Background and Objectives: Oils used in frying should include special characteristics such as high oxidative stability, prolonged shelf life, low price, abundance and availability and desirable flavors. Nowadays, consumers are further interested in low saturated frying oils. Recently, manufacturers focus on eliminating palm oil derivatives (as a major vegetable source of saturation) from frying oil formulations. Therefore, achievement of balances between nutritional, technological and economic aspects is a big challenge for the oil industries. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study was to design and develop a palm-free frying oil formulation based on oils of sunflower (10–30%), canola (10–70%), corn (10–30%) and sesame (10–30%) using D-optimal mixture design. Linolenic acid (Ln) content, trans fatty acids (TFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA), oxidative stability index (OSI) and smoke point (SP) were considered as the response variables. To evaluate performances of these blends during deep frying processes (180 °C for 200 min), total polar compound (TPC) content, peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acid (FFA) content of the blends were assessed. Results: In summary, the total polar compound content, PV and FFA content of the blends included 15.87–19.41%, 16.41–20.58 meq O2/kg oil and 0.55–0.77%, respectively; fitted in published recommending ranges. All responses were fitted in the best way (R 2 > 0.91) to the linear model used for optimization. The optimal formulation included canola (40.675%), sesame (26.015%), sunflower (23.310%) and corn (10.000%) oils and all experimental values of this formulation were in the confidence interval. This indicated the high accuracy of designation and optimization of the
{"title":"Designation of a Palm-Free Frying Oil Formulation Based on Sunflower, Canola, Corn and Sesame Oils Using D-Optimal Mixture Design","authors":"Z. Amiri, M. H. Naeli, Z. Babaei, Student","doi":"10.29252/nfsr.6.4.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/nfsr.6.4.29","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Oils used in frying should include special characteristics such as high oxidative stability, prolonged shelf life, low price, abundance and availability and desirable flavors. Nowadays, consumers are further interested in low saturated frying oils. Recently, manufacturers focus on eliminating palm oil derivatives (as a major vegetable source of saturation) from frying oil formulations. Therefore, achievement of balances between nutritional, technological and economic aspects is a big challenge for the oil industries. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study was to design and develop a palm-free frying oil formulation based on oils of sunflower (10–30%), canola (10–70%), corn (10–30%) and sesame (10–30%) using D-optimal mixture design. Linolenic acid (Ln) content, trans fatty acids (TFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA), oxidative stability index (OSI) and smoke point (SP) were considered as the response variables. To evaluate performances of these blends during deep frying processes (180 °C for 200 min), total polar compound (TPC) content, peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acid (FFA) content of the blends were assessed. Results: In summary, the total polar compound content, PV and FFA content of the blends included 15.87–19.41%, 16.41–20.58 meq O2/kg oil and 0.55–0.77%, respectively; fitted in published recommending ranges. All responses were fitted in the best way (R 2 > 0.91) to the linear model used for optimization. The optimal formulation included canola (40.675%), sesame (26.015%), sunflower (23.310%) and corn (10.000%) oils and all experimental values of this formulation were in the confidence interval. This indicated the high accuracy of designation and optimization of the","PeriodicalId":325113,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Food Sciences Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130238926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Majid Hassan Qomi, S. Arshadi, Abdolali Banayifar, Y. Kazemzadeh
Background and Objectives: Muscular atrophy is one of the indicators of uncontrolled diabetes. The aim of the current study was to investigate effects of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) on myostatin gene expression in soleus muscles and insulin resistance in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In general, 14 Wistar male rats weighing 200–250 g and aging 8–10 weeks were selected for the study. Then, a newly prepared diabetic STZ solution was intraperitoneally injected to the rats. Animals were randomly divided into two groups of controls and resistance training diabetes. The resistance training protocol was carried out at ten repetitions as climbing up the ladder with 100% of the body weight for eight weeks, five days a week. Nearly 48 h after the last training session, soleus muscles of the rats were removed and the myostatin gene expression was assessed. Statistical data analysis was carried out using independent t-test at a significance level of P <0.05. Results: Results of the independent t-test showed that the mean expression rate of myostatin protein genes in rat soleus muscles of the resistance training group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P = 0.013). Furthermore, levels of glucose, insulin and insulin resistance were significantly lower in resistance training group, compared to those in control group (P-values of 0.001, 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). A significantly positive correlation was seen between the mean expression of myostatin protein gene and the blood glucose (P = 0.012, r = 0.539), as well as the expression of myostatin protein gene and the insulin resistance (P = 0.015, r = 0.525). Conclusions: Results of this study indicated that resistance training decreased myostatin expression and could improve insulin resistance in rats with type 2 diabetes. Hence, targeting myostatin might be a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
背景与目的:肌萎缩是糖尿病未控制的指标之一。本研究旨在探讨8周阻力训练(RT)对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的糖尿病大鼠比目鱼肌肌肉生长抑制素基因表达和胰岛素抵抗的影响。材料与方法:一般选取体重200 ~ 250 g、8 ~ 10周龄Wistar雄性大鼠14只。然后将新制备的糖尿病STZ溶液腹腔注射给大鼠。实验动物随机分为对照组和抗阻训练组。阻力训练方案进行了十次重复，以100%的体重爬上梯子，持续八周，每周五天。最后一次训练后约48小时，取大鼠比目鱼肌，评估肌肉生长抑制素基因表达。统计学资料分析采用独立t检验，P <0.05为显著性水平。结果:独立t检验结果显示，阻力训练组大鼠比目鱼肌中肌生长抑制素蛋白基因的平均表达率显著低于对照组(P = 0.013)。与对照组相比，抗阻训练组血糖、胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗水平均显著降低(p值分别为0.001、0.005和0.001)。肌生长抑制素基因的平均表达量与血糖呈显著正相关(P = 0.012, r = 0.539)，与胰岛素抵抗呈显著正相关(P = 0.015, r = 0.525)。结论:抗阻训练可降低2型糖尿病大鼠肌肉生长抑制素的表达，改善胰岛素抵抗。因此，靶向肌生长抑制素可能是治疗代谢性疾病如肥胖、糖尿病和代谢综合征的新方法。
{"title":"Effects of Eight Weeks of Resistance Training on Muscle Myostatin Gene Expression and Insulin Resistance in Male Wistar Rats with Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"Majid Hassan Qomi, S. Arshadi, Abdolali Banayifar, Y. Kazemzadeh","doi":"10.29252/nfsr.6.4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/nfsr.6.4.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Muscular atrophy is one of the indicators of uncontrolled diabetes. The aim of the current study was to investigate effects of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) on myostatin gene expression in soleus muscles and insulin resistance in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In general, 14 Wistar male rats weighing 200–250 g and aging 8–10 weeks were selected for the study. Then, a newly prepared diabetic STZ solution was intraperitoneally injected to the rats. Animals were randomly divided into two groups of controls and resistance training diabetes. The resistance training protocol was carried out at ten repetitions as climbing up the ladder with 100% of the body weight for eight weeks, five days a week. Nearly 48 h after the last training session, soleus muscles of the rats were removed and the myostatin gene expression was assessed. Statistical data analysis was carried out using independent t-test at a significance level of P <0.05. Results: Results of the independent t-test showed that the mean expression rate of myostatin protein genes in rat soleus muscles of the resistance training group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P = 0.013). Furthermore, levels of glucose, insulin and insulin resistance were significantly lower in resistance training group, compared to those in control group (P-values of 0.001, 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). A significantly positive correlation was seen between the mean expression of myostatin protein gene and the blood glucose (P = 0.012, r = 0.539), as well as the expression of myostatin protein gene and the insulin resistance (P = 0.015, r = 0.525). Conclusions: Results of this study indicated that resistance training decreased myostatin expression and could improve insulin resistance in rats with type 2 diabetes. Hence, targeting myostatin might be a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome.","PeriodicalId":325113,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Food Sciences Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114773471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objectives: Parental factors, including social and anthropometric factors, play a vital role in children longterm nutritional status. The objective of this study was to investigate correlations between parental factors and nutritional status of the schoolchildren in a rural setting of Indonesia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out during May 2018. Totally, 146 schoolchildren from ten primary public schools in Sepatan Timur, Tangerang, Indonesia, were involved in the study. Structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic data (educational level, employment status and number of children) and estimated anthropometric measures (body weight and height). Digital weighing scales and standard microtoises were used to measure children weight and height, respectively. Anthropometric indices, height for age (HAZ) and body mass index for age (BAZ) Z-scores were calculated using WHO AntroPlus. Moreover, multiple regression analysis was used in the study. Results: Nearly 19.2, 11.6 and 16.4% of the schoolchildren were stunting, wasted and overweight, respectively. Maternal nutrition status were significantly associated with schoolchildren HAZ (β 95% CI = 0.367 [0.009–0.724]) and BAZ (β 95% CI = 0.926 [0.428–1.423]) scores. The BAZ scores of the children were inversely associated with maternal education levels (β 95% CI = -1.206 [-2.000; -0.441]). Paternal nutrition status were significantly associated with children HAZ (β 95% CI = 0.419 [0.075; 0.762]) scores. Conclusions: Parental anthropometric measure and educational status significantly contribute to development of schoolchildren nutritional status in the rural setting.
背景与目的:父母因素，包括社会因素和人体测量因素，在儿童的长期营养状况中起着至关重要的作用。本研究的目的是调查父母因素与印度尼西亚农村学童营养状况之间的相关性。材料与方法:本横断面研究于2018年5月进行。共有来自印度尼西亚丹格朗Sepatan Timur 10所公立小学的146名学童参与了这项研究。使用结构化问卷收集社会人口统计数据(教育水平、就业状况和子女数量)和估计的人体测量数据(体重和身高)。分别用数字称和标准微体计测量儿童体重和身高。使用WHO AntroPlus计算人体测量指数、年龄身高(HAZ)和年龄体重指数(BAZ) z -score。并采用多元回归分析。结果:小学生发育迟缓、消瘦和超重的比例分别为19.2%、11.6%和16.4%。母亲营养状况与学龄儿童HAZ (β 95% CI = 0.367[0.009-0.724])和BAZ (β 95% CI = 0.926[0.428-1.423])得分显著相关。儿童的BAZ得分与母亲受教育程度呈负相关(β 95% CI = -1.206 [-2.000;-0.441])。父亲营养状况与儿童HAZ显著相关(β 95% CI = 0.419 [0.075;0.762])的分数。结论:父母的人体测量水平和受教育程度对农村小学生营养状况的发展有显著影响。
{"title":"Maternal Nutrition Status are Strongly Associated to Schoolchildren Z-Scores for Height and BMI in Rural Settings","authors":"D. Angkasa, Nadiyah Nadiyah","doi":"10.29252/NFSR.6.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/NFSR.6.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Parental factors, including social and anthropometric factors, play a vital role in children longterm nutritional status. The objective of this study was to investigate correlations between parental factors and nutritional status of the schoolchildren in a rural setting of Indonesia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out during May 2018. Totally, 146 schoolchildren from ten primary public schools in Sepatan Timur, Tangerang, Indonesia, were involved in the study. Structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic data (educational level, employment status and number of children) and estimated anthropometric measures (body weight and height). Digital weighing scales and standard microtoises were used to measure children weight and height, respectively. Anthropometric indices, height for age (HAZ) and body mass index for age (BAZ) Z-scores were calculated using WHO AntroPlus. Moreover, multiple regression analysis was used in the study. Results: Nearly 19.2, 11.6 and 16.4% of the schoolchildren were stunting, wasted and overweight, respectively. Maternal nutrition status were significantly associated with schoolchildren HAZ (β 95% CI = 0.367 [0.009–0.724]) and BAZ (β 95% CI = 0.926 [0.428–1.423]) scores. The BAZ scores of the children were inversely associated with maternal education levels (β 95% CI = -1.206 [-2.000; -0.441]). Paternal nutrition status were significantly associated with children HAZ (β 95% CI = 0.419 [0.075; 0.762]) scores. Conclusions: Parental anthropometric measure and educational status significantly contribute to development of schoolchildren nutritional status in the rural setting.","PeriodicalId":325113,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Food Sciences Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126127229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objectives: Black mulberry is a juicy and dark purple to black fruit with a good balance of sweetness and tartness. This fruit is highly interested due to high quantities of anthocyanins. The bioactive compounds are often present in fruit tissues and should be released. The aim of this study was to extract bioactive compounds of black mulberries and assessment of heating process effects on the extracted compounds. Materials and Methods: Aqueous, ethanol and aqueous-ethanol solvents were used for the extraction processes. The physicochemical properties of extracts, including total phenol, total anthocyanin content, anthocyanin profile, antioxidant activity, acidity and total solids, were investigated. Then, the aqueous-ethanol extract was subjected to direct heating, microwave heating and non-thermal (gamma radiation) processes to assess their possible effects on the extract. Results: The aqueous-ethanol extract included higher total phenol (68.94 mg GAE/g) and anthocyanin contents (226.16 mg/ml), higher antioxidant activity (DPPH of 90.29% and FRAP of 1.42) as well as higher quantities of anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-xyloside of 277.36, 53.21, and 11.44 mg/ml, respectively). It was observed that less time and power of heating, microwave and gamma radiation conditions included less deteriorative effects on anthocyanin compounds and thus a higher antioxidant activity was seen. Conclusions: Aqueous-ethanol solvents include further extraction efficiencies on phenolic compounds and anthocyanins and are considered as appropriate chemicals for the extraction of bioactive compounds from black mulberries. Furthermore, moderate heating conditions can preserve higher quantities of anthocyanins.
{"title":"Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Black Mulberry Using Aqueous, Ethanol and Aqueous-Ethanol Solvents: Effects of Heat Treatments on Chemical Properties of the Extracts","authors":"S. Yazdankhah, M. Hojjati, M. Azizi","doi":"10.29252/nfsr.6.3.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/nfsr.6.3.39","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Black mulberry is a juicy and dark purple to black fruit with a good balance of sweetness and tartness. This fruit is highly interested due to high quantities of anthocyanins. The bioactive compounds are often present in fruit tissues and should be released. The aim of this study was to extract bioactive compounds of black mulberries and assessment of heating process effects on the extracted compounds. Materials and Methods: Aqueous, ethanol and aqueous-ethanol solvents were used for the extraction processes. The physicochemical properties of extracts, including total phenol, total anthocyanin content, anthocyanin profile, antioxidant activity, acidity and total solids, were investigated. Then, the aqueous-ethanol extract was subjected to direct heating, microwave heating and non-thermal (gamma radiation) processes to assess their possible effects on the extract. Results: The aqueous-ethanol extract included higher total phenol (68.94 mg GAE/g) and anthocyanin contents (226.16 mg/ml), higher antioxidant activity (DPPH of 90.29% and FRAP of 1.42) as well as higher quantities of anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-xyloside of 277.36, 53.21, and 11.44 mg/ml, respectively). It was observed that less time and power of heating, microwave and gamma radiation conditions included less deteriorative effects on anthocyanin compounds and thus a higher antioxidant activity was seen. Conclusions: Aqueous-ethanol solvents include further extraction efficiencies on phenolic compounds and anthocyanins and are considered as appropriate chemicals for the extraction of bioactive compounds from black mulberries. Furthermore, moderate heating conditions can preserve higher quantities of anthocyanins.","PeriodicalId":325113,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Food Sciences Research","volume":"225 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128867771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objectives: Desiccation is a necessary procedure to eliminate moisture from foodstuffs in industries, especially pharmaceutical, food and tobacco industries. In the present study, a mathematical modeling was assessed for vacuum drying of the licorice roots. Materials and Methods: Fresh licorice roots were dried at 50 mbar. Temperatures included 22to 150°C and diameters of roots included 10 and 15 mm. A layer of licorice roots was transferred to a dish of balance on vacuum dryer and then changes in weight were recorded and moisture contents were calculated at various times. Results: Five mathematical models were adapted to empirical data. Curve expert has been used as statistical calculation. It was proved that the empirical two term’s model with high values of R 2 =98.21% was suitable for 10-mm diameter and Henderson Pabis model with R 2 =95.43% for 15-mm diameter roots. Conclusions: The two term and Henderson Pabis models were assessed by comparing coefficients of determination and standard error between the monitored and forecasted moisture ratios.
{"title":"Modeling of Vacuum Drying of Licorice (Glycyrrhizia glabra) Roots","authors":"A. Kouchakzadeh","doi":"10.29252/NFSR.6.3.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/NFSR.6.3.33","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Desiccation is a necessary procedure to eliminate moisture from foodstuffs in industries, especially pharmaceutical, food and tobacco industries. In the present study, a mathematical modeling was assessed for vacuum drying of the licorice roots. Materials and Methods: Fresh licorice roots were dried at 50 mbar. Temperatures included 22to 150°C and diameters of roots included 10 and 15 mm. A layer of licorice roots was transferred to a dish of balance on vacuum dryer and then changes in weight were recorded and moisture contents were calculated at various times. Results: Five mathematical models were adapted to empirical data. Curve expert has been used as statistical calculation. It was proved that the empirical two term’s model with high values of R 2 =98.21% was suitable for 10-mm diameter and Henderson Pabis model with R 2 =95.43% for 15-mm diameter roots. Conclusions: The two term and Henderson Pabis models were assessed by comparing coefficients of determination and standard error between the monitored and forecasted moisture ratios.","PeriodicalId":325113,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Food Sciences Research","volume":"211 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128166163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vaez Nemati, M. Khomeiri, A. Moayedi, A. S. Mahoonak, A. Sadeghi, A. Yamchi, Iran Gorgan
Background and Objectives: Listeria monocytogenes is an emerging foodborne pathogen which may be transmitted through meat and dairy products to humans. In this study, effects of Cuminum cyminum essential oil (CCEO) and Biarum carduchcorum water extract (BCWE) and a combination of the two compounds on growth of L. monocytogenes and physicochemical, textural and sensory properties of lambs were investigated during cold storage. Materials and Methods: Effects of CCEO and BCWE on L. monocytogenes were investigated after a short time of cold storage using broth microdilution assay. Furthermore, physicochemical assessments of the lamb samples were carried out, including meat quality index (pH, color, texture) and sensory analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (CGMS) was used for the chemical analysis. Results: The GC-MS analysis showed that γ-terpinene (%12.57), β-pinene (%11.03), geranyl acetate (%10.81), pcymene (%9.95) and sabinene (%9.81) were the major components of the CCEO. Use of CCEO or BCWE alone decreased L. monocytogenes count to below 2 log CFU/g. Moreover, use of combined CCEO and BCWE decreased the number of L. monocytogenes to below the limit (2 log CFU/g) after 48 h. Conclusions: Results of the physicochemical parameters of the highlighted compounds revealed their useful values since these compounds showed improvement effects with no significant changes in meat quality. However, the firmness and force necessary to cut the samples treated with CCEO decreased mildly after 72 h of storage.
{"title":"Use of Cuminum Cyminum Essential Oil and Biarum carduchcorum Water Extract on Shelf-life Extension of lambs at Cold Storage","authors":"Vaez Nemati, M. Khomeiri, A. Moayedi, A. S. Mahoonak, A. Sadeghi, A. Yamchi, Iran Gorgan","doi":"10.29252/NFSR.6.3.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/NFSR.6.3.23","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Listeria monocytogenes is an emerging foodborne pathogen which may be transmitted through meat and dairy products to humans. In this study, effects of Cuminum cyminum essential oil (CCEO) and Biarum carduchcorum water extract (BCWE) and a combination of the two compounds on growth of L. monocytogenes and physicochemical, textural and sensory properties of lambs were investigated during cold storage. Materials and Methods: Effects of CCEO and BCWE on L. monocytogenes were investigated after a short time of cold storage using broth microdilution assay. Furthermore, physicochemical assessments of the lamb samples were carried out, including meat quality index (pH, color, texture) and sensory analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (CGMS) was used for the chemical analysis. Results: The GC-MS analysis showed that γ-terpinene (%12.57), β-pinene (%11.03), geranyl acetate (%10.81), pcymene (%9.95) and sabinene (%9.81) were the major components of the CCEO. Use of CCEO or BCWE alone decreased L. monocytogenes count to below 2 log CFU/g. Moreover, use of combined CCEO and BCWE decreased the number of L. monocytogenes to below the limit (2 log CFU/g) after 48 h. Conclusions: Results of the physicochemical parameters of the highlighted compounds revealed their useful values since these compounds showed improvement effects with no significant changes in meat quality. However, the firmness and force necessary to cut the samples treated with CCEO decreased mildly after 72 h of storage.","PeriodicalId":325113,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Food Sciences Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126471101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by swelling, stiffness and pain in body joints. Based on the epidemiological studies, RA is less severe in Southern Mediterranean regions, where fish, olive oil, fruits and vegetables are consumed in great quantities. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in a case-control design. Totally, 100 RA patients (case group) and 100 age, gender and body mass index (BMI) healthy individuals (control group) were participated in the study. Dietary intakes were estimated using validated 160-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Food items of FFQ were grouped into 20 groups and dietary patterns were detected using principal component factor analysis. Associations between the adherence to dietary patterns and risk of RA were reported using logistic regression. Results: In general, two dietary patterns were detected, including Western dietary pattern, which was high in sweet snacks, high-fat meats, refined grains, high-fat dairies and salty snacks, and healthy dietary pattern, which was high in fishes, low-fat dairies, fruits, vegetables and olives. The RA patients had a significantly higher Western diet score than that the controls had (P < 0.001). However, no significant differences were seen in scores of healthy diet between the groups. The Western dietary pattern showed a significant positive association with RA either in the crude model (OR = 2.01, P < 0.001) or after adjustments of age, gender, education level, marital status, income, physical activity, smoking, BMI, dietary intake of vitamin E, saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (OR = 4.28, P < 0.001). In contrast, the healthy dietary pattern showed an inverse significant association only after adding the highlighted parameters to the model (OR = 0.55, P = 0.003). Conclusions: This study showed a positive association between the Western dietary pattern and RA.
背景和目的:类风湿关节炎(RA)是一种以机体关节肿胀、僵硬和疼痛为特征的炎症性自身免疫性疾病。根据流行病学研究，类风湿性关节炎在南地中海地区不那么严重，那里大量食用鱼类、橄榄油、水果和蔬菜。材料与方法:本研究采用病例-对照设计。共纳入100例RA患者(病例组)和100例年龄、性别、体质指数(BMI)均为健康的个体(对照组)。采用经验证的160项半定量食物频率问卷(FFQ)估算膳食摄入量。将食材分为20组，采用主成分因子分析法对食材进行分析。使用逻辑回归报告了坚持饮食模式与RA风险之间的关联。结果:总体上发现了两种饮食模式，一种是以甜食、高脂肉类、精制谷物、高脂乳制品和含盐零食为主的西方饮食模式，另一种是以鱼类、低脂乳制品、水果、蔬菜和橄榄为主的健康饮食模式。RA患者的西方饮食评分明显高于对照组(P < 0.001)。然而，两组之间的健康饮食得分没有显著差异。无论是在粗模型中(OR = 2.01, P < 0.001)，还是在调整了年龄、性别、受教育程度、婚姻状况、收入、体力活动、吸烟、BMI、膳食中维生素E、饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的摄入量后(OR = 4.28, P < 0.001)，西方饮食模式与RA均呈显著正相关。相比之下，健康饮食模式仅在将突出显示的参数添加到模型后才显示出显著的负相关(OR = 0.55, P = 0.003)。结论:本研究显示西方饮食模式与类风湿关节炎呈正相关。
{"title":"Western and Healthy Dietary Patterns and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case-Control Study","authors":"F. Rezazadeh, M. Akhlaghi, E. Aflaki","doi":"10.29252/NFSR.6.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/NFSR.6.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by swelling, stiffness and pain in body joints. Based on the epidemiological studies, RA is less severe in Southern Mediterranean regions, where fish, olive oil, fruits and vegetables are consumed in great quantities. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in a case-control design. Totally, 100 RA patients (case group) and 100 age, gender and body mass index (BMI) healthy individuals (control group) were participated in the study. Dietary intakes were estimated using validated 160-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Food items of FFQ were grouped into 20 groups and dietary patterns were detected using principal component factor analysis. Associations between the adherence to dietary patterns and risk of RA were reported using logistic regression. Results: In general, two dietary patterns were detected, including Western dietary pattern, which was high in sweet snacks, high-fat meats, refined grains, high-fat dairies and salty snacks, and healthy dietary pattern, which was high in fishes, low-fat dairies, fruits, vegetables and olives. The RA patients had a significantly higher Western diet score than that the controls had (P < 0.001). However, no significant differences were seen in scores of healthy diet between the groups. The Western dietary pattern showed a significant positive association with RA either in the crude model (OR = 2.01, P < 0.001) or after adjustments of age, gender, education level, marital status, income, physical activity, smoking, BMI, dietary intake of vitamin E, saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (OR = 4.28, P < 0.001). In contrast, the healthy dietary pattern showed an inverse significant association only after adding the highlighted parameters to the model (OR = 0.55, P = 0.003). Conclusions: This study showed a positive association between the Western dietary pattern and RA.","PeriodicalId":325113,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Food Sciences Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122763537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Gholamaliadeh, S. Doaei, Elmira Karimi, N. Kalantari, Alirea Musavi Jarrahi
Background and Objectives: Although a growing interest on the role of self-efficacy in weight management is reported worldwide, less research has been carried out on this association in adolescents. The aim of the present study was to investigate association of weight linked self-efficacy with anthropometric measurements in Tehrani male adolescents. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 535 male students aged 12–16 years old from two secondary high schools of District 5, Tehran, Iran. Weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage and body muscle percentage were measured using bio impedance analyzer (BIA) scale. A validated weight efficacy lifestyle questionnaire (WEL) was used to assess weight linked self-efficacy. Results: The higher weight linked self-efficacy was significantly associated with further body muscle percentage (P<0.05). However, no significant association was seen between the self-efficacy and weight, height, BMI and body fat percentage of the male adolescents. Conclusions: Results of the current study suggest that self-efficacy for weight management may be unlinked to specific measures of obesity, while male adolescents with a higher self-efficacy in weight management may have a higher muscle mass. Further research is necessary to verify effects of self-efficacy on anthropometric indices in male adolescents.
{"title":"Self-efficacy in Weight Management and Anthropometric Indices in Tehrani Male Adolescents","authors":"Maryam Gholamaliadeh, S. Doaei, Elmira Karimi, N. Kalantari, Alirea Musavi Jarrahi","doi":"10.29252/NFSR.6.3.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/NFSR.6.3.17","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Although a growing interest on the role of self-efficacy in weight management is reported worldwide, less research has been carried out on this association in adolescents. The aim of the present study was to investigate association of weight linked self-efficacy with anthropometric measurements in Tehrani male adolescents. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 535 male students aged 12–16 years old from two secondary high schools of District 5, Tehran, Iran. Weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage and body muscle percentage were measured using bio impedance analyzer (BIA) scale. A validated weight efficacy lifestyle questionnaire (WEL) was used to assess weight linked self-efficacy. Results: The higher weight linked self-efficacy was significantly associated with further body muscle percentage (P<0.05). However, no significant association was seen between the self-efficacy and weight, height, BMI and body fat percentage of the male adolescents. Conclusions: Results of the current study suggest that self-efficacy for weight management may be unlinked to specific measures of obesity, while male adolescents with a higher self-efficacy in weight management may have a higher muscle mass. Further research is necessary to verify effects of self-efficacy on anthropometric indices in male adolescents.","PeriodicalId":325113,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Food Sciences Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133185301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Farzaneh, Bahram Pourghassem Gargari, M. Asghari jafarabadi, Zahra Lalezadeh, P. Arzhang, Atefeh Farzaneh
Background and Objectives: Depression is the most common mood disorder, which may be experienced by most of the people during their life. Food insecurity may result in mental disorders such as anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to assess depression status and its relation to household food insecurity in women living in Northwest of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional community-based study, 480 women with high-school children were selected from East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, using random sampling method. Beck depression inventory, 18-item food security questionnaires and socio-economic questionnaires were completed by the participants and then weight and height of the participants were measured. Independent sample t-test, chi-square test and binary multiple logistic regressions were used for data analysis. The P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, frequencies of depression and household food insecurity included 43.1 and 48.3%, respectively. Results indicated significant positive correlations between the food insecurity and depression in women. Of the studied socio-economic variables, age, family size, economic status, occupational status of women and their husbands and educational levels were significantly associated with depression. Body mass index (BMI) of women was negatively associated with depression. Conclusions: Results showed that frequencies of depression and household food insecurity were high in participants. It seems that the improvement of socioeconomic status and subsequently improvement of the women's food security can positively affect their mental health.
{"title":"Depression and Its Association with Food Insecurity in Household Women Living in Northwest of Iran","authors":"H. Farzaneh, Bahram Pourghassem Gargari, M. Asghari jafarabadi, Zahra Lalezadeh, P. Arzhang, Atefeh Farzaneh","doi":"10.29252/NFSR.6.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/NFSR.6.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Depression is the most common mood disorder, which may be experienced by most of the people during their life. Food insecurity may result in mental disorders such as anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to assess depression status and its relation to household food insecurity in women living in Northwest of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional community-based study, 480 women with high-school children were selected from East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, using random sampling method. Beck depression inventory, 18-item food security questionnaires and socio-economic questionnaires were completed by the participants and then weight and height of the participants were measured. Independent sample t-test, chi-square test and binary multiple logistic regressions were used for data analysis. The P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, frequencies of depression and household food insecurity included 43.1 and 48.3%, respectively. Results indicated significant positive correlations between the food insecurity and depression in women. Of the studied socio-economic variables, age, family size, economic status, occupational status of women and their husbands and educational levels were significantly associated with depression. Body mass index (BMI) of women was negatively associated with depression. Conclusions: Results showed that frequencies of depression and household food insecurity were high in participants. It seems that the improvement of socioeconomic status and subsequently improvement of the women's food security can positively affect their mental health.","PeriodicalId":325113,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Food Sciences Research","volume":"43 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129450625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objectives: Studies indicate over-estimation of basal metabolic rate (BMR) using common equations for the Asian people. The present study aims to develop new predictive equations for the Iranian people and to compare these equations with commonly used formulas. Materials and Methods: Total, 150healthy subjects aged 18-60 yrare invited to the Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute. Demographic data are gathered using a questionnaire. Then, anthropometric measures are taken and blood sampling is done for thyroid function tests. If the subject merits all the inclusion criteria, indirect calorimetry will be performed. The value of BMR will be predicted using common equations (Harris-Benedict, FAO/WHO/UNU, Miffilin). Differences between predicted (using equations) and measured (using indirect calorimetry) values are estimated. Correlations between the two sets of data is performed using Pearson or Spearman coefficients. Between-method agreement is checked using Bland-AltmanPlot. Accuracy of the predicted values using equations isconsidered as the proportion of participants whose calculated BMR is 90-110% of their measured BMR. Multiple regression analysis is employed to develop new predictive equations for the BMR based on the independent variables. Conclusions: Since facilities for the measurement of BMR may not be accessible in many clinical or research settings, BMR is usually estimated using predictive equations. However, several studies have reported inaccuracy of these equations for certain populations. Therefore, development of new population-specific predictive equations seems reasonable. These equations could hopefully reduce the energy estimation errors both in clinical nutritional interventions and community-based nutrition researches.
{"title":"Development of New Predictive Equations to Estimate Basal Metabolic Rrates in Iranian Adults: A Study Protocol","authors":"B. Nikooyeh, T. Neyestani","doi":"10.29252/NFSR.6.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/NFSR.6.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Studies indicate over-estimation of basal metabolic rate (BMR) using common equations for the Asian people. The present study aims to develop new predictive equations for the Iranian people and to compare these equations with commonly used formulas. Materials and Methods: Total, 150healthy subjects aged 18-60 yrare invited to the Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute. Demographic data are gathered using a questionnaire. Then, anthropometric measures are taken and blood sampling is done for thyroid function tests. If the subject merits all the inclusion criteria, indirect calorimetry will be performed. The value of BMR will be predicted using common equations (Harris-Benedict, FAO/WHO/UNU, Miffilin). Differences between predicted (using equations) and measured (using indirect calorimetry) values are estimated. Correlations between the two sets of data is performed using Pearson or Spearman coefficients. Between-method agreement is checked using Bland-AltmanPlot. Accuracy of the predicted values using equations isconsidered as the proportion of participants whose calculated BMR is 90-110% of their measured BMR. Multiple regression analysis is employed to develop new predictive equations for the BMR based on the independent variables. Conclusions: Since facilities for the measurement of BMR may not be accessible in many clinical or research settings, BMR is usually estimated using predictive equations. However, several studies have reported inaccuracy of these equations for certain populations. Therefore, development of new population-specific predictive equations seems reasonable. These equations could hopefully reduce the energy estimation errors both in clinical nutritional interventions and community-based nutrition researches.","PeriodicalId":325113,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Food Sciences Research","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128454525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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