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Cooperative Position-based Formation-pursuit of Moving Targets by Multi-UAVs with Collision Avoidance 多无人机基于位置的避碰编队协同跟踪运动目标
Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.12962/jaree.v6i2.310
Siti Nurjanah, T. Agustinah, Muhammad Fuad
The paper focuses on the issue of capturing a moving target for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The problem involves a group of UAVs to create a formation-pursuit in the encirclement of a moving target. Dynamic task allocation algorithm is used in 3D dynamic environments to efficiently allocate the target to several existing UAVs. Target information is disseminated to neighbor UAVs by the temporary leader of UAVs. For the formation-pursuit using a position-based strategy, destination points to create formation are made at the sphere coordinates around a moving target. Then the destination points are tracked using a fuzzy state feedback controller. Optimized artificial potential field (APF) algorithm is used to avoid collisions with targets, other UAVs, and static obstacles. Each UAV can choose the optimal trajectory to avoid obstacles and reset the formation after passing them. The simulation results show that multi-UAVs successfully surrounded and formed formation-pursuit of a moving target without colliding with the closest Euclidean distance between UAVs of 1.32957 m. UAVs with a target is 1.94359 m, and UAVs with static obstacles within a range of 1.60632 m.Keywords—formation-pursuit, multi-UAVs, obstacle avoidance, task allocation, tracking control.
本文主要研究多架无人机的运动目标捕获问题。该问题涉及一组无人机在移动目标的包围中形成编队追击。在三维动态环境中,采用动态任务分配算法将目标有效地分配给多架现有的无人机。目标信息由无人机临时领导向相邻无人机传播。对于基于位置的编队追踪策略,在移动目标周围的球坐标处创建编队的目标点。然后利用模糊状态反馈控制器对目标点进行跟踪。采用优化人工势场(APF)算法避免与目标、其他无人机和静态障碍物的碰撞。每架无人机都可以选择最优轨迹避开障碍物,并在通过障碍物后重新设置编队。仿真结果表明,多架无人机成功包围并形成编队跟踪运动目标,且未发生碰撞,无人机之间的最近欧氏距离为1.32957 m。带目标的无人机为1.94359 m,带静态障碍物的无人机为1.60632 m。关键词编队跟踪,多无人机,避障,任务分配,跟踪控制。
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引用次数: 0
Measurement And Characterization of Radio Propagation Channels from The Patient Room Hub to The Nurse Station Server for WBAN Medical Applications WBAN医疗应用中从病房中心到护士站服务器的无线电传播信道的测量和表征
Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.12962/jaree.v6i2.314
A. Mauludiyanto, G. Hendrantoro, Darien Raditya Krisdaniawan
As time passes, technology is demanded to be more sophisticated, efficient, and fully automatic. Technology development also impacts the medical field since hospitals require a tool that can automatically, thoroughly, and accurately record the physical condition of patients in the inpatient room and forward the results to be checked by the nurses on duty at the nurse station. Automation of patient data recording needs to be performed flexibly and comfortably for patients; thus, a wireless device channelling sensors on the patient's body to the nurse station is required. On this account, it demands a measurement to characterise the radio propagation channels. Therefore, this paper highlights the radio channel between the inpatient room hubs and the nurse station server. The measurement was performed in two rooms separated by a wall in the Antenna and Propagation Laboratory, representing an inpatient room and the nurse station. Further, the channel frequency was set at 3 GHz with a bandwidth of 200 MHz. Through the Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), the result revealed the channel response characteristic that the denser the propagation channels, the lower the power received and vice versa.
随着时间的推移,人们要求技术变得更加精密、高效和全自动。技术的发展也影响了医疗领域,因为医院需要一种工具,可以自动、全面、准确地记录住院病房患者的身体状况,并将结果转发给护士站的值班护士检查。患者数据记录的自动化需要灵活、舒适地进行;因此,需要一种无线设备将病人身上的传感器传送到护士站。因此,需要一种测量方法来表征无线电传播信道。因此,本文重点介绍了住院病房中心和护士站服务器之间的无线通道。测量在天线和传播实验室的两个房间进行,房间之间隔着一堵墙,分别是住院室和护士站。此外,信道频率设置为3ghz,带宽为200mhz。通过矢量网络分析仪(VNA)分析,揭示了信道的响应特性,即传播信道越密集,接收功率越低,反之亦然。
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引用次数: 0
Fall Detection, Wearable Sensors & Artificial Intelligence: A Short Review 跌倒检测、可穿戴传感器与人工智能:综述
Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.12962/jaree.v6i2.323
Arslan Ishtiaq, Zubair Saeed, Misha Urooj Khan, Aqsa Samer, Mamoona Shabbir, Waqar Ahmad
Falls are a major public health concern among the elderly and the number of gadgets designed to detect them has increased significantly in recent years. This document provides a detailed summary of research done on fall detection systems, with comparisons across different types of studies. Its purpose is to be a resource for doctors and engineers who are planning or conducting field research. Following the examination, datasets, limitations, and future imperatives in fall detection were discussed in detail. The quantity of research using context-aware approaches continues to rise, but there is a new trend toward integrating fall detection into smartphones, as well as the use of artificial intelligence in the detection algorithm. Concerns with real-world performance, usability, and reliability are also highlighted.
跌倒是老年人的一个主要公共健康问题,近年来,用于检测跌倒的小工具的数量显著增加。本文件提供了关于跌倒检测系统的研究的详细总结,并对不同类型的研究进行了比较。它的目的是为计划或进行实地研究的医生和工程师提供资源。在检查之后,详细讨论了跌倒检测的数据集、局限性和未来的必要性。使用情境感知方法的研究数量不断增加,但将跌倒检测集成到智能手机以及在检测算法中使用人工智能是一种新趋势。还强调了对实际性能、可用性和可靠性的关注。
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引用次数: 1
Modified Extremum Seeking Control for Target Tracking and Formation Control in Pursuit-Evasion Game 追逃博弈中目标跟踪与编队控制的改进极值寻优控制
Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.12962/jaree.v6i2.320
Fachruddin Ari Setiawan, T. Agustinah, Muhammad Fuad
In a pursuit-evasion game, the mobile robot pursuer's ability to navigate from its initial position to the evader while maintaining a safe distance from other objects requires a good obstacle avoidance system. This study aims to perform target tracking in evader sieges and obstacle avoidance against other pursuer robots and static obstacles by proposing a modified extreme seeking controller (ESC). A modified backstepping control (BC) was used as an autopilot control for a nonholonomic mobile robot to execute the modified ESC command. The modified BC based on the modified ESC requires the positions of the targeted evader, pursuers, and obstacles. The pursuer uses this information to capture an evader by arranging the desired formation without colliding with static obstacles or other robots. The results of the simulations show that the pursuers successfully surround the evader and construct the formation without colliding with obstacles. The proposed method resulted in the closest distance of 2.071 m between the pursuers, 1.954 m between each pursuer and the evader, and 2.425 m between the pursuers and static obstacles.
在追逐-逃避游戏中,移动机器人的追踪者从初始位置导航到逃避者,同时与其他物体保持安全距离的能力要求一个良好的避障系统。本研究提出了一种改进的极限寻迹控制器(ESC),目的是在躲避者围攻和躲避其他追踪机器人和静态障碍物时进行目标跟踪。采用改进的后退控制(BC)作为非完整移动机器人的自动驾驶仪控制,执行修改后的ESC指令。基于修正ESC的修正BC需要目标躲避者、追踪者和障碍物的位置。追踪者利用这些信息,在不与静态障碍物或其他机器人发生碰撞的情况下,安排理想的队形,从而捕捉到逃避者。仿真结果表明,跟踪者成功地包围了逃避者,并在不与障碍物发生碰撞的情况下形成了编队。结果表明:跟踪者之间的最接近距离为2.071 m,每个跟踪者与躲避者之间的最接近距离为1.954 m,跟踪者与静态障碍物之间的最接近距离为2.425 m。
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引用次数: 0
Current Mode Control of Non-Isolated Multi-Phase Interleaved Buck-Boost Converter for Military Battery Charging Application. 军用电池充电用非隔离多相交错Buck-Boost变换器的电流模式控制。
Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.12962/jaree.v6i2.315
Ali Shaibu, A. Karaarslan
Power conversion devices are essential in a remote off-grid site, typically for military purposes where several types of equipment with varying input characteristics are supplied essentially by the same energy source, necessitating the use of a buck-boost converter for DC-DC applications. Because the conventional buck-boost converter's inverting output voltage is incompatible with some applications, the two-switch buck-boost converter is recommended for battery charging in military applications. The nominal input voltage range of the five-phase interleaved buck-boost converter is 9 – 36 V, the output voltage is 28 V, the output power is 3.3 kW, and the switching frequency is 100 kHz. The simulation of the converter with current mode control in the MATLAB/Simulink simulation environment was performed to confirm validity of the operational theory and the simulation results show consistency with theoretical values. Maximum of 74.41 ms and 51.35 % were recorded under all conditions of operation for the settling and overshoot respectively. The obtained data indicates a 1–2 % variation between the measured and theoretical duty cycle.
电源转换设备在远程离网站点中是必不可少的,通常用于军事目的,其中具有不同输入特性的几种类型的设备基本上由相同的能量源提供,因此需要使用buck-boost转换器进行DC-DC应用。由于传统的buck-boost变换器的反相输出电压与某些应用不兼容,因此双开关buck-boost变换器被推荐用于军事应用中的电池充电。该五相交错降压变换器的标称输入电压范围为9 ~ 36v,输出电压为28v,输出功率为3.3 kW,开关频率为100khz。在MATLAB/Simulink仿真环境中对具有电流模式控制的变换器进行了仿真,验证了工作理论的有效性,仿真结果与理论值一致。在所有运行条件下,沉降和超调的最大时间分别为74.41 ms和51.35%。得到的数据表明,在测量和理论占空比之间有1 - 2%的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Obstacle Detection Using Monocular Camera with Mask R-CNN Method 基于掩模R-CNN方法的单目摄像机障碍物检测
Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.12962/jaree.v6i2.325
A. Santoso, Rafif Artono Darmawan, Mohamad Abdul Hady, Ali Fatoni
An autonomous car is a car that can operate without being controlled by humans. Autonomous cars must be able to detect obstacles so that the car does not hit objects that are on the path to be traversed. Therefore, it takes a variety of sensors to determine the surrounding conditions. The sensors commonly used in autonomous cars are cameras and LiDAR. Compared to LiDAR, the camera has a relatively long detection distance, lower cost, and can be used to classify objects. In this final project, the monocular camera and Mask R-CNN algorithm are used to create a system that can detect obstacles in the form of cars, motorcycles, and humans. The system will generate segmentation instances, bounding boxes, classifications, distance, and width estimation for each detected object. By using a custom dataset that is created manually it fits perfectly with the surrounding environment. The system used can produce a Mean Average Precision of 0.81, a Mean Average Recall of 0.89, an F1 score of 0.86, and a Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 13.4% for the distance estimator. The average detection speed of each image is 0.29 seconds.
自动驾驶汽车是一种可以在不受人类控制的情况下运行的汽车。自动驾驶汽车必须能够探测到障碍物,这样汽车就不会撞上要穿越的道路上的物体。因此,需要各种传感器来确定周围的条件。自动驾驶汽车中常用的传感器是摄像头和激光雷达。与LiDAR相比,该相机的探测距离相对较远,成本较低,并且可以用于对物体进行分类。在这个最终项目中,使用单目摄像机和Mask R-CNN算法来创建一个可以检测汽车,摩托车和人类形式的障碍物的系统。系统将为每个检测到的对象生成分割实例、边界框、分类、距离和宽度估计。通过使用手动创建的自定义数据集,它与周围环境完美匹配。所使用的系统可以为距离估计器产生0.81的平均精度,0.89的平均召回率,0.86的F1分数和13.4%的平均绝对百分比误差。每幅图像的平均检测速度为0.29秒。
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引用次数: 0
An Investigation of Insulating Paper Effect on Gas and Aging on Mineral Oil Transformer 绝缘纸对矿物油变压器气体和老化影响的研究
Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.12962/jaree.v6i1.246
Aulidina Dwi Nur Andriyanti, I. M. Y. Negara, I. S. Hernanda, D. Fahmi
A transformer is an essential component in a generator, electrical equipment that works non-stop to support electricity needs. There has been a lot of thermal and electrical activity that the presence of an oil-paper insulator can suppress. The insulating ability can decrease and lead the failure due to the aging of the insulator by heating, moisture, and impurities. The aging of the paper was unavoidable, which caused the cellulose bond to break and form dissolved gases with oil, such as Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Methane, Acetylene, Ethylene, and Ethane. So, conventional dissolved gas analysis (DGA) was used to investigate further. The use of paper insulation with a certain amount affects the electrical strength of the insulator. A breakdown test on AC voltage is carried out for the following investigation. The result showed that the percentage of paper had an optimum number to get high insulator strength. By heating mineral oil for 250 hours and 500 hours, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are released in the different results as the DGA test. It can be concluded that cellulose paper has affected mineral oil's dissolved gas and insulator strength.
变压器是发电机的重要组成部分,发电机是一种不间断工作以满足电力需求的电气设备。油纸绝缘体的存在可以抑制大量的热和电活动。绝缘子因受热、受潮、杂质等老化,绝缘能力下降,导致绝缘子失效。纸张的老化是不可避免的,这会导致纤维素键断裂,形成与油溶解的气体,如一氧化碳、二氧化碳、甲烷、乙炔、乙烯和乙烷。因此,采用常规溶解气体分析(DGA)进行进一步研究。使用一定量的纸绝缘会影响绝缘子的电强度。为了下面的研究,对交流电压进行击穿试验。结果表明,纸的掺量是获得高绝缘子强度的最佳数量。通过将矿物油加热250小时和500小时,在不同的DGA测试结果中释放一氧化碳和二氧化碳。由此可见,纤维素纸对矿物油的溶解气和绝缘子强度有影响。
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引用次数: 0
Metaheuristic algorithms in optimization and its application: a review 优化中的元启发式算法及其应用综述
Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.12962/jaree.v6i1.216
S. Kareem, Kurdistan Wns Hama Ali, Shavan K. Askar, Farah Sami Xoshaba, R. Hawezi
Metaheuristic algorithms are computational intelligence paradigms especially used for solving different optimization issues.  Metaheuristics examine a collection of solutions otherwise really be wide to be thoroughly addressed or discussed in any other way. Metaheuristics can be applied to a wide range of problems because they make accurate predictions in any optimization situation. Natural processes such as the fact of evolution in Natural selection behavioral genetics, ant behaviors in genetics, swarm behaviors of certain animals, annealing in metallurgy, and others motivate metaheuristics algorithms. The big cluster search algorithm is by far the most commonly used metaheuristic algorithm. The principle behind this algorithm is that it begins with an optimal state and then uses heuristic methods from the community search algorithm to try to refine it. Many metaheuristic algorithms in diverse environments and areas are examined, compared, and described in this article. Such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), ant Colony Optimization Algorithm (ACO), Simulated Annealing (SA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm and etc. Finally, show the results of each algorithm in various environments were addressed. 
元启发式算法是一种专门用于解决各种优化问题的计算智能范式。元启发式研究的是一组解决方案,否则用任何其他方式都无法彻底解决或讨论。元启发式可以应用于广泛的问题,因为它们可以在任何优化情况下做出准确的预测。自然过程,如自然选择行为遗传学中的进化事实、遗传学中的蚂蚁行为、某些动物的群体行为、冶金学中的退火等,激发了元启发式算法。大聚类搜索算法是目前最常用的元启发式算法。该算法背后的原理是,它从一个最优状态开始,然后使用社区搜索算法中的启发式方法来尝试改进它。本文对不同环境和领域中的许多元启发式算法进行了检查、比较和描述。如遗传算法(GA)、蚁群优化算法(ACO)、模拟退火算法(SA)、粒子群优化算法(PSO)、差分进化算法(DE)等。最后,给出了每种算法在不同环境下的结果。
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引用次数: 1
Deep Learning-based Decision Support System for classification of COVID-19 and Pneumonia patients 基于深度学习的COVID-19和肺炎患者分类决策支持系统
Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.12962/jaree.v6i1.229
Misha Urooj Khan, Zubair Saeed, Ali Raza, Zeeshan Abbasi, S. Ali, Hareem Khan
The fast spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19) poses a huge risk to people all around the world. Recently, COVID-19 testing kits have been unavailable due to rise in effected people and large demand of tests. Keeping the urgency of the situation in mind, an automatic diagnosis method for early detection of COVID-19 is needed. The proposed deep learning decision support system (DSS) for COVID-19 employs MobileNet v2 Deep learning (DL) model for effective and accurate detection. Here we collected Cough auscultations through self-designed digital sensor. The primary experimental results show that the maximum accuracy for training is around 99.91%, and the maximum accuracy for validation is 98.61%, with 97.5% precision, 98.5%recall, and 98% F1-score. The Deep Learning-based model described here strives for similar performance to medical professionals and can help pulmonologist/radiologists increase their working productivity.
冠状病毒(COVID-19)的快速传播给世界各地的人们带来了巨大的风险。最近,由于受感染人数增加和检测需求大,COVID-19检测试剂盒一直无法获得。考虑到形势的紧迫性,需要一种能够早期发现新冠病毒的自动诊断方法。本文提出的COVID-19深度学习决策支持系统(DSS)采用MobileNet v2深度学习(DL)模型进行有效、准确的检测。通过自行设计的数字式传感器采集咳嗽听诊信息。初步实验结果表明,训练的最大准确率约为99.91%,验证的最大准确率为98.61%,准确率为97.5%,召回率为98.5%,f1分数为98%。这里描述的基于深度学习的模型力求达到与医疗专业人员相似的性能,并可以帮助肺科医生/放射科医生提高他们的工作效率。
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引用次数: 2
Initial Research of Renewable Energy Resources for Hybrid Microgrid Implementation, Using Solar and Wind; Transforming the Diesel Dependence. Case Study of Mamburit Island - Indonesia 利用太阳能和风能实现混合微电网的可再生能源初探转变对柴油的依赖。印度尼西亚曼布里特岛个案研究
Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.12962/jaree.v6i1.221
Eric Marcos Hughes Arrocha
Electrical demands are growing rapidly in the world, especially in larger cities, and Indonesia is not an exception. Indonesia's average peak demand is projected to increase by 73% (reaching 43.7 GW) in 2020, by 142% (reaching 61.2 GW) in 2025, and by 205% (reaching 77.3 GW) in 2030, compared with 25.3 GW in 2010 [1]. However, the challenge of completing the growing demand in big cities reveals another huge problem, which are those small villages, communities and islands who doesn’t have access to electricity until now.Many countries apply and use the concept of Micro Grid [MG] as an effective solution, which can be defined as: the grid where each generator or load has to take part in the network management, joining in reactive power supply/voltage control, active power supply/frequency control, fault ride-through capability, and power quality control independently [5].Using an Indonesian remote Island as a real case, different renewable energy sources available will be evaluated to propose the best Micro Grid design integration system to supply electricity facility.This research will describe the principles, measurement process and general mathematical description for the application of the MG model integration.Planning to minimize the traditional electric sources of fossil dependence, the design for Mamburit Island in Sumenep-Indonesia will integrate different generation sources such as, Solar Panel System [PV/SHS] showing Daily Average Irradiation [DNI] of 5.78 kwh/ , vertical Axis Wind Turbine [VAWT] shows wind speed annual average of 8.82 m/s and energy Storage system [ESS] as a real, feasible and friendly options to complete the demand, integrated with Engine Diesel Generator [EDG] present as the actual main sources; minimizing the fossil dependence, through MG principle. Keywords— Smart Micro Grid, Micro Grid Integration, Renewable Energy.
世界各地的电力需求正在迅速增长,尤其是在大城市,印度尼西亚也不例外。与2010年的25.3 GW相比,印度尼西亚的平均峰值需求预计将在2020年增长73%(达到43.7 GW), 2025年增长142%(达到61.2 GW), 2030年增长205%(达到77.3 GW)。然而,满足大城市不断增长的需求所面临的挑战揭示了另一个巨大的问题,那就是那些小村庄、社区和岛屿,他们到目前为止还没有用上电。许多国家都将微电网的概念作为一种有效的解决方案加以应用和使用,微电网可以定义为:每台发电机或负载都必须参与网络管理,独立参与无功供电/电压控制、有功供电/频率控制、故障通过能力和电能质量控制[5]。以印度尼西亚偏远岛屿为例,对不同的可再生能源进行评估,提出最佳的微电网设计集成系统,为电力设施供电。本研究将描述MG模型集成应用的原理、测量过程和一般数学描述。为了最大限度地减少对化石燃料的传统电力来源的依赖,印度尼西亚sumenepp的Mamburit岛的设计将整合不同的发电来源,如太阳能电池板系统(PV/SHS)的日平均辐照量(DNI)为5.78千瓦时/小时,垂直轴风力涡轮机(VAWT)的年平均风速为8.82米/秒,储能系统(ESS)作为一个真实、可行和友好的选择来完成需求。与发动机柴油发电机[EDG]集成,作为实际主要动力源;通过MG原则最大限度地减少对化石燃料的依赖。关键词:智能微电网,微电网集成,可再生能源
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引用次数: 0
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JAREE Journal on Advanced Research in Electrical Engineering
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