The study presents geologic investigation of Yemen and the Gulf of Aden with a special focus on geophysical, seismic, tectonic and topographic mapping performed by the integrated approach of QGIS and GMT scripting. Cartographic visualization is crucial in geologic analysis, data processing and prognosis of mineral resource prospects. The region of Yemen and Gulf of Aden was formed as a result of Arabian and African plates movements and still tectonically active. Besides, the Gulf of Aden contains mineral resources of hydrocarbons which makes this region actual for investigation. The IRIS database on earthquakes was used for visualization of the magnitude of submarine earthquakes in the Gulf of Aden for the period of 2007-2020. The paper presents 6 new thematic maps for the region of Yemen and Gulf of Aden. The research presented an analysis of correlation between the geological, topographic and geophysical settings. Through combined approach of cartographic high-resolution data visualization and geologic analysis, this paper contributed to the regional geological studies of Yemen, Gulf of Aden and the Middle East.
{"title":"Seismicity in Yemen and the Gulf of Aden in a geological context.","authors":"Polina Lemenkova","doi":"10.24193/rcj2021_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/rcj2021_2","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents geologic investigation of Yemen and the Gulf of Aden with a special focus on geophysical, seismic, tectonic and topographic mapping performed by the integrated approach of QGIS and GMT scripting. Cartographic visualization is crucial in geologic analysis, data processing and prognosis of mineral resource prospects. The region of Yemen and Gulf of Aden was formed as a result of Arabian and African plates movements and still tectonically active. Besides, the Gulf of Aden contains mineral resources of hydrocarbons which makes this region actual for investigation. The IRIS database on earthquakes was used for visualization of the magnitude of submarine earthquakes in the Gulf of Aden for the period of 2007-2020. The paper presents 6 new thematic maps for the region of Yemen and Gulf of Aden. The research presented an analysis of correlation between the geological, topographic and geophysical settings. Through combined approach of cartographic high-resolution data visualization and geologic analysis, this paper contributed to the regional geological studies of Yemen, Gulf of Aden and the Middle East.","PeriodicalId":326907,"journal":{"name":"Risks and Catastrophes Journal","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124142293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
" The presence of the Izvorul Crisului local territorial administrative unit (commune), in the western part of the Transylvanian Depression, not far from its border with the Apuseni Mountains, implies the existence of various natural hazardous processes. Their manifestation, in the presence of anthropic components and their activities and goods, determines their hazard attributes. Of the possible natural hazards (geological, geomorphological, atmospheric, hydrological, biological, etc.), only the geomorphological, hydrological, and meteorological ones will be addressed in this paper. The presence of these natural processes may cause material damage and victims, for this it is necessary to know their magnitude. Thus, the present study aims to identify the potential hazards which exist in the Izvorul Crisului administrative unit and to assess the susceptibility to these natural processes. To achieve this objective, specific maps will be made, which finally, beside the supporting role for the analysis of natural processes, will become tools for the management of these conditions, tools to reduce the induced risks."
{"title":"Natural hazards of Izvorul Crișului.","authors":"Gheorghe Roșian, C. Horváth, L. Muntean","doi":"10.24193/rcj2021_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/rcj2021_8","url":null,"abstract":"\" The presence of the Izvorul Crisului local territorial administrative unit (commune), in the western part of the Transylvanian Depression, not far from its border with the Apuseni Mountains, implies the existence of various natural hazardous processes. Their manifestation, in the presence of anthropic components and their activities and goods, determines their hazard attributes. Of the possible natural hazards (geological, geomorphological, atmospheric, hydrological, biological, etc.), only the geomorphological, hydrological, and meteorological ones will be addressed in this paper. The presence of these natural processes may cause material damage and victims, for this it is necessary to know their magnitude. Thus, the present study aims to identify the potential hazards which exist in the Izvorul Crisului administrative unit and to assess the susceptibility to these natural processes. To achieve this objective, specific maps will be made, which finally, beside the supporting role for the analysis of natural processes, will become tools for the management of these conditions, tools to reduce the induced risks.\"","PeriodicalId":326907,"journal":{"name":"Risks and Catastrophes Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129407041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The phenomenon that occurred during the blizzard from February 5-6 in the mountains and especially on the southern slopes of the Southern Carpathians, is known in the literature as "strong downslope winds". This phenomenon occurred in a typical blizzard configuration, in which the differentiated advection of temperature led to the formation of a very stable air layer, with thermal inversion approximately between the levels of 850 and 700 hPa; and it also contributed in this layer to the change of wind direction to vertical. Thus, the existence in the same air layer of two factors favorable to the formation of a critical level, created the ideal conditions for generating strong downslope winds.
{"title":"Episode with strong downslope wind in the Southern and Curvature Carpathians in the period 5-6 february 2020","authors":"M. Huștiu, A. Boariu","doi":"10.24193/rcj2021_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/rcj2021_4","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon that occurred during the blizzard from February 5-6 in the mountains and especially on the southern slopes of the Southern Carpathians, is known in the literature as \"strong downslope winds\". This phenomenon occurred in a typical blizzard configuration, in which the differentiated advection of temperature led to the formation of a very stable air layer, with thermal inversion approximately between the levels of 850 and 700 hPa; and it also contributed in this layer to the change of wind direction to vertical. Thus, the existence in the same air layer of two factors favorable to the formation of a critical level, created the ideal conditions for generating strong downslope winds.","PeriodicalId":326907,"journal":{"name":"Risks and Catastrophes Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128034261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taking into account the morphologic-hydrographic configuration of natural ecosystems or ecosystems partly modified by man the area, its flora and fauna communities and the long-term human impact, the two main categories of Danube Delta ecosystems associated with Razim-Sinoie lake complex, coastal marine waters and the Danube flood plain between Isaccea and Tulcea, as part of Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, have been delimited: natural ecosystems or ecosystems partly modified by man; anthropic ecosystems. To identify and characterize ecosystems, there have been analysed the data on hydrography, morphology, biodiversity, human settlements, types of land use, spatial changes through the construction of agricultural, fisheries, forestry polders, modification of the network of channels and canals with consequences on the water circulation system inside the delta. The first category, of natural and partly modified by man ecosystems comprises 23 types (water bodies: running waters-Danube and its main branches, channels and canals; standing freshwater-lakes; standing brackish and salt waters-coastal lagoons, coastal, marine zones; wetlands: water fringe vegetation-flooded reed beds, floating reed beds , riparian willow formations, frequently flooded river levees; forests, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation: temperate riverine forests-mixed oak woods, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation, steppe meadows, meadows on low marine levees; dunes, beaches).The second category, of anthropic ecosystems includes 7 types (agricultural lands, forest areas-plantation on the river banks, fish farms, settlements-villages, towns). With the establishment of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve in 1990, with the statutory provisions on the protection and conservation of biodiversity, the deltaic landscape, some of the previous pressures were reduced, but the pollution of the Danube waters less consolidated beaches (Sulina, Sfântu Gheorghe, Chituc) and related with touristic activities, on ecosystems as a whole. The tourism activities also must represent not only a positive and dynamic development factor but also a practical solution to keeping the environment unaltered. These aspects were mentioned in the characterization of the ecosystems presented in this article.
{"title":"The Ecosystems of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve state-of the-art","authors":"P. Gâștescu","doi":"10.24193/rcj2021_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/rcj2021_1","url":null,"abstract":"Taking into account the morphologic-hydrographic configuration of natural ecosystems or ecosystems partly modified by man the area, its flora and fauna communities and the long-term human impact, the two main categories of Danube Delta ecosystems associated with Razim-Sinoie lake complex, coastal marine waters and the Danube flood plain between Isaccea and Tulcea, as part of Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, have been delimited: natural ecosystems or ecosystems partly modified by man; anthropic ecosystems. To identify and characterize ecosystems, there have been analysed the data on hydrography, morphology, biodiversity, human settlements, types of land use, spatial changes through the construction of agricultural, fisheries, forestry polders, modification of the network of channels and canals with consequences on the water circulation system inside the delta. The first category, of natural and partly modified by man ecosystems comprises 23 types (water bodies: running waters-Danube and its main branches, channels and canals; standing freshwater-lakes; standing brackish and salt waters-coastal lagoons, coastal, marine zones; wetlands: water fringe vegetation-flooded reed beds, floating reed beds , riparian willow formations, frequently flooded river levees; forests, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation: temperate riverine forests-mixed oak woods, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation, steppe meadows, meadows on low marine levees; dunes, beaches).The second category, of anthropic ecosystems includes 7 types (agricultural lands, forest areas-plantation on the river banks, fish farms, settlements-villages, towns). With the establishment of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve in 1990, with the statutory provisions on the protection and conservation of biodiversity, the deltaic landscape, some of the previous pressures were reduced, but the pollution of the Danube waters less consolidated beaches (Sulina, Sfântu Gheorghe, Chituc) and related with touristic activities, on ecosystems as a whole. The tourism activities also must represent not only a positive and dynamic development factor but also a practical solution to keeping the environment unaltered. These aspects were mentioned in the characterization of the ecosystems presented in this article.","PeriodicalId":326907,"journal":{"name":"Risks and Catastrophes Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124267205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preventing and fighting the effects of floods in the Satu Mare urban area","authors":"C. Mareş","doi":"10.24193/RCJ2019_9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/RCJ2019_9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":326907,"journal":{"name":"Risks and Catastrophes Journal","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131074655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Impact of Human Activities on Nutrient Loads in the Lower Danube Water Bodies. The paper analyzes the spatial and temporal variation along the Romanian stretch of the Danube River (upstream of the Danube Delta) for a set of water quality indicators reflecting one of the significant water management issues as well as the main pressures identified at the basin level and nutrient pollution. In this respect, an analysis of the point and diffuse sources of pollution has been done, considering the contribution of human agglomerations, agricultural activities and other sources along the Romanian territory. The quantification of the diffuse nutrient emissions from the Romanian analytical units bordering the lower Danube sector has been performed using the MONERIS model. The emission sources and pathways of pollution contributions have been estimated and the nutrient total specific emissions have been mapped. The impact of these pollution sources on water quality has been evaluated through the results of the monitoring program done in the frame of the TransNational Monitoring Network (TNMN) which operates under the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR). In regards to the concentrations of various forms of nitrogen and phosphorous, such as nitrates, nitrites, ammonium, orthophosphates and total phosphorous, the lower sector of the Danube has been characterized for a period of 10 years (2006-2015) in 6 monitoring sections/sites, outlining spatial and temporal trends. It has been thus observed that the water quality of the Danube River has improved due to the implementation of nutrient reduction pollution measures at the basin-wide level. In addition, the variation of nutrient loads (inorganic nitrogen and total phosphorous) calculated in 3 monitoring sites for the same 10-year period has been analyzed and interpreted from a time and space point of view. At the same time, the total nitrogen and total phosphorous loads transported by the Danube to the Black Sea have been evaluated in order to reach the target nutrient quantities (of 1960 level) agreed upon internationally in order to prevent the eutrophication phenomena of the Northern-Western shelf of the Black Sea.
{"title":"Impact of Human Activities on Nutrient Loads in the Lower Danube Water Bodies","authors":"Elena Țuchiu","doi":"10.24193/RCJ2019_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/RCJ2019_1","url":null,"abstract":"Impact of Human Activities on Nutrient Loads in the Lower Danube Water Bodies. The paper analyzes the spatial and temporal variation along the Romanian stretch of the Danube River (upstream of the Danube Delta) for a set of water quality indicators reflecting one of the significant water management issues as well as the main pressures identified at the basin level and nutrient pollution. In this respect, an analysis of the point and diffuse sources of pollution has been done, considering the contribution of human agglomerations, agricultural activities and other sources along the Romanian territory. The quantification of the diffuse nutrient emissions from the Romanian analytical units bordering the lower Danube sector has been performed using the MONERIS model. The emission sources and pathways of pollution contributions have been estimated and the nutrient total specific emissions have been mapped. The impact of these pollution sources on water quality has been evaluated through the results of the monitoring program done in the frame of the TransNational Monitoring Network (TNMN) which operates under the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR). In regards to the concentrations of various forms of nitrogen and phosphorous, such as nitrates, nitrites, ammonium, orthophosphates and total phosphorous, the lower sector of the Danube has been characterized for a period of 10 years (2006-2015) in 6 monitoring sections/sites, outlining spatial and temporal trends. It has been thus observed that the water quality of the Danube River has improved due to the implementation of nutrient reduction pollution measures at the basin-wide level. In addition, the variation of nutrient loads (inorganic nitrogen and total phosphorous) calculated in 3 monitoring sites for the same 10-year period has been analyzed and interpreted from a time and space point of view. At the same time, the total nitrogen and total phosphorous loads transported by the Danube to the Black Sea have been evaluated in order to reach the target nutrient quantities (of 1960 level) agreed upon internationally in order to prevent the eutrophication phenomena of the Northern-Western shelf of the Black Sea.","PeriodicalId":326907,"journal":{"name":"Risks and Catastrophes Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121171006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Excessively rainy summer of 2018 In South-Western Romania in the context of Climate Changes","authors":"I. Marinică, A. Marinică","doi":"10.24193/rcj2019_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/rcj2019_6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":326907,"journal":{"name":"Risks and Catastrophes Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131070778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal anomalyes in the Întorsura Buzăului Depression generated by absolute extremes.","authors":"Loredana Szeker","doi":"10.24193/RCJ2019_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/RCJ2019_8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":326907,"journal":{"name":"Risks and Catastrophes Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122751148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The dynamics of the ravination processes in Sălătrucel-Olt river basin.","authors":"F. Achim","doi":"10.24193/RCJ2019_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/RCJ2019_4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":326907,"journal":{"name":"Risks and Catastrophes Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131271500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Soils’ alteration in the the Izvorul Muntelui Lake watershed under the influence of the degradation processes","authors":"Monica Ioana Muscalu","doi":"10.24193/RCJ2019_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/RCJ2019_5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":326907,"journal":{"name":"Risks and Catastrophes Journal","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123578561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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