Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.4186/ej.2021.25.12.81
K. Puntsri, E. Khansalee, Hanawa Masanori
This study demonstrates the high spectrum efficiency of DC offset single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (DC-SC-FDM) for underwater optical wireless communications (UOWC). I and Q components were separately transmitted using dual lasers. As a result, the requirement of Hermitian symmetry is alleviated, and the computation time latency is reduced. The Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization procedure was adopted to address the I and Q orthogonality. The system comprises a 1024-point inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), a cyclic prefix of 32 samples, and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) of 400 Msps, and laser diodes possess a wavelength of 553 nm with a power of 150 mW. The study includes real transmissions in a freshwater communication channel and reports experimental results. In addition, the bit error rate has been evaluated. The results show that at the forward error correction (FEC) limit, a communication distance of 10 m can be achieved. A peak-to-average power ratio reduction of 4.96 dB is reached.
{"title":"Experimental Demonstration of Non-Hermitian Symmetry for DC-SC-FDM in UOWC Systems","authors":"K. Puntsri, E. Khansalee, Hanawa Masanori","doi":"10.4186/ej.2021.25.12.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.12.81","url":null,"abstract":"This study demonstrates the high spectrum efficiency of DC offset single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (DC-SC-FDM) for underwater optical wireless communications (UOWC). I and Q components were separately transmitted using dual lasers. As a result, the requirement of Hermitian symmetry is alleviated, and the computation time latency is reduced. The Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization procedure was adopted to address the I and Q orthogonality. The system comprises a 1024-point inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), a cyclic prefix of 32 samples, and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) of 400 Msps, and laser diodes possess a wavelength of 553 nm with a power of 150 mW. The study includes real transmissions in a freshwater communication channel and reports experimental results. In addition, the bit error rate has been evaluated. The results show that at the forward error correction (FEC) limit, a communication distance of 10 m can be achieved. A peak-to-average power ratio reduction of 4.96 dB is reached.","PeriodicalId":32885,"journal":{"name":"AlKhawarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73887576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This investigation emphasizes the changes of the lift-to-drag ratio of an airfoil with the variation of ground clearance and angles of attack. Various ground clearances and angles of attack with a fixed speed of 30 m/s are applied to the NACA 4412 airfoil. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to calculate the aerodynamic coefficients acting on it. To study the influence of these two factors on the lift-to-drag ratio, 32 factorial design based on Design of Experiments (DOE) is utilized. A total of 9 numerical experiments were carried out with Ansys Fluent. When the angle of attack decreases, lift coefficient increases and drag coefficient decreases resulting in a high lift-to-drag ratio: also, the lower the ground clearance, the higher the lift-to-drag ratio. It shows the effectiveness of ground clearance and angle of attack. The analysis shows that either increasing ground clearance or using a higher angle of attack gives a decrement in the lift-to-drag ratio, but there is no interaction between them.
{"title":"Parametric Optimization of NACA 4412 Airfoil in Ground Effect Using Full Factorial Design of Experiment","authors":"Shwe Yee, M. Thianwiboon","doi":"10.4186/ej.2021.25.12.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.12.9","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation emphasizes the changes of the lift-to-drag ratio of an airfoil with the variation of ground clearance and angles of attack. Various ground clearances and angles of attack with a fixed speed of 30 m/s are applied to the NACA 4412 airfoil. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to calculate the aerodynamic coefficients acting on it. To study the influence of these two factors on the lift-to-drag ratio, 32 factorial design based on Design of Experiments (DOE) is utilized. A total of 9 numerical experiments were carried out with Ansys Fluent. When the angle of attack decreases, lift coefficient increases and drag coefficient decreases resulting in a high lift-to-drag ratio: also, the lower the ground clearance, the higher the lift-to-drag ratio. It shows the effectiveness of ground clearance and angle of attack. The analysis shows that either increasing ground clearance or using a higher angle of attack gives a decrement in the lift-to-drag ratio, but there is no interaction between them.","PeriodicalId":32885,"journal":{"name":"AlKhawarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76749097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.4186/ej.2021.25.12.63
Pipat Tansakul, Thanabodee Sinpo, Phongsakorn Thawornsathit, V. Juntasaro, E. Juntasaro
The objective of this work is to numerically assess the cooling performance of two double swirl/vortex chamber configurations (DSC and M-DVC). The predictive capability of five turbulence models is critically evaluated on fine and good-quality mesh for impinging and swirling flows. The averaged second norm 2 L is employed to quantitatively measure the simulation error from each turbulence model compared to the experimental data. The RNG k − turbulence model with enhanced wall treatment is found to be the most accurate and suitable for the simulation of impinging and swirling flows. Various key physical and dimensionless parameters, including thermal performance factor, turbulence kinetic energy and vorticity, are used to comparatively assess the cooling performance of DSC and M-DVC under the laboratory testing condition and the real operating condition at base load. The results reveal that DSC can enhance better heat transfer due to higher turbulence kinetic energy. Also, much more uniform Nusselt number distribution is obtained by DSC owing to more symmetric and uniformly distributed velocity and vorticity. With the real operating condition, DSC even performs much better than M-DVC.
本工作的目的是数值评估两种双旋流/涡室配置(DSC和M-DVC)的冷却性能。在高质量的网格上对五种湍流模型的预测能力进行了严格的评价。采用平均秒范数2l定量测量各湍流模型与实验数据的模拟误差。采用增强壁面处理的RNG k -湍流模型是最准确的，适合于模拟撞击流和旋流。利用热性能因子、湍流动能、涡量等关键物理参数和无因次参数，对比评价了DSC和M-DVC在实验室测试工况和基本负荷实际工况下的制冷性能。结果表明，由于湍流动能较大，DSC能较好地促进换热。此外，由于速度和涡量分布更加对称和均匀，DSC得到的努塞尔数分布更加均匀。在实际运行条件下，DSC的性能甚至比M-DVC要好得多。
{"title":"Numerical Investigation of Two Double Swirl/Vortex Chamber Configurations for Turbine Blade Leading Edge Cooling","authors":"Pipat Tansakul, Thanabodee Sinpo, Phongsakorn Thawornsathit, V. Juntasaro, E. Juntasaro","doi":"10.4186/ej.2021.25.12.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.12.63","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is to numerically assess the cooling performance of two double swirl/vortex chamber configurations (DSC and M-DVC). The predictive capability of five turbulence models is critically evaluated on fine and good-quality mesh for impinging and swirling flows. The averaged second norm 2 L is employed to quantitatively measure the simulation error from each turbulence model compared to the experimental data. The RNG k − turbulence model with enhanced wall treatment is found to be the most accurate and suitable for the simulation of impinging and swirling flows. Various key physical and dimensionless parameters, including thermal performance factor, turbulence kinetic energy and vorticity, are used to comparatively assess the cooling performance of DSC and M-DVC under the laboratory testing condition and the real operating condition at base load. The results reveal that DSC can enhance better heat transfer due to higher turbulence kinetic energy. Also, much more uniform Nusselt number distribution is obtained by DSC owing to more symmetric and uniformly distributed velocity and vorticity. With the real operating condition, DSC even performs much better than M-DVC.","PeriodicalId":32885,"journal":{"name":"AlKhawarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86946966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Fallah, T. Asadishad, G. Parsanasab, S. Harun, Waleed S. Mohammed, M. Yasin
In this study, Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods based fiber optic biosensor has been reported for rapid and sensitive detection of Escherichia Coli (E-coli). A thin layer of Gold nanoparticles (Au) (around 50 nm) is coated on the tip of a multimode plastic optical fiber. ZnO Nanorods are grown on Au layer thorough hydrothermal technique. This sensor showed a very fast response within the first 10 second of contacting the present of polluted water with E-coli Different concentrations of E. coli from (1000 to 4000 CFU/ml) have been tested and a sharp trend of sensitivity was observed. This sensing platform shows promising potential for regular water and food quality monitoring of various pathogenic microorganisms.
{"title":"Optical Fiber Biosensor toward E-coli Bacterial Detection on the Pollutant Water","authors":"H. Fallah, T. Asadishad, G. Parsanasab, S. Harun, Waleed S. Mohammed, M. Yasin","doi":"10.4186/ej.2021.25.12.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.12.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods based fiber optic biosensor has been reported for rapid and sensitive detection of Escherichia Coli (E-coli). A thin layer of Gold nanoparticles (Au) (around 50 nm) is coated on the tip of a multimode plastic optical fiber. ZnO Nanorods are grown on Au layer thorough hydrothermal technique. This sensor showed a very fast response within the first 10 second of contacting the present of polluted water with E-coli Different concentrations of E. coli from (1000 to 4000 CFU/ml) have been tested and a sharp trend of sensitivity was observed. This sensing platform shows promising potential for regular water and food quality monitoring of various pathogenic microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":32885,"journal":{"name":"AlKhawarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89707794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Nasir, Muhammad Saadi, R. Gelani, Faisal Mustafa
This paper discusses a task assignment problem. The scenario under consideration is a superstore with a team of fetching robots. There is a set of customers each requiring a unique set of items. The goal is to assign the task of fetching the items to the available robots in such a way that the time and effort required for fetching the item is minimized. For this purpose, a Markov Decision Process based model has been proposed. The proposed-model is solvable using stochastic dynamic programming algorithms such as value iteration for the calculation of optimal task assignment policy. The analysis of the characteristics of the resulting optimal policy has been presented with the help of a numerical case study.
{"title":"Optimal Assignment of Customer-Desired Items to the Fetching Robots in Superstores","authors":"Ali Nasir, Muhammad Saadi, R. Gelani, Faisal Mustafa","doi":"10.4186/ej.2021.25.11.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.11.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses a task assignment problem. The scenario under consideration is a superstore with a team of fetching robots. There is a set of customers each requiring a unique set of items. The goal is to assign the task of fetching the items to the available robots in such a way that the time and effort required for fetching the item is minimized. For this purpose, a Markov Decision Process based model has been proposed. The proposed-model is solvable using stochastic dynamic programming algorithms such as value iteration for the calculation of optimal task assignment policy. The analysis of the characteristics of the resulting optimal policy has been presented with the help of a numerical case study.","PeriodicalId":32885,"journal":{"name":"AlKhawarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91186089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.4186/ej.2021.25.11.45
Jiratrakul Tunkeaw, W. Rojanaratanangkule
The explicit filtering approach is applied to the quasi-conservative five-equation model of compressible two-phase flows to capture the interface between each fluid and a shock wave. The basic idea of the present filter is to combine a low-order linear filter with a high-order one via a proper discontinuity sensor and optimum linear weights. The capability of the proposed filter in capturing the contact discontinuity and damping the grid-to-grid oscillations is analysed. Various one-dimensional and two-dimensional test cases are performed, namely the interface advection of gas-gas flow, the shockinterface interaction, the gas-liquid Riemann problem, and the inviscid shock-bubble interaction. The numerical results reveal that the present filtering method can accurately capture the propagation of the shock waves and interfaces. Additionally, it produces less spurious oscillations compared with the existing 2nd-order discontinuity-capturing filter.
{"title":"A Discontinuity-Capturing Methodology for Two-Phase Inviscid Compressible Flow","authors":"Jiratrakul Tunkeaw, W. Rojanaratanangkule","doi":"10.4186/ej.2021.25.11.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.11.45","url":null,"abstract":"The explicit filtering approach is applied to the quasi-conservative five-equation model of compressible two-phase flows to capture the interface between each fluid and a shock wave. The basic idea of the present filter is to combine a low-order linear filter with a high-order one via a proper discontinuity sensor and optimum linear weights. The capability of the proposed filter in capturing the contact discontinuity and damping the grid-to-grid oscillations is analysed. Various one-dimensional and two-dimensional test cases are performed, namely the interface advection of gas-gas flow, the shockinterface interaction, the gas-liquid Riemann problem, and the inviscid shock-bubble interaction. The numerical results reveal that the present filtering method can accurately capture the propagation of the shock waves and interfaces. Additionally, it produces less spurious oscillations compared with the existing 2nd-order discontinuity-capturing filter.","PeriodicalId":32885,"journal":{"name":"AlKhawarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84296809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.4186/ej.2021.25.11.13
Pana Suttakul, Ekachai Chaichanasiri, P. Nanakorn
In this study, a method to design 2D-lattice plates, based on their weight efficiency, is proposed. The 2D-lattice plates considered in this study are made up of Euler-Bernoulli beams and can be modeled as homogeneous orthotropic Kirchhoff plates, derived by the strain-energy-based homogenization method. The weight efficiency of 2D-lattice plates is evaluated using relationships between their effective rigidities and area weight densities. The proposed design method is developed with these relationships. The closed-form effective rigidities of 2D-lattice plates, derived by the strain-energy-based homogenization method, are utilized as convenient design formulas for the proposed design method. A generic symbolic finite element program, written in MATLAB, is used to determine the closed-form solutions of effective properties that include the effective elastic constants, the effective rigidities, and the relationships between the effective rigidities and the area weight densities of 2D-lattice plates. Example design graphs, created by the obtained closed-form solutions, for 2D-lattice plates with different unit cells are presented and discussed. In addition, the usefulness of the obtained weight efficiency is also demonstrated via analysis of 2D-lattice plates with different unit-cell patterns.
{"title":"Design of 2D-Lattice Plates by Weight Efficiency","authors":"Pana Suttakul, Ekachai Chaichanasiri, P. Nanakorn","doi":"10.4186/ej.2021.25.11.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.11.13","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a method to design 2D-lattice plates, based on their weight efficiency, is proposed. The 2D-lattice plates considered in this study are made up of Euler-Bernoulli beams and can be modeled as homogeneous orthotropic Kirchhoff plates, derived by the strain-energy-based homogenization method. The weight efficiency of 2D-lattice plates is evaluated using relationships between their effective rigidities and area weight densities. The proposed design method is developed with these relationships. The closed-form effective rigidities of 2D-lattice plates, derived by the strain-energy-based homogenization method, are utilized as convenient design formulas for the proposed design method. A generic symbolic finite element program, written in MATLAB, is used to determine the closed-form solutions of effective properties that include the effective elastic constants, the effective rigidities, and the relationships between the effective rigidities and the area weight densities of 2D-lattice plates. Example design graphs, created by the obtained closed-form solutions, for 2D-lattice plates with different unit cells are presented and discussed. In addition, the usefulness of the obtained weight efficiency is also demonstrated via analysis of 2D-lattice plates with different unit-cell patterns.","PeriodicalId":32885,"journal":{"name":"AlKhawarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74072022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.4186/ej.2021.25.11.33
Issada Manohorratad, A. Senjuntichai
This study proposes alternative caprylic acid precipitation and centrifugal separation for the equine rabies Immunoglobulin manufacturing process. The objective is to determine the optimal setting associated with the centrifugal machine and the optimal amount of caprylic acid for the maximum process yield (%). The experiments were designed based on the central composite design and performed to analyze the relationship of three factors which are the caprylic acid (1%-5%V/V), the rotation speed (7,500-12,500 rpm), and centrifugal time (20-40 min) on the yield of the process. For the first time, the prediction model as a second-degree polynomial regression is presented and developed by a response surface method (RSM) with R2 approximately 51%. RSM model also reveals that the process yield is affected by the concentration of caprylic acid and the amount of time to centrifuge the precipitated plasma but not by the rotation speed of the centrifugal machine. With the predicted process yield of about 12.97%, the optimal setting by RSM suggests the concentration of caprylic acid at 2.82% and the centrifugal time at 28 minutes.
{"title":"A Study on the Single Caprylic Acid Fractionation and Centrifugal Separation of Equine Rabies Immunoglobulin","authors":"Issada Manohorratad, A. Senjuntichai","doi":"10.4186/ej.2021.25.11.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.11.33","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes alternative caprylic acid precipitation and centrifugal separation for the equine rabies Immunoglobulin manufacturing process. The objective is to determine the optimal setting associated with the centrifugal machine and the optimal amount of caprylic acid for the maximum process yield (%). The experiments were designed based on the central composite design and performed to analyze the relationship of three factors which are the caprylic acid (1%-5%V/V), the rotation speed (7,500-12,500 rpm), and centrifugal time (20-40 min) on the yield of the process. For the first time, the prediction model as a second-degree polynomial regression is presented and developed by a response surface method (RSM) with R2 approximately 51%. RSM model also reveals that the process yield is affected by the concentration of caprylic acid and the amount of time to centrifuge the precipitated plasma but not by the rotation speed of the centrifugal machine. With the predicted process yield of about 12.97%, the optimal setting by RSM suggests the concentration of caprylic acid at 2.82% and the centrifugal time at 28 minutes.","PeriodicalId":32885,"journal":{"name":"AlKhawarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90619688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.4186/ej.2021.25.10.115
Nitchakul Hongloi, P. Prapainainar, Tanapong Muadmai, Jade Namboonlue, A. Seubsai, Chaiwat Prapainainar
{"title":"Green Diesel Production from Oleic Acid Deoxygenation Using Subcritical Water under Hydrogen-Free Condition","authors":"Nitchakul Hongloi, P. Prapainainar, Tanapong Muadmai, Jade Namboonlue, A. Seubsai, Chaiwat Prapainainar","doi":"10.4186/ej.2021.25.10.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.10.115","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32885,"journal":{"name":"AlKhawarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"246 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79718759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.4186/ej.2021.25.10.13
R. Sukkarak, Bordin Thangjaroensuk, W. Kongkitkul, P. Jongpradist
{"title":"Strength and Equivalent Modulus of Cement Stabilized Lateritic with Partial Replacement by Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash","authors":"R. Sukkarak, Bordin Thangjaroensuk, W. Kongkitkul, P. Jongpradist","doi":"10.4186/ej.2021.25.10.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.10.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32885,"journal":{"name":"AlKhawarizmi Engineering Journal","volume":"326 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80374762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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