Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.1
Ana Kemala Putri Jauhari, Jou Gerry Septian Riseno, Hidrotunnisa Hidrotunnisa
Nutmeg essential oil (Myristica fragrans) is susceptible to deterioration and chemically unstable when exposed to the environment, resulting in a loss of bioactive compounds and the development of off-flavors. Microencapsulation is then used to enhance shelf stability and nutritional value. This study aimed to attempt the nutmeg essential oil encapsulation, utilizing the spray drying technique by analyzing the effect of emulsion parameters. An array of process parameters including wall material content (7, 8, and 9%), the mass ratio of carrageenan to soy protein isolate (1:2, 1:1, 2:1), and concentration of essential oil (25, 50, and 75%) were thoroughly investigated. The results showed that almost all parameters significantly influence (p < 0.05) on determining emulsion and powder quality. The microencapsulation process with a mass ratio of carrageenan to soy protein isolate of 1:2 gave better microcapsules characteristics than other powders. The microencapsulation process that was performed with a solid content of 7% as wall material and nutmeg essential oil at the concentration of 25% as core material showed the best performance, resulting in the highest solid yield (83.33±0.37%) with good emulsion characteristics (i.e. stability, viscosity, and diameter droplet) and powder properties (i.e. moisture content, total solid, hygroscopicity, and color).
{"title":"Microencapsulation of nutmeg essential oil (Myristica fragrans) via spray drying: effects of feed emulsion parameters on emulsion and powder characteristics","authors":"Ana Kemala Putri Jauhari, Jou Gerry Septian Riseno, Hidrotunnisa Hidrotunnisa","doi":"10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.1","url":null,"abstract":"Nutmeg essential oil (Myristica fragrans) is susceptible to deterioration and chemically unstable when exposed to the environment, resulting in a loss of bioactive compounds and the development of off-flavors. Microencapsulation is then used to enhance shelf stability and nutritional value. This study aimed to attempt the nutmeg essential oil encapsulation, utilizing the spray drying technique by analyzing the effect of emulsion parameters. An array of process parameters including wall material content (7, 8, and 9%), the mass ratio of carrageenan to soy protein isolate (1:2, 1:1, 2:1), and concentration of essential oil (25, 50, and 75%) were thoroughly investigated. The results showed that almost all parameters significantly influence (p < 0.05) on determining emulsion and powder quality. The microencapsulation process with a mass ratio of carrageenan to soy protein isolate of 1:2 gave better microcapsules characteristics than other powders. The microencapsulation process that was performed with a solid content of 7% as wall material and nutmeg essential oil at the concentration of 25% as core material showed the best performance, resulting in the highest solid yield (83.33±0.37%) with good emulsion characteristics (i.e. stability, viscosity, and diameter droplet) and powder properties (i.e. moisture content, total solid, hygroscopicity, and color).","PeriodicalId":325722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116739382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.2
T. Hasna, Cinta Ayu Lestari, Widya Dwi Rukmi Putri, V. Fathuroya
The problem of plastic waste in Indonesia is increasingly worrying due to its long degradation duration. Bioplastics made from starch are easily degradable in nature and have a lower contribution to environmental pollution. This study aimed to determine the effect of ZnO and glycerol additions on the thickness, tensile strength, elongation, Young’s Modulus, water absorption, and biodegradation of bioplastics. The results indicate that adding ZnO and glycerol has significant effects on thickness, tensile strength, elongation, Young’s Modulus, water absorption, and biodegradation. A high concentration of ZnO and glycerol was parallel to an increase in the thickness of bioplastic. A high ZnO concentration and low glycerol concentration increases the tensile strength and Young’s Modulus, but decreases the water absorption. Glycerol at high concentration and ZnO at low concentration increases the elongation. The addition of ZnO in a small amount positively affects the biodegradation of bioplastics.
{"title":"The effect of ZnO (zinc oxide) and glycerol concentrations on the mechanical properties of bioplastics made from Canna tuber (Canna edulis) starch","authors":"T. Hasna, Cinta Ayu Lestari, Widya Dwi Rukmi Putri, V. Fathuroya","doi":"10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.2","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of plastic waste in Indonesia is increasingly worrying due to its long degradation duration. Bioplastics made from starch are easily degradable in nature and have a lower contribution to environmental pollution. This study aimed to determine the effect of ZnO and glycerol additions on the thickness, tensile strength, elongation, Young’s Modulus, water absorption, and biodegradation of bioplastics. The results indicate that adding ZnO and glycerol has significant effects on thickness, tensile strength, elongation, Young’s Modulus, water absorption, and biodegradation. A high concentration of ZnO and glycerol was parallel to an increase in the thickness of bioplastic. A high ZnO concentration and low glycerol concentration increases the tensile strength and Young’s Modulus, but decreases the water absorption. Glycerol at high concentration and ZnO at low concentration increases the elongation. The addition of ZnO in a small amount positively affects the biodegradation of bioplastics.","PeriodicalId":325722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132483443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.6
Surya Ari Widya, M. Arifin, Sri Wiyatiningsih
Marginal soil is infertile soil caused by various factors, one of which is the excessive accumulation of heavy metals. FOBIO microorganism-based biopesticide formula containing phosphate solubilizing bacteria is expected to be used to reduce excess heavy metals in the soil. Brasica rapa L. is a variety resistant to Pb heavy metal stress and absorbs more heavy metals into root tissue than leaf tissue with the help of microorganisms. This study aimed to determine the combination of Brassica rapa L. and FOBIO biopesticide in absorbing Pb in the soil, determine the growth of Brassica rapa L. at each Pb concentration, and determine the population of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in the soil at each level of Pb stress after remediation. This study used variations in the concentration of heavy metals, particularly Pb. Parameters observed included plant growth, Pb concentration in the soil before and after remediation, and the population of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. The results showed that combining FOBIO biopesticides and Brassica rapa L. could reduce Pb concentration in the soil. The growth of Brassica rapa L. plants was significantly different after treatment. The findings confirmed that increasing, the concentration of Pb led to a decrease in the population of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria.
{"title":"Combination of FOBIO biopesticide and Brassica rapa L. as remediator of heavy metal Pb in soil","authors":"Surya Ari Widya, M. Arifin, Sri Wiyatiningsih","doi":"10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.6","url":null,"abstract":"Marginal soil is infertile soil caused by various factors, one of which is the excessive accumulation of heavy metals. FOBIO microorganism-based biopesticide formula containing phosphate solubilizing bacteria is expected to be used to reduce excess heavy metals in the soil. Brasica rapa L. is a variety resistant to Pb heavy metal stress and absorbs more heavy metals into root tissue than leaf tissue with the help of microorganisms. This study aimed to determine the combination of Brassica rapa L. and FOBIO biopesticide in absorbing Pb in the soil, determine the growth of Brassica rapa L. at each Pb concentration, and determine the population of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in the soil at each level of Pb stress after remediation. This study used variations in the concentration of heavy metals, particularly Pb. Parameters observed included plant growth, Pb concentration in the soil before and after remediation, and the population of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. The results showed that combining FOBIO biopesticides and Brassica rapa L. could reduce Pb concentration in the soil. The growth of Brassica rapa L. plants was significantly different after treatment. The findings confirmed that increasing, the concentration of Pb led to a decrease in the population of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria.","PeriodicalId":325722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117028336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.3
Angky Wahyu Putranto, Anugerah Dany Priyanto, Dimas Firmanda Al Riza, Ferina Tiara Safitri, Nurul Istiqomah Khoirunnisa, Arrahmadiana Estuwilujeng, Candika Pambayun
Milk is a highly perishable food due to its nutritional composition for microbial growth. Improper milk handling practices cause nutritional reduction and microbial contamination in milk. Collagen drinks are currently a growing commercial product. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of hydrolyzed bovine collagen concentration and pulsed electric field (PEF) time on the physical, microbiological, and organoleptic qualities of milk enriched with hydrolyzed bovine collagen, as well as to determine the best treatment. Central composite design (CCD) for Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used in this experimental design to explore optimal response based on the relationship between collagen concentration and PEF processing time. This CCD experiment was proposed to optimize TPC and viscosity and obtained a total of 13 experimental designs. The model results suggested by RSM-CCD are quadratic models. The result showed the optimization of the supplemented milk using a concentration of 2.837% hydrolyzed bovine collagen and PEF processing time of 116.369 seconds were the optimal designs with the desirability value of 0.809. Validation results using three repetitions produced an average TPC of 3.38 log CFU/mL and viscosity results of 4.56 mPas. Under these conditions, the error rate value of both responses is less than 5%, indicating that the model optimization can be accepted.
{"title":"Optimization of pulsed electric field processing time and hydrolyzed bovine collagen concentration in pasteurized milk","authors":"Angky Wahyu Putranto, Anugerah Dany Priyanto, Dimas Firmanda Al Riza, Ferina Tiara Safitri, Nurul Istiqomah Khoirunnisa, Arrahmadiana Estuwilujeng, Candika Pambayun","doi":"10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.3","url":null,"abstract":"Milk is a highly perishable food due to its nutritional composition for microbial growth. Improper milk handling practices cause nutritional reduction and microbial contamination in milk. Collagen drinks are currently a growing commercial product. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of hydrolyzed bovine collagen concentration and pulsed electric field (PEF) time on the physical, microbiological, and organoleptic qualities of milk enriched with hydrolyzed bovine collagen, as well as to determine the best treatment. Central composite design (CCD) for Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used in this experimental design to explore optimal response based on the relationship between collagen concentration and PEF processing time. This CCD experiment was proposed to optimize TPC and viscosity and obtained a total of 13 experimental designs. The model results suggested by RSM-CCD are quadratic models. The result showed the optimization of the supplemented milk using a concentration of 2.837% hydrolyzed bovine collagen and PEF processing time of 116.369 seconds were the optimal designs with the desirability value of 0.809. Validation results using three repetitions produced an average TPC of 3.38 log CFU/mL and viscosity results of 4.56 mPas. Under these conditions, the error rate value of both responses is less than 5%, indicating that the model optimization can be accepted.","PeriodicalId":325722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116140324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.8
Hariana Hariana, Hanafi Prida Putra, M. Lutfi, A. Prismantoko
The world is moving towards clean energy, especially since the Paris Agreement in 2016. Indonesia is no exception, which must reach 23% of its total energy mix usage from renewable energy sources by 2025, as stated in President Regulation No. 22/2017. Biomass as a renewable energy source can be used as a co-firing fuel for power plants based on its calorific value. This study discusses some of the most important characteristics needed in co-firing fuels, including slagging, fouling, and abrasion, using palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), rice husk (RH), and EFB-RH blended with the composition of 5%, 15%, 25%, and 35% on low-rank coal (LRC) and bituminous coal (BTC). The results showed that the addition of biomass on BTC has no significant effect on the slagging and fouling potential. Conversely, the addition of biomass to LRC significantly reduced the potential of slagging and fouling with the composition of up to 35% biomass which has EFB up to 20%. For blends with 75% of LRC and 25% of biomass blends, only biomass blends with 100% RH can be considered from the aspect of slagging and fouling risk. From potential abrasion characteristics, the addition of biomass on two types of coals did not show any problem for all compositions studied.
{"title":"Utilization of agricultural waste biomass for co-firing fuel for coal-fired power plant with consideration of the potential of slagging, fouling, and abrasion in pulverized coal (PC) boilers","authors":"Hariana Hariana, Hanafi Prida Putra, M. Lutfi, A. Prismantoko","doi":"10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.8","url":null,"abstract":"The world is moving towards clean energy, especially since the Paris Agreement in 2016. Indonesia is no exception, which must reach 23% of its total energy mix usage from renewable energy sources by 2025, as stated in President Regulation No. 22/2017. Biomass as a renewable energy source can be used as a co-firing fuel for power plants based on its calorific value. This study discusses some of the most important characteristics needed in co-firing fuels, including slagging, fouling, and abrasion, using palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), rice husk (RH), and EFB-RH blended with the composition of 5%, 15%, 25%, and 35% on low-rank coal (LRC) and bituminous coal (BTC). The results showed that the addition of biomass on BTC has no significant effect on the slagging and fouling potential. Conversely, the addition of biomass to LRC significantly reduced the potential of slagging and fouling with the composition of up to 35% biomass which has EFB up to 20%. For blends with 75% of LRC and 25% of biomass blends, only biomass blends with 100% RH can be considered from the aspect of slagging and fouling risk. From potential abrasion characteristics, the addition of biomass on two types of coals did not show any problem for all compositions studied.","PeriodicalId":325722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129572404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.10
J. Muchlisyiyah, T. Estiasih, Dita Puspa Arinta, Hera Sisca Prasmita
Coleus tuberous (local name: kentang hitam/black potato) is widely available in Indonesia. Commonly, black potatoes are only boiled and made into side dishes. Black potatoes have the potential to be the ingredient of functional foods. However, black potatoes can only be harvested once a year. Therefore, a low moisture form (flour) storage is required for longer shelf life. Research on physicochemical and functional characteristics of black potato flour is expected to widen the use of black potato flour as raw materials in various food products. This study was aimed to analyze the chemical, physical, and functional characteristics of black potato flour originating from Sunthi (Jaten), Begal, and Kopenan Forest villages in East Java, Indonesia. All the measurements were carried out with three replications and analyzed using one-way ANOVA, then followed by the Tukey test to find the difference from each sample at a 0.05 significance level. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis were also subjected to study the relationship between each character of the samples. The result indicated that the tuber and starch have relatively high ash, amylose, and total phenol concentration. Several high correlations were found between the characteristics of the black potato flours. One of the high correlations was the water absorption index with starch, amylose, and total phenolic content. The principal component analysis (PCA) also found that the three samples were loading differently in the score plot. Two first principal components (PCs) were the contributing factor for 100% of the differences.
{"title":"Physicochemical and functional characteristics of black potato (Coleus tuberosus) flour from some locations in East Java Indonesia","authors":"J. Muchlisyiyah, T. Estiasih, Dita Puspa Arinta, Hera Sisca Prasmita","doi":"10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.10","url":null,"abstract":"Coleus tuberous (local name: kentang hitam/black potato) is widely available in Indonesia. Commonly, black potatoes are only boiled and made into side dishes. Black potatoes have the potential to be the ingredient of functional foods. However, black potatoes can only be harvested once a year. Therefore, a low moisture form (flour) storage is required for longer shelf life. Research on physicochemical and functional characteristics of black potato flour is expected to widen the use of black potato flour as raw materials in various food products. This study was aimed to analyze the chemical, physical, and functional characteristics of black potato flour originating from Sunthi (Jaten), Begal, and Kopenan Forest villages in East Java, Indonesia. All the measurements were carried out with three replications and analyzed using one-way ANOVA, then followed by the Tukey test to find the difference from each sample at a 0.05 significance level. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis were also subjected to study the relationship between each character of the samples. The result indicated that the tuber and starch have relatively high ash, amylose, and total phenol concentration. Several high correlations were found between the characteristics of the black potato flours. One of the high correlations was the water absorption index with starch, amylose, and total phenolic content. The principal component analysis (PCA) also found that the three samples were loading differently in the score plot. Two first principal components (PCs) were the contributing factor for 100% of the differences.","PeriodicalId":325722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128468496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.9
Az Zahra Nur An Shilbi, Erni Sofia Murtini
As human awareness increases with healthy consumption patterns, food products can be developed into functional foods, one of which is white bread with the addition of ginger and cinnamon. Ginger and cinnamon have phenolic compounds that act as an antioxidant, but the addition in white bread affect the physicochemical and rheological properties of the dough and the loaf volume of white bread. This study aimed to determine the optimum concentration of ginger and cinnamon to produce white bread with the highest total phenol, antioxidant activity, and loaf volume. The research was established with the Response Surface Methodology method using Central Composite Design withtwo factors: concentration of ginger and cinnamon. Minimum and maximum concentrations used for ginger and cinnamon were 1-3% (flour-based) and 2-4% (flour-based), respectively. The optimum result obtained from the program was ginger and cinnamon, at concentration approximately 2.68% and 4% (flour-based), with total phenolic content of 47.90 mgGAE/100g, antioxidant activity of 32.30%, and loaf volume of 154.29%. Optimum white bread had lower loaf volume than controlled white bread.
{"title":"Optimization of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) on total phenolics, antioxidant activity and loaf volume of bread","authors":"Az Zahra Nur An Shilbi, Erni Sofia Murtini","doi":"10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.9","url":null,"abstract":"As human awareness increases with healthy consumption patterns, food products can be developed into functional foods, one of which is white bread with the addition of ginger and cinnamon. Ginger and cinnamon have phenolic compounds that act as an antioxidant, but the addition in white bread affect the physicochemical and rheological properties of the dough and the loaf volume of white bread. This study aimed to determine the optimum concentration of ginger and cinnamon to produce white bread with the highest total phenol, antioxidant activity, and loaf volume. The research was established with the Response Surface Methodology method using Central Composite Design withtwo factors: concentration of ginger and cinnamon. Minimum and maximum concentrations used for ginger and cinnamon were 1-3% (flour-based) and 2-4% (flour-based), respectively. The optimum result obtained from the program was ginger and cinnamon, at concentration approximately 2.68% and 4% (flour-based), with total phenolic content of 47.90 mgGAE/100g, antioxidant activity of 32.30%, and loaf volume of 154.29%. Optimum white bread had lower loaf volume than controlled white bread.","PeriodicalId":325722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130517443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.7
S. Suhartini, Reny Nurul Utami, E. Kurniati, Laura Listy Simamora, Catherine Abigail Utomo Putri, Baskorohadi Supartono, L. Melville
Coal ash, such as fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) is mostly generated from a Coal-fired Steam Power Generation (PLTU) process. An increase in the number of PLTUs in Indonesia is proportional to the high volume of FA and BA generated, causing adverse environmental impacts if not properly treated. Various studies have highlighted the potential valorization of FA and BA, including building materials, cement ingredients, concrete, and growing media. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of FA and BA as a growing media and to explore the potential future application for reclamation of heavy-metal-contaminated (or ex-mining) land. The results showed that composting FA with blackwater sludge (BWS) and rice straw (RS) produced compost that complied with the targeted standard. The addition of FA, BA, and composted FA in the growing media impact the growth and Zn adsorption ability of the dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott). However, the composted FA has superior performance in general as a growing media. The future estimation of the application FA and BA combined with domestic waste (blackwater and greywater) for reclamation of ex-mining land is proposed. By integrating the phytoremediation ability of the grass plants and the biorefinery approach, the proposed future estimation may provide a sustainable valorization pathway of FA and BA for heavy metal-contaminated or ex-mining land reclamation. Thus, transforming FA and BA as a component of growing media could reduce the potential risk of heavy metals distribution into the food chain and the surrounding environment.
{"title":"Potential use of coal ash as growing media: Effect on the plant’s growth and future estimation for land reclamation","authors":"S. Suhartini, Reny Nurul Utami, E. Kurniati, Laura Listy Simamora, Catherine Abigail Utomo Putri, Baskorohadi Supartono, L. Melville","doi":"10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.7","url":null,"abstract":"Coal ash, such as fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) is mostly generated from a Coal-fired Steam Power Generation (PLTU) process. An increase in the number of PLTUs in Indonesia is proportional to the high volume of FA and BA generated, causing adverse environmental impacts if not properly treated. Various studies have highlighted the potential valorization of FA and BA, including building materials, cement ingredients, concrete, and growing media. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of FA and BA as a growing media and to explore the potential future application for reclamation of heavy-metal-contaminated (or ex-mining) land. The results showed that composting FA with blackwater sludge (BWS) and rice straw (RS) produced compost that complied with the targeted standard. The addition of FA, BA, and composted FA in the growing media impact the growth and Zn adsorption ability of the dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott). However, the composted FA has superior performance in general as a growing media. The future estimation of the application FA and BA combined with domestic waste (blackwater and greywater) for reclamation of ex-mining land is proposed. By integrating the phytoremediation ability of the grass plants and the biorefinery approach, the proposed future estimation may provide a sustainable valorization pathway of FA and BA for heavy metal-contaminated or ex-mining land reclamation. Thus, transforming FA and BA as a component of growing media could reduce the potential risk of heavy metals distribution into the food chain and the surrounding environment.","PeriodicalId":325722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122644279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moisture diffusivity and activation energy are two important variables in a drying process to understand a certain product's drying behavior. This study aimed to determine the value of effective moisture diffusivity and the activation energy of red pepper in a conventional forced convective drying based on electricity (conventional convective drying/CCD) and forced convective drying based on solar energy (convective solar drying/CSD). The value of effective moisture diffusivity was determined using the equation, which refers to Fick’s second law. The Arrhenius equation determines the activation energy value as a model of the relationship of inverse temperature and the normal logarithmic value of effective moisture diffusivity. The results showed that the values of effective moisture diffusivity of CCD 70 °C were the highest. The regression analysis between the drying layers (X), and effective moisture diffusivity (Y) showed a polynomial pattern with a coefficient determination R2 value of 0.85 (CCD 70 °C), 0.81 (CCD 60 °C), 0.88 (CCD 50 °C), and 0.48 (CSD). (R2) The higher moisture diffusivity values in CCD indicated that the drying systems are more stable than CSD. The drying activation energy calculation showed that the value of CCD's activation energy was 36.36 kJ/mol.K, while the value of CSD's activation energy was 31.28 kJ/mol.K. Those results were consistent with the results of the previous studies.
{"title":"Determination of moisture diffusivity and activation energy on fixed bed drying of red pepper (Capsicum annum) on convective solar drying","authors":"Siti Asmaniyah Mardiyani, Sumardi Hadi Sumarlan, Bambang Dwi Argo, Amin Setyo Leksono","doi":"10.21776/ub.afssaae.2021.004.02.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2021.004.02.4","url":null,"abstract":"Moisture diffusivity and activation energy are two important variables in a drying process to understand a certain product's drying behavior. This study aimed to determine the value of effective moisture diffusivity and the activation energy of red pepper in a conventional forced convective drying based on electricity (conventional convective drying/CCD) and forced convective drying based on solar energy (convective solar drying/CSD). The value of effective moisture diffusivity was determined using the equation, which refers to Fick’s second law. The Arrhenius equation determines the activation energy value as a model of the relationship of inverse temperature and the normal logarithmic value of effective moisture diffusivity. The results showed that the values of effective moisture diffusivity of CCD 70 °C were the highest. The regression analysis between the drying layers (X), and effective moisture diffusivity (Y) showed a polynomial pattern with a coefficient determination R2 value of 0.85 (CCD 70 °C), 0.81 (CCD 60 °C), 0.88 (CCD 50 °C), and 0.48 (CSD). (R2) The higher moisture diffusivity values in CCD indicated that the drying systems are more stable than CSD. The drying activation energy calculation showed that the value of CCD's activation energy was 36.36 kJ/mol.K, while the value of CSD's activation energy was 31.28 kJ/mol.K. Those results were consistent with the results of the previous studies.","PeriodicalId":325722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117254312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to determine the effect of temperature and duration of thermal pasteurization process in Cavendish banana juice. Cavendish banana is an abundant cultivated banana that has not been used properly, which is a climacteric fruit that has increased ethylene production after harvesting. Cavendish bananas have great potential as fruit juice. Pasteurization was carried out at temperatures of 55, 60, 65, 70 and 75 ℃ for 5, 10, and 15 minutes. Pasteurization with higher temperature and time can increase the total dissolved sugar and viscosity as well as decrease the pH value and PPO enzyme activity. The reducing sugar content of Cavendish banana juice was determined using the DNSA method with the greatest value at 55 ℃ for 5 minutes, which is 9.53%. Meanwhile, the content of phenol and flavonoid was determined using the Krishnan and Sinija method. The highest value of phenol and flavonoid content at 60 ℃ for 5 minutes, was 0.1728 mg GAE/g and 0.1583 mg QE/g sample. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method and the greatest percentage of inhibition at 60 ℃ for 5 minutes, which is 61.60%. Vitamin C levels were identified by the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method with the greatest value at 55 ℃ for 5 minutes, which is 1.1409 mg /100 g. The Total Plate Count (TPC) of Cavendish banana juice decreased after pasteurization with the smallest total number of bacteria at 75 ℃ for 15 minutes, with a value of 3.2×101 CFU/ml. Pasteurization process at 75 ℃ for 15 minutes can reduce the activity of PPO enzyme as much as 97%. In the organoleptic test, preferred level of Cavendish banana juice to all attributes of the average hedonic scale with the category of the likes.
{"title":"Effect of temperature and duration of thermal pasteurization on polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activity, total plate count (TPC), physicochemical and organoleptic properties of Cavendish banana fruit juice (Musa cavendishii)","authors":"Bambang Dwi Argo, Cici Damayanti, Anik Wulandari, Umi Mianadhiroh","doi":"10.21776/ub.afssaae.2021.004.02.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2021.004.02.5","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to determine the effect of temperature and duration of thermal pasteurization process in Cavendish banana juice. Cavendish banana is an abundant cultivated banana that has not been used properly, which is a climacteric fruit that has increased ethylene production after harvesting. Cavendish bananas have great potential as fruit juice. Pasteurization was carried out at temperatures of 55, 60, 65, 70 and 75 ℃ for 5, 10, and 15 minutes. Pasteurization with higher temperature and time can increase the total dissolved sugar and viscosity as well as decrease the pH value and PPO enzyme activity. The reducing sugar content of Cavendish banana juice was determined using the DNSA method with the greatest value at 55 ℃ for 5 minutes, which is 9.53%. Meanwhile, the content of phenol and flavonoid was determined using the Krishnan and Sinija method. The highest value of phenol and flavonoid content at 60 ℃ for 5 minutes, was 0.1728 mg GAE/g and 0.1583 mg QE/g sample. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method and the greatest percentage of inhibition at 60 ℃ for 5 minutes, which is 61.60%. Vitamin C levels were identified by the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method with the greatest value at 55 ℃ for 5 minutes, which is 1.1409 mg /100 g. The Total Plate Count (TPC) of Cavendish banana juice decreased after pasteurization with the smallest total number of bacteria at 75 ℃ for 15 minutes, with a value of 3.2×101 CFU/ml. Pasteurization process at 75 ℃ for 15 minutes can reduce the activity of PPO enzyme as much as 97%. In the organoleptic test, preferred level of Cavendish banana juice to all attributes of the average hedonic scale with the category of the likes.","PeriodicalId":325722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130463083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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