Purpose: The aim of the study was to find out whether teachers can be introduced as an effective tool in ocular screening of school children and to list out various causes of visual impairment and ocular abnormalities in school children and provide appropriate measures. Method: A multistage school screening program from August to December 2019 in Trivandrum included 33,990 students from 52 schools. Five stages of the study were training of selected teachers, screening by teachers in the school, comprehensive examination by the hospital team in schools, detailed evaluation of referred children in the hospital, and corrective measures by pediatric ophthalmologists in our hospital. A total of 1480 children were selected randomly from the children identified as normal by teachers to detect false negatives. The pattern of ocular disorders children was analyzed. Results: Out of 33,990 students, 6343 students who were detected to have ocular disorders by teachers (18.6%) were examined by our team. 74.2% (4707 students) of them were confirmed to have ocular problems. Thus teachers were able to identify the eye problems correctly (true positives) in 74.2% children, 25.8% being false positives. True positives include refractive errors (73.4%), allergic conjunctivitis (7.9%), strabismus (1.9%), amblyopia (0.098%), pediatric cataract (0.08%), etc. Out of 1480 randomly selected children, 8 (0.54%) children were false negatives (none had refractive errors). Spectacles were given to 2484 children free of cost. Conclusion: Simplicity of multistage screening, ease of its application, time and cost effectiveness, wider coverage, utility as a continuous process in coming years signifies that introducing teachers as primary vision screeners at their schools is an innovative community-based strategy to address the challenges of childhood blindness in resource-constrained settings.
{"title":"Role of teachers in screening of ocular disorders in school children: A multistage school screening program","authors":"K. Aparna, Resmi Bhaskar, Unnikrishnan Nair","doi":"10.4103/kjo.kjo_213_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kjo.kjo_213_21","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the study was to find out whether teachers can be introduced as an effective tool in ocular screening of school children and to list out various causes of visual impairment and ocular abnormalities in school children and provide appropriate measures. Method: A multistage school screening program from August to December 2019 in Trivandrum included 33,990 students from 52 schools. Five stages of the study were training of selected teachers, screening by teachers in the school, comprehensive examination by the hospital team in schools, detailed evaluation of referred children in the hospital, and corrective measures by pediatric ophthalmologists in our hospital. A total of 1480 children were selected randomly from the children identified as normal by teachers to detect false negatives. The pattern of ocular disorders children was analyzed. Results: Out of 33,990 students, 6343 students who were detected to have ocular disorders by teachers (18.6%) were examined by our team. 74.2% (4707 students) of them were confirmed to have ocular problems. Thus teachers were able to identify the eye problems correctly (true positives) in 74.2% children, 25.8% being false positives. True positives include refractive errors (73.4%), allergic conjunctivitis (7.9%), strabismus (1.9%), amblyopia (0.098%), pediatric cataract (0.08%), etc. Out of 1480 randomly selected children, 8 (0.54%) children were false negatives (none had refractive errors). Spectacles were given to 2484 children free of cost. Conclusion: Simplicity of multistage screening, ease of its application, time and cost effectiveness, wider coverage, utility as a continuous process in coming years signifies that introducing teachers as primary vision screeners at their schools is an innovative community-based strategy to address the challenges of childhood blindness in resource-constrained settings.","PeriodicalId":32483,"journal":{"name":"Kerala Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"34 1","pages":"110 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42088622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gaze palsy is the loss of binocular control because of lesions of the pathways above the level of the nucleus.[1] To localize the lesion, an understanding of the supranuclear and internuclear pathways is necessary.
{"title":"Supranuclear and internuclear ophthalmoplegia - Gaze palsy","authors":"Cyril George, P. Krishnan, Ashwati Sankar","doi":"10.4103/kjo.kjo_79_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kjo.kjo_79_22","url":null,"abstract":"Gaze palsy is the loss of binocular control because of lesions of the pathways above the level of the nucleus.[1] To localize the lesion, an understanding of the supranuclear and internuclear pathways is necessary.","PeriodicalId":32483,"journal":{"name":"Kerala Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"34 1","pages":"186 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48747539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To know the quantitative thickness changes occurring in the macula, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the retina in myopic eyes (ME) and in ME with lattice degeneration (ME-LD) in comparison to emmetropic eyes, with the help of Cirrus HD Optical coherence topography (OCT) 5000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc.). Methods: Hospital-based, nonrandomized prospective study involving 90 eyes, divided into three groups – Group A comprising 30 eyes with − 3–−6D of myopia, Group B comprising 30 eyes with − 3–−6D of myopia with LD and Group C with 30 emmetropic eyes. The central macular thickness (CMT), RNFL, and GCL analysis was done with Cirrus HD OCT 5000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec). Results: The CMT was significantly higher in Group A and B than Group C. There was no significant difference in CMT between Group A and B. Any of the group did not reveal significant difference in parafoveal thickness in any quadrant. Average RNFL, average GCL + inner plexiform layer (IPL), minimum GCL + IPL was significantly thicker in Group C than Group A and B. There was no significant difference between in CMT, average RNFL thickness, average GCL + IPL between Group A and B. Conclusion: There is a significant change in thickness of macula, RNFL, and GCL between emmetropes as compared to myopes and ME-LD but not between myopes and ME-LD. This underscores the need of incorporating a myopic normative database in the present normative built-up of Cirrus OCT. Patients of ME-LD, when being evaluated on different OCT-based parameters, can be considered the same as the myopic population.
目的:利用Carl Zeiss Meditec公司的Cirrus HD光学相干地形图(OCT) 5000，了解近视眼(ME)和伴晶格变性ME (ME- ld)患者视网膜黄斑、视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)和神经节细胞层(GCL)厚度与准视眼的定量变化。方法:基于医院的非随机前瞻性研究，纳入90只眼，分为三组:A组30只眼为−3 -−6D近视伴LD, B组30只眼为−3 -−6D近视伴LD, C组30只眼为远视。中央黄斑厚度(CMT)、RNFL和GCL分析使用Cirrus HD OCT 5000(卡尔蔡司Meditec)进行。结果:A、B组CMT明显高于c组，A、B组CMT无显著性差异。两组间各象限CMT均无显著性差异。C组的平均RNFL、平均GCL +内丛状层(IPL)、最小GCL + IPL均明显厚于A、b组。A、b组的CMT、平均RNFL厚度、平均GCL + IPL差异无统计学意义。结论:黄斑、RNFL、GCL厚度与近视组、ME-LD组比较差异有统计学意义，而近视组与ME-LD组比较差异无统计学意义。这强调了在目前建立的Cirrus oct规范中纳入近视规范数据库的必要性。当使用不同的基于oct的参数进行评估时，ME-LD患者可以被认为与近视人群相同。
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of the thickness of macula, ganglion cell layer, and retinal nerve fiber layer in emmetropes, myopes and myopes with lattice degeneration by using Cirrus high-definition optical coherence topography","authors":"Mamta Singh, B. Sinha, Pradeep Karak","doi":"10.4103/kjo.kjo_138_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kjo.kjo_138_21","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To know the quantitative thickness changes occurring in the macula, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the retina in myopic eyes (ME) and in ME with lattice degeneration (ME-LD) in comparison to emmetropic eyes, with the help of Cirrus HD Optical coherence topography (OCT) 5000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc.). Methods: Hospital-based, nonrandomized prospective study involving 90 eyes, divided into three groups – Group A comprising 30 eyes with − 3–−6D of myopia, Group B comprising 30 eyes with − 3–−6D of myopia with LD and Group C with 30 emmetropic eyes. The central macular thickness (CMT), RNFL, and GCL analysis was done with Cirrus HD OCT 5000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec). Results: The CMT was significantly higher in Group A and B than Group C. There was no significant difference in CMT between Group A and B. Any of the group did not reveal significant difference in parafoveal thickness in any quadrant. Average RNFL, average GCL + inner plexiform layer (IPL), minimum GCL + IPL was significantly thicker in Group C than Group A and B. There was no significant difference between in CMT, average RNFL thickness, average GCL + IPL between Group A and B. Conclusion: There is a significant change in thickness of macula, RNFL, and GCL between emmetropes as compared to myopes and ME-LD but not between myopes and ME-LD. This underscores the need of incorporating a myopic normative database in the present normative built-up of Cirrus OCT. Patients of ME-LD, when being evaluated on different OCT-based parameters, can be considered the same as the myopic population.","PeriodicalId":32483,"journal":{"name":"Kerala Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"34 1","pages":"104 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43536762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the frequent and rapid development of new drugs, changes in treatment protocols and patient care delivery systems including technology, patient care in health care settings is becoming increasingly complex. However, there is a greater expectation from the patient and the community regarding the quality of patient care, outcomes, and timely delivery. These create stressful situations, making the care process prone to errors, resulting in unsafe incidents. Common errors in ophthalmology include incorrect procedures, identification errors, technical errors, medical or diagnostic errors, and documentation errors. Hence, there is a dire need to create comprehensive methods to support error-free patient care. These include standardization, developing safety protocols, safety checklists, training the staff, creating a platform for reporting, performing a root-cause analysis, monitoring, and periodical meetings to improve and continue the process. Providing a dignified, non-punitive approach with a well-defined system is paramount for ensuring patient safety in eye care.
{"title":"Ensuring patient safety in eye care","authors":"R. Ravindran","doi":"10.4103/kjo.kjo_61_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kjo.kjo_61_22","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the frequent and rapid development of new drugs, changes in treatment protocols and patient care delivery systems including technology, patient care in health care settings is becoming increasingly complex. However, there is a greater expectation from the patient and the community regarding the quality of patient care, outcomes, and timely delivery. These create stressful situations, making the care process prone to errors, resulting in unsafe incidents. Common errors in ophthalmology include incorrect procedures, identification errors, technical errors, medical or diagnostic errors, and documentation errors. Hence, there is a dire need to create comprehensive methods to support error-free patient care. These include standardization, developing safety protocols, safety checklists, training the staff, creating a platform for reporting, performing a root-cause analysis, monitoring, and periodical meetings to improve and continue the process. Providing a dignified, non-punitive approach with a well-defined system is paramount for ensuring patient safety in eye care.","PeriodicalId":32483,"journal":{"name":"Kerala Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"34 1","pages":"94 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43799842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Jipina, N. Latha, Sikha Radhakrishnan, K. Praveena, A. Asha
Context: Sutureless glue-less surgery (SGF) is a newer alternative to the conventional conjunctival autograft with sutures (CAGS) techniques used for pterygium surgery. Aims and Objectives: To compare the safety, efficacy, and complications of SGF technique versus CAGS in the management of primary pterygium. Subjects and Methods: We performed a hospital based prospective study among 46 patients who underwent pterygium excision during an 18-month period from 2017 to 2018. Results: The duration of SGF procedure was <15 min with fewer incidences of overall symptoms postoperatively (P < 0.001) which were significantly higher in the CAGS group. The duration of symptoms was 4 days for SGF and 4 weeks for CAGS group. Although signs like graft edema and retraction were more in the SGF group in the immediate postoperative period, it resolved by 6 weeks. Three cases of recurrence were noted in the SGF group, but this was statistically insignificant. No graft loss occurred. Paired t-test showed that there is a significant reduction in astigmatism and improvement in keratometric values in both groups, with greater change in SGF group, however, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Sutureless and glue-free technique is a safe, effective, time-saving, and economical option for the management of pterygium with less postoperative symptoms. SGF has more postoperative signs which resolved in 6 months. The recurrence rate was higher in SGF but within the expected range reported in the literature.
{"title":"Comparative study of sutureless and glue-free versus conjunctival autograft with sutures in primary pterygium surgery","authors":"K. Jipina, N. Latha, Sikha Radhakrishnan, K. Praveena, A. Asha","doi":"10.4103/kjo.kjo_79_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kjo.kjo_79_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Sutureless glue-less surgery (SGF) is a newer alternative to the conventional conjunctival autograft with sutures (CAGS) techniques used for pterygium surgery. Aims and Objectives: To compare the safety, efficacy, and complications of SGF technique versus CAGS in the management of primary pterygium. Subjects and Methods: We performed a hospital based prospective study among 46 patients who underwent pterygium excision during an 18-month period from 2017 to 2018. Results: The duration of SGF procedure was <15 min with fewer incidences of overall symptoms postoperatively (P < 0.001) which were significantly higher in the CAGS group. The duration of symptoms was 4 days for SGF and 4 weeks for CAGS group. Although signs like graft edema and retraction were more in the SGF group in the immediate postoperative period, it resolved by 6 weeks. Three cases of recurrence were noted in the SGF group, but this was statistically insignificant. No graft loss occurred. Paired t-test showed that there is a significant reduction in astigmatism and improvement in keratometric values in both groups, with greater change in SGF group, however, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Sutureless and glue-free technique is a safe, effective, time-saving, and economical option for the management of pterygium with less postoperative symptoms. SGF has more postoperative signs which resolved in 6 months. The recurrence rate was higher in SGF but within the expected range reported in the literature.","PeriodicalId":32483,"journal":{"name":"Kerala Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"34 1","pages":"137 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43176461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Karthiga, Charmaine Solomon, Sanaa Konnakkodan, V. Babitha, A. Kumar
This case report represents an unusual presentation of ocular tuberculosis (TB). Ocular TB is rare, but it can be the first clinical manifestation of the disease. Here, we report a case of a 67-year-old male, a chronic smoker who presented with pain, redness, and photophobia (BE), and slit-lamp examination showed multiple corneal infiltrate along the limbus with multiple scleral abscesses not responding to routine treatment. Investigations revealed high erythrocyte sedimentation rate value, positive Mantoux reaction, and changes on contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the thorax. Sputum CBNAAT was negative, and pus aspirate revealed no growth with negative staining for acid-fast bacillus. With high suspicion of TB, we started on Anti tuberculosis therapy, and there was rapid healing of lesions. In endemic areas, even when microbiological studies are not positive, ocular TB should be kept in mind in atypical cases so that early treatment can be instituted to prevent serious complications.
{"title":"Peripheral ulcerative keratitis with multiple punctate scleral abscess – A rare presentation of ocular tuberculosis","authors":"I. Karthiga, Charmaine Solomon, Sanaa Konnakkodan, V. Babitha, A. Kumar","doi":"10.4103/kjo.kjo_214_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kjo.kjo_214_21","url":null,"abstract":"This case report represents an unusual presentation of ocular tuberculosis (TB). Ocular TB is rare, but it can be the first clinical manifestation of the disease. Here, we report a case of a 67-year-old male, a chronic smoker who presented with pain, redness, and photophobia (BE), and slit-lamp examination showed multiple corneal infiltrate along the limbus with multiple scleral abscesses not responding to routine treatment. Investigations revealed high erythrocyte sedimentation rate value, positive Mantoux reaction, and changes on contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the thorax. Sputum CBNAAT was negative, and pus aspirate revealed no growth with negative staining for acid-fast bacillus. With high suspicion of TB, we started on Anti tuberculosis therapy, and there was rapid healing of lesions. In endemic areas, even when microbiological studies are not positive, ocular TB should be kept in mind in atypical cases so that early treatment can be instituted to prevent serious complications.","PeriodicalId":32483,"journal":{"name":"Kerala Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"34 1","pages":"157 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46187455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irshad A Subhan, Ismail Bantan, W. Alkhuraimi, Taha Alaidaroos, A. Abdelaal
The “Wipe-out” or “Snuff-out” phenomenon refers to a permanent and severe loss of vision without an identifiable cause and is considered a rare but dreaded consequence of incisional ocular surgery. It is believed to occur in patients with advanced glaucoma who demonstrate a residual central island of vision. A 42-year-old female patient presented to the general ophthalmology clinic with complaints of painless blurring of vision of the left eye for 8 months. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/30 and 20/40 and intraocular pressure (IOP) was 26 mmHg and 28 mmHg in the right and left eyes, respectively. Relative afferent pupillary defect was noted in the left eye. Anterior segment examination showed peripherally shallow anterior chamber and gonioscopy revealed appositionally closed angles (Shaffer-<20 Deg) in both eyes. Fundus examination showed advanced glaucomatous optic neuropathy of the left eye. Generalized depression in the right eye and inferior arcuate scotoma with a superior nasal step, and split fixation in the left eye was seen on Humphreys 30-2 visual fields. A diagnosis of chronic primary angle closure glaucoma was made and the patient was offered Nd: Yag Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI). LPI was completed for the right eye and Argon Laser Iridoplasty was performed in the left eye as Iridotomy was not possible due to the proximity of the iris to the cornea as the pupil was mid-dilated. After the procedure, the patient was prescribed topical antiglaucoma medications with topical steroids at 1 week follow-up, the patient had BCVA of 20/30 in the right eye and hand motion in the left eye, IOPs were well controlled on topical anti-glaucoma medication. A thorough examination including a dilated fundus examination, B-Scan ultrasound, and fundus fluorescein angiography were unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain and orbits was normal. “Wipeout” phenomenon is a rare but notorious complication associated with incisional surgeries in patients with advanced glaucoma. It is also reported to occur following cataract and retinal incisional surgeries. There are no reports of a wipe-out after a commonly performed laser procedure.
{"title":"Vision “wipe-out” phenomena following a nonincisional laser procedure in the management of narrow-angle glaucoma","authors":"Irshad A Subhan, Ismail Bantan, W. Alkhuraimi, Taha Alaidaroos, A. Abdelaal","doi":"10.4103/kjo.kjo_171_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kjo.kjo_171_21","url":null,"abstract":"The “Wipe-out” or “Snuff-out” phenomenon refers to a permanent and severe loss of vision without an identifiable cause and is considered a rare but dreaded consequence of incisional ocular surgery. It is believed to occur in patients with advanced glaucoma who demonstrate a residual central island of vision. A 42-year-old female patient presented to the general ophthalmology clinic with complaints of painless blurring of vision of the left eye for 8 months. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/30 and 20/40 and intraocular pressure (IOP) was 26 mmHg and 28 mmHg in the right and left eyes, respectively. Relative afferent pupillary defect was noted in the left eye. Anterior segment examination showed peripherally shallow anterior chamber and gonioscopy revealed appositionally closed angles (Shaffer-<20 Deg) in both eyes. Fundus examination showed advanced glaucomatous optic neuropathy of the left eye. Generalized depression in the right eye and inferior arcuate scotoma with a superior nasal step, and split fixation in the left eye was seen on Humphreys 30-2 visual fields. A diagnosis of chronic primary angle closure glaucoma was made and the patient was offered Nd: Yag Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI). LPI was completed for the right eye and Argon Laser Iridoplasty was performed in the left eye as Iridotomy was not possible due to the proximity of the iris to the cornea as the pupil was mid-dilated. After the procedure, the patient was prescribed topical antiglaucoma medications with topical steroids at 1 week follow-up, the patient had BCVA of 20/30 in the right eye and hand motion in the left eye, IOPs were well controlled on topical anti-glaucoma medication. A thorough examination including a dilated fundus examination, B-Scan ultrasound, and fundus fluorescein angiography were unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain and orbits was normal. “Wipeout” phenomenon is a rare but notorious complication associated with incisional surgeries in patients with advanced glaucoma. It is also reported to occur following cataract and retinal incisional surgeries. There are no reports of a wipe-out after a commonly performed laser procedure.","PeriodicalId":32483,"journal":{"name":"Kerala Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"34 1","pages":"167 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46895953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of cataract surgery on wet age-related macular degeneration activity","authors":"K. Husna","doi":"10.4103/kjo.kjo_31_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kjo.kjo_31_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32483,"journal":{"name":"Kerala Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"34 1","pages":"182 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44672337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Atypical presentation of multiple sclerosis – A few points to ponder","authors":"A. Augustin","doi":"10.4103/kjo.kjo_85_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/kjo.kjo_85_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32483,"journal":{"name":"Kerala Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"34 1","pages":"191 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46512092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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