucial as most of the researchers are still using Modified Jones’s Model (1995).
{"title":"The impact of corporate governance on controlling discretionary accrual: A study of impacts on earnings management based on FTSE350, UK","authors":"Rishiram Aryal, Gurujeet Dhesi, Valerio Ficcadenti","doi":"10.24052/bmr/v13nu02/art-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v13nu02/art-33","url":null,"abstract":"While the interests of shareholders contradict with the interests of the managers, agency problem appears. However, the principle of the agency theory is to establish the relationship between the shareholders and managers; and this paper relies on the involvement of corporate governance who can resolve the issues between earnings management and the underlying causes of the earnings management based on the FTSE350, UK. This study has considered the performance matched discretionary accruals to measure the magnitude of the discretionary accruals by considering OLS regression model. The findings of this paper reveal the mixed results as board independence , non-executive director’s fees and block holder have significant impact whereas Board Meeting, the presence of female in the board and board size do not have significant impacts on controlling discretionary accruals. In terms of the estimation of discretionary accruals, there are various models identified in the past. Hence, it is recommended that the models have to be tested and compared regularly to identify the most significant one; to conduct research for a particular market. On the other hand, identifying most effective models to calculate the value of discretionary accruals is quite crucial as most of the researchers are still using Modified Jones’s Model (1995).","PeriodicalId":323589,"journal":{"name":"The Business and Management Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124521395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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