Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.23.26
M. Marufuzzaman, Sandra Ligong, L. Mohd Sidek, H. Basri, N. Mohd Dom
Sediment related disaster is the most significant natural disaster in Malaysia and many countries in this world from the perspective of magnitude, damage and loss to human life and infrastructure as well as disruption to socio-economic activities. Debris, mud flood, landslide and cliff failure are some of the major catastrophic problems and became a history for the country especially Cameron Highlands in a state of Pahang. As rainfall is the main culprit to sediment-related disaster occurrences, therefore the rainfall data is very crucial to be used in the correlation of the occurred events. Due to that fact, several studies worldwide have been made to estimate critical rainfall conditions and this being useful to draw the benchmark to predict the occurrences of the landslide specifically for DMF and shallow landslides. This paper discussed the development of the rainfall threshold in Malaysia by compiling the framework of the threshold to determine the lesson learned as well as the way forward. As Malaysia needs to move at a faster pace towards embracing the whole aspects in determining the threshold as well to implement it into the operational threshold, therefore the first step is very important to initiate the momentum while the collaboration or networking among government agencies in National Disaster Risk Reduction (DDR) should be enhanced and strengthened.
{"title":"AN APPLICATION OF RAINFALL THRESHOLD FOR SEDIMENT RELATED DISASTER IN MALAYSIA, ISSUES AND CHALLENGES","authors":"M. Marufuzzaman, Sandra Ligong, L. Mohd Sidek, H. Basri, N. Mohd Dom","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.23.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.23.26","url":null,"abstract":"Sediment related disaster is the most significant natural disaster in Malaysia and many countries in this world from the perspective of magnitude, damage and loss to human life and infrastructure as well as disruption to socio-economic activities. Debris, mud flood, landslide and cliff failure are some of the major catastrophic problems and became a history for the country especially Cameron Highlands in a state of Pahang. As rainfall is the main culprit to sediment-related disaster occurrences, therefore the rainfall data is very crucial to be used in the correlation of the occurred events. Due to that fact, several studies worldwide have been made to estimate critical rainfall conditions and this being useful to draw the benchmark to predict the occurrences of the landslide specifically for DMF and shallow landslides. This paper discussed the development of the rainfall threshold in Malaysia by compiling the framework of the threshold to determine the lesson learned as well as the way forward. As Malaysia needs to move at a faster pace towards embracing the whole aspects in determining the threshold as well to implement it into the operational threshold, therefore the first step is very important to initiate the momentum while the collaboration or networking among government agencies in National Disaster Risk Reduction (DDR) should be enhanced and strengthened.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88979595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.40.45
E. Lubis, M. ., F. .
The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) as international system for biodiversity conservation stated that all botanical garden should conserve endangered biodiversity. In this context, the IUCN publish the IUCN’s Red List every year; in the year 2021 for example only around 35,765 species or 28% out of 75% conserved in ex-situ conservation or botanical garden. Indonesia has been developed further the notion through Presidential Decree No. 93/2011 that accommodated Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Target 8 stated that at least 75 per cent of threatened plant species in ex- situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and at least 20 percent available for recovery and restoration programs. From previous study, two out of six botanical gardens managed by the Government implemented the Target varied. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate others including The Cibinong Science Center Botanical Garden (CSCBG). The study used qualitative method combined with policy approach through interview and observation with Miles and Hubermen approach for analysis. The result shows that the Gardens has not accommodated the policy yet, however the Garden has introduced technology with more than 6.000 species equipped with barcode. The collection is mainly Indonesia tropical plants specifically flora at lowland. Therefore, to strengthening policy of ex-situ conservation in the CSBG needs further policies: (a) coordination among and within related actors, (b) integration of biodiversity conservation into socio-economic sectors, (c) adequacy and sufficiency of funds, and (d) governance and stakeholder participation.
{"title":"STRENGTHENING POLICY OF EX-SITU BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT CONSERVATION PREVENTING BIODIVERSITY LOSS IN CIBINONG SCIENCE CENTER BOTANICAL GARDEN","authors":"E. Lubis, M. ., F. .","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.40.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.40.45","url":null,"abstract":"The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) as international system for biodiversity conservation stated that all botanical garden should conserve endangered biodiversity. In this context, the IUCN publish the IUCN’s Red List every year; in the year 2021 for example only around 35,765 species or 28% out of 75% conserved in ex-situ conservation or botanical garden. Indonesia has been developed further the notion through Presidential Decree No. 93/2011 that accommodated Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Target 8 stated that at least 75 per cent of threatened plant species in ex- situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and at least 20 percent available for recovery and restoration programs. From previous study, two out of six botanical gardens managed by the Government implemented the Target varied. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate others including The Cibinong Science Center Botanical Garden (CSCBG). The study used qualitative method combined with policy approach through interview and observation with Miles and Hubermen approach for analysis. The result shows that the Gardens has not accommodated the policy yet, however the Garden has introduced technology with more than 6.000 species equipped with barcode. The collection is mainly Indonesia tropical plants specifically flora at lowland. Therefore, to strengthening policy of ex-situ conservation in the CSBG needs further policies: (a) coordination among and within related actors, (b) integration of biodiversity conservation into socio-economic sectors, (c) adequacy and sufficiency of funds, and (d) governance and stakeholder participation.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81441167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.05.07
Muhammad Shahzaib, Shahbaz Nasir Khan
Water purification for human consumption purposes consists in the removal of different contaminants as chemicals (i.e., pollutants, toxic metals), biological contaminants (algae, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses), suspended solids, and gases. But we will use simple method to clean water which has algae, parasites activities, etc. by simple gravel, sand, and earthen materials. Filtration is the process in which the solid particles are removed in a liquid or gaseous fluid are removed by use of filter medium. And control the amount of TDS, EC, pH, and other parameters. We applied simple law of physics that is gravity. We filtered the wastewater from tube containing layer of earthen materials and lastly, we filtered the semi cleaned water from UV membranes (Nano membrane). We used three boxes in which 1st box had small gravels and in other 2nd box had sand and charcoal passed through water from these medium and final products collect in 3rd box and checked the different medias of water. This experiment was performed with different sources of water, and this gave good results with good efficiency of medias like TDS, EC, PH etc. this experiment is performed with low income and with the help of natural coagulants.
{"title":"PURIFYING WASTEWATER USING EARTHEN MATERIALS AND NANO MEMBRANES","authors":"Muhammad Shahzaib, Shahbaz Nasir Khan","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.05.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.05.07","url":null,"abstract":"Water purification for human consumption purposes consists in the removal of different contaminants as chemicals (i.e., pollutants, toxic metals), biological contaminants (algae, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses), suspended solids, and gases. But we will use simple method to clean water which has algae, parasites activities, etc. by simple gravel, sand, and earthen materials. Filtration is the process in which the solid particles are removed in a liquid or gaseous fluid are removed by use of filter medium. And control the amount of TDS, EC, pH, and other parameters. We applied simple law of physics that is gravity. We filtered the wastewater from tube containing layer of earthen materials and lastly, we filtered the semi cleaned water from UV membranes (Nano membrane). We used three boxes in which 1st box had small gravels and in other 2nd box had sand and charcoal passed through water from these medium and final products collect in 3rd box and checked the different medias of water. This experiment was performed with different sources of water, and this gave good results with good efficiency of medias like TDS, EC, PH etc. this experiment is performed with low income and with the help of natural coagulants.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72604054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.62.65
Shahbaz Nasir Khan, M. Mohsin, Muhammad Farooq Anwar
Direct and indirect disposal of different wastes either due to some accidental spillage or due to practicing of sewage sludge to agricultural fields for diverse reasons in the water reservoirs contributes towards contamination of our ecosystem. Physical removal or immobilization is required for making soil and water contaminant-free from such kind of heavy metals. The Earth crust is mainly composed of these heavy metals and as they are non-degradable in nature, so there is a greater risk of their entrance into the food web and lead to various health hazards. Phytoremediation is an innovative, environment friendly, cost-effective, and aesthetically pleasing approach to remove/immobilize heavy metals. Processes mainly involves the detoxification, removal, or stabilization of retentive pollutants via utilization of vegetation and is a green environmental-friendly tool for cleaning polluted soils. It is a broad-spectrum remediation mechanism in which several processes are involved as mentioned here includes phyto-stabilization, rhizo-filtration, rhizo-degradation, phyto-degradation, phyto-extraction, and phyto-volatilization. Use of aromatic non-edible plants is sustainable and the best treatment approach for the elimination of toxic metals. These plants are not removed directly by humans or animals like non-aromatic edible crops such as cereals, pulses, or vegetables. This research is entirely based on qualitative analysis with descriptive approach. The crops like mustard plant, sunflower, rapeseed etc. are effectively put in an application at sites with superficial contamination of organic or inorganic contaminants via the above-mentioned six techniques. Phytoremediation is a reliable reclaiming treatment and hence the most demanding remediation technology in the world.
{"title":"EFFICIENT REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS BY PHYTOREMEDIATION TECHNIQUES","authors":"Shahbaz Nasir Khan, M. Mohsin, Muhammad Farooq Anwar","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.62.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.62.65","url":null,"abstract":"Direct and indirect disposal of different wastes either due to some accidental spillage or due to practicing of sewage sludge to agricultural fields for diverse reasons in the water reservoirs contributes towards contamination of our ecosystem. Physical removal or immobilization is required for making soil and water contaminant-free from such kind of heavy metals. The Earth crust is mainly composed of these heavy metals and as they are non-degradable in nature, so there is a greater risk of their entrance into the food web and lead to various health hazards. Phytoremediation is an innovative, environment friendly, cost-effective, and aesthetically pleasing approach to remove/immobilize heavy metals. Processes mainly involves the detoxification, removal, or stabilization of retentive pollutants via utilization of vegetation and is a green environmental-friendly tool for cleaning polluted soils. It is a broad-spectrum remediation mechanism in which several processes are involved as mentioned here includes phyto-stabilization, rhizo-filtration, rhizo-degradation, phyto-degradation, phyto-extraction, and phyto-volatilization. Use of aromatic non-edible plants is sustainable and the best treatment approach for the elimination of toxic metals. These plants are not removed directly by humans or animals like non-aromatic edible crops such as cereals, pulses, or vegetables. This research is entirely based on qualitative analysis with descriptive approach. The crops like mustard plant, sunflower, rapeseed etc. are effectively put in an application at sites with superficial contamination of organic or inorganic contaminants via the above-mentioned six techniques. Phytoremediation is a reliable reclaiming treatment and hence the most demanding remediation technology in the world.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73996807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.54.61
G. Owusu-Boateng, Pious Kwame Nkuah
The suitability of the Fanoma River, a source of water used by the Sefwi Akontombra communities in the Western North Region of Ghana for drinking and agriculture, has been a concern since the quality status of the river is perceived as polluted, making it unsuitable for these designated uses. This gives credence to curiosity for research on the quality status of the river. The community’s awareness and understanding of issues related to anthropogenic perturbation and river health could be an important factor influencing the phenomenon. To address these problems, we assessed the physico-chemical, heavy metal, and bacteriological qualities of the river using the APHA protocols and also conducted a questionnaire survey of environmental awareness of the inhabitants, for management consideration. Results showed higher concentrations of phosphate (46.34 mg/L) nitrate (1.08 mg/L) than the WHO Guideline values. This resulted in high levels of BOD (56.17 mg/L) and COD (259.74 mg/L) that strip river water of dissolved oxygen (4.75 mg/L) through microbial degradation. High turbidity (15.78 mg/L), Fe (1.22 mg/L) and Cd (0.01 mg/L) resulted in high electrical conductivity (1608.76 μS/cm) and together with high TSS has imparted intense colour (63.86 mg/L) to the river. These suggest that the river is not suitable for the intended purposes, a situation attributable to a low level of education by the community and a misconception about issues related to river pollution. Collaborative stakeholder action through the design and implementation of education programmes is crucial to averting the phenomenon of pollution and conserving the river.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES ON THE QUALITY OF RIVER FANOMA IN SEFWI AKONTOMBRA IN THE WESTERN REGION OF GHANA","authors":"G. Owusu-Boateng, Pious Kwame Nkuah","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.54.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.54.61","url":null,"abstract":"The suitability of the Fanoma River, a source of water used by the Sefwi Akontombra communities in the Western North Region of Ghana for drinking and agriculture, has been a concern since the quality status of the river is perceived as polluted, making it unsuitable for these designated uses. This gives credence to curiosity for research on the quality status of the river. The community’s awareness and understanding of issues related to anthropogenic perturbation and river health could be an important factor influencing the phenomenon. To address these problems, we assessed the physico-chemical, heavy metal, and bacteriological qualities of the river using the APHA protocols and also conducted a questionnaire survey of environmental awareness of the inhabitants, for management consideration. Results showed higher concentrations of phosphate (46.34 mg/L) nitrate (1.08 mg/L) than the WHO Guideline values. This resulted in high levels of BOD (56.17 mg/L) and COD (259.74 mg/L) that strip river water of dissolved oxygen (4.75 mg/L) through microbial degradation. High turbidity (15.78 mg/L), Fe (1.22 mg/L) and Cd (0.01 mg/L) resulted in high electrical conductivity (1608.76 μS/cm) and together with high TSS has imparted intense colour (63.86 mg/L) to the river. These suggest that the river is not suitable for the intended purposes, a situation attributable to a low level of education by the community and a misconception about issues related to river pollution. Collaborative stakeholder action through the design and implementation of education programmes is crucial to averting the phenomenon of pollution and conserving the river.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89453924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water quality assessment research will go on despite the numerous research previously carried out because water quality is not constant and as exploration activities are being carried out around the world, the quality of water depreciates. The school environment represents an important setting and needs to be monitored as the students’ social habits and behaviors are learned at school. Every child has the right to be in a school that offers safe drinking water, healthy sanitation and hygiene education. There is therefore dire need to monitor drinking water quality provided by the school, for potability and sanitation regularly. A total of 40 drinking water samples were collected from 40 different secondary schools (27 day schools and 13 boarding schools), randomly selected within the Port Harcourt Metropolis, and analyzed using standard analytical techniques. To achieve the aim of this research work, an already delineated map of Port Harcourt Metropolis, into 13 zones, by the Survey Department was used. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters were determined to ascertain how safe the water is for direct consumption. Descriptive statistical analysis using Microsoft Excel 2013 Version was adopted to determine parameter concentration trends across the study area. Some of the results obtained are at variance with the Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON) and World Health Organisation (WHO) standards for potable water. The pH values ranged from 3.78 – 7.72 with a mean value of 5.75. About 40% of the samples met WHO and SON minimum acceptable limit of 6.5 – 8.5. The reported pH range for 60% of the water samples showed that the drinking water in some secondary schools is acidic and well below the stipulated range of 6.5 – 8.5 for drinking purposes. The implication is that drinking water in most secondary schools in Port Harcourt Metropolis is acidic. All other physico-chemical parameters fall within WHO and SON standard for drinking water except for Magnesium. 67% of the samples had elevated values that ranged from 0.27 – 3.38mg/l, above (up to 12 times) the allowable limit stipulated by WHO and SON. All heavy metals present in the water samples were within the WHO and SON limits, making the water virtually free from dangers to the human body posed by the presence of heavy metals in water. The water samples were also free from total coliform bacteria and faecal coliform bacteria. However, the results showed the presence of total heterotrophic bacteria to a harmful quantity (well above 10cfu/ml which is the allowable limit by SON) in 30% of the water samples. This suggests that drinking water in 30% of the schools is not fit for human consumption. The study recommends installation of treatment plants in every day and boarding secondary schools. This is to facilitate the treatment of drinking water, for acidity and bacteria, before consumption by the students. The acidity can also be treated by introducing baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) in meas
{"title":"WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR DRINKING AND SANITATION PURPOSES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN PORT HARCOURT METROPOLIS, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"Effiong, E.E., Ngah, S.A., Abam, T.K.S, Ubong, I.U","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.78.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.78.85","url":null,"abstract":"Water quality assessment research will go on despite the numerous research previously carried out because water quality is not constant and as exploration activities are being carried out around the world, the quality of water depreciates. The school environment represents an important setting and needs to be monitored as the students’ social habits and behaviors are learned at school. Every child has the right to be in a school that offers safe drinking water, healthy sanitation and hygiene education. There is therefore dire need to monitor drinking water quality provided by the school, for potability and sanitation regularly. A total of 40 drinking water samples were collected from 40 different secondary schools (27 day schools and 13 boarding schools), randomly selected within the Port Harcourt Metropolis, and analyzed using standard analytical techniques. To achieve the aim of this research work, an already delineated map of Port Harcourt Metropolis, into 13 zones, by the Survey Department was used. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters were determined to ascertain how safe the water is for direct consumption. Descriptive statistical analysis using Microsoft Excel 2013 Version was adopted to determine parameter concentration trends across the study area. Some of the results obtained are at variance with the Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON) and World Health Organisation (WHO) standards for potable water. The pH values ranged from 3.78 – 7.72 with a mean value of 5.75. About 40% of the samples met WHO and SON minimum acceptable limit of 6.5 – 8.5. The reported pH range for 60% of the water samples showed that the drinking water in some secondary schools is acidic and well below the stipulated range of 6.5 – 8.5 for drinking purposes. The implication is that drinking water in most secondary schools in Port Harcourt Metropolis is acidic. All other physico-chemical parameters fall within WHO and SON standard for drinking water except for Magnesium. 67% of the samples had elevated values that ranged from 0.27 – 3.38mg/l, above (up to 12 times) the allowable limit stipulated by WHO and SON. All heavy metals present in the water samples were within the WHO and SON limits, making the water virtually free from dangers to the human body posed by the presence of heavy metals in water. The water samples were also free from total coliform bacteria and faecal coliform bacteria. However, the results showed the presence of total heterotrophic bacteria to a harmful quantity (well above 10cfu/ml which is the allowable limit by SON) in 30% of the water samples. This suggests that drinking water in 30% of the schools is not fit for human consumption. The study recommends installation of treatment plants in every day and boarding secondary schools. This is to facilitate the treatment of drinking water, for acidity and bacteria, before consumption by the students. The acidity can also be treated by introducing baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) in meas","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86694395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.39.46
Onwuadiochi, I. C., Onyeanusi, C. C., Mage, J. O.
Rainfall variability and agricultural sustainability have been of major concern to the Climatologists, Agriculturists and farmers in general. The net potential effect of severe changes in rainfall pattern is the disruption in crop production leading to food insecurity, joblessness and poverty. As a major concern to increase food production, this study seeks to assess the rainfall variability in Owerri City with a view to enhancing agricultural sustainability. The study used rainfall data (1981-2018) from Nigerian Meteorological Agency. Correlation and Regression techniques were employed for analysis. The result shows that there is no significant relationship between the number of rainy days and annual amount of rainfall. Also, there is no significant relationship between the length of rainy season and number of rainy days in the study area. The study also shows four years forecast of rainfall in the study area. The result shows an evidence and upsurge of low agricultural produce, food insecurity and hunger in the nearest future, and therefore recommends some sustainable agricultural practices that can boost yield, good health and healthy environment and reduce the effect of climate change.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF RAINFALL VARIABILITY FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN OWERRI, IMO STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"Onwuadiochi, I. C., Onyeanusi, C. C., Mage, J. O.","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.39.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.39.46","url":null,"abstract":"Rainfall variability and agricultural sustainability have been of major concern to the Climatologists, Agriculturists and farmers in general. The net potential effect of severe changes in rainfall pattern is the disruption in crop production leading to food insecurity, joblessness and poverty. As a major concern to increase food production, this study seeks to assess the rainfall variability in Owerri City with a view to enhancing agricultural sustainability. The study used rainfall data (1981-2018) from Nigerian Meteorological Agency. Correlation and Regression techniques were employed for analysis. The result shows that there is no significant relationship between the number of rainy days and annual amount of rainfall. Also, there is no significant relationship between the length of rainy season and number of rainy days in the study area. The study also shows four years forecast of rainfall in the study area. The result shows an evidence and upsurge of low agricultural produce, food insecurity and hunger in the nearest future, and therefore recommends some sustainable agricultural practices that can boost yield, good health and healthy environment and reduce the effect of climate change.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84503272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.47.53
F. F. Akinola, T. Osadare, Sunday Adebayo
This research was conducted to assess the physical characteristics of soil as influenced by croplands (CP), forests (FOR), tree crop plantation (TCP) and woodland/grasslands (WGS) land use types in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria. Soil sampling and field experiments were carried out across the different land uses and land cover types. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used where there were “within the treatment variation” and “between the treatment variations”. Field experiments were carried out in 40 different locations in Ekiti State and surface composite disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected to depths of 30 cm from the study areas. Three sampling points were randomly selected per field location (approximately 20 m apart). The soil of the study area was predominantly sandy clay loam. Land use types did not have significant effect on the soil pH (p>0.05). The highest mean porosity value was recorded in FOR soils (45.01%) while WGS had the least mean value (38.87%). The bulk density of the different land uses reduced from WGS to FOR in the order WGS > TCP > CP > FOR. There was significantly higher WHC (p < 0.05) in FOR than other land use types (TCP, CP and WGS). Forest (FOR) land use type had the highest mean VMC, while the WGS land use type had the least. The average DOC of CP, FOR, TCP and WGS is 87.93%, 86.44%, 88.54%, and 89.15%, respectively. Results from the research showed that forest soil is optimum for agricultural practices due its high porosity and low compaction characteristics.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT LAND USE TYPES ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL IN EKITI- STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"F. F. Akinola, T. Osadare, Sunday Adebayo","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.47.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.47.53","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to assess the physical characteristics of soil as influenced by croplands (CP), forests (FOR), tree crop plantation (TCP) and woodland/grasslands (WGS) land use types in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria. Soil sampling and field experiments were carried out across the different land uses and land cover types. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used where there were “within the treatment variation” and “between the treatment variations”. Field experiments were carried out in 40 different locations in Ekiti State and surface composite disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected to depths of 30 cm from the study areas. Three sampling points were randomly selected per field location (approximately 20 m apart). The soil of the study area was predominantly sandy clay loam. Land use types did not have significant effect on the soil pH (p>0.05). The highest mean porosity value was recorded in FOR soils (45.01%) while WGS had the least mean value (38.87%). The bulk density of the different land uses reduced from WGS to FOR in the order WGS > TCP > CP > FOR. There was significantly higher WHC (p < 0.05) in FOR than other land use types (TCP, CP and WGS). Forest (FOR) land use type had the highest mean VMC, while the WGS land use type had the least. The average DOC of CP, FOR, TCP and WGS is 87.93%, 86.44%, 88.54%, and 89.15%, respectively. Results from the research showed that forest soil is optimum for agricultural practices due its high porosity and low compaction characteristics.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82080174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.62.67
L. Kaur, Shivani Rajpurohit
Waste as one of the major environmental issues in the current world can be seen scattered ubiquitously. There is a dire need to properly manage the waste due to the negative effects on public and environmental health. The present study aims to do analysis of the solid waste management practices in Bikaner municipal area (Rajasthan). Solid waste samples were collected from 10 selected locations of the study area. Physical composition and physicochemical parameters of solid waste were determined. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, moisture content and organic matter of solid waste were analyzed by using the standard methods. Organic matter made the highest content (27% to 76%) in the composition of all solid wastes. However, glass, metal and wood comprised the lowest content (1%). The pH range of samples was 5.1 to 7.5. Water holding capacity (%) was below 100 in all the samples though organic carbon ranged from 15.4 % to 19.6 %. Goga gate dumping site showed the highest solid waste content. It was found that waste management practices in Bikaner municipal area are not sustainable yet due to improper waste collection, waste dumping and lack of awareness among people. Solid waste need to be segregated at the source and segregation of recyclable waste should also be done for effective waste management. The organic fractions of solid waste could be utilized in composting.
{"title":"SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN BIKANER CITY, RAJASTHAN (INDIA)","authors":"L. Kaur, Shivani Rajpurohit","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.62.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.62.67","url":null,"abstract":"Waste as one of the major environmental issues in the current world can be seen scattered ubiquitously. There is a dire need to properly manage the waste due to the negative effects on public and environmental health. The present study aims to do analysis of the solid waste management practices in Bikaner municipal area (Rajasthan). Solid waste samples were collected from 10 selected locations of the study area. Physical composition and physicochemical parameters of solid waste were determined. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, moisture content and organic matter of solid waste were analyzed by using the standard methods. Organic matter made the highest content (27% to 76%) in the composition of all solid wastes. However, glass, metal and wood comprised the lowest content (1%). The pH range of samples was 5.1 to 7.5. Water holding capacity (%) was below 100 in all the samples though organic carbon ranged from 15.4 % to 19.6 %. Goga gate dumping site showed the highest solid waste content. It was found that waste management practices in Bikaner municipal area are not sustainable yet due to improper waste collection, waste dumping and lack of awareness among people. Solid waste need to be segregated at the source and segregation of recyclable waste should also be done for effective waste management. The organic fractions of solid waste could be utilized in composting.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89475641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.54.57
Dayo-Olagbende, G.O., Akingbola, O.O.
The ability of humus to suppress the radioactivity of particular radionuclides that could be hazardous to soil health is examined in this review. Industrial and agricultural processes discharge radionuclides into the soil. This, in turn, has an impact on a variety of soil processes, particularly biological activities. The radioactivity of these radionuclides can be suppressed using humus, which is obtained through the decomposition process.
{"title":"HUMUS: A MEANS OF ATTENUATING RADIONUCLIDES IN SOILS","authors":"Dayo-Olagbende, G.O., Akingbola, O.O.","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.54.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2021.54.57","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of humus to suppress the radioactivity of particular radionuclides that could be hazardous to soil health is examined in this review. Industrial and agricultural processes discharge radionuclides into the soil. This, in turn, has an impact on a variety of soil processes, particularly biological activities. The radioactivity of these radionuclides can be suppressed using humus, which is obtained through the decomposition process.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"46 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72458538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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