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IEEE/SEMI 1996 Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop. Theme-Innovative Approaches to Growth in the Semiconductor Industry. ASMC 96 Proceedings最新文献

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Manufacturing scrap reduction team 减少制造废料小组
K. Daigle, R. Powell
In today's highly competitive: marketplace, working better, smarter, and more cost effectively is essential. The scrap created during manufacturing can either sharpen or diminish a company's competitive edge. Customers require that their orders be delivered on time with yield quality that either meets or exceeds specifications. In Hot Process, scrap and hold lots were becoming a very serious problem that affected the manufacturing team's performance, customers orders, and delivery schedule. To alleviate this problem, each project was directed to address its part of this critical defect issue. The Hot Process project with manufacturing production control, acting as an empowered self-directed group, formed a market-driven team for scrap which could help improve production yields and reduce defects. Issues identified by the team included the lack of a unified procedure for documenting scrap, wafer-handling concerns suggested by new and experienced operators, and how best to focus on single wafer scrap and the cause of that scrap, and its correction or prevention. This paper describes the team's plan (or unified assault) to increase yields by reducing defects and how a common accounting procedure was implemented to review existing departmental practices which could result in a common scrap procedure. Also addressed are the several wafer-handling issues which resulted in revised wafer-handling class that more adequately reflects the nature of today's defects and enhances operator understanding of the the underlying costs associated with how scrap affects yield. Finally, this paper discusses the measurement and reporting of our Hot Process scrap team's yield improvements and defect reductions at bimonthly meetings with management.
在当今竞争激烈的市场中,更好、更聪明、更有效地工作是必不可少的。制造过程中产生的废料可以增强或削弱公司的竞争优势。客户要求他们的订单按时交付,产品质量达到或超过规格。在热加工过程中,废品件和滞留件已经成为一个非常严重的问题,影响了制造团队的绩效、客户订单和交货进度。为了缓解这个问题,每个项目都被指导去处理这个关键缺陷问题的它的部分。热加工项目与制造生产控制,作为一个授权的自我指导小组,形成了一个市场驱动的废料小组,可以帮助提高生产产量和减少缺陷。小组发现的问题包括缺乏统一的废料记录程序,新手和经验丰富的操作员建议的晶圆处理问题,以及如何最好地关注单个晶圆废料和废料的原因,以及纠正或预防。本文描述了团队通过减少缺陷来提高产量的计划(或统一攻击),以及如何实施一个通用的会计程序来审查现有的部门实践,这可能导致一个通用的报废程序。此外,还讨论了几个晶圆处理问题,这些问题导致了晶圆处理等级的修订,以更充分地反映当今缺陷的性质,并增强操作员对与废料如何影响良率相关的潜在成本的理解。最后,本文讨论了我们的热加工废料小组的产量改进和缺陷减少的测量和报告在两个月的会议与管理层。
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引用次数: 2
A systematic team approach for improving LPCVD silicon nitride reactor performance 改进LPCVD氮化硅反应器性能的系统团队方法
B. Pollard, P. Betti, D. Proctor
Silicon nitride, often used to define the device active area, is a critical film with a long history in the semiconductor industry. The film is typically formed in a Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD) reactor. As device geometries shrink below 0.5 /spl mu/m, the need for repeatable nitride particle control is essential to yielding product. Achieving consistent uptime on these LPCVD reactors is equally important to meet increasing productivity requirements. This paper demonstrates how the performance of two horizontal silicon nitride reactors was greatly improved and particle excursions were reduced through a series of process and hardware improvements developed by a team of engineers and technicians. The team started by identifying all known process and equipment failures. Next potential solutions for the failures were developed. The team utilized a systematic approach so that both technical and practical issues were addressed. The potential solutions were ranked and then implemented based on the ones which gave the most return on investment. The most significant technical problem addressed was the effect of the pumpdown delay following door seal on particle performance. Many of the solutions were associated with upgrades that reduced the time it takes for the system to begin pumping down from atmospheric pressure. As a result the number of particle excursions were reduced by a factor of three. Other hardware upgrades were done to reduce intermittent pumpdown and ventup failures. A 40% improvement was seen in the performance of the two nitride systems after the solutions were implemented.
氮化硅通常用于定义器件的有源面积,是半导体工业中具有悠久历史的关键薄膜。薄膜通常是在低压化学气相沉积(LPCVD)反应器中形成的。随着器件几何尺寸缩小到0.5 /spl mu/m以下,对可重复的氮化物颗粒控制的需求对于生产产品至关重要。在这些LPCVD反应器上实现一致的正常运行时间对于满足不断增长的生产力要求同样重要。本文演示了两个水平氮化硅反应器如何通过一系列的工艺和硬件改进,大大提高了性能,减少了粒子漂移。该小组首先确定所有已知的工艺和设备故障。接下来,针对这些故障开发了可能的解决方案。该团队采用了一种系统的方法,以便解决技术和实际问题。对潜在的解决方案进行排名,然后根据投资回报最高的方案实施。解决的最重要的技术问题是门密封后泵下延迟对颗粒性能的影响。许多解决方案都与升级有关,以减少系统从大气压开始抽气所需的时间。结果,粒子漂移的次数减少了三分之一。其他硬件升级是为了减少间歇性泵降和排气故障。实施该解决方案后,两种氮化物系统的性能提高了40%。
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引用次数: 0
Overall fab efficiency [semiconductor manufacturing] 整体晶圆厂效率〔半导体制造〕
J. Bonal, C. Ortega, L. Rios, S. Aparicio, M. Fernandez, M. Rosendo, A. Sanchez, S. Malvar
The constant increase of the capital needed for a semiconductor facility has brought a huge interest in two methodologies: Theory of Constraints (TOC) and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) which have been shown to be adequate in optimizing the return on capital equipment. This article shows that both methodologies are convergent. The appropriate use of both together can make it possible to maintain productivity improvement rates in the semiconductor business. The Overall Equipment Efficiency (OEE) measurements are the driver metrics for an effective TPM program. OEE measurements are easy to obtain, nevertheless, the analysis of these parameters requires a large amount of accurate data that are difficult to obtain in a production environment. In addition, it needs the dedication of a considerable amount of effort and human resources to improve in all the organizations (production, maintenance, engineering, etc.). It is widely accepted that bottlenecks should be entered in a TPM program, but for non-bottlenecks, it is not easy to determine which machines should enter the program, their target and their impact on the global fab efficiency. In this study we present a systematic method of approaching this problem.
半导体设施所需资本的不断增加引起了人们对两种方法的极大兴趣:约束理论(TOC)和全面生产维护(TPM),这两种方法已被证明足以优化资本设备的回报。本文表明这两种方法是收敛的。两者的适当使用可以使半导体业务保持生产率的提高速度成为可能。总体设备效率(OEE)度量是有效TPM计划的驱动度量。OEE测量很容易获得,然而,对这些参数的分析需要大量准确的数据,而这些数据在生产环境中很难获得。此外,它需要在所有组织(生产、维护、工程等)中投入大量的精力和人力资源来改进。人们普遍认为应该在TPM计划中进入瓶颈,但对于非瓶颈,确定哪些机器应该进入该计划,其目标及其对全球晶圆厂效率的影响并不容易。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种系统的方法来解决这个问题。
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引用次数: 7
HDP dielectric BEOL gapfill: a process for manufacturing HDP介电BEOL间隙:一种制造工艺
M. Broomfield, T. Spooner
As BEOL spacing decreases and aspect ratios increase, conventional dielectric gap filling techniques begin to lose capability. At Digital Semiconductor two different ILD gap fill processes have been evaluated for running in production. At or below 0.5 um spacing an integrated PETEOS/SACVD PETEOS gap fill process showed great variability in providing good gap fill without the creation of voids. In our 0.35 um process an HDP oxide deposition using an ECR deposition system has now replaced the PETEOS/SACVD gap fill process. While providing process simplification in the deposition tool, tool availability, integration, yield and device testing have shown that the HDP process is equally capable while providing robust void free gap fill. The HDP ECR oxide has been integrated with a conventional PECVD TEOS oxide deposition and CMP in a 4 layer metal 0.35 um process. The integration of an HDP oxide with a high throughput PETEOS deposition tool provides manufacturing with a high throughput process. CMP provides global planarization, essential for photo depth of field and integration with tungsten plug formation.
随着BEOL间距的减小和纵横比的增加,传统的介电隙填充技术开始失去能力。在Digital Semiconductor,两种不同的ILD间隙填充工艺已经在生产中进行了评估。在0.5 um或以下的间距下,集成PETEOS/SACVD的PETEOS间隙填充工艺在提供良好的间隙填充而不产生空隙方面表现出很大的可变性。在我们的0.35 um工艺中,使用ECR沉积系统的HDP氧化物沉积现在已经取代了PETEOS/SACVD间隙填充工艺。在简化沉积工具工艺的同时,工具的可用性、集成度、良率和设备测试表明,HDP工艺在提供强大的无空隙填充的同时也具有同样的能力。HDP ECR氧化物已与传统的PECVD TEOS氧化物沉积和CMP集成在4层金属0.35 um工艺中。HDP氧化物与高通量PETEOS沉积工具的集成为制造提供了高通量工艺。CMP提供了全局平面化,这对光景深和钨塞地层集成至关重要。
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引用次数: 2
Capacity planning for development wafer fab expansion 发展晶圆厂扩建的产能规划
W. Chou, J. Everton
The simulation model described offers many different opportunities for increasing understanding of a development wafer fab. The results of simulation runs must be analyzed with an understanding of the effect of randomness on the model. Multiple random number runs might be required to confirm a model result. Simulation models can account for dynamic interactions between wafers, tools and operators. The variety of statistics can be used to better understand and interpret the model results. Simulation provides the benefit of experimenting with the fab without buying equipment. In the case of Fujitsu, production volumes were increasing. The model provided information on staffing requirements and new tool acquisitions required to support higher levels of production.
所描述的仿真模型为增加对开发晶圆厂的理解提供了许多不同的机会。在分析模拟运行的结果时,必须理解随机性对模型的影响。可能需要多次随机数运行来确认模型结果。仿真模型可以解释晶圆、工具和操作人员之间的动态相互作用。各种统计数据可以用来更好地理解和解释模型结果。模拟提供了在不购买设备的情况下对晶圆厂进行试验的好处。以富士通为例,其产量一直在增加。该模型提供了支持更高生产水平所需的人员配置需求和新工具购置方面的信息。
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引用次数: 11
Advanced yield enhancement: computer-based spatial pattern analysis. Part 1 先进的产量提高:基于计算机的空间格局分析。第1部分
F. Lee, A. Chatterjee, D. Croley
Wafer-level defect distributions and yield patterns are a significant source of information about the performance of a manufacturing line. Computer-based techniques are ideal for pattern analysis because they provide the ability to quickly perform systematic, repetitive analyses on large data sets. The development of algorithms for computer-based spatial pattern analysis are described and initial test results are presented. Integration of automated spatial pattern analysis into the manufacturing process is discussed.
晶圆级缺陷分布和良率模式是有关生产线性能的重要信息来源。基于计算机的技术是模式分析的理想选择,因为它们提供了对大型数据集快速执行系统、重复分析的能力。描述了基于计算机的空间格局分析算法的发展,并给出了初步的测试结果。讨论了自动化空间模式分析在制造过程中的集成。
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引用次数: 16
Comparative advantage through manufacturing execution systems 通过制造执行系统获得比较优势
D. Scott
Historically, manufacturers have had to choose between using an integrated MES system (often large, costly, monolithic, and insufficiently configurable), or using multiple point solutions (resulting in multiple databases, different user interfaces, different models, and integration nightmares). Today, manufacturers can have both. They can now purchase point solutions that are easily and seamlessly integratable.
从历史上看,制造商不得不在使用集成MES系统(通常是大型、昂贵、单片且配置不足)或使用多点解决方案(导致多个数据库、不同的用户界面、不同的模型和集成噩梦)之间做出选择。如今,制造商可以两者兼得。他们现在可以购买易于无缝集成的点解决方案。
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引用次数: 29
Real-time process monitoring [semiconductor manufacturing line] 实时过程监控[半导体生产线]
R. Bunkofske, N. T. Pascoe, J. Colt, M. W. Smit
This paper discusses the building, installation and integration of a data acquisition and analysis system in a semiconductor manufacturing line known as the real time process monitoring system (RTPM). It describes how it has been integrated with the site logistics system, the statistical process control system, and the characterization data base to provide improved process control, increased tool availability, and enhanced yield learning.
本文讨论了实时过程监控系统(RTPM)在半导体生产线上的数据采集和分析系统的构建、安装和集成。它描述了它如何与现场物流系统、统计过程控制系统和表征数据库集成,以提供改进的过程控制、增加的工具可用性和增强的产量学习。
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引用次数: 4
A new chemistry for a high-density plasma etcher that improves etch rate loading on the TiN ARC layer when geometries are below 0.5 micron 一种用于高密度等离子体蚀刻的新化学物质,当几何形状低于0.5微米时,可以提高TiN ARC层上的蚀刻速率
S. Abraham
A series of process tests were conducted on a high density plasma etcher to improve the etch rate loading. Etch rate loading arises mainly from two different factors which are microloading and aspect ratio dependent etch (ARDE). Microloading can be defined as the etch rate non-uniformities due to pattern density variations. ARDE can be explained as etch nonuniformities between lines with different aspect ratios. Microloading is mainly a flow dependent phenomena while ARDE shows dependence on process chemistries as well. In this study, a new chemistry is introduced for etching the titanium nitride (TiN) ARC layer. With the introduction of this new chemistry, microloading for 0.5 micron geometry is improved by almost 50% compared to the values obtained from the baseline process. The new chemistry provides approximately 5:1 selectivity to the underlying oxide, and gives very high selectivity to the aluminum layer. When using this chemistry, the etch rate of the titanium nitride layer is more than a micron per minute. Details of the improvement obtained in etch rate loading and mechanisms that explain the observed trends are provided in the current paper. Different etch chemistries as well as the new chemistry were tried for the titanium nitride ARC layer etch, and a comparative evaluation of the process performance was done based on the different chemistries. Conventional BCl/sub 3//Cl/sub 2/ chemistry was mainly used for etching the aluminum bulk layer underneath it.
在高密度等离子体蚀刻机上进行了一系列工艺试验,以提高蚀刻速率。蚀刻速率加载主要由两个不同的因素引起,即微加载和宽高比依赖蚀刻(ARDE)。微加载可以定义为由于图案密度变化导致的蚀刻速率不均匀性。ARDE可以解释为具有不同宽高比的线条之间的蚀刻不均匀性。微加载主要是一种依赖于流动的现象,而ARDE也表现出对工艺化学的依赖。介绍了一种新的蚀刻氮化钛(TiN)电弧层的化学方法。随着这种新化学物质的引入,与基线工艺获得的值相比,0.5微米几何尺寸的微载荷提高了近50%。这种新的化学反应为底层的氧化物提供了大约5:1的选择性,并为铝层提供了非常高的选择性。当使用这种化学方法时,氮化钛层的蚀刻速率超过每分钟一微米。本文提供了在蚀刻速率加载和解释观察到的趋势的机制方面所获得的改进的细节。对氮化钛电弧层蚀刻进行了不同的蚀刻工艺和新化学工艺的试验,并对不同化学工艺的工艺性能进行了比较评价。传统的BCl/sub - 3//Cl/sub - 2化学法主要用于蚀刻其下方的铝体层。
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引用次数: 5
Automated metrology for increased throughput and reliability 自动化计量,提高吞吐量和可靠性
E. E. Chain
The increasing capacity of modern wafer fabrication facilities requires automated metrology methods. Automation provides a significantly improved measurement capability, coupled with increased manufacturing throughput, compared to standard methods. Successful integration of automated metrology into the factory measurement system requires that automated functions, such as pattern recognition, display a high degree of reliability. Data is required on automation, and can be collected on every part measured, along with the collection of measurement data. Reliability data analysis permits rapid identification of automation weaknesses, leading to rapid improvements. This analysis can be applied to such in-line measurements as CD (critical dimension), overlay, particle and film thickness. Results are presented for the CD SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope).
现代晶圆制造设备的容量不断增加,需要自动化的计量方法。与标准方法相比,自动化提供了显著改进的测量能力,并增加了制造吞吐量。将自动化计量成功地集成到工厂测量系统中,要求模式识别等自动化功能具有高度的可靠性。自动化需要数据,并且可以收集每个被测量部件的数据,以及测量数据的收集。可靠性数据分析允许快速识别自动化弱点,从而导致快速改进。这种分析可以应用于诸如CD(临界尺寸)、覆盖层、颗粒和薄膜厚度等在线测量。给出了扫描电子显微镜(CD SEM)的结果。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
IEEE/SEMI 1996 Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop. Theme-Innovative Approaches to Growth in the Semiconductor Industry. ASMC 96 Proceedings
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