Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.73.77
A. Paudel, Asmita Bhattarai, P. Yadav
Forests play a vital role in Nepalese rural communities, which rely on them for firewood, employment, additional meals, and good health to sustain and improve their lifestyles. It has contributed to the Nepalese farming system. Soil helps in regulating ecological processes like nutrient uptake, decomposition, and water availability in the forest. Nepal’s annual soil loss ranges from 2-105 t ha-1 with 34% water-induced erosion, 60% mass wasting (geological erosion), and 3 % by wind erosion. Forest soil requires various management and conservation practices to minimize the exploitation of forest lands. Hence, this article explains the ongoing soil conservation approaches like Afforestation, Agroforestry, and community forest management in Nepal. This article can also be the roadmap for the formulation of appropriate policies in soil conservation, and indirectly in maintaining sustainability in the ecology.
{"title":"SOIL CONSERVATION PRACTICES IN FOREST OF NEPAL","authors":"A. Paudel, Asmita Bhattarai, P. Yadav","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.73.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.73.77","url":null,"abstract":"Forests play a vital role in Nepalese rural communities, which rely on them for firewood, employment, additional meals, and good health to sustain and improve their lifestyles. It has contributed to the Nepalese farming system. Soil helps in regulating ecological processes like nutrient uptake, decomposition, and water availability in the forest. Nepal’s annual soil loss ranges from 2-105 t ha-1 with 34% water-induced erosion, 60% mass wasting (geological erosion), and 3 % by wind erosion. Forest soil requires various management and conservation practices to minimize the exploitation of forest lands. Hence, this article explains the ongoing soil conservation approaches like Afforestation, Agroforestry, and community forest management in Nepal. This article can also be the roadmap for the formulation of appropriate policies in soil conservation, and indirectly in maintaining sustainability in the ecology.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75128513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.78.84
Vahid Isazade, Abdul Baser Qasimi, Gordana Kaplan
Due to the gradual drying of parts of Urmia Lake, several centers of salt dust which is created and influence the agriculture, economy, public health and causes migrations within the region of the Urmia Lake. Hence, knowing the temporal and spatial distribution of this phenomenon is very important to quantify these effects. In the present study, using Sentinel-5 and MODIS products for 2020 in the Google Earth system, have shown despite month-to-month fluctuations, has an increasing trend and the incremental changes of fine dust are more considerable in May and June and their dispersal are greater in the northern and northwestern cities in the basin of the Urmia Lake. The distribution of fine dust in the cities of Tabriz, Shabestar, Urmia, Mahabad, Khoy, Salmas, and Tabak, shows heavy concentrations of the dusts, and exhibits destructive impacts on the economy (60.80%) in December and also has adverse effects on the health index. And most of the referrals of people suffering from diseases caused by fine dust in December is (47.50%). The two indicators of agriculture and migration are closely related and the most effects of salt dust for these two indicators showed (15%) in November and (40.51%) in July, respectively. According to the results, it can be said that these dust particles have the greatest impact on the indices (migration, economy, agriculture, and health) of urban regions of the basin of Urmia Lake from 2019 to 2020. The results of this study can directly contribute to the decision-making process by the local authorities to understand the environmental problems across urban and rural areas of Urmia lakes which is at considerable risk.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SALT DUST CAUSED BY DRYING OF URMIA LAKE ON THE SUSTAINABILITY OF URBAN ENVIRONMENTS","authors":"Vahid Isazade, Abdul Baser Qasimi, Gordana Kaplan","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.78.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.78.84","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the gradual drying of parts of Urmia Lake, several centers of salt dust which is created and influence the agriculture, economy, public health and causes migrations within the region of the Urmia Lake. Hence, knowing the temporal and spatial distribution of this phenomenon is very important to quantify these effects. In the present study, using Sentinel-5 and MODIS products for 2020 in the Google Earth system, have shown despite month-to-month fluctuations, has an increasing trend and the incremental changes of fine dust are more considerable in May and June and their dispersal are greater in the northern and northwestern cities in the basin of the Urmia Lake. The distribution of fine dust in the cities of Tabriz, Shabestar, Urmia, Mahabad, Khoy, Salmas, and Tabak, shows heavy concentrations of the dusts, and exhibits destructive impacts on the economy (60.80%) in December and also has adverse effects on the health index. And most of the referrals of people suffering from diseases caused by fine dust in December is (47.50%). The two indicators of agriculture and migration are closely related and the most effects of salt dust for these two indicators showed (15%) in November and (40.51%) in July, respectively. According to the results, it can be said that these dust particles have the greatest impact on the indices (migration, economy, agriculture, and health) of urban regions of the basin of Urmia Lake from 2019 to 2020. The results of this study can directly contribute to the decision-making process by the local authorities to understand the environmental problems across urban and rural areas of Urmia lakes which is at considerable risk.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86359379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.68.72
Raja Asim Zeb, Raja Shoaib Zahoor, Dr. Ariba Farooq
The article summarizes the outcomes of abundant physicochemical equity of drinking water and pathogenic microorganisms conducted for drinking water trait condition of Bhimber Azad Kashmir. Drinking water quality index (DWQI) based on TDS, pH, Ca+2, Na+, was used to assess the drinking water quality. Being unnerves increase in the population and hasty commercial construction, drinking water quality is highly affected constantly in Bhimber Azad Kashmir. About 18% of whole population of Bhimber Azad Kashmir has approach to secure drinking water. The resting 80% of population is enforced to use perlious drinking water due to the insufficiency of safe and healthful drinking water resources. The principal origin of contamination is microbial contamination, turbidity and Na+ which is widely discharge into water system supplies. Anthropogenic exercise cause bone diseases that create about 60-70% of all diseases are answerable. This article emphasizes the drinking water quality, contagion sources and controlling mechanism of water in Bhimber Azad Kashmir. There is an immediate commitment to take precautionary measures and treatment technologies to control on these depressive water contamination statistics of Bhimber Azad Kashmir.
本文综述了对Bhimber Azad Kashmir地区饮用水特征条件进行的丰富的饮用水理化公平和病原微生物的研究结果。采用基于TDS、pH、Ca+2、Na+的生活饮用水水质指数(DWQI)评价生活饮用水水质。由于人口的不安和匆忙的商业建设，Bhimber Azad Kashmir地区的饮用水质量不断受到严重影响。比姆伯阿扎德克什米尔约18%的人口有办法获得安全饮用水。由于缺乏安全卫生的饮用水资源，其余80%的人口被迫使用危险的饮用水。污染的主要来源是微生物污染、浊度和Na+，它们被广泛地排放到供水系统中。人为运动引起的骨骼疾病占所有可回答疾病的60-70%。本文着重介绍了比姆伯-阿扎德-克什米尔地区的饮用水水质、传染源及控制机制。立即承诺采取预防措施和处理技术，以控制比姆伯阿扎德克什米尔这些令人沮丧的水污染统计数字。
{"title":"INSPECTION OF DRINKING WATER CALIBRE TRAIT OF BHIMBER AZAD KASHMIR, PAKISTAN","authors":"Raja Asim Zeb, Raja Shoaib Zahoor, Dr. Ariba Farooq","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.68.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.68.72","url":null,"abstract":"The article summarizes the outcomes of abundant physicochemical equity of drinking water and pathogenic microorganisms conducted for drinking water trait condition of Bhimber Azad Kashmir. Drinking water quality index (DWQI) based on TDS, pH, Ca+2, Na+, was used to assess the drinking water quality. Being unnerves increase in the population and hasty commercial construction, drinking water quality is highly affected constantly in Bhimber Azad Kashmir. About 18% of whole population of Bhimber Azad Kashmir has approach to secure drinking water. The resting 80% of population is enforced to use perlious drinking water due to the insufficiency of safe and healthful drinking water resources. The principal origin of contamination is microbial contamination, turbidity and Na+ which is widely discharge into water system supplies. Anthropogenic exercise cause bone diseases that create about 60-70% of all diseases are answerable. This article emphasizes the drinking water quality, contagion sources and controlling mechanism of water in Bhimber Azad Kashmir. There is an immediate commitment to take precautionary measures and treatment technologies to control on these depressive water contamination statistics of Bhimber Azad Kashmir.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76250773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.58.61
Nwosu T. V, Nwaiwu C.J, Egboka N.T
Due to indiscriminate activities of man through sand excavation, sand mining and illegal waste disposal within the watershed the study evaluated the effect of these activities on selected water quality parameters of Nworie River in Owerri -Imo State, Southeast Nigeria. The study area was divided into Upstream, Midstream and downstream. The river was sampled and the raw data from water sampling were subjected to laboratory analysis; results obtained were matched with standards. The results showed that the average pH of the river was 7.4; upstream and midstream had higher pH values than the downstream with low pH and these were within the permissible limit. Biological oxygen Demand (BOD) of the river were 75mg/l, 60mg/l and 56mg/l at the Upstream, Midstream and downstream with an average value of 64 mg/l . The river had a mean turbidity value of 76NTU and mean Total Dissolved solids (TDS) value of 272mg/l which were above the permissible limit. Calcium (Ca2+) did not exceed the standard limit while magnesium exceeded the standard limit by 68% at the Upstream. Nworie river had mean water conductivity value of 93S/cm; water conductivity at the Midstream and downstream were within the permissible limits while the Upstream had 6% increase above the acceptable limit. It was observed from this study that Nworie river exhibited three different colours of light-green, dark-green and brownish-muddy colour respectively at the Upstream, Midstream and Downstream which could be attributed to the level of erosional deposits and sediment loads from the degraded watershed. Further degradation of the watershed should be avoided by practising good soil conservation measures, ensuring that indiscriminate activities of inhabitants of the area are stopped and since environmental balance, land degradation, water management and food security are strongly linked, each must be addressed in the context of the other to have a measurable impact to the society.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY DETERIORATION IN NWORIE RIVER, OWERRI- IMO STATE, SOUTHEAST, NIGERIA","authors":"Nwosu T. V, Nwaiwu C.J, Egboka N.T","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.58.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.58.61","url":null,"abstract":"Due to indiscriminate activities of man through sand excavation, sand mining and illegal waste disposal within the watershed the study evaluated the effect of these activities on selected water quality parameters of Nworie River in Owerri -Imo State, Southeast Nigeria. The study area was divided into Upstream, Midstream and downstream. The river was sampled and the raw data from water sampling were subjected to laboratory analysis; results obtained were matched with standards. The results showed that the average pH of the river was 7.4; upstream and midstream had higher pH values than the downstream with low pH and these were within the permissible limit. Biological oxygen Demand (BOD) of the river were 75mg/l, 60mg/l and 56mg/l at the Upstream, Midstream and downstream with an average value of 64 mg/l . The river had a mean turbidity value of 76NTU and mean Total Dissolved solids (TDS) value of 272mg/l which were above the permissible limit. Calcium (Ca2+) did not exceed the standard limit while magnesium exceeded the standard limit by 68% at the Upstream. Nworie river had mean water conductivity value of 93S/cm; water conductivity at the Midstream and downstream were within the permissible limits while the Upstream had 6% increase above the acceptable limit. It was observed from this study that Nworie river exhibited three different colours of light-green, dark-green and brownish-muddy colour respectively at the Upstream, Midstream and Downstream which could be attributed to the level of erosional deposits and sediment loads from the degraded watershed. Further degradation of the watershed should be avoided by practising good soil conservation measures, ensuring that indiscriminate activities of inhabitants of the area are stopped and since environmental balance, land degradation, water management and food security are strongly linked, each must be addressed in the context of the other to have a measurable impact to the society.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75629393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2021.27.30
M. Haque, Md. Kaium Hossain, Md. Ashraful Islam Molla, M. Sarker, Shaikat Chandra Dey, M. Ashaduzzaman
Copper Oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have shown great acceptance in the antimicrobial application owing to their low toxicity and high surface to charge ratio. In this study, copper oxide NPs (represented as S-1, S-2 and S-3) were prepared by a simple and cost-effective thermal approach in three different environments. Fabricated NPs were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique. The XRD patterns revealed that the synthesized S-2 was of pure Cu2O phase while S-3 was composed of monoclinic CuO with a small quantity of Cu2O. More importantly, synthesized copper oxide NPs were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against three types of gram-negative bacteria namely Salmonella typhi, SK4 and E. coli (two strains). Although the NPs produced from the S-1 approach did not show encouraging results, the copper oxide NPs from S-2 and S-3 had shown enhanced antimicrobial activity. The successful antimicrobial activity of S-2 and S-3 can be related to the release of Cu+ and Cu2+ ions into the surrounding environment, which is responsible for the breaking of the cell wall membrane and ultimately causes bacterial cell disruption. The synthesized copper oxide NPs via thermal approach will be good candidates for biomedical applications.
{"title":"FACILE FABRICATION OF COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FOR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY","authors":"M. Haque, Md. Kaium Hossain, Md. Ashraful Islam Molla, M. Sarker, Shaikat Chandra Dey, M. Ashaduzzaman","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2021.27.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2021.27.30","url":null,"abstract":"Copper Oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have shown great acceptance in the antimicrobial application owing to their low toxicity and high surface to charge ratio. In this study, copper oxide NPs (represented as S-1, S-2 and S-3) were prepared by a simple and cost-effective thermal approach in three different environments. Fabricated NPs were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique. The XRD patterns revealed that the synthesized S-2 was of pure Cu2O phase while S-3 was composed of monoclinic CuO with a small quantity of Cu2O. More importantly, synthesized copper oxide NPs were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against three types of gram-negative bacteria namely Salmonella typhi, SK4 and E. coli (two strains). Although the NPs produced from the S-1 approach did not show encouraging results, the copper oxide NPs from S-2 and S-3 had shown enhanced antimicrobial activity. The successful antimicrobial activity of S-2 and S-3 can be related to the release of Cu+ and Cu2+ ions into the surrounding environment, which is responsible for the breaking of the cell wall membrane and ultimately causes bacterial cell disruption. The synthesized copper oxide NPs via thermal approach will be good candidates for biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78430851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2021.31.34
Nur Sabrina Ahmad Azmi, Asma Adiba Hisham
Soil fungi possess a great number of potential benefits that could be applied in various fields. They are well-known for acting as plant-growth promoter, biocontrol agent of plant diseases and involves in bioremediation. In this study, the fungi were isolated from used agricultural soil in Glasshouse and Nursery Complex (GNC), International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang using serial dilution and plating techniques. Around 10 isolates of soil fungi were successfully isolated and the identification of all isolates were based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. The fungi were discovered to be from genus Cladorrhinum, Penicillium, Paecilomyces and Aspergillus.
土壤真菌具有许多潜在的效益，可以应用于各个领域。它们作为植物生长促进剂、植物病害生物防治剂和生物修复剂而闻名。本研究从马来西亚国际伊斯兰大学(International Islamic University Malaysia，简称GNC)、关丹、彭亨的温室和苗圃综合设施(Glasshouse and Nursery Complex，简称GNC)的农业用过土壤中，采用连续稀释和电镀技术分离到真菌。成功分离了10株土壤真菌，并根据其培养和形态特征对其进行了鉴定。这些真菌分别属于Cladorrhinum、Penicillium、Paecilomyces和Aspergillus。
{"title":"ISOLATION AND MORPHOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF SOIL FUNGI FROM AGRICULTURAL SOIL IN KUANTAN","authors":"Nur Sabrina Ahmad Azmi, Asma Adiba Hisham","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2021.31.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2021.31.34","url":null,"abstract":"Soil fungi possess a great number of potential benefits that could be applied in various fields. They are well-known for acting as plant-growth promoter, biocontrol agent of plant diseases and involves in bioremediation. In this study, the fungi were isolated from used agricultural soil in Glasshouse and Nursery Complex (GNC), International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang using serial dilution and plating techniques. Around 10 isolates of soil fungi were successfully isolated and the identification of all isolates were based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. The fungi were discovered to be from genus Cladorrhinum, Penicillium, Paecilomyces and Aspergillus.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72488127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2021.17.20
Ruth Oghenerukevwe Ulakpa Eyankware, M. Eyankware
Monitoring of water quality is needed from time to time to avoid outbreak of severe water borne disease. This article review previous literature on impact of waste dumpsites on water quality around Abakaliki and its environs, with emphasis on active and non-active dumpsite. Findings from reviewed article revealed that waste dumpsite sites close to water bodies or ways has altered water quality in Abakaliki urban, while groundwater is contaminated through leaching process. This groundwater contamination occurs mostly when waste dumpsite is sited close to borehole or hand-dug well. Based on reviewed literature it is advised that waste dumpsite should be sited distance away from residential buildings as the state government should also endeavor to continually monitor water quality for domestic use to avoid outbreak of various kind of water related disease.
{"title":"CONTAMINATION ASSESSMENT OF WATER RESOURCES AROUND WASTE DUMPSITES IN ABAKALIKI, NIGERIA; A MINI REVIEW","authors":"Ruth Oghenerukevwe Ulakpa Eyankware, M. Eyankware","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2021.17.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2021.17.20","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring of water quality is needed from time to time to avoid outbreak of severe water borne disease. This article review previous literature on impact of waste dumpsites on water quality around Abakaliki and its environs, with emphasis on active and non-active dumpsite. Findings from reviewed article revealed that waste dumpsite sites close to water bodies or ways has altered water quality in Abakaliki urban, while groundwater is contaminated through leaching process. This groundwater contamination occurs mostly when waste dumpsite is sited close to borehole or hand-dug well. Based on reviewed literature it is advised that waste dumpsite should be sited distance away from residential buildings as the state government should also endeavor to continually monitor water quality for domestic use to avoid outbreak of various kind of water related disease.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73279736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2021.21.26
M. R. Islam, M. Hasan, N. Akter, S. Akhtar
Recently, waterlogging damage of mungbean is most common in many mungbean growing areas of the world. The exogenous application of phytohormones cytokinin (CK) and gibberellic acid (GA) could be an effective way of managing mungbean under waterlogging stress. Therefore, we applied different levels of CK and GA at the onset of waterlogging and ten days after waterlogging, and the results were observed in waterlogged plants as compared to control. The CK and GA application showed much improvement in depressed morpho-physiological and yield-related traits and seed yield. However, the responses varied depending on the types and doses of CK and GA. The plant height and the number of leaves were higher in GA-applied plants than CK-treated plants. The GA responded more in shoot growth, whereas CK in root development under waterlogged situations. The application of CK at 150 mg/L displayed the highest 33.9% yield advantage. It reveals that exogenous CK could be a good management practice in areas prone to waterlogging stress for attaining better yield in mungbean.
{"title":"CYTOKININ AND GIBBERELLIC ACID ALLEVIATE THE EFFECT OF WATERLOGGING IN MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATA L. WILCZEK)","authors":"M. R. Islam, M. Hasan, N. Akter, S. Akhtar","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2021.21.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2021.21.26","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, waterlogging damage of mungbean is most common in many mungbean growing areas of the world. The exogenous application of phytohormones cytokinin (CK) and gibberellic acid (GA) could be an effective way of managing mungbean under waterlogging stress. Therefore, we applied different levels of CK and GA at the onset of waterlogging and ten days after waterlogging, and the results were observed in waterlogged plants as compared to control. The CK and GA application showed much improvement in depressed morpho-physiological and yield-related traits and seed yield. However, the responses varied depending on the types and doses of CK and GA. The plant height and the number of leaves were higher in GA-applied plants than CK-treated plants. The GA responded more in shoot growth, whereas CK in root development under waterlogged situations. The application of CK at 150 mg/L displayed the highest 33.9% yield advantage. It reveals that exogenous CK could be a good management practice in areas prone to waterlogging stress for attaining better yield in mungbean.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76049982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2021.35.38
M. Ibrahim, A. Husin, N. Ngah, N. Zakaria
Antibacterial activity of synthetically synthesized benzoyl thiourea and halobenzoyl thiourea bearing α-alanine and β-alanine compounds were investigated against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative bacteria (Esherichia coli). The study of antibacterial activity of the compounds was conducted by using the disc diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) as well as minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). The results indicate that 4-fluorobenzoylthiourea α-alanine, benzoylthiourea α-alanine, 4-fluorobenzoylthiourea β-alanine, 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea β-alanine, 4-bromobenzoylthiourea β-alanine, and benzoylthiourea β-alanine possess weak to strong antibacterial activity on all of tested bacteria. The strongest antibacterial activity was found in the 4-fluorobenzoylthiourea α-alanine, whereas the weakest antibacterial activity was exhibited in 4-fluorobenzoylthiourea β-alanine. S. aureus was found the most susceptible toward these thiourea derivatives, indicating bactericidal activity against the bacteria.
{"title":"ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF BENZOYL AND HALOBENZOYL THIOUREA BEARING α- AND β-ALANINE","authors":"M. Ibrahim, A. Husin, N. Ngah, N. Zakaria","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2021.35.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2021.35.38","url":null,"abstract":"Antibacterial activity of synthetically synthesized benzoyl thiourea and halobenzoyl thiourea bearing α-alanine and β-alanine compounds were investigated against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative bacteria (Esherichia coli). The study of antibacterial activity of the compounds was conducted by using the disc diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) as well as minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). The results indicate that 4-fluorobenzoylthiourea α-alanine, benzoylthiourea α-alanine, 4-fluorobenzoylthiourea β-alanine, 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea β-alanine, 4-bromobenzoylthiourea β-alanine, and benzoylthiourea β-alanine possess weak to strong antibacterial activity on all of tested bacteria. The strongest antibacterial activity was found in the 4-fluorobenzoylthiourea α-alanine, whereas the weakest antibacterial activity was exhibited in 4-fluorobenzoylthiourea β-alanine. S. aureus was found the most susceptible toward these thiourea derivatives, indicating bactericidal activity against the bacteria.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87094873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2021.05.09
M. Akram, H. Rashid, A. Nasir, Kiran Khursheed
To address the global issue of water scarcity, untreated wastewater irrigation has become a common practice in the developing countries to meet the emerging demand of irrigation water. It is a common practice in Pakistan as well to apply municipal wastewater for irrigation purposes, which is carrying high concentrations of heavy metals originating from industrial sources. The research was conducted in Chak Jhumra, Faisalabad, Pakistan to check the effect on health due to untreated wastewater. The purpose of this research work was to find out the concentrations of hazardous elements present in the wastewater and conduct health risk assessment of utilizing the contaminated vegetables, being grown on untreated effluent. The main parameters to be investigated for groundwater, wastewater, soil and vegetables were EC, TSS, SAR and Heavy metals like (Ni, Zn, Pb, and Cu). Concentrations of the targeted heavy metals were determined in these media and health risk assessment was conducted. It was finally concluded that the soil properties were greatly influenced by the supply of this wastewater. Zinc was found above safe limit, Cu was found within safe limit, Ni and Pb were above critical limits in all sites. Groundwater was found suitable and its values were within safe limits. Health risk assessment has also exhibited significant impact of the concentrations of heavy metals in the vegetables being utilized by the common man.
{"title":"HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION LEVELS IN GREEN CHILLI DUE TO UNTREATED WASTEWATER IRRIGATION IN CHAK JHUMRA, FAISALABAD","authors":"M. Akram, H. Rashid, A. Nasir, Kiran Khursheed","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2021.05.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2021.05.09","url":null,"abstract":"To address the global issue of water scarcity, untreated wastewater irrigation has become a common practice in the developing countries to meet the emerging demand of irrigation water. It is a common practice in Pakistan as well to apply municipal wastewater for irrigation purposes, which is carrying high concentrations of heavy metals originating from industrial sources. The research was conducted in Chak Jhumra, Faisalabad, Pakistan to check the effect on health due to untreated wastewater. The purpose of this research work was to find out the concentrations of hazardous elements present in the wastewater and conduct health risk assessment of utilizing the contaminated vegetables, being grown on untreated effluent. The main parameters to be investigated for groundwater, wastewater, soil and vegetables were EC, TSS, SAR and Heavy metals like (Ni, Zn, Pb, and Cu). Concentrations of the targeted heavy metals were determined in these media and health risk assessment was conducted. It was finally concluded that the soil properties were greatly influenced by the supply of this wastewater. Zinc was found above safe limit, Cu was found within safe limit, Ni and Pb were above critical limits in all sites. Groundwater was found suitable and its values were within safe limits. Health risk assessment has also exhibited significant impact of the concentrations of heavy metals in the vegetables being utilized by the common man.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87150499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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