Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2020.003.02.6
R. Damayanti, S. Sandra, Novita Riski Nanda
Cacao pod husk and rice straw charcoal are potentially transformed into bio-pellet because of their high calorific value. Cocoa pod husk and rice straw charcoal has a calorific value of 4974.837 cal/g and 3569.837 cal/g, respectively. This research aimed to identify the effect of variations in particle size and in the addition ratio of rice straw charcoal on the calorific value of bio-pellet. Randomized block design factorial were employed in this study with factor of the addition ratio of rice straw charcoal and cacao pod husk (i.e. 0%:100%, 20% : 80%, 40% : 60%) and the particle size (i.e. 20, 40, 60 and 80 mesh). The results showed that rice straw charcoal addition resulted bio-pellet with the calorific value of 4111.93 – 4706.57 cal/g, and fulfill the SNI of bio-pellet (SNI 8021-2014). The treatment with addition of 100% cocoa pod husk and 80 mesh particle size generated the superior quality of bio-pellet. The findings confirmed that addition of rice straw charcoal did not enhance the energy potential (i.e. calorific value) of the bio-pellets, hence it is unfavourable option.
{"title":"The effect of adding rice straw charcoal to the processing of bio-pellet from cacao pod husk","authors":"R. Damayanti, S. Sandra, Novita Riski Nanda","doi":"10.21776/ub.afssaae.2020.003.02.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2020.003.02.6","url":null,"abstract":"Cacao pod husk and rice straw charcoal are potentially transformed into bio-pellet because of their high calorific value. Cocoa pod husk and rice straw charcoal has a calorific value of 4974.837 cal/g and 3569.837 cal/g, respectively. This research aimed to identify the effect of variations in particle size and in the addition ratio of rice straw charcoal on the calorific value of bio-pellet. Randomized block design factorial were employed in this study with factor of the addition ratio of rice straw charcoal and cacao pod husk (i.e. 0%:100%, 20% : 80%, 40% : 60%) and the particle size (i.e. 20, 40, 60 and 80 mesh). The results showed that rice straw charcoal addition resulted bio-pellet with the calorific value of 4111.93 – 4706.57 cal/g, and fulfill the SNI of bio-pellet (SNI 8021-2014). The treatment with addition of 100% cocoa pod husk and 80 mesh particle size generated the superior quality of bio-pellet. The findings confirmed that addition of rice straw charcoal did not enhance the energy potential (i.e. calorific value) of the bio-pellets, hence it is unfavourable option.","PeriodicalId":325722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123511081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-09DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2020.003.02.1
Archie Lauderes
Low production in white corn is usually encountered by many farmers due to the reduction of production areas, incidence of pest and diseases, soil degradation in terms of fertility and acidity and climate change. As the world population continues to expand, there is greater pressure on resources essential for food production, including fossil energy. Hence, quest for additional calorie food sources that will require less energy and less water are needed. Data in this study were gathered using formal survey questionnaire to account the energy bill, CO2 emissions, and identify the high consuming practices in all production stages of corn. Under the farming conditions of Calbayog, Samar, at the energy audit analyses showed that white corn had 2,822.43 Mcal or 247.28 Liter Diesel Oil Equivalent (LDOE) which emits 978.12 kg of CO2 per hectare.
{"title":"Energy bill and CO2 emissions of white corn (Zea mays) production systems of Calbayog, Samar, Philippines","authors":"Archie Lauderes","doi":"10.21776/ub.afssaae.2020.003.02.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2020.003.02.1","url":null,"abstract":"Low production in white corn is usually encountered by many farmers due to the reduction of production areas, incidence of pest and diseases, soil degradation in terms of fertility and acidity and climate change. As the world population continues to expand, there is greater pressure on resources essential for food production, including fossil energy. Hence, quest for additional calorie food sources that will require less energy and less water are needed. Data in this study were gathered using formal survey questionnaire to account the energy bill, CO2 emissions, and identify the high consuming practices in all production stages of corn. Under the farming conditions of Calbayog, Samar, at the energy audit analyses showed that white corn had 2,822.43 Mcal or 247.28 Liter Diesel Oil Equivalent (LDOE) which emits 978.12 kg of CO2 per hectare.","PeriodicalId":325722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115841512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2020.003.01.3
I. Zikri, S. Safrida, E. Susanti, R. A. Putri
The import of soybean is still a necessity for the Indonesian government to meet the gap between domestic demand and supply. This paper aims to analyze the trends of soybean import and its contributing factors in Indonesia. The study employs a descriptive analysis by using secondary data in the form of time series from 2003-2017. Data analysis uses trends analysis and single equation model with Ordinary Least Square method. The main finding shows the trends of soybean production are to follow a quadratic pattern, tends to decrease with an average 6.12% per year, while demand and import linearly tend to increase respectively with an average 3.30% and 3.03% per year in 2018-2022. The projection of the production will increase 27,60% in 2018 from the previous year and will gradually continue to decline to 0.4 million tons in 2022. Meanwhile, domestic demand projects 3,3 million tons in 2018 will increase to 3.7 million tons, and import volume is 2.5 million tons in 2018 and will increase to 3.0 million tons by 2022. The main factors contributing to the import partially are domestic production and demands and follow by the exchange rate, the national and international prices of soybeans. Statistically shows the increasing every ton of production will affect to decrease 1,02 tons of import volume, and the increasing every ton of demand will increase 0.99 tons of import volume. Thus, the import policy is still unable to stimulate domestic production to fulfill the increasing domestic demand.
{"title":"Analysis of trend and determinant factors of imported soybean in the period of 2003-2022","authors":"I. Zikri, S. Safrida, E. Susanti, R. A. Putri","doi":"10.21776/ub.afssaae.2020.003.01.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2020.003.01.3","url":null,"abstract":"The import of soybean is still a necessity for the Indonesian government to meet the gap between domestic demand and supply. This paper aims to analyze the trends of soybean import and its contributing factors in Indonesia. The study employs a descriptive analysis by using secondary data in the form of time series from 2003-2017. Data analysis uses trends analysis and single equation model with Ordinary Least Square method. The main finding shows the trends of soybean production are to follow a quadratic pattern, tends to decrease with an average 6.12% per year, while demand and import linearly tend to increase respectively with an average 3.30% and 3.03% per year in 2018-2022. The projection of the production will increase 27,60% in 2018 from the previous year and will gradually continue to decline to 0.4 million tons in 2022. Meanwhile, domestic demand projects 3,3 million tons in 2018 will increase to 3.7 million tons, and import volume is 2.5 million tons in 2018 and will increase to 3.0 million tons by 2022. The main factors contributing to the import partially are domestic production and demands and follow by the exchange rate, the national and international prices of soybeans. Statistically shows the increasing every ton of production will affect to decrease 1,02 tons of import volume, and the increasing every ton of demand will increase 0.99 tons of import volume. Thus, the import policy is still unable to stimulate domestic production to fulfill the increasing domestic demand.","PeriodicalId":325722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124664362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2020.003.01.5
M. Ali
UASB technology has been widely adopted for the treatment wastewaters in warm climates. Operation at low temperature wastewaters still present some challenges. When working at lower temperatures a number of operational problems were experienced associated with the accumulation of biogas and wastewater solids in or below the sludge bed. Physical entrapment of the biogas produced formed a buoyant plug, which had a tendency to float the sludge bed. An operational solution to this problem was found which involved fluidising the bed once a day to ensure better distribution of organic solids and allow the release of any trapped biogas. This was achieved by pumping biogas directly from the reactor headspace back up through the bed for a period of ~4 minutes, then allowing the bed to settle for a short period (< 10 minutes) before allowing the effluent to discharge. This mode of operation has not been previously been reported and represents a valuable low-energy approach to dealing with high solids wastewaters of this type at low operating temperatures. The results confirmed that full flow treatment under ambient conditions, without heating of the UASB reactor, was feasible.
{"title":"Problems encountered during the start-up of up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors (UASB) at 20 ⁰C & 15 ⁰C","authors":"M. Ali","doi":"10.21776/ub.afssaae.2020.003.01.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2020.003.01.5","url":null,"abstract":"UASB technology has been widely adopted for the treatment wastewaters in warm climates. Operation at low temperature wastewaters still present some challenges. When working at lower temperatures a number of operational problems were experienced associated with the accumulation of biogas and wastewater solids in or below the sludge bed. Physical entrapment of the biogas produced formed a buoyant plug, which had a tendency to float the sludge bed. An operational solution to this problem was found which involved fluidising the bed once a day to ensure better distribution of organic solids and allow the release of any trapped biogas. This was achieved by pumping biogas directly from the reactor headspace back up through the bed for a period of ~4 minutes, then allowing the bed to settle for a short period (< 10 minutes) before allowing the effluent to discharge. This mode of operation has not been previously been reported and represents a valuable low-energy approach to dealing with high solids wastewaters of this type at low operating temperatures. The results confirmed that full flow treatment under ambient conditions, without heating of the UASB reactor, was feasible.","PeriodicalId":325722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130679006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.21776/UB.AFSSAAE.2020.003.01
Y. Hendrawan, Dikianur Alvianto, S. Sumarlan, Y. Wibisono
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a biopolymer produced by various types of bacteria under conditions of unbalanced growth. One of the bacteria generating PHA is Pseudomonas fluorescens with a carbon source in the form of molasses. This study aim ed to determine the effect of molasses concentration and incubation period on biomass and PHA characteristics. This study utili s ed two factor s , such as molasses concentration of 40, 60, 80 g/L, and incubation period for 3, 5, 7 days. The research result indicated the highest biomass yield was obtained from the treatment of 40 g/L molasses concentration and in 7-day incubation period , with dry cell weight values of 1 , 955 g/L, PHA weight of 0.756 g/L, dry cell yield of 2.036%, and PHA yield of 39.06% , respectively . The visual characteristics of PHA samples were indicated with brownish and granular state , while the melting point and functional group s were identical to pure polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). The characteristics of the PHB structure obtained from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, depicting: C = O esters, CH 3 , CH 2 , -C-O-, -C-O-C Polymers, and C-C. The melting point of PHA samples , using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis, was 166.4 o C and an enthalpy of -13.885 J/g with 9.5% degree of crystalli s ation.
{"title":"Characterization of Pseudomonas fluorescens polyhydroxyalkanoate produced from molasses as a carbon source","authors":"Y. Hendrawan, Dikianur Alvianto, S. Sumarlan, Y. Wibisono","doi":"10.21776/UB.AFSSAAE.2020.003.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/UB.AFSSAAE.2020.003.01","url":null,"abstract":"Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a biopolymer produced by various types of bacteria under conditions of unbalanced growth. One of the bacteria generating PHA is Pseudomonas fluorescens with a carbon source in the form of molasses. This study aim ed to determine the effect of molasses concentration and incubation period on biomass and PHA characteristics. This study utili s ed two factor s , such as molasses concentration of 40, 60, 80 g/L, and incubation period for 3, 5, 7 days. The research result indicated the highest biomass yield was obtained from the treatment of 40 g/L molasses concentration and in 7-day incubation period , with dry cell weight values of 1 , 955 g/L, PHA weight of 0.756 g/L, dry cell yield of 2.036%, and PHA yield of 39.06% , respectively . The visual characteristics of PHA samples were indicated with brownish and granular state , while the melting point and functional group s were identical to pure polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). The characteristics of the PHB structure obtained from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, depicting: C = O esters, CH 3 , CH 2 , -C-O-, -C-O-C Polymers, and C-C. The melting point of PHA samples , using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis, was 166.4 o C and an enthalpy of -13.885 J/g with 9.5% degree of crystalli s ation.","PeriodicalId":325722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121431127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fertiliser is one of the important components in agricultural practices, mainly applied to increase plant’s productivity and soil’s quality. However, the use of chemical fertiliser is still favourable among most of the farmers due to its great contribution on improving crop yields. Currently, organic fertiliser is widely used to substitute chemical fertiliser as it can reduce the risk of build-ups of toxic chemical, making it as sustainable and environmental friendly option in agriculture farming system. There are various types of organic fertilisers, including vermicompost and compost. Worm casting is a type of organic fertiliser produced from a mixture of earthworm drop (or waste) and other organic materials. While compost is an organic fertiliser derived from the decomposition of plant or animal waste and/or a mixture of both wastes. Organic fertiliser can improve the chemical, physical and biological properties of the soil and can be used in various agricultural businesses such as vegetables, ornamental plants, fruits, and etc. This research aimed to compare the quality of vermicompost and commercial compost, as well as to evaluate their application on the growth of red spinach plant growth. The results indicated that vermicompost has superior quality compared with commercial compost. Further application of vermicompost has significantly enhanced the growth of red spinach, as indicated by the highest number of plant leaves and height.
{"title":"Production of compost and worm casting organic fertiliser from lumbricus rubellus and its application to growth of red spinach plant (Altenanthera amoena V.)","authors":"Irvan Adhin Cholilie, Tutik Ratna Sari, Renica Nurhermawati","doi":"10.21776/ub.afssaae.2019.002.01.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2019.002.01.5","url":null,"abstract":"Fertiliser is one of the important components in agricultural practices, mainly applied to increase plant’s productivity and soil’s quality. However, the use of chemical fertiliser is still favourable among most of the farmers due to its great contribution on improving crop yields. Currently, organic fertiliser is widely used to substitute chemical fertiliser as it can reduce the risk of build-ups of toxic chemical, making it as sustainable and environmental friendly option in agriculture farming system. There are various types of organic fertilisers, including vermicompost and compost. Worm casting is a type of organic fertiliser produced from a mixture of earthworm drop (or waste) and other organic materials. While compost is an organic fertiliser derived from the decomposition of plant or animal waste and/or a mixture of both wastes. Organic fertiliser can improve the chemical, physical and biological properties of the soil and can be used in various agricultural businesses such as vegetables, ornamental plants, fruits, and etc. This research aimed to compare the quality of vermicompost and commercial compost, as well as to evaluate their application on the growth of red spinach plant growth. The results indicated that vermicompost has superior quality compared with commercial compost. Further application of vermicompost has significantly enhanced the growth of red spinach, as indicated by the highest number of plant leaves and height.","PeriodicalId":325722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131217123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2019.002.01.1
L. C. Hawa, A. Lastriyanto, D. Ambarwati
Edible casing which has good mechanical properties can substitute synthetic packaging to protect products from the evapouration of water, O 2 and CO 2 transmission, extend shelf life of product and prevent environmental pollution and it can be consumed along with product which packed in it. Therefore, it is important to evaluate permeability of edible casing in order to determine the value of water vapour transmission, O 2 and CO 2 gas transmission and thickness. The aims of this research were to determine the amount of water vapour transmission by following ASTM Standard E-96 and and evaluate gas permeability. The gas barrier properties of the casing films were analysed using manometric method (ASTM D 1434). The experimental design used in this research was Randomized Block Design with 2 factors; plasticiser type (glycerol, sorbitol, sucrose) and garlic concentration (2.5%, 5%, 10%) with three replicates. The properties evaluated were thickness and value of O 2 and CO 2 gas transmission. The results showed that type of plasticiser and concentration of garlic affect significantly on thickness, water vapour transmission, O 2 and CO 2 gas transmission. The interaction of two factors has also significantly affected on thickness, water vapour transmission, O 2 and CO 2 gas transmission. The best combination according to Zeleny method was obtained on sucrose plasticiser and garlic 5% with thickness 0.073 mm, water vapour transmission 0.56 g/m 2 /h, O 2 gas transmission 1.6 × 10 -4 cc.mm/m 2 .24h.kPa and CO 2 gas transmission 3.4 × 10 -4 cc.mm/m 2 .24h.kPa.
{"title":"O2 and CO2 permeability apparatus for sausage edible casing : design and performance test","authors":"L. C. Hawa, A. Lastriyanto, D. Ambarwati","doi":"10.21776/ub.afssaae.2019.002.01.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2019.002.01.1","url":null,"abstract":"Edible casing which has good mechanical properties can substitute synthetic packaging to protect products from the evapouration of water, O 2 and CO 2 transmission, extend shelf life of product and prevent environmental pollution and it can be consumed along with product which packed in it. Therefore, it is important to evaluate permeability of edible casing in order to determine the value of water vapour transmission, O 2 and CO 2 gas transmission and thickness. The aims of this research were to determine the amount of water vapour transmission by following ASTM Standard E-96 and and evaluate gas permeability. The gas barrier properties of the casing films were analysed using manometric method (ASTM D 1434). The experimental design used in this research was Randomized Block Design with 2 factors; plasticiser type (glycerol, sorbitol, sucrose) and garlic concentration (2.5%, 5%, 10%) with three replicates. The properties evaluated were thickness and value of O 2 and CO 2 gas transmission. The results showed that type of plasticiser and concentration of garlic affect significantly on thickness, water vapour transmission, O 2 and CO 2 gas transmission. The interaction of two factors has also significantly affected on thickness, water vapour transmission, O 2 and CO 2 gas transmission. The best combination according to Zeleny method was obtained on sucrose plasticiser and garlic 5% with thickness 0.073 mm, water vapour transmission 0.56 g/m 2 /h, O 2 gas transmission 1.6 × 10 -4 cc.mm/m 2 .24h.kPa and CO 2 gas transmission 3.4 × 10 -4 cc.mm/m 2 .24h.kPa.","PeriodicalId":325722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133755887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.21776/UB.AFSSAAE.2019.002.01.3
K. Fibrianto, H. Syahrastani, Lutfiani A. Nisa, L. Y. Wahibah
It has been commonly perceived for majority Indonesian public that unless eating steamed-rice, they would not be feeling full. This current study aims to investigate possible reasons in sensory perspective to understand that public perception on satiety of Indonesian traditionally rice products, including steamed rice, ‘lontong’ and ‘ketupat’. Samples were presented by both same amount of mass (iso-mass) and same amount of calorie (iso-calorie), which allows modifying satiety perceptions. The assessment was conducted by measuring modified Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Based on Pearson Correlation method, the result indicates that satiety perception tends to be affected by dimensions (volume of rice products) in both iso-mass and iso-calorie servings (α<0.05). However, the level of satisfaction did not showed a strong correlation to any physical parameters of samples. Therefore, it is suggested that psychological driven factor such as food habit is more dominating in terms of rice satiety in Indonesia rather than metabolic factor.
{"title":"The influence of food dimension (texture and volume) from processed rice (rice, lontong, and ketupat) to the perception of satiety and consumer satisfaction level","authors":"K. Fibrianto, H. Syahrastani, Lutfiani A. Nisa, L. Y. Wahibah","doi":"10.21776/UB.AFSSAAE.2019.002.01.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/UB.AFSSAAE.2019.002.01.3","url":null,"abstract":"It has been commonly perceived for majority Indonesian public that unless eating steamed-rice, they would not be feeling full. This current study aims to investigate possible reasons in sensory perspective to understand that public perception on satiety of Indonesian traditionally rice products, including steamed rice, ‘lontong’ and ‘ketupat’. Samples were presented by both same amount of mass (iso-mass) and same amount of calorie (iso-calorie), which allows modifying satiety perceptions. The assessment was conducted by measuring modified Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Based on Pearson Correlation method, the result indicates that satiety perception tends to be affected by dimensions (volume of rice products) in both iso-mass and iso-calorie servings (α<0.05). However, the level of satisfaction did not showed a strong correlation to any physical parameters of samples. Therefore, it is suggested that psychological driven factor such as food habit is more dominating in terms of rice satiety in Indonesia rather than metabolic factor.","PeriodicalId":325722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115000060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2019.002.01.2
M. Ali
The aim of the work on sulphates was to investigate their impact on UASB performance, including the response to step changes in influent concentration. It has been shown that UASB reactors treating municipal-type wastewaters at 20 C o can remove sulphate effectively even at relatively low COD/SO4 ratios and/or high concentrations. In this experiment, therefore the UASB reactors were fed on influent with different sulphate concentrations to establish the effects on key performance parameters. It was used eight 4-litre continuously fed UASB reactors. The effect of sulphate addition on methane production was much greater than on COD removal, the specific methane production and the ratio of actual to theoretical methane produced per g of COD removed showed relatively little effect from influent sulphate concentrations below ~120 mg SO 4 l -1 (COD/SO 4 ratio 5.8), although this may in part have reflected a period of acclimatisation while the population of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) increased.
{"title":"The effect of sulphates on anaerobic digestion of municipal wastewaters by using UASB reactors at 20 C","authors":"M. Ali","doi":"10.21776/ub.afssaae.2019.002.01.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2019.002.01.2","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work on sulphates was to investigate their impact on UASB performance, including the response to step changes in influent concentration. It has been shown that UASB reactors treating municipal-type wastewaters at 20 C o can remove sulphate effectively even at relatively low COD/SO4 ratios and/or high concentrations. In this experiment, therefore the UASB reactors were fed on influent with different sulphate concentrations to establish the effects on key performance parameters. It was used eight 4-litre continuously fed UASB reactors. The effect of sulphate addition on methane production was much greater than on COD removal, the specific methane production and the ratio of actual to theoretical methane produced per g of COD removed showed relatively little effect from influent sulphate concentrations below ~120 mg SO 4 l -1 (COD/SO 4 ratio 5.8), although this may in part have reflected a period of acclimatisation while the population of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) increased.","PeriodicalId":325722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129722112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2019.002.01.4
W. G. Rohmah, B. Firmansyah, M. Effendi, S. Sucipto
One of the important ingredients in cattle feed is protein. Yet, a high quality cattle feed is influenced by the balanced concentration of protein, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. Agricultural waste, such as maize crop waste, can be used as potential feedstock for making cattle feed. Silage is a product resulted from fermentation process, which was mostly used as a feed source to many livestock. Silage making is functioned to preserve the quality of the feeds. Especially during dry season. Maize silage has been highlighted to be alternative feed for livestock or cattle. This study was aimed to optimise the concentration of molasses and storage time in producing high quality maize silage. The parameters measured include pH, moisture content (MC), crude protein, and crude fibre. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with two factors was used in this study, while the optimisation was formulated using statistical software Design Expert 7.0.0. The results showed that by adding molasses of 6.97% with storage time of 240 hours, the optimum quality of maize silage was achieved, giving the value of pH (3.88), water content (23.80%), crude protein (9.01%), and crude fibre (21.67%).
{"title":"Applying response surface methodology to optimise maize silage making for cattle feed","authors":"W. G. Rohmah, B. Firmansyah, M. Effendi, S. Sucipto","doi":"10.21776/ub.afssaae.2019.002.01.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2019.002.01.4","url":null,"abstract":"One of the important ingredients in cattle feed is protein. Yet, a high quality cattle feed is influenced by the balanced concentration of protein, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. Agricultural waste, such as maize crop waste, can be used as potential feedstock for making cattle feed. Silage is a product resulted from fermentation process, which was mostly used as a feed source to many livestock. Silage making is functioned to preserve the quality of the feeds. Especially during dry season. Maize silage has been highlighted to be alternative feed for livestock or cattle. This study was aimed to optimise the concentration of molasses and storage time in producing high quality maize silage. The parameters measured include pH, moisture content (MC), crude protein, and crude fibre. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with two factors was used in this study, while the optimisation was formulated using statistical software Design Expert 7.0.0. The results showed that by adding molasses of 6.97% with storage time of 240 hours, the optimum quality of maize silage was achieved, giving the value of pH (3.88), water content (23.80%), crude protein (9.01%), and crude fibre (21.67%).","PeriodicalId":325722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123519581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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