Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.27.32
Nzube Thaddeus Egboka, Leonard Chimaobi Agim, Michael Akaninyene Okon, Nnaemeka Henry Okoli, Akaninyene Isaiah Afangide, Philomena Nkem Okonjo
Cropping pattern exerts significant impact on the population density of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and on soil properties. The study examined the population of indigenous AMF communities as well as status of soil properties under different cropping systems in Aluu, Rivers state, Nigeria. Two farm sites of mono cropping and mixed cropping systems and a fallow land (which served as control) were sampled at 0 – 20 cm depth of soil. Soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory for their physical and chemical properties as well as for the estimation of AMF spore density and resulting data were analyzed statistically. Result shows that, soils of the mono cropping and mixed cropping systems are moderately acidic with mean pH values of 5.80 and 5.74, respectively, while the fallow land exhibits a strongly acid soil reaction (pH = 5.29). Concentrations of organic C (9.25 g kg-1), total N (0.97 g kg-1), exchangeable Ca2+ (3.63 cmol kg-1), available P (13.31 mg kg-1) and C:N ratio (7.87) as recorded in the mixed cropping system, were generally higher than the corresponding results in the fallow and mono cropping systems. Spore population of the AMF varied significantly (P < 0.05) across the cropping systems and was highest in the mixed cropping (157 spores 100 g-1 soil) followed by the fallow (144 spores 100 g-1 soil) while the mono cropping (123 spores 100 g-1 soil) had the lowest spore density. Significant negative (P < 0.05) correlations occurred between AMF spore population and soil pH in both the fallow (r = 0.689*) and mixed cropping (-0.670*) systems whereas correlation with C:N ratio was positively significant (P < 0.01) across the cropping systems. Adoption of mixed cropping rather than mono cropping practices should be encouraged in the studied area in order to enjoy maximum benefits of mycorrhizal symbiosis.
{"title":"POPULATION DENSITY OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS AS AFFECTED BY CROPPING SYSTEMS","authors":"Nzube Thaddeus Egboka, Leonard Chimaobi Agim, Michael Akaninyene Okon, Nnaemeka Henry Okoli, Akaninyene Isaiah Afangide, Philomena Nkem Okonjo","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.27.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.27.32","url":null,"abstract":"Cropping pattern exerts significant impact on the population density of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and on soil properties. The study examined the population of indigenous AMF communities as well as status of soil properties under different cropping systems in Aluu, Rivers state, Nigeria. Two farm sites of mono cropping and mixed cropping systems and a fallow land (which served as control) were sampled at 0 – 20 cm depth of soil. Soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory for their physical and chemical properties as well as for the estimation of AMF spore density and resulting data were analyzed statistically. Result shows that, soils of the mono cropping and mixed cropping systems are moderately acidic with mean pH values of 5.80 and 5.74, respectively, while the fallow land exhibits a strongly acid soil reaction (pH = 5.29). Concentrations of organic C (9.25 g kg-1), total N (0.97 g kg-1), exchangeable Ca2+ (3.63 cmol kg-1), available P (13.31 mg kg-1) and C:N ratio (7.87) as recorded in the mixed cropping system, were generally higher than the corresponding results in the fallow and mono cropping systems. Spore population of the AMF varied significantly (P < 0.05) across the cropping systems and was highest in the mixed cropping (157 spores 100 g-1 soil) followed by the fallow (144 spores 100 g-1 soil) while the mono cropping (123 spores 100 g-1 soil) had the lowest spore density. Significant negative (P < 0.05) correlations occurred between AMF spore population and soil pH in both the fallow (r = 0.689*) and mixed cropping (-0.670*) systems whereas correlation with C:N ratio was positively significant (P < 0.01) across the cropping systems. Adoption of mixed cropping rather than mono cropping practices should be encouraged in the studied area in order to enjoy maximum benefits of mycorrhizal symbiosis.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"3 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90808906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research was conducted within January 2020 – January 2021 at the arable soils of Rigachikun-Kaduna, Northern Guinea Savanna and intended to study the micronutrient dynamics and relationships with some studied soil properties. Previously harvested maize, cowpea and rice soils (designated as Locations A, B and C respectively) were delineated, and three profile pits dug in each along the line of transect of about 100 m apart. A total of nine profile pits were dug in the three delineations and samples collected from each pit according to their horizonations. The use of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was employed to study the terrain characteristics of the location. Major micronutrients investigated were Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn. Virtually all micronutrients decreased down the profile in all studied locations with Cu and Zn displaying an irregular trend in all pedons of rice harvested soils in location C. Also Fe rather increased in pedon 1 of location C as well. Cu had positive and non-significant correlation with other micronutrients (Fe and Zn), it however had a significant relationship with Mn. With respect to other soil properties investigated, Cu maintained a negative non-significant correlations. Fe had a positive and highly significant correlation with Mn and Zn. Also, Fe had a significant and negative correlation with organic matter but positive with available phosphorus. Fe was positively but non-significantly correlated with other soil properties such as clay, Ca, Mg, and total exchangeable bases (TEB). There was however, a non-significant and negative correlations of Fe with soil pH, K, Na as well as total exchangeable acidity (TEA). Mn only had significant and positive correlations with all other micronutrients (Cu, Fe and Zn) but non-significantly correlated with other soil properties. Micronutrients were all low to a deficiency level considering their critical limits in the tropical soils. Low organic matter content of soils of Rigachikun may have contributed to low micronutrient reserve of the soils. Activities that will conserve organic matter such as accumulation of litter from harvested crops and alternative means of cattle rearing such ranching rather than freelance grazing should be employed, as efforts to replenish micronutrients through fertilization has not yielded the desired results.
{"title":"MICRONUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN RELATION TO SOIL PROPERTIES IN ARABLE SOILS OF RIGACHIKUN-KADUNA, NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH, NIGERIA","authors":"Sunday Nathaniel Obasi, Grace E. Jokthan, Chiamaka Chinasa Obasi, Chike Onyeka Madueke","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.14.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.14.22","url":null,"abstract":"The research was conducted within January 2020 – January 2021 at the arable soils of Rigachikun-Kaduna, Northern Guinea Savanna and intended to study the micronutrient dynamics and relationships with some studied soil properties. Previously harvested maize, cowpea and rice soils (designated as Locations A, B and C respectively) were delineated, and three profile pits dug in each along the line of transect of about 100 m apart. A total of nine profile pits were dug in the three delineations and samples collected from each pit according to their horizonations. The use of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was employed to study the terrain characteristics of the location. Major micronutrients investigated were Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn. Virtually all micronutrients decreased down the profile in all studied locations with Cu and Zn displaying an irregular trend in all pedons of rice harvested soils in location C. Also Fe rather increased in pedon 1 of location C as well. Cu had positive and non-significant correlation with other micronutrients (Fe and Zn), it however had a significant relationship with Mn. With respect to other soil properties investigated, Cu maintained a negative non-significant correlations. Fe had a positive and highly significant correlation with Mn and Zn. Also, Fe had a significant and negative correlation with organic matter but positive with available phosphorus. Fe was positively but non-significantly correlated with other soil properties such as clay, Ca, Mg, and total exchangeable bases (TEB). There was however, a non-significant and negative correlations of Fe with soil pH, K, Na as well as total exchangeable acidity (TEA). Mn only had significant and positive correlations with all other micronutrients (Cu, Fe and Zn) but non-significantly correlated with other soil properties. Micronutrients were all low to a deficiency level considering their critical limits in the tropical soils. Low organic matter content of soils of Rigachikun may have contributed to low micronutrient reserve of the soils. Activities that will conserve organic matter such as accumulation of litter from harvested crops and alternative means of cattle rearing such ranching rather than freelance grazing should be employed, as efforts to replenish micronutrients through fertilization has not yielded the desired results.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88162684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.01.04
Fizah Saeed, Najam us Saqib, Tarique Aziz
Chotiari was a natural wetland before the construction of the reservoir. In 1994 wetland was converted into a reservoir to develop a water source for the people. But due to lack of proper attention this reservoir promoted waterlogging and salinity problems instead. The goal of this study is to investigate the variation that occurred on the land cover of the Chotiari wetland and surrounding area, before and after the construction of the reservoir. Satellite images of Chotiari reservoir and its buffer up to 5 km area of 1990 and 2019 were taken. The study was conducted at USPCASW (United States Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water) Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro. In the study, compositing was done by GIS (Geographical Information Systems) to join the bands of images of 1990 and 2019 for observing changes. After extracting the required shapefile of the Chotiari reservoir and its buffer, unsupervised classification was done for three classes: water, vegetation, and barren land. The difference in areas of water, vegetation, and barren land was calculated by superimposing both the images and joining all the bands of Landsat 5 image and Landsat 9 image. By comparing results of both years, a 12% increase in water availability was found whereas 8% and 4% net reduction was found in both vegetation and barren land, respectively. The main reason behind the increment of water quantity might be the construction of a reservoir. Moreover, it also affected the 5 km buffer area around the reservoir which resulted in a 9% reduction in water, 11% increment in vegetation, and 2% drop in the barren land.
{"title":"EFFECT OF MAN-MADE STRUCTURES ON NATURAL WETLANDS IN PAKISTAN: A CASE STUDY OF CHOTIARI RESERVOIR","authors":"Fizah Saeed, Najam us Saqib, Tarique Aziz","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Chotiari was a natural wetland before the construction of the reservoir. In 1994 wetland was converted into a reservoir to develop a water source for the people. But due to lack of proper attention this reservoir promoted waterlogging and salinity problems instead. The goal of this study is to investigate the variation that occurred on the land cover of the Chotiari wetland and surrounding area, before and after the construction of the reservoir. Satellite images of Chotiari reservoir and its buffer up to 5 km area of 1990 and 2019 were taken. The study was conducted at USPCASW (United States Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water) Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro. In the study, compositing was done by GIS (Geographical Information Systems) to join the bands of images of 1990 and 2019 for observing changes. After extracting the required shapefile of the Chotiari reservoir and its buffer, unsupervised classification was done for three classes: water, vegetation, and barren land. The difference in areas of water, vegetation, and barren land was calculated by superimposing both the images and joining all the bands of Landsat 5 image and Landsat 9 image. By comparing results of both years, a 12% increase in water availability was found whereas 8% and 4% net reduction was found in both vegetation and barren land, respectively. The main reason behind the increment of water quantity might be the construction of a reservoir. Moreover, it also affected the 5 km buffer area around the reservoir which resulted in a 9% reduction in water, 11% increment in vegetation, and 2% drop in the barren land.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82451783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.75.77
Janaki Budha, Prativa Sapkota, A. Acharya, Rakshya Bhandari, Narendra B. Singh
Farmers are using pesticides without or with little knowledge about their doses, rate, waiting periods, residual health hazards, etc. It is necessary to have good knowledge of safe consumption for both producers and consumers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the residue percentage in vegetables that reach the central vegetable market, Kalimati fruits and vegetable market, Kathmandu, from where we collected a total of 80 samples with a purposive sampling method and tested in the laboratory, 40 samples were tested for organophosphate (OP), and 40 for carbamate (C) residue percentage, using the RBPR kit. The highest and lowest OP% were found in cauliflower of Dhading (77.09%C) and okra of Chitwan (0.11%C) respectively. The highest and lowest carbamate% were found in the bitter gourds of Dhading (22.82%) and okra of Chitwan (0.31%) respectively. Two samples of cauliflower (77.09% OP) and bitter gourd (50.13% OP) from Dhading were observed to have an inhibiting percentage of more than 45% which meant unsafe for consumption. This shows that among the 100% samples, 2.50% are unsafe for consumption and others are safe. For cent % safe consumption, the waiting period needs to be followed properly before harvesting and consumption.
{"title":"CARBAMATE AND ORGANOPHOSPHATE RESIDUE ANALYSIS IN VEGETABLES BY RAPID BIOASSAY PESTICIDE RESIDUE","authors":"Janaki Budha, Prativa Sapkota, A. Acharya, Rakshya Bhandari, Narendra B. Singh","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.75.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.75.77","url":null,"abstract":"Farmers are using pesticides without or with little knowledge about their doses, rate, waiting periods, residual health hazards, etc. It is necessary to have good knowledge of safe consumption for both producers and consumers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the residue percentage in vegetables that reach the central vegetable market, Kalimati fruits and vegetable market, Kathmandu, from where we collected a total of 80 samples with a purposive sampling method and tested in the laboratory, 40 samples were tested for organophosphate (OP), and 40 for carbamate (C) residue percentage, using the RBPR kit. The highest and lowest OP% were found in cauliflower of Dhading (77.09%C) and okra of Chitwan (0.11%C) respectively. The highest and lowest carbamate% were found in the bitter gourds of Dhading (22.82%) and okra of Chitwan (0.31%) respectively. Two samples of cauliflower (77.09% OP) and bitter gourd (50.13% OP) from Dhading were observed to have an inhibiting percentage of more than 45% which meant unsafe for consumption. This shows that among the 100% samples, 2.50% are unsafe for consumption and others are safe. For cent % safe consumption, the waiting period needs to be followed properly before harvesting and consumption.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79892131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.37.39
Janaki Budha, S. Bhatta
Boron is available in nature in rocks and deposits and the availability is influenced by soil organic matter, soil pH, soil texture, and temperature and is taken up by plants in non-ionic form H3BO3 (boric acid) but this concentration account for only about 10% of total soil boron leading to boron deficiency. Also, boron toxicity may occur in low rainfall, extremely alkaline, and saline soils harming plants’ growth and development. Boron shortage and toxicity in plants have a fairly narrow range, and both are detrimental. Hence, it is needed to critically balance boron homeostasis in cropping soil. The concentration of boron in cultivated soil in different agroecological regions was found to be low to very low (1mg/kg of soil) in this review study, which was undertaken to familiarize the status of boron in Nepalese cultivated land. In separate micronutrient investigations, a few additional micronutrients were shown to be medium albeit, boron was found to be low even in the valley (>0.01ppm) including all three ecological regions. This shows boron deficiency is a universal problem in Nepal affecting 80-90% of agricultural soil. And this problem can be corrected by both foliar applications and by soil application of boron sources such as borate as per the recommended dose.
{"title":"THE AVAILABILITY STATUS OF BORON IN THE CULTIVATED SOIL OF NEPAL","authors":"Janaki Budha, S. Bhatta","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.37.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.37.39","url":null,"abstract":"Boron is available in nature in rocks and deposits and the availability is influenced by soil organic matter, soil pH, soil texture, and temperature and is taken up by plants in non-ionic form H3BO3 (boric acid) but this concentration account for only about 10% of total soil boron leading to boron deficiency. Also, boron toxicity may occur in low rainfall, extremely alkaline, and saline soils harming plants’ growth and development. Boron shortage and toxicity in plants have a fairly narrow range, and both are detrimental. Hence, it is needed to critically balance boron homeostasis in cropping soil. The concentration of boron in cultivated soil in different agroecological regions was found to be low to very low (1mg/kg of soil) in this review study, which was undertaken to familiarize the status of boron in Nepalese cultivated land. In separate micronutrient investigations, a few additional micronutrients were shown to be medium albeit, boron was found to be low even in the valley (>0.01ppm) including all three ecological regions. This shows boron deficiency is a universal problem in Nepal affecting 80-90% of agricultural soil. And this problem can be corrected by both foliar applications and by soil application of boron sources such as borate as per the recommended dose.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75453878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.08.13
Mariya Kiran, M. Kiran, R. Brohi, Khan Muhammad Brohi, Shafquat Ali, A. Mahar
Elimination of Indigo carmine color by adsorption method on eggshell (ESP), date palm seeds (DPS) and papaya seeds powder (PSP) from watery arrangement was researched. The examination done by following group mode strategies, for example, dose mg/g, pH, focus, contact time and speed rpm separately. The surface reading examined through; FTIR-Fourier change electron microscopy, SEM-Scanning electron microscopy and EDS-Energy dispersive x-beam investigation. Best adsorption follows dynamic pseudo – second request motor plots. Adsorption isotherms best fitted in Langmuir and Freundlich plots. Results pronounced that most extreme expulsion of color was accomplished at powerful portion for ESP is 500mg, DPSP 100mg while for PSP is 80mg at enhanced pH3, utilizing 50mg/l convergence of color, contact time and 100speed rpm study performed at room temperature.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF COST-EFFECTIVE ADSORBENTS AGAINST THE REMOVAL OF DYE INDIGO CARMINE","authors":"Mariya Kiran, M. Kiran, R. Brohi, Khan Muhammad Brohi, Shafquat Ali, A. Mahar","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.08.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.08.13","url":null,"abstract":"Elimination of Indigo carmine color by adsorption method on eggshell (ESP), date palm seeds (DPS) and papaya seeds powder (PSP) from watery arrangement was researched. The examination done by following group mode strategies, for example, dose mg/g, pH, focus, contact time and speed rpm separately. The surface reading examined through; FTIR-Fourier change electron microscopy, SEM-Scanning electron microscopy and EDS-Energy dispersive x-beam investigation. Best adsorption follows dynamic pseudo – second request motor plots. Adsorption isotherms best fitted in Langmuir and Freundlich plots. Results pronounced that most extreme expulsion of color was accomplished at powerful portion for ESP is 500mg, DPSP 100mg while for PSP is 80mg at enhanced pH3, utilizing 50mg/l convergence of color, contact time and 100speed rpm study performed at room temperature.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90372669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.33.36
Fouziya mabrouk Samhoud, Entesar E. Aboglida, Sameer M. Yaseen, Ali Emran AL shteewi, Saba Z. Al-Abachi
The heavy metals mean serious hazard in environmental pollution. Some of them are vital for many organisms in a low concentration, however the others ought to be poisonous at low concentrations, too. This paper gives an example for the correlation of the attention in human hair and in the environment of different heavy metals. Human hair (n=50) Volunteers (35 males and 15 females) of different age groups between 1 to 57 years samples were collected in Al – Ajailat, Libya. Hair samples were analyzed for heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Zn) by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric technique (FAAS). The results showed that the samples concentrations ranged between 0.0001 and 0.3840 mg.kg−1 for cadmium, followed by zinc between 68.99 mg kg−1 and 225mg. kg−1while lead was between 0.632 mg kg−1 and 7.708mg. Kg−1. The results indicated that metal concentrations in male samples varied based on age, such that age group 33-43 years had the highest zinc concentration (206.2±11.6 mg/kg), and age group 1-10 years had the highest Cd (0.384±0.01 mg/kg) and Pb (1.929±0.05 mg/kg) concentrations. while, the cadmium and lead contents in children’s hair samples of both sexes was higher than compared to the values available in some countries. The difference between male and female concentration could be due to individual differences in exposure to heavy metal load as a result of habitual or environmental factors.
重金属是环境污染的严重危害。其中一些在低浓度下对许多生物是至关重要的，然而其他的在低浓度下也应该是有毒的。本文举例说明了不同重金属在人发中的关注度与环境中的相关性。在利比亚的Al - Ajailat收集了年龄在1至57岁之间的不同年龄段的志愿者(35名男性和15名女性)的样本。采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法(FAAS)对头发样品中的重金属Cd、Pb和Zn进行了分析。结果表明，样品的浓度范围为0.0001 ~ 0.3840 mg。镉为Kg - 1，其次是锌，在68.99 mg Kg - 1和225mg之间。而铅在0.632 mg Kg - 1和7.708mg Kg - 1之间。公斤−1。结果表明，男性样品中金属含量随年龄的变化而变化，其中33 ~ 43岁锌含量最高(206.2±11.6 mg/kg)， 1 ~ 10岁Cd含量最高(0.384±0.01 mg/kg)， Pb含量最高(1.929±0.05 mg/kg)。同时，儿童头发样本中的镉和铅含量高于一些国家的可用值。男性和女性之间的浓度差异可能是由于习惯或环境因素导致的接触重金属负荷的个体差异。
{"title":"DETERMINATION CADMIUM, LEAD AND ZINC IN HUMAN HAIR BY USING FLAME ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY (FAAS)","authors":"Fouziya mabrouk Samhoud, Entesar E. Aboglida, Sameer M. Yaseen, Ali Emran AL shteewi, Saba Z. Al-Abachi","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.33.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2022.33.36","url":null,"abstract":"The heavy metals mean serious hazard in environmental pollution. Some of them are vital for many organisms in a low concentration, however the others ought to be poisonous at low concentrations, too. This paper gives an example for the correlation of the attention in human hair and in the environment of different heavy metals. Human hair (n=50) Volunteers (35 males and 15 females) of different age groups between 1 to 57 years samples were collected in Al – Ajailat, Libya. Hair samples were analyzed for heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Zn) by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric technique (FAAS). The results showed that the samples concentrations ranged between 0.0001 and 0.3840 mg.kg−1 for cadmium, followed by zinc between 68.99 mg kg−1 and 225mg. kg−1while lead was between 0.632 mg kg−1 and 7.708mg. Kg−1. The results indicated that metal concentrations in male samples varied based on age, such that age group 33-43 years had the highest zinc concentration (206.2±11.6 mg/kg), and age group 1-10 years had the highest Cd (0.384±0.01 mg/kg) and Pb (1.929±0.05 mg/kg) concentrations. while, the cadmium and lead contents in children’s hair samples of both sexes was higher than compared to the values available in some countries. The difference between male and female concentration could be due to individual differences in exposure to heavy metal load as a result of habitual or environmental factors.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85106067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.51.53
Shunyao Zhang
The principle of plant suitability is of great significance to plant configuration. The plant configuration that meets the principle of plant suitability can have an excellent effect on the environment in both ecological effect and ornamental effect. However, the plant configuration that violates the principle of plant applicability can not only cause ecological damage to the environment, but also bring serious economic losses to the society. Nowadays, the unique value and characteristics of native plants have been gradually discovered by people, and native plants have begun to integrate into the urban landscape planning and design. The outstanding applicability of native plants has brought visible ecological and economic benefits to the urban environmental landscape. In plant allocation, we should give full consideration to the applicability characteristics of local plants, so that local plants can have a more positive impact on the environmental landscape and give play to the important value of local plants.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.66.74
Rama Talat Rashad
The main purpose of this laboratory study is to indicate the variation in some characteristics of the sandy, sandy calcareous, and clay soil under the effect of the magnetically treated tab and/or salt water. Salt water (SW, 2000-ppm) was prepared by dissolving the sodium chloride (NaCl) salt in tap water TW (2 g L-1). Tab water and/or SW were magnetically treated by passage through a permanent electromagnetic field of 14٫000 G (1.4 Tesla) strength for 10 min, and then allowed to percolate through a soil column continuously for 2 h. Some characteristics of the studied soil samples were estimated after the infiltrate of the magnetically (M) and non-magnetically (NM) treated TW and/or SW. The MSW has decreased the hydraulic conductivity (HC, m day-1) by 41.1, 12.8, and 51.4% compared to NMSW for sandy, sandy calcareous, and clay soil, respectively. Magnetic induction may affect the coagulation of the fine particles to form larger aggregates. For clay soil, MTW decreased the sum of fine particles by 40.5%, while the MSW decreased it by 28.75%, which may be a dispersing effect of NaCl soluble salt. The Zeta potential ζ values were slightly shifted by SW and MSW. The calculated electrophoretic mobility (U) of the colloidal particles has increased under the effect of the SW by 15.6%, 28.6%, and 58.1% for the sandy, sandy calcareous, and clay soil, respectively. Magnetized water may affect the soil properties positively and/or negatively depending on the soil class and the application conditions.
本实验室研究的主要目的是表明在磁化处理的tab和/或盐水的作用下，砂质、砂质钙质和粘土的某些特征的变化。将氯化钠(NaCl)盐溶解于自来水TW (2g L-1)中，制得2000-ppm的盐水SW。通过14٫000 G (1.4 Tesla)强度的永久电磁场对Tab water和/或SW进行磁化处理10 min，然后让其通过土柱连续渗透2 h。在磁化(M)和非磁化(NM)处理的TW和/或SW渗透后，对所研究的土壤样品的一些特性进行了估计。与NMSW相比，砂质、砂质钙质和粘土的水导率(HC, m day-1)分别降低了41.1%、12.8%和51.4%。磁感应可以影响细颗粒的凝聚形成更大的聚集体。对于粘土，MTW减少了40.5%的细颗粒总数，而MSW减少了28.75%，这可能是NaCl可溶性盐的分散作用。Zeta电位ζ值受到SW和MSW的轻微移动。在SW的作用下，砂质、砂质钙质和粘土中胶体粒子的计算电泳迁移率(U)分别提高了15.6%、28.6%和58.1%。磁化水可能对土壤性质产生积极和/或消极的影响，这取决于土壤类别和应用条件。
{"title":"STUDYING THE EFFECT OF MAGNETICALLY TREATED SALT WATER ON SOME CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SANDY, SANDY CALCAREOUS, AND CLAY SOIL","authors":"Rama Talat Rashad","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.66.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.66.74","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this laboratory study is to indicate the variation in some characteristics of the sandy, sandy calcareous, and clay soil under the effect of the magnetically treated tab and/or salt water. Salt water (SW, 2000-ppm) was prepared by dissolving the sodium chloride (NaCl) salt in tap water TW (2 g L-1). Tab water and/or SW were magnetically treated by passage through a permanent electromagnetic field of 14٫000 G (1.4 Tesla) strength for 10 min, and then allowed to percolate through a soil column continuously for 2 h. Some characteristics of the studied soil samples were estimated after the infiltrate of the magnetically (M) and non-magnetically (NM) treated TW and/or SW. The MSW has decreased the hydraulic conductivity (HC, m day-1) by 41.1, 12.8, and 51.4% compared to NMSW for sandy, sandy calcareous, and clay soil, respectively. Magnetic induction may affect the coagulation of the fine particles to form larger aggregates. For clay soil, MTW decreased the sum of fine particles by 40.5%, while the MSW decreased it by 28.75%, which may be a dispersing effect of NaCl soluble salt. The Zeta potential ζ values were slightly shifted by SW and MSW. The calculated electrophoretic mobility (U) of the colloidal particles has increased under the effect of the SW by 15.6%, 28.6%, and 58.1% for the sandy, sandy calcareous, and clay soil, respectively. Magnetized water may affect the soil properties positively and/or negatively depending on the soil class and the application conditions.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83570747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.46.50
Mabroka Sulaiman Mohammad AL-Hammaly
The study aimed to enumerate and classify the flowering plant species that were randomly collected from different regions of the study area during the years 2009-2010. The seeds of Gymnospermae are of two families and there are two types, while the angiosperms plants are 184 families divided into Dicotyledoneae, which contained 39 families, 111 genera, 147 species and 37 plant species of Monocotyledoneae. It contained 7 families, 37 species and 30 genera Recording of 12 endemic plant species, life forms, the highest percentage of Therophytes was 53.76%, then the short-lived plants Chamaephytes 30.10%, then the terrestrial plants 11.82 %Cryptophytes, and the long-perennial plants Phanerophytes4.83. Investigate the vital natural factors, as these plants were not studied in the study area in the past, as well as filling the gaps in the Libyan flora of the Manas – valley, which is located in the north-east of Hamda, descends north towards the sea and ends in the coastal area at the village of Al-Mabani.
{"title":"STUDY OF FLOWERING PLANTS AND VEGETATION COVER IN WADI MANAS JABAL AL-AKHDAR, LIBYA","authors":"Mabroka Sulaiman Mohammad AL-Hammaly","doi":"10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.46.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.46.50","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to enumerate and classify the flowering plant species that were randomly collected from different regions of the study area during the years 2009-2010. The seeds of Gymnospermae are of two families and there are two types, while the angiosperms plants are 184 families divided into Dicotyledoneae, which contained 39 families, 111 genera, 147 species and 37 plant species of Monocotyledoneae. It contained 7 families, 37 species and 30 genera Recording of 12 endemic plant species, life forms, the highest percentage of Therophytes was 53.76%, then the short-lived plants Chamaephytes 30.10%, then the terrestrial plants 11.82 %Cryptophytes, and the long-perennial plants Phanerophytes4.83. Investigate the vital natural factors, as these plants were not studied in the study area in the past, as well as filling the gaps in the Libyan flora of the Manas – valley, which is located in the north-east of Hamda, descends north towards the sea and ends in the coastal area at the village of Al-Mabani.","PeriodicalId":32432,"journal":{"name":"Journal CleanWAS","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73205722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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