Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.4186/ej.2021.25.10.39
F. Hong, K. Chia, Xien Yin Yap
{"title":"A Comparison between the Post- and Pre-dispersive Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Non-Destructive Brix Prediction Using Artificial Neural Network","authors":"F. Hong, K. Chia, Xien Yin Yap","doi":"10.4186/ej.2021.25.10.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.10.39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32885,"journal":{"name":"AlKhawarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74353507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.4186/ej.2021.25.10.87
K. Matra, Kiatnarong Narinram, Siwamate Ploysap, P. Prakongsil, J. Promping
{"title":"Microbial Reduction of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) and Chan Khao (Tarenna hoaensis Pitard) Herb Powder by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma for Food Sanitary","authors":"K. Matra, Kiatnarong Narinram, Siwamate Ploysap, P. Prakongsil, J. Promping","doi":"10.4186/ej.2021.25.10.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.10.87","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32885,"journal":{"name":"AlKhawarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75258835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.4186/ej.2021.25.10.105
P. Promthaisong, P. Promvonge, C. Khanoknaiyakarn, S. Skullong
{"title":"Numerical Heat Transfer Investigation in a Solar Receiver Heat Exchanger Channel with Punched Elliptical-Winglet Vortex Generators","authors":"P. Promthaisong, P. Promvonge, C. Khanoknaiyakarn, S. Skullong","doi":"10.4186/ej.2021.25.10.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.10.105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32885,"journal":{"name":"AlKhawarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81238194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, is the most severely salt-affected area in the country’s Northeast region caused by the underlying geology and human activities. In this condition, evaporation of groundwater with salt to the soil surface is an important issue that affects the use of the area primarily for agricultural purposes. This research aimed to improve saline soil quality using rice husk biochar (RHB) to enable rice cultivation. The experiment was designed to limit the evaporation of salty groundwater by cultivating rice in the cement pond. A mixture of different amounts of RHB with four replicates at 0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2.0% by weight (wt.%) and 500 g dried cow manure were used for rice cultivation. Jasmine rice variety KDML 105 was planted in cement ponds filled with saline sodic soil at pH 10.6, with a total sodium content of 0.83%, electrical conductivity of 68.6 dS/m, and SAR of 11,707. The results indicated that RHB could significantly reduce the soil salinity, EC, Na+ content, and SAR value while elevating the levels of available macronutrients within just one crop of rice cultivation (120 days). In addition, salt evaporation from groundwater to the soil surface can be limited. The study demonstrated that mixing RHB at 1.5% wt into the saline soil can improve the salted soil and yield the highest rice production. Applying RHB in saline sodic soil for rice cultivated in cement pond is an alternative way for saltaffected areas to reach food security and long-term salted soil revitalization.
{"title":"Innovative use of Rice Husk Biochar for Rice Cultivation in Salt-affected Soils with Alternated Wetting and Drying Irrigation","authors":"Sirapat Prasertsuk, Saowanee Wijitkosum","doi":"10.4186/ej.2021.25.9.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.9.19","url":null,"abstract":"Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, is the most severely salt-affected area in the country’s Northeast region caused by the underlying geology and human activities. In this condition, evaporation of groundwater with salt to the soil surface is an important issue that affects the use of the area primarily for agricultural purposes. This research aimed to improve saline soil quality using rice husk biochar (RHB) to enable rice cultivation. The experiment was designed to limit the evaporation of salty groundwater by cultivating rice in the cement pond. A mixture of different amounts of RHB with four replicates at 0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2.0% by weight (wt.%) and 500 g dried cow manure were used for rice cultivation. Jasmine rice variety KDML 105 was planted in cement ponds filled with saline sodic soil at pH 10.6, with a total sodium content of 0.83%, electrical conductivity of 68.6 dS/m, and SAR of 11,707. The results indicated that RHB could significantly reduce the soil salinity, EC, Na+ content, and SAR value while elevating the levels of available macronutrients within just one crop of rice cultivation (120 days). In addition, salt evaporation from groundwater to the soil surface can be limited. The study demonstrated that mixing RHB at 1.5% wt into the saline soil can improve the salted soil and yield the highest rice production. Applying RHB in saline sodic soil for rice cultivated in cement pond is an alternative way for saltaffected areas to reach food security and long-term salted soil revitalization.","PeriodicalId":32885,"journal":{"name":"AlKhawarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90304803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using the extract from cold-brew spent coffee grounds. The colloids were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy. When using 1.8 mM and 4.0 mM HAuCl4, the average diameter of AuNPs was 10.51 and 13.75 nm, corresponding to the peak at 533 and 539, respectively. The colloidal stability was studied using the results from spectrophotometry. The aggregation of as-synthesized AuNPs, reflected by the red shift of the spectrum, occurred after the centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 10 minutes but this was prevented after coating with 5%w/v PEG400, 5%w/v PEG6000, 0.1%w/v alginate, and 0.5%w/v SDS solutions. Electrostatic stabilization using alginate and SDS could withstand up to three times of centrifugation, while steric stabilization using PEG400 and PEG6000 could withstand the disturbance of Ca2+ more effectively. The smaller AuNPs were more affected by Ca2+ than the larger ones. In highly acidic solutions, all coated AuNPs showed the red shift and SDS-coated AuNPs were the most effective against acid disturbance, and in highly basic solutions, all coated AuNPs showed the blue shift. Besides, the coated AuNPs were still stable at 52oC. This study could be applied in situations where mechanical, chemical, thermal and acid disturbances are concerned.
{"title":"Coating Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized from Spent Coffee Ground Extract to Enhance Their Stability","authors":"Nichayanan Manyuan, P. Danwanichakul","doi":"10.4186/ej.2021.25.9.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.9.55","url":null,"abstract":"Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using the extract from cold-brew spent coffee grounds. The colloids were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy. When using 1.8 mM and 4.0 mM HAuCl4, the average diameter of AuNPs was 10.51 and 13.75 nm, corresponding to the peak at 533 and 539, respectively. The colloidal stability was studied using the results from spectrophotometry. The aggregation of as-synthesized AuNPs, reflected by the red shift of the spectrum, occurred after the centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 10 minutes but this was prevented after coating with 5%w/v PEG400, 5%w/v PEG6000, 0.1%w/v alginate, and 0.5%w/v SDS solutions. Electrostatic stabilization using alginate and SDS could withstand up to three times of centrifugation, while steric stabilization using PEG400 and PEG6000 could withstand the disturbance of Ca2+ more effectively. The smaller AuNPs were more affected by Ca2+ than the larger ones. In highly acidic solutions, all coated AuNPs showed the red shift and SDS-coated AuNPs were the most effective against acid disturbance, and in highly basic solutions, all coated AuNPs showed the blue shift. Besides, the coated AuNPs were still stable at 52oC. This study could be applied in situations where mechanical, chemical, thermal and acid disturbances are concerned.","PeriodicalId":32885,"journal":{"name":"AlKhawarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85358209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Therdthai Thienthong, E. Juntasaro, W. Sripumkhai, Nongluck Houngkamhang, M. Chanasakulniyom, N. Khemthongcharoen, P. Pattamang, N. Atthi, C. Promptmas, P. Uawithya, W. Jeamsaksiri
{"title":"Mixing-Performance Evaluation of a Multiple Dilution Microfluidic Chip for a Human Serum Dilution Process","authors":"Therdthai Thienthong, E. Juntasaro, W. Sripumkhai, Nongluck Houngkamhang, M. Chanasakulniyom, N. Khemthongcharoen, P. Pattamang, N. Atthi, C. Promptmas, P. Uawithya, W. Jeamsaksiri","doi":"10.4186/ej.2021.25.9.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.9.67","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32885,"journal":{"name":"AlKhawarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80708277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Santi Pumkrachang, K. Asawarungsaengkul, P. Chutima
The shear strength of adhesive bonding between the slider and suspension greatly affects the quality of the hard disk drive. Therefore, this paper intends to determine the optimal slider bonding parameters which can maximize the shear strength of the adhesive joint. The response surface methodology (RSM) and optimization are employed to investigate the effects of five process parameters to the shear strength of the adhesive joint. Next, the central composite design which is a RSM is conducted. The analysis of variance is used to identify the significant terms of the quadratic regression model. Then, the optimization approach is utilized to determine the optimal process parameters with the mean shear strength of 257.62 gf. The confirmation experiment to validate the quadratic model reveals that the prediction error is only 1.6% which is acceptable. Next, the regression model is also used to define the optimal process conditions under the capacity constraint. In this case, the regression model can provide the accurate prediction of the shear strength with 1.14% error. In conclusion, the RSM and optimization approach can effectively yield the optimal process parameters that can enhance the shear strength of the adhesive joint to achieve the appropriate quality level.
{"title":"Experiment Investigation and Optimization for Slider Bonding Process to Enhance the Shear Strength of Epoxy Adhesive Joint","authors":"Santi Pumkrachang, K. Asawarungsaengkul, P. Chutima","doi":"10.4186/ej.2021.25.9.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.9.33","url":null,"abstract":"The shear strength of adhesive bonding between the slider and suspension greatly affects the quality of the hard disk drive. Therefore, this paper intends to determine the optimal slider bonding parameters which can maximize the shear strength of the adhesive joint. The response surface methodology (RSM) and optimization are employed to investigate the effects of five process parameters to the shear strength of the adhesive joint. Next, the central composite design which is a RSM is conducted. The analysis of variance is used to identify the significant terms of the quadratic regression model. Then, the optimization approach is utilized to determine the optimal process parameters with the mean shear strength of 257.62 gf. The confirmation experiment to validate the quadratic model reveals that the prediction error is only 1.6% which is acceptable. Next, the regression model is also used to define the optimal process conditions under the capacity constraint. In this case, the regression model can provide the accurate prediction of the shear strength with 1.14% error. In conclusion, the RSM and optimization approach can effectively yield the optimal process parameters that can enhance the shear strength of the adhesive joint to achieve the appropriate quality level.","PeriodicalId":32885,"journal":{"name":"AlKhawarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"259 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77874556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Wahyudiono, S. Machmudah, H. Kanda, Yaping Zhao, M. Goto
The water pollutants removal and the metal nanoparticles synthesis were demonstrated by the applying high voltage discharge plasma at room temperature. The experiments were performed in continuous system by the flowing liquid and gas phases simultaneously in a glass capillary tube, where various gas types were employed as a gas phase. The optical emission spectroscopy (OES) equipment identified that the reactive oxidation species were obviously observed at each gas type. The generation rate of them can be enhanced significantly by changing the reactor type from straight to helical form. The water pollutants removal rate has order from oxygen > air > nitrogen > argon > helium. Furthermore, the silver or gold nanoparticles can be synthesized by this plasma reactor system. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicated that the particle products had spherical morphology with a diameter size smaller than 10 nm. It was deduced that the process presented here is an innovative and applicable in practice, and it can lead to advanced organic compounds degradation and nanoparticles synthesis technology.
{"title":"Pulsed Discharge Plasma in Slug-flow Reactor System for Water Pollutant Removal and Nanoparticle Synthesis","authors":"W. Wahyudiono, S. Machmudah, H. Kanda, Yaping Zhao, M. Goto","doi":"10.4186/ej.2021.25.9.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.9.1","url":null,"abstract":"The water pollutants removal and the metal nanoparticles synthesis were demonstrated by the applying high voltage discharge plasma at room temperature. The experiments were performed in continuous system by the flowing liquid and gas phases simultaneously in a glass capillary tube, where various gas types were employed as a gas phase. The optical emission spectroscopy (OES) equipment identified that the reactive oxidation species were obviously observed at each gas type. The generation rate of them can be enhanced significantly by changing the reactor type from straight to helical form. The water pollutants removal rate has order from oxygen > air > nitrogen > argon > helium. Furthermore, the silver or gold nanoparticles can be synthesized by this plasma reactor system. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicated that the particle products had spherical morphology with a diameter size smaller than 10 nm. It was deduced that the process presented here is an innovative and applicable in practice, and it can lead to advanced organic compounds degradation and nanoparticles synthesis technology.","PeriodicalId":32885,"journal":{"name":"AlKhawarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82942930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Siralertmukul, Nannalyn Yuenyaw, Supawin Watcharamul, R. Nuisin
Chitosan/cassava starch (CS/ST) composite films with different CS:ST (w/w) ratios were prepared by solution casting and investigated as a support for fumed silica (fSiO2) dispersion. The CS, as a 1% (w/v) solution in 1% (w/v) acetic acid, and gelatinized ST, as a 3% (w/v) solution in 1% (w/v) acetic acid, were mixed at the appropriate volume ratios with a homogenizer, and then fSiO2 at 1, 3, or 5% (w/w of CS) was added and cast as films. The morphology, tensile strength, contact angle, X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, and surface functional groups of the films were investigated. The external morphology of the CS/ST composite film revealed that the fSiO2 particles were homogeneously dispersed into the polymer matrix. The water absorption and surface hydrophobicity of the composite film increased with increasing ST or CS contents. The hydrophobic acetyl groups of CS caused a notable reduction in the wettability as well as the water adsorption ability, which are preferable for a packaging film application. The CS/ST film with a high fSiO2 content had a higher tensile strength due to the reinforcement effect of the fSiO2 nanoparticles. The XRD patterns of the CS/ST films revealed that the 2 of the crystalline region of CS were slightly changed when including the fSiO2. The shift in the ST diffraction peak was probably due to the change in its chain orientation caused by hydrogen-bonding interactions between CS and ST molecules, resulting in their good adhesion.
{"title":"Facile Fabrication of Chitosan/Starch Composite Films with Fumed Silica as an Additive","authors":"K. Siralertmukul, Nannalyn Yuenyaw, Supawin Watcharamul, R. Nuisin","doi":"10.4186/ej.2021.25.9.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.9.45","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan/cassava starch (CS/ST) composite films with different CS:ST (w/w) ratios were prepared by solution casting and investigated as a support for fumed silica (fSiO2) dispersion. The CS, as a 1% (w/v) solution in 1% (w/v) acetic acid, and gelatinized ST, as a 3% (w/v) solution in 1% (w/v) acetic acid, were mixed at the appropriate volume ratios with a homogenizer, and then fSiO2 at 1, 3, or 5% (w/w of CS) was added and cast as films. The morphology, tensile strength, contact angle, X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, and surface functional groups of the films were investigated. The external morphology of the CS/ST composite film revealed that the fSiO2 particles were homogeneously dispersed into the polymer matrix. The water absorption and surface hydrophobicity of the composite film increased with increasing ST or CS contents. The hydrophobic acetyl groups of CS caused a notable reduction in the wettability as well as the water adsorption ability, which are preferable for a packaging film application. The CS/ST film with a high fSiO2 content had a higher tensile strength due to the reinforcement effect of the fSiO2 nanoparticles. The XRD patterns of the CS/ST films revealed that the 2 of the crystalline region of CS were slightly changed when including the fSiO2. The shift in the ST diffraction peak was probably due to the change in its chain orientation caused by hydrogen-bonding interactions between CS and ST molecules, resulting in their good adhesion.","PeriodicalId":32885,"journal":{"name":"AlKhawarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89091595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.4186/ej.2021.25.8.137
Albeiro Santa-Acosta, Lina María Morales-Garcia, Herbert Enrique Rojas-Cubides
Indirect lightning measurement, using sensors and remote systems that record the radiated electric fields, is one of the most used methods to study and characterize this type of electrical discharges. This is due to its simplicity of implementation, low cost and the valuable information it provides. However, the measurement of the lightning-generated electric fields (LEF) can be influenced by factors such as the type of sensor, its physical features and its location, as well as by characteristics of the electromagnetic environment like geographical features, the structures that surround the measurement station and the materials of these objects. Under this consideration, this paper proposes a generalized method focused on the identification of those parameters that affect significantly influence the LEF measurement, as well as the process to estimate the correction factor of any measuring system designed for this purpose. This factor is important, as it indicates the proportion in which the signals of interest are attenuated or amplified. The method includes a review about the characteristics of the sensors, their connection scheme and a detailed analysis of the effect of the surrounding structures, taking into account parameters such as the permittivity and electrical conductivity of the materials. Finally, with the aim of presenting quantitative results, the proposed method is validated using as a practical case the information from the LEF automated measuring station owned by the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas located in Bogotá, Colombia.
间接闪电测量，使用传感器和远程系统记录辐射电场，是研究和表征这类放电的最常用方法之一。这是由于其实现简单、成本低和提供有价值的信息。然而，雷击产生的电场(LEF)的测量会受到传感器类型、物理特征和位置等因素的影响，也会受到电磁环境特征(如地理特征、测量站周围的结构和这些物体的材料)的影响。在此基础上，本文提出了一种广义方法，重点识别对LEF测量有显著影响的参数，以及为此设计的任何测量系统的修正系数的估计过程。这个因素很重要，因为它表明感兴趣的信号衰减或放大的比例。该方法包括对传感器的特性、连接方案和周围结构影响的详细分析，同时考虑到材料的介电常数和电导率等参数。最后，为了给出定量结果，我们使用位于哥伦比亚波哥大的弗朗西斯科·约瑟·德·卡尔达斯大学(Universidad distriital Francisco joses de Caldas)拥有的LEF自动测量站的信息作为一个实际案例对所提出的方法进行了验证。
{"title":"Practical Method to Evaluate the Effects of the Sensor and the Environment on the Measurement of Lightning-Generated Electric Field Signatures","authors":"Albeiro Santa-Acosta, Lina María Morales-Garcia, Herbert Enrique Rojas-Cubides","doi":"10.4186/ej.2021.25.8.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.8.137","url":null,"abstract":"Indirect lightning measurement, using sensors and remote systems that record the radiated electric fields, is one of the most used methods to study and characterize this type of electrical discharges. This is due to its simplicity of implementation, low cost and the valuable information it provides. However, the measurement of the lightning-generated electric fields (LEF) can be influenced by factors such as the type of sensor, its physical features and its location, as well as by characteristics of the electromagnetic environment like geographical features, the structures that surround the measurement station and the materials of these objects. Under this consideration, this paper proposes a generalized method focused on the identification of those parameters that affect significantly influence the LEF measurement, as well as the process to estimate the correction factor of any measuring system designed for this purpose. This factor is important, as it indicates the proportion in which the signals of interest are attenuated or amplified. The method includes a review about the characteristics of the sensors, their connection scheme and a detailed analysis of the effect of the surrounding structures, taking into account parameters such as the permittivity and electrical conductivity of the materials. Finally, with the aim of presenting quantitative results, the proposed method is validated using as a practical case the information from the LEF automated measuring station owned by the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas located in Bogotá, Colombia.","PeriodicalId":32885,"journal":{"name":"AlKhawarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81339048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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