This paper addresses a significant research gap by focusing on the impact of green Human Resource Management (HRM) practices on employees' organizational citizenship behavior in the context of the health industry, particularly within an emerging economy like Pakistan. Despite the increasing recognition of the importance of environmental sustainability and corporate social responsibility, there has been a notable dearth of research in this specific domain, especially in regions like Pakistan, which are often overlooked in the existing literature. To bridge this gap, our study employs the well-established Ability, Motivation, and Opportunity (AMO) framework as the theoretical foundation. We aim to investigate both the direct and interactive effects of green HRM practices, including reward systems, training initiatives, employee involvement, and performance management, on employees' organizational citizenship behavior for the environment. To substantiate our hypotheses and gain insights into their managerial implications, we conducted an empirical study employing a comprehensive questionnaire survey methodology. Through rigorous analysis, we utilized a regression model as an econometric technique to validate our research framework. The findings of our study are illuminating. We provide robust evidence of the direct and interactive impacts of these four key GHRM practices on employees' organizational citizenship behavior with a particular focus on their environmental engagement. Notably, our results highlight that green training emerges as a pivotal instrument in fostering employees' voluntary environmental actions. The practical implications of our research are noteworthy. By showcasing the effectiveness of GHRM practices in shaping employees' voluntary behavior, our study offers valuable insights for the development of future policies and practices in organizations. Moreover, our research underscores the broader societal relevance of GHRM practices in contributing to sustainable development, emphasizing their role in influencing employees' organizational citizenship behavior for the environment.
{"title":"Unlocking the Power of Green HRM: Exploring its Impact on Organizational Citizenship Behavior - An Empirical Investigation","authors":"Farah Noreen Arshad","doi":"10.47067/reads.v9i3.496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47067/reads.v9i3.496","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses a significant research gap by focusing on the impact of green Human Resource Management (HRM) practices on employees' organizational citizenship behavior in the context of the health industry, particularly within an emerging economy like Pakistan. Despite the increasing recognition of the importance of environmental sustainability and corporate social responsibility, there has been a notable dearth of research in this specific domain, especially in regions like Pakistan, which are often overlooked in the existing literature. To bridge this gap, our study employs the well-established Ability, Motivation, and Opportunity (AMO) framework as the theoretical foundation. We aim to investigate both the direct and interactive effects of green HRM practices, including reward systems, training initiatives, employee involvement, and performance management, on employees' organizational citizenship behavior for the environment. To substantiate our hypotheses and gain insights into their managerial implications, we conducted an empirical study employing a comprehensive questionnaire survey methodology. Through rigorous analysis, we utilized a regression model as an econometric technique to validate our research framework. The findings of our study are illuminating. We provide robust evidence of the direct and interactive impacts of these four key GHRM practices on employees' organizational citizenship behavior with a particular focus on their environmental engagement. Notably, our results highlight that green training emerges as a pivotal instrument in fostering employees' voluntary environmental actions. The practical implications of our research are noteworthy. By showcasing the effectiveness of GHRM practices in shaping employees' voluntary behavior, our study offers valuable insights for the development of future policies and practices in organizations. Moreover, our research underscores the broader societal relevance of GHRM practices in contributing to sustainable development, emphasizing their role in influencing employees' organizational citizenship behavior for the environment.","PeriodicalId":32725,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135126782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Okem, B. Mubangizi, Niyi Adekanla, Sokfa F John
Rural communities are vulnerable to shocks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The resilience of these communities depends on their ability to cope with the impacts of such shocks. This study examines the COVID-19 coping strategies of residents of Matatiele and Winnie Madikizela Mandela local municipalities in South Africa. We collected primary data through 11 FGDs and 13 individual interviews. Of the six coping strategies identified, the most cited was resorting to alternative food sources to address food insecurity. Other coping strategies include alternative sources of income; reducing remittance and expenditure; shifting to new activities; and introducing emotional support. The findings reveal that coping strategies entail changes around basic needs such as food and income. To protect these communities against future shocks, strong local institutions working in collaboration will be invaluable in empowering communities to identify and implement alternative livelihoods while building supportive infrastructure.
{"title":"Examining the COVID-19 Coping Strategies Employed by Residents in selected South Africa’s rural areas","authors":"A. Okem, B. Mubangizi, Niyi Adekanla, Sokfa F John","doi":"10.47067/reads.v9i2.483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47067/reads.v9i2.483","url":null,"abstract":"Rural communities are vulnerable to shocks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The resilience of these communities depends on their ability to cope with the impacts of such shocks. This study examines the COVID-19 coping strategies of residents of Matatiele and Winnie Madikizela Mandela local municipalities in South Africa. We collected primary data through 11 FGDs and 13 individual interviews. Of the six coping strategies identified, the most cited was resorting to alternative food sources to address food insecurity. Other coping strategies include alternative sources of income; reducing remittance and expenditure; shifting to new activities; and introducing emotional support. The findings reveal that coping strategies entail changes around basic needs such as food and income. To protect these communities against future shocks, strong local institutions working in collaboration will be invaluable in empowering communities to identify and implement alternative livelihoods while building supportive infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":32725,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41708006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Javaid Hussain, Sadia Anjum, M. Yousuf, Fiaz Ahmad
This research delves deeply into the intricate interplay among technology innovation, green finance, foreign direct investment (FDI), GDP, and their collective impact on the environment. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model over the timeframe spanning 1990 to 2021, the study aims to unveil nuanced insights into the intricate relationships that shape the environmental landscape. The study's findings offer an insightful perspective on the connections between these pivotal variables and their repercussions on environmental metrics. Specifically, the outcomes reveal a negative correlation between technology innovation, green finance, and CO2 emissions, as well as ecological footprints. This suggests a noteworthy linkage between technological advancements and the adoption of sustainable financial mechanisms with reduced carbon emissions and a less burdensome ecological footprint. These trends underline their potential to contribute positively to the well-being of the environment. In contrast, the study uncovers a positive correlation between FDI, GDP, and both CO2 emissions and ecological footprints. This observation underscores the intricate dynamics at play, wherein foreign direct investment and economic growth appear to exert pressures that escalate carbon emissions and environmental impact. This intricate relationship brings into focus the potential trade-offs between advancing economic development and preserving the environment, necessitating a thoughtful equilibrium for sustainable progress. The implications of these revelations hold substantial weight for policymakers and government officials in Pakistan. By illuminating the nuanced interconnections among technology innovation, green finance, FDI, and environmental indicators, this research equips decision-makers with invaluable insights to formulate effective policies.
{"title":"Greening Growth: The Environmental Implications of Technology Innovation, Green Finance, and Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan","authors":"Javaid Hussain, Sadia Anjum, M. Yousuf, Fiaz Ahmad","doi":"10.47067/reads.v9i2.490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47067/reads.v9i2.490","url":null,"abstract":"This research delves deeply into the intricate interplay among technology innovation, green finance, foreign direct investment (FDI), GDP, and their collective impact on the environment. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model over the timeframe spanning 1990 to 2021, the study aims to unveil nuanced insights into the intricate relationships that shape the environmental landscape. The study's findings offer an insightful perspective on the connections between these pivotal variables and their repercussions on environmental metrics. Specifically, the outcomes reveal a negative correlation between technology innovation, green finance, and CO2 emissions, as well as ecological footprints. This suggests a noteworthy linkage between technological advancements and the adoption of sustainable financial mechanisms with reduced carbon emissions and a less burdensome ecological footprint. These trends underline their potential to contribute positively to the well-being of the environment. In contrast, the study uncovers a positive correlation between FDI, GDP, and both CO2 emissions and ecological footprints. This observation underscores the intricate dynamics at play, wherein foreign direct investment and economic growth appear to exert pressures that escalate carbon emissions and environmental impact. This intricate relationship brings into focus the potential trade-offs between advancing economic development and preserving the environment, necessitating a thoughtful equilibrium for sustainable progress. The implications of these revelations hold substantial weight for policymakers and government officials in Pakistan. By illuminating the nuanced interconnections among technology innovation, green finance, FDI, and environmental indicators, this research equips decision-makers with invaluable insights to formulate effective policies.","PeriodicalId":32725,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47780254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Customer loyalty goes beyond mere satisfaction; it embodies a profound commitment to a product's success, rooted in the unwavering belief that opting for a warranty-backed offering is the ultimate choice. This study delves into the intricate dynamics of customer loyalty among battery manufacturers, scrutinizing the impact of product warranty and complaint resolution while considering the mediating role of trust and the moderating influence of brand image. To shed light on this subject, we harnessed data from a robust sample of 410 customers who purchased batteries from outlets in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Our data collection was accomplished through meticulously crafted questionnaires, employing adopted scales to ensure comprehensive coverage. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) software version 20 were our analytical allies, enabling rigorous testing of our research model. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis contributed statistical evidence to support our hypotheses. Results unveiled the pivotal roles of product warranty and complaint resolution in predicting customer loyalty, with trust acting as a crucial mediator and brand image as a potential moderator. The positive and significant relationship between product warranty, complaint resolution, and customer loyalty echoes the power of these factors in nurturing lasting customer devotion. Interestingly, the direct influence of brand image on customer loyalty also proved significant, albeit with an unexpected twist. While the overall impact remains positive, the indirect effect appears to wield a counterintuitive negative influence. As our findings come to light, management executives stand to gain invaluable insights into fine-tuning their policies, ensuring a customer-centric approach that fosters unwavering loyalty. Armed with this knowledge, businesses can redesign their management strategies to cultivate deeper connections with their clientele.
{"title":"Trust the Shield: Unveiling the Warranty's Power in Building Customer Loyalty through Complaint Resolution","authors":"Farahmandian Arshad, M. Haroon","doi":"10.47067/reads.v9i2.487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47067/reads.v9i2.487","url":null,"abstract":"The Customer loyalty goes beyond mere satisfaction; it embodies a profound commitment to a product's success, rooted in the unwavering belief that opting for a warranty-backed offering is the ultimate choice. This study delves into the intricate dynamics of customer loyalty among battery manufacturers, scrutinizing the impact of product warranty and complaint resolution while considering the mediating role of trust and the moderating influence of brand image. To shed light on this subject, we harnessed data from a robust sample of 410 customers who purchased batteries from outlets in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Our data collection was accomplished through meticulously crafted questionnaires, employing adopted scales to ensure comprehensive coverage. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) software version 20 were our analytical allies, enabling rigorous testing of our research model. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis contributed statistical evidence to support our hypotheses. Results unveiled the pivotal roles of product warranty and complaint resolution in predicting customer loyalty, with trust acting as a crucial mediator and brand image as a potential moderator. The positive and significant relationship between product warranty, complaint resolution, and customer loyalty echoes the power of these factors in nurturing lasting customer devotion. Interestingly, the direct influence of brand image on customer loyalty also proved significant, albeit with an unexpected twist. While the overall impact remains positive, the indirect effect appears to wield a counterintuitive negative influence. As our findings come to light, management executives stand to gain invaluable insights into fine-tuning their policies, ensuring a customer-centric approach that fosters unwavering loyalty. Armed with this knowledge, businesses can redesign their management strategies to cultivate deeper connections with their clientele.","PeriodicalId":32725,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45355479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present research paper aims to assess and quantify the downside risk of Euro Area stock markets using the Value at Risk (VaR) methodology over a substantial time frame spanning 26 years. The study employs daily closing price data from the main stock exchanges of Euro Area nations. Using the historical simulation method, VaR estimates are calculated for each country's stock index, providing valuable insights into market performance and risk levels during both normal and crisis periods. The non-parametric nature of the historical simulation approach is favored due to its flexibility in dealing with non-normal distribution data, making it suitable for this analysis. The findings reveal significant variations in downside risk among Euro Area countries. Certain nations consistently exhibit lower VaR estimates, indicating comparatively lower downside volatility and potential losses. These markets may prove attractive to risk-averse investors seeking stability during adverse market conditions. In contrast, some countries consistently demonstrate higher VaR estimates, signaling heightened downside risk, which may offer higher potential returns but may not align with risk-averse investors' preferences. During periods of crisis, certain Euro Area markets display a lower level of downside volatility, showcasing their resilience during turbulent times. This information can guide investors in constructing diversified portfolios that can withstand adverse market conditions. Additionally, policymakers can draw upon these findings to formulate targeted monetary policies to support financial markets during economic uncertainty. Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into downside risk and market performance in Euro Area stock markets, providing investors, policymakers, and financial participants with essential information to make informed decisions and navigate the complexities of global financial markets effectively.
{"title":"Quantifying Downside Risk in Euro Area Stock Markets: A Value at Risk Study","authors":"Younis Ahmed Ghulam, B. Joo","doi":"10.47067/reads.v9i2.486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47067/reads.v9i2.486","url":null,"abstract":"The present research paper aims to assess and quantify the downside risk of Euro Area stock markets using the Value at Risk (VaR) methodology over a substantial time frame spanning 26 years. The study employs daily closing price data from the main stock exchanges of Euro Area nations. Using the historical simulation method, VaR estimates are calculated for each country's stock index, providing valuable insights into market performance and risk levels during both normal and crisis periods. The non-parametric nature of the historical simulation approach is favored due to its flexibility in dealing with non-normal distribution data, making it suitable for this analysis. The findings reveal significant variations in downside risk among Euro Area countries. Certain nations consistently exhibit lower VaR estimates, indicating comparatively lower downside volatility and potential losses. These markets may prove attractive to risk-averse investors seeking stability during adverse market conditions. In contrast, some countries consistently demonstrate higher VaR estimates, signaling heightened downside risk, which may offer higher potential returns but may not align with risk-averse investors' preferences. During periods of crisis, certain Euro Area markets display a lower level of downside volatility, showcasing their resilience during turbulent times. This information can guide investors in constructing diversified portfolios that can withstand adverse market conditions. Additionally, policymakers can draw upon these findings to formulate targeted monetary policies to support financial markets during economic uncertainty. Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into downside risk and market performance in Euro Area stock markets, providing investors, policymakers, and financial participants with essential information to make informed decisions and navigate the complexities of global financial markets effectively. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":32725,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48459629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the wake of achieving Sustainable Development Goals, this study sets to investigate the allocation of development expenditures as government policy intervention and its role in the uplifting the social condition in districts of Punjab. The constriction of a comprehensive social development is indexed using principal factor analysis. This study considered panel data for 36 districts of Punjab ranging from 2008 to 2017. Estimates from the panel Random Effect model advocated that the rise in the development expenditures by the Government of Punjab follows U shape relationship with the social condition of the province. This quadratic model helps to estimate district-wise effects of government development intervention on social development and its components via which resource mobilization optimization can be done.
{"title":"Development Expenditure Allocation and District Wise Social Development: A Case Study of Punjab Pakistan","authors":"Noman Arshed, H. Rehman, Amna Gulzar","doi":"10.47067/reads.v9i2.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47067/reads.v9i2.214","url":null,"abstract":"In the wake of achieving Sustainable Development Goals, this study sets to investigate the allocation of development expenditures as government policy intervention and its role in the uplifting the social condition in districts of Punjab. The constriction of a comprehensive social development is indexed using principal factor analysis. This study considered panel data for 36 districts of Punjab ranging from 2008 to 2017. Estimates from the panel Random Effect model advocated that the rise in the development expenditures by the Government of Punjab follows U shape relationship with the social condition of the province. This quadratic model helps to estimate district-wise effects of government development intervention on social development and its components via which resource mobilization optimization can be done. ","PeriodicalId":32725,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45547845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Javaid Hussain, Muhammad Arshad Anwer, M. Ghani, Muhammad Umar
This research looks at the connections between FDI, renewable and nonrenewable energy, human capital, and the environment in Pakistan. Using data collected from 1998 to 2020, this study uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method to quantify the interdependencies between various conceptual frameworks. All variables tested had a significant impact on FDI in the long run. The environment coefficient is significantly negative. In addition, there is a positive indication of significance for the coefficients of renewable energy, non-renewable energy, and human capital acquired through formal education. Based on the findings of this research, it is recommended that national governments take steps to attract more FDI.
{"title":"The Importance of Renewable Energy Consumption and Human Capital in Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan","authors":"Javaid Hussain, Muhammad Arshad Anwer, M. Ghani, Muhammad Umar","doi":"10.47067/reads.v9i1.478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47067/reads.v9i1.478","url":null,"abstract":"This research looks at the connections between FDI, renewable and nonrenewable energy, human capital, and the environment in Pakistan. Using data collected from 1998 to 2020, this study uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method to quantify the interdependencies between various conceptual frameworks. All variables tested had a significant impact on FDI in the long run. The environment coefficient is significantly negative. In addition, there is a positive indication of significance for the coefficients of renewable energy, non-renewable energy, and human capital acquired through formal education. Based on the findings of this research, it is recommended that national governments take steps to attract more FDI.","PeriodicalId":32725,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47738915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study is conducted to examine the influence of Industrial expansion and Trade openness on Environmental degradation by using panel data of 16 Asian economies from 1992 to 2020. The results are estimated through panel unit root test and then Panel ARDL technique. The results of unit root test propose to apply Panel ARDL and their results are estimated for short run and long run. It is analysed that Industrial value addition are population density are increasing Co2 Emission in Asian economies while trade openness, government expenditure and GDP are reducing Co2 Emission.
{"title":"Industrial Expansion, Trade Openness and Environmental Degradation in Asia: A Panel Data Analysis","authors":"F. Bashir, M. Javaid","doi":"10.47067/reads.v9i1.477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47067/reads.v9i1.477","url":null,"abstract":"The study is conducted to examine the influence of Industrial expansion and Trade openness on Environmental degradation by using panel data of 16 Asian economies from 1992 to 2020. The results are estimated through panel unit root test and then Panel ARDL technique. The results of unit root test propose to apply Panel ARDL and their results are estimated for short run and long run. It is analysed that Industrial value addition are population density are increasing Co2 Emission in Asian economies while trade openness, government expenditure and GDP are reducing Co2 Emission.","PeriodicalId":32725,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47750912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sidra Shaukat, Aabru e Fatima, Muhammad Waseem, Muhammad Kamran Bhatti
The primary goal of this study is to inspect the Government Expenditure consequence on the Pakistan’s economy growth. For this intention study used data of annual time series from 1980 to 2020. The research-work utilized ADF Unit-Root Test that verify stationary data. And applied (OLS) technique to estimation the connection among the GDP and Govt Expenditure, Inflation, and GDP per capita. The estimation of the OLS method shows there is a positive and significant impact of Govt expenditure and GDP per capita on GDP. While; Inflation has a significantly negative influence on GDP of the country. This study propose that Fiscal Policy Expansionary can be utilized by the Govt to motivate the economic situation during the time of downturn.
{"title":"Government Expenditure impact on the Economic Growth of Pakistan","authors":"Sidra Shaukat, Aabru e Fatima, Muhammad Waseem, Muhammad Kamran Bhatti","doi":"10.47067/reads.v9i1.476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47067/reads.v9i1.476","url":null,"abstract":"The primary goal of this study is to inspect the Government Expenditure consequence on the Pakistan’s economy growth. For this intention study used data of annual time series from 1980 to 2020. The research-work utilized ADF Unit-Root Test that verify stationary data. And applied (OLS) technique to estimation the connection among the GDP and Govt Expenditure, Inflation, and GDP per capita. The estimation of the OLS method shows there is a positive and significant impact of Govt expenditure and GDP per capita on GDP. While; Inflation has a significantly negative influence on GDP of the country. This study propose that Fiscal Policy Expansionary can be utilized by the Govt to motivate the economic situation during the time of downturn.","PeriodicalId":32725,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48575339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focuses on exploring the factors affecting on urban Earnings of household of Multan district. Cross-sectional data was collected through questionnaire from household of District Multan's belonging to rural areas. About 300 respondents belonging to rural areas were randomly engaged for an interview in 2021. Mincerian earning function was used for analysis and its extension form was also analyzed. In this study it was found that Experience and Education positively impact on earning whereas experience square had a negative impact while evaluating Mincerian Earing function. In the Extended Mincerian Earing function, Education, experience, age, spouse involvement, marital status, and migration positively impact on earnings while age squared, experience squared, and employment have a negative impact on earnings of rural household of Multan district.
{"title":"Determinants of Earnings of Rural Households of Multan District (Pakistan)","authors":"Rashid Ahmad, Saba Rehman","doi":"10.47067/reads.v9i1.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47067/reads.v9i1.475","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on exploring the factors affecting on urban Earnings of household of Multan district. Cross-sectional data was collected through questionnaire from household of District Multan's belonging to rural areas. About 300 respondents belonging to rural areas were randomly engaged for an interview in 2021. Mincerian earning function was used for analysis and its extension form was also analyzed. In this study it was found that Experience and Education positively impact on earning whereas experience square had a negative impact while evaluating Mincerian Earing function. In the Extended Mincerian Earing function, Education, experience, age, spouse involvement, marital status, and migration positively impact on earnings while age squared, experience squared, and employment have a negative impact on earnings of rural household of Multan district.","PeriodicalId":32725,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47532225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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