Saravanan Duraiarasan, R. Salehi, A. Stefanopoulou, S. Mahesh, M. Allain
Stringent NOX emission norm for heavy duty vehicles motivates the use of predictive models to reduce emissions of diesel engines by coordinating engine parameters and aftertreatment. In this paper, a physics-based control-oriented NOX model is presented to estimate the feedgas NOX for a diesel engine. This cycle-averaged NOX model is able to capture the impact of all major diesel engine control variables including the fuel injection timing, injection pressure, and injection rate, as well as the effect of cylinder charge dilution and intake pressure on the emissions. The impact of the cylinder charge dilution controlled by the engine exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in the highly diluted diesel engine of this work is modeled using an adiabatic flame temperature predictor. The model structure is developed such that it can be embedded in an engine control unit without any need for an in-cylinder pressure sensor. In addition, details of this physics-based NOX model are presented along with a step-by-step model parameter identification procedure and experimental validation at both steady-state and transient conditions. Over a complete federal test procedure (FTP) cycle, on a cumulative basis the model prediction was more than 93% accurate.
{"title":"Control-Oriented Physics-Based NOX Emission Model for a Diesel Engine With Exhaust Gas Recirculation","authors":"Saravanan Duraiarasan, R. Salehi, A. Stefanopoulou, S. Mahesh, M. Allain","doi":"10.1115/dscc2019-9247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dscc2019-9247","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Stringent NOX emission norm for heavy duty vehicles motivates the use of predictive models to reduce emissions of diesel engines by coordinating engine parameters and aftertreatment. In this paper, a physics-based control-oriented NOX model is presented to estimate the feedgas NOX for a diesel engine. This cycle-averaged NOX model is able to capture the impact of all major diesel engine control variables including the fuel injection timing, injection pressure, and injection rate, as well as the effect of cylinder charge dilution and intake pressure on the emissions. The impact of the cylinder charge dilution controlled by the engine exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in the highly diluted diesel engine of this work is modeled using an adiabatic flame temperature predictor. The model structure is developed such that it can be embedded in an engine control unit without any need for an in-cylinder pressure sensor. In addition, details of this physics-based NOX model are presented along with a step-by-step model parameter identification procedure and experimental validation at both steady-state and transient conditions. Over a complete federal test procedure (FTP) cycle, on a cumulative basis the model prediction was more than 93% accurate.","PeriodicalId":327130,"journal":{"name":"ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121725459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A recent experiment by Kim’s group from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, has shown the possibility of actuating ionomer cilia in salt solution. When these actuators are placed between two external electrodes, across which a small voltage is applied, they move toward the cathode. This is in stark contrast with ionic polymer metal composites, where the same ionomers are plated by metal electrodes but bending occurs toward the anode. Here, we seek to unravel the factors underlying the motion of ionomer cilia in salt solution through a physically based model of actuation. In our model, electrochemistry is described through the Poisson–Nernst–Planck system in terms of concentrations of cations and anions and voltage. Through finite element analysis, we establish that Maxwell stress is the main driving force for the motion of the cilia. This study constitutes a first effort toward understanding the motion of ionomer cilia in salt solution, which, in turn, may help elucidate the physical underpinnings of actuation in ionic polymer metal composites.
{"title":"Modeling Actuation of Ionomer Cilia in Salt Solution Under an External Electric Field","authors":"A. Boldini, M. Rosen, Youngsu Cha, M. Porfiri","doi":"10.1115/dscc2019-9060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dscc2019-9060","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A recent experiment by Kim’s group from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, has shown the possibility of actuating ionomer cilia in salt solution. When these actuators are placed between two external electrodes, across which a small voltage is applied, they move toward the cathode. This is in stark contrast with ionic polymer metal composites, where the same ionomers are plated by metal electrodes but bending occurs toward the anode. Here, we seek to unravel the factors underlying the motion of ionomer cilia in salt solution through a physically based model of actuation. In our model, electrochemistry is described through the Poisson–Nernst–Planck system in terms of concentrations of cations and anions and voltage. Through finite element analysis, we establish that Maxwell stress is the main driving force for the motion of the cilia. This study constitutes a first effort toward understanding the motion of ionomer cilia in salt solution, which, in turn, may help elucidate the physical underpinnings of actuation in ionic polymer metal composites.","PeriodicalId":327130,"journal":{"name":"ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124693823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although laser-based additive manufacturing (AM) has enabled unprecedented fabrication of complex parts directly from digital models, broader adoption of the technology remains challenged by insufficient reliability and in-process variations. In pursuit of assuring quality in the selective laser sintering (SLS) AM, this paper builds a modeling and control framework of the key thermodynamic interactions between the laser source and the materials to be processed. First, we develop a three-dimensional finite element simulation to understand the important features of the melt pool evolution for designing sensing and feedback algorithms. We explore how the temperature field is affected by hatch spacing and thermal properties that are temperature-dependent. Based on high-performance computer simulation and experimentation, we then validate the existence and effect of periodic disturbances induced by the repetitive in- and cross-layer thermomechanical interactions. From there, we identify the system model from the laser power to the melt pool width and build a repetitive control algorithm to greatly attenuate variations of the melt pool geometry.
{"title":"Control-Oriented Modeling and Repetitive Control in In-Layer and Cross-Layer Thermal Interactions in Selective Laser Sintering","authors":"Dan Wang, Tianyu Jiang, Xu Chen","doi":"10.1115/dscc2019-8976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dscc2019-8976","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Although laser-based additive manufacturing (AM) has enabled unprecedented fabrication of complex parts directly from digital models, broader adoption of the technology remains challenged by insufficient reliability and in-process variations. In pursuit of assuring quality in the selective laser sintering (SLS) AM, this paper builds a modeling and control framework of the key thermodynamic interactions between the laser source and the materials to be processed. First, we develop a three-dimensional finite element simulation to understand the important features of the melt pool evolution for designing sensing and feedback algorithms. We explore how the temperature field is affected by hatch spacing and thermal properties that are temperature-dependent. Based on high-performance computer simulation and experimentation, we then validate the existence and effect of periodic disturbances induced by the repetitive in- and cross-layer thermomechanical interactions. From there, we identify the system model from the laser power to the melt pool width and build a repetitive control algorithm to greatly attenuate variations of the melt pool geometry.","PeriodicalId":327130,"journal":{"name":"ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127075383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tire blowout impacts vehicle stability and creates challenges to vehicle control. To accurately evaluate the impact of tire blowout in different driving scenarios, a new tire blowout model is developed in this work with explicit considerations of the tire vertical load redistribution and self-alignment torque (SAT). A two-stage vertical force redistribution model is employed for the vertical load variations instead of the one-stage model in the literature. Moreover, the SAT is formulated, and the impact on the steering system is investigated. The developed tire blowout model is validated through both simulation and experiment using a scaled test vehicle. The results indicate that the proposed tire blowout model can evaluate the tire blowout impacts on vehicle dynamics more accurately, which will benefit the evaluation of tire blowout impact and the future development on model-based fault tolerant control.
{"title":"Enhanced Tire Blowout Modeling Using Vertical Load Redistribution and Self-Alignment Torque","authors":"Ao Li, Yan Chen, Xinyu Du, Wen-Chiao Lin","doi":"10.1115/dscc2019-8997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dscc2019-8997","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Tire blowout impacts vehicle stability and creates challenges to vehicle control. To accurately evaluate the impact of tire blowout in different driving scenarios, a new tire blowout model is developed in this work with explicit considerations of the tire vertical load redistribution and self-alignment torque (SAT). A two-stage vertical force redistribution model is employed for the vertical load variations instead of the one-stage model in the literature. Moreover, the SAT is formulated, and the impact on the steering system is investigated. The developed tire blowout model is validated through both simulation and experiment using a scaled test vehicle. The results indicate that the proposed tire blowout model can evaluate the tire blowout impacts on vehicle dynamics more accurately, which will benefit the evaluation of tire blowout impact and the future development on model-based fault tolerant control.","PeriodicalId":327130,"journal":{"name":"ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125290748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safe and energy-efficient driving of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) must be influenced by human-driven vehicles. Thus, to properly evaluate the energy impacts of CAVs in a simulation framework, a human driver model must capture a wide range of real-world driving behaviors corresponding to the surrounding environment. This paper formulates longitudinal human driving as an optimal control problem with a state constraint imposed by the vehicle in front. Deriving analytically optimal solutions by employing optimal control theory can capture longitudinal human driving behaviors with low computational burden, and adding the state constraint can assist with describing car-following features while anticipating behaviors of the vehicle in front. We also use on-road testing data collected by an instrumented vehicle to validate the proposed human driver model for stop scenarios at intersections. Results show that vehicle stopping trajectories of the proposed model are well matched with those of experimental data.
{"title":"Human Driver Modeling Based on Analytical Optimal Solutions: Stopping Behaviors at the Intersections","authors":"Jihun Han, D. Karbowski, Namdoo Kim, A. Rousseau","doi":"10.1115/dscc2019-9178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dscc2019-9178","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Safe and energy-efficient driving of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) must be influenced by human-driven vehicles. Thus, to properly evaluate the energy impacts of CAVs in a simulation framework, a human driver model must capture a wide range of real-world driving behaviors corresponding to the surrounding environment. This paper formulates longitudinal human driving as an optimal control problem with a state constraint imposed by the vehicle in front. Deriving analytically optimal solutions by employing optimal control theory can capture longitudinal human driving behaviors with low computational burden, and adding the state constraint can assist with describing car-following features while anticipating behaviors of the vehicle in front. We also use on-road testing data collected by an instrumented vehicle to validate the proposed human driver model for stop scenarios at intersections. Results show that vehicle stopping trajectories of the proposed model are well matched with those of experimental data.","PeriodicalId":327130,"journal":{"name":"ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128448388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A fingernail imaging has been shown to be effective in estimating the finger pad forces along all three directions simultaneously in previous works. However, this method has never been used for the purpose of force measurement during a grasping task with multiple fingers. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the grasp force-sensing capabilities of the fingernail imaging method integrated with a visual servoing robotic system. In this study, the fingernail imaging method has been used in both constrained and unconstrained multi-digit grasping studies. Visual servoing has been employed to solve the issue of keeping fingernail images in the field of view of the camera during grasping motions. Two grasping experiments have been designed and conducted to show the performance and accuracy of the fingernail imaging method to be used in grasping studies. The maximum value of root-mean-square (RMS) errors for estimated normal and shear forces during constrained grasping has been found to be 0.58 N (5.7%) and 0.49 N (9.2%), respectively. Moreover, a visual servoing system implemented on a 6-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) robot has been devised to ensure that all of the fingers remain in the camera frame at all times. Comparing unconstrained and constrained forces has shown that force collaboration among fingers could change based on the grasping condition.
{"title":"Feasibility Study of Force Measurement for Multi-digit Unconstrained Grasping via Fingernail Imaging and Visual Servoing","authors":"Navid Fallahinia, S. Mascaro","doi":"10.1115/dscc2019-8955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dscc2019-8955","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A fingernail imaging has been shown to be effective in estimating the finger pad forces along all three directions simultaneously in previous works. However, this method has never been used for the purpose of force measurement during a grasping task with multiple fingers. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the grasp force-sensing capabilities of the fingernail imaging method integrated with a visual servoing robotic system. In this study, the fingernail imaging method has been used in both constrained and unconstrained multi-digit grasping studies. Visual servoing has been employed to solve the issue of keeping fingernail images in the field of view of the camera during grasping motions. Two grasping experiments have been designed and conducted to show the performance and accuracy of the fingernail imaging method to be used in grasping studies. The maximum value of root-mean-square (RMS) errors for estimated normal and shear forces during constrained grasping has been found to be 0.58 N (5.7%) and 0.49 N (9.2%), respectively. Moreover, a visual servoing system implemented on a 6-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) robot has been devised to ensure that all of the fingers remain in the camera frame at all times. Comparing unconstrained and constrained forces has shown that force collaboration among fingers could change based on the grasping condition.","PeriodicalId":327130,"journal":{"name":"ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133633787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ritika Sibal, Ding Zhang, J. Rocho-Levine, K. A. Shorter, K. Barton
Behavior of animals living in the wild is often studied using visual observations made by trained experts. However, these observations tend to be used to classify behavior during discrete time periods and become more difficult when used to monitor multiple individuals for days or weeks. In this work, we present automatic tools to enable efficient behavior and dynamic state estimation/classification from data collected with animal borne bio-logging tags, without the need for statistical feature engineering. A combined framework of an long short-term memory (LSTM) network and a hidden Markov model (HMM) was developed to exploit sequential temporal information in raw motion data at two levels: within and between windows. Taking a moving window data segmentation approach, LSTM estimates the dynamic state corresponding to each window by parsing the contiguous raw data points within the window. HMM then links all of the individual window estimations and further improves the overall estimation. A case study with bottlenose dolphins was conducted to demonstrate the approach. The combined LSTM–HMM method achieved a 6% improvement over conventional methods such as K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM), pushing the accuracy above 90%. In addition to performance improvements, the proposed method requires a similar amount of training data to traditional machine learning methods, making the method easily adaptable to new tasks.
{"title":"Bidirectional LSTM Recurrent Neural Network Plus Hidden Markov Model for Wearable Sensor-Based Dynamic State Estimation","authors":"Ritika Sibal, Ding Zhang, J. Rocho-Levine, K. A. Shorter, K. Barton","doi":"10.1115/dscc2019-9198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/dscc2019-9198","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Behavior of animals living in the wild is often studied using visual observations made by trained experts. However, these observations tend to be used to classify behavior during discrete time periods and become more difficult when used to monitor multiple individuals for days or weeks. In this work, we present automatic tools to enable efficient behavior and dynamic state estimation/classification from data collected with animal borne bio-logging tags, without the need for statistical feature engineering. A combined framework of an long short-term memory (LSTM) network and a hidden Markov model (HMM) was developed to exploit sequential temporal information in raw motion data at two levels: within and between windows. Taking a moving window data segmentation approach, LSTM estimates the dynamic state corresponding to each window by parsing the contiguous raw data points within the window. HMM then links all of the individual window estimations and further improves the overall estimation. A case study with bottlenose dolphins was conducted to demonstrate the approach. The combined LSTM–HMM method achieved a 6% improvement over conventional methods such as K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM), pushing the accuracy above 90%. In addition to performance improvements, the proposed method requires a similar amount of training data to traditional machine learning methods, making the method easily adaptable to new tasks.","PeriodicalId":327130,"journal":{"name":"ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130948195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A series of coaxial magnetic pendulums is studied as a simple physical surrogate for more general nonlinearly coupled almost-identical resonators that arise in quantum communications and the dynamics of social networks. The equations of motion for a series of coaxial magnetic pendulums are derived, and the solution is compared to experimental results. The equilibrium points and their stability are also determined.
{"title":"Derivation and Experimental Validation of the Equations of Motion of Magnetic Pendulums","authors":"R. Hosseini, G. Heppler, E. Abdel-Rahman","doi":"10.1115/1.4051566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4051566","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A series of coaxial magnetic pendulums is studied as a simple physical surrogate for more general nonlinearly coupled almost-identical resonators that arise in quantum communications and the dynamics of social networks. The equations of motion for a series of coaxial magnetic pendulums are derived, and the solution is compared to experimental results. The equilibrium points and their stability are also determined.","PeriodicalId":327130,"journal":{"name":"ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127931380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This letter focuses on two topics in engineering analysis, which are (1) degree-of-freedom (DOF) in modeling of dynamical systems and (2) simultaneous time and frequency localization of signals. These issues are explained from the perspectives of decision and control by making use of concepts from applied mathematics and theoretical physics. Specifically, a new definition is proposed to clarify the notion of “DOF,” which is consistent with the dimension of the state space of the dynamical system model. Relevant examples are presented on (finite-dimensional) vector spaces over the real field R and/or the complex field C.
{"title":"On State-Space Modeling and Signal Localization in Dynamical Systems","authors":"A. Ray","doi":"10.1115/1.4051142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4051142","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This letter focuses on two topics in engineering analysis, which are (1) degree-of-freedom (DOF) in modeling of dynamical systems and (2) simultaneous time and frequency localization of signals. These issues are explained from the perspectives of decision and control by making use of concepts from applied mathematics and theoretical physics. Specifically, a new definition is proposed to clarify the notion of “DOF,” which is consistent with the dimension of the state space of the dynamical system model. Relevant examples are presented on (finite-dimensional) vector spaces over the real field R and/or the complex field C.","PeriodicalId":327130,"journal":{"name":"ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131987003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The recent rapid growth in the cloud storage industry has strongly increased the demand for high-capacity enterprise hard disk drives (HDDs). Increasing the areal density brings new challenges to the high-accuracy head-positioning control in the next generation HDD development. Triple-stage-actuator (TSA) system is one of the emerging technologies (Atsumi, 2016, “Emerging Technology for Head-Positioning System in HDDS,” IEEJ J. Ind. Appl. 5(2), pp. 117–122.) that can achieve higher bandwidth than that of a dual-stage-actuator (DSA) system and improve the track-following performance. In this paper, we focus on the TSA system with one voice coil motor (VCM) and two piezoelectric (PZT) actuators. Two types of mixed H2/H∞ synthesis methodologies based on model-based optimization and data-driven optimization are proposed to design the track-following controller for the TSA system. The simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the TSA systems with a tertiary PZT actuator. We also analyze the effects of stroke limitations and resonance frequencies of the second-/third-stage PZT actuators on the head-positioning accuracy. The results might provide a guideline for the TSA mechanical design.
最近云存储行业的快速增长极大地增加了对大容量企业硬盘驱动器(hdd)的需求。面密度的提高对下一代硬盘的高精度头部定位控制提出了新的挑战。三级致动器(TSA)系统是一种新兴技术(Atsumi, 2016，“HDDS中头部定位系统的新兴技术”，IEEJ . Ind. Appl. 5(2)， pp. 117-122 .)，可以实现比双级致动器(DSA)系统更高的带宽，并提高跟踪性能。在本文中，我们重点研究了一个音圈电机(VCM)和两个压电(PZT)作动器的TSA系统。提出了两种基于模型优化和数据驱动优化的混合H2/H∞综合方法来设计TSA系统的跟踪控制器。仿真结果表明，采用三级压电陶瓷作动器的TSA系统具有可行性和有效性。我们还分析了第二/第三级压电陶瓷驱动器的行程限制和共振频率对头部定位精度的影响。研究结果可为TSA的机械设计提供指导。
{"title":"Head-Positioning Control in Triple-Stage-Actuator Enterprise Hard Disk Drives Using Mixed H2/H∞ Synthesis Methodologies","authors":"Zhi Chen, Prateek Shah, R. Horowitz","doi":"10.1115/1.4051251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4051251","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The recent rapid growth in the cloud storage industry has strongly increased the demand for high-capacity enterprise hard disk drives (HDDs). Increasing the areal density brings new challenges to the high-accuracy head-positioning control in the next generation HDD development. Triple-stage-actuator (TSA) system is one of the emerging technologies (Atsumi, 2016, “Emerging Technology for Head-Positioning System in HDDS,” IEEJ J. Ind. Appl. 5(2), pp. 117–122.) that can achieve higher bandwidth than that of a dual-stage-actuator (DSA) system and improve the track-following performance. In this paper, we focus on the TSA system with one voice coil motor (VCM) and two piezoelectric (PZT) actuators. Two types of mixed H2/H∞ synthesis methodologies based on model-based optimization and data-driven optimization are proposed to design the track-following controller for the TSA system. The simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the TSA systems with a tertiary PZT actuator. We also analyze the effects of stroke limitations and resonance frequencies of the second-/third-stage PZT actuators on the head-positioning accuracy. The results might provide a guideline for the TSA mechanical design.","PeriodicalId":327130,"journal":{"name":"ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126664772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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