Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common chronic articular disease, and its prevalence has doubled since the mid-20th century. It affects 16% of the adult population over 50 years of age in the post-industrial era [1]. Obesity is one of the only modifiable risk factors for both incidence and progression of Osteoarthritis (OA).[2] Although OA was previously regarded as a disease of the elderly, its development starts much earlier than originally thought, and OA is ranked among the top 20 diseases in the 40–45 years age group [3]. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the outcomes of knee replacement surgery following up physical therapy, versus intra-articular steroid injections for obese patients (BMI >30) The study design employed in this review is narrative, and articles published after 2010 from PubMed were considered for inclusion. The review examines the impact of each intervention on the complete regain of knee function in this specific population. Through the analysis of relevant studies, this review seeks to inform clinical decision-making and guide the management of obese patients with knee osteoarthritis. Conclusion. Based on the reviewed literature, knee replacement surgery appears to offer a better chance of achieving complete regain of knee function in obese patients (BMI >30) undergoing physical therapy compared to intra-articular steroid injections. However, the findings are limited by the availability of studies and the heterogeneity in the research methodologies.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Knee Replacement Surgery who follow up by Physical Therapy and Intra-articular Steroid Injections for Obese Patients.","authors":"Eugerta Avdulaj","doi":"10.32391/ajtes.v7i2.346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32391/ajtes.v7i2.346","url":null,"abstract":"Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common chronic articular disease, and its prevalence has doubled since the mid-20th century. It affects 16% of the adult population over 50 years of age in the post-industrial era [1]. \u0000Obesity is one of the only modifiable risk factors for both incidence and progression of Osteoarthritis (OA).[2] \u0000Although OA was previously regarded as a disease of the elderly, its development starts much earlier than originally thought, and OA is ranked among the top 20 diseases in the 40–45 years age group [3]. \u0000This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the outcomes of knee replacement surgery following up physical therapy, versus intra-articular steroid injections for obese patients (BMI >30) \u0000The study design employed in this review is narrative, and articles published after 2010 from PubMed were considered for inclusion. The review examines the impact of each intervention on the complete regain of knee function in this specific population. \u0000Through the analysis of relevant studies, this review seeks to inform clinical decision-making and guide the management of obese patients with knee osteoarthritis. \u0000Conclusion. \u0000Based on the reviewed literature, knee replacement surgery appears to offer a better chance of achieving complete regain of knee function in obese patients (BMI >30) undergoing physical therapy compared to intra-articular steroid injections. However, the findings are limited by the availability of studies and the heterogeneity in the research methodologies. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":32905,"journal":{"name":"Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42726305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: In recent years, minimally invasive techniques with less tissue excision, rather than surgical treatments including wide tissue excisions, are preferred in the surgical treatment of pilonidal sinus. Crystallized phenol treatment is a widely used minimally invasive method. The aim of this study is to examine the results of applying crystallized phenol in a two-stage manner. Material and Methods: In this study, demographic information, pilonidal sinus characteristics, and results of crystallized phenol treatment of primary pilonidal sinus patients treated with crystallized phenol at Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital General Surgery Clinic between January 2016 and July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The average age of 185 patients who underwent phenol treatment for pilonidal sinus was 26.75±6.21 years. 53.2% of the patients were ≤25 years old. 80.5% of the patients were male. 65.0% of all patients had a BMI <30 kg/m2. The follow-up period for patients was 31 months (min 6, max 60). The patients had 1-3 pits. In the final evaluation of patients who received crystallized phenol treatment twice, abscesses developed in 3 patients (1.6%) and recurrences occurred in 8 patients (4.3%). A statistically significant relationship was found between age and recurrence (p=0.027) and between BMI and recurrence (p=0.003). The incidence of recurrence increased significantly as the number of pits increased (p<0.001). Conclusions: In our study, we did not encounter any serious complications with the application of crystallized phenol in two stages. We observed that our patients returned to their routine lives painlessly in the early period and that our recurrence rates were low. Based on our findings, we can say that the application of crystallized phenol as a minimal invasive procedure is still a safe and valid method for the treatment of pilonidal sinus.
{"title":"Staged Crystalized Phenol Treatment in Pilonidal Disease: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"İ. Güler, Ş. Balas, H. Karabacak","doi":"10.32391/ajtes.v7i2.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32391/ajtes.v7i2.329","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In recent years, minimally invasive techniques with less tissue excision, rather than surgical treatments including wide tissue excisions, are preferred in the surgical treatment of pilonidal sinus. Crystallized phenol treatment is a widely used minimally invasive method. The aim of this study is to examine the results of applying crystallized phenol in a two-stage manner. \u0000Material and Methods: In this study, demographic information, pilonidal sinus characteristics, and results of crystallized phenol treatment of primary pilonidal sinus patients treated with crystallized phenol at Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital General Surgery Clinic between January 2016 and July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. \u0000Results: The average age of 185 patients who underwent phenol treatment for pilonidal sinus was 26.75±6.21 years. 53.2% of the patients were ≤25 years old. 80.5% of the patients were male. 65.0% of all patients had a BMI <30 kg/m2. The follow-up period for patients was 31 months (min 6, max 60). The patients had 1-3 pits. In the final evaluation of patients who received crystallized phenol treatment twice, abscesses developed in 3 patients (1.6%) and recurrences occurred in 8 patients (4.3%). A statistically significant relationship was found between age and recurrence (p=0.027) and between BMI and recurrence (p=0.003). The incidence of recurrence increased significantly as the number of pits increased (p<0.001). \u0000Conclusions: In our study, we did not encounter any serious complications with the application of crystallized phenol in two stages. We observed that our patients returned to their routine lives painlessly in the early period and that our recurrence rates were low. Based on our findings, we can say that the application of crystallized phenol as a minimal invasive procedure is still a safe and valid method for the treatment of pilonidal sinus.","PeriodicalId":32905,"journal":{"name":"Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44429154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Skenduli, A. Mezini, F. Caushi, Arben Tanka, Laert Gjati
Background: Chylothorax is a pathological condition associated with a high mortality and morbidity rate. The first observation of chylothorax associated with thoracic vertebral injury was documented by Krabbell in 1885. Since then, several cases have been described in the literature. Non traumatic chylothorax several years after spine surgery is a rare condition. We described a case of a patient who sustained a thoracic spine fracture-dislocation and presented with a right sided chylothorax as a late complication to his thoracic spine trauma. A right thoracentesis was performed, providing partial relief of respiratory symptoms. The collected fluid was sent to the laboratory for further examination. Biochemical analysis of the milky pleural fluid confirmed the suspicion of chylothorax, with elevated levels of triglycerides and lymphocytes. These findings supported the diagnosis of chylothorax. Conclusion: Non-traumatic chylothorax occurring several years after spine surgery is a rare condition, and there is limited literature available on this particular pathology. The diagnosis can be simplified through laboratory examination of the milky fluid. Conservative treatment is typically the approach of choice in the majority of cases, involving total parenteral nutrition and the insertion of a chest tube into the chest cavity, followed by chemical pleurodesis.
{"title":"Chylothorax Management Four Years Post Spine Surgery: A Successful Conservative Treatment","authors":"I. Skenduli, A. Mezini, F. Caushi, Arben Tanka, Laert Gjati","doi":"10.32391/ajtes.v7i2.342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32391/ajtes.v7i2.342","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chylothorax is a pathological condition associated with a high mortality and morbidity rate. The first observation of chylothorax associated with thoracic vertebral injury was documented by Krabbell in 1885. Since then, several cases have been described in the literature. \u0000Non traumatic chylothorax several years after spine surgery is a rare condition. We described a case of a patient who sustained a thoracic spine fracture-dislocation and presented with a right sided chylothorax as a late complication to his thoracic spine trauma. A right thoracentesis was performed, providing partial relief of respiratory symptoms. The collected fluid was sent to the laboratory for further examination. Biochemical analysis of the milky pleural fluid confirmed the suspicion of chylothorax, with elevated levels of triglycerides and lymphocytes. These findings supported the diagnosis of chylothorax. \u0000Conclusion: Non-traumatic chylothorax occurring several years after spine surgery is a rare condition, and there is limited literature available on this particular pathology. The diagnosis can be simplified through laboratory examination of the milky fluid. Conservative treatment is typically the approach of choice in the majority of cases, involving total parenteral nutrition and the insertion of a chest tube into the chest cavity, followed by chemical pleurodesis.","PeriodicalId":32905,"journal":{"name":"Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45111117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Krasteva, Vanya Nikolaeva Anastasova, E. Zunzov, Petar Kiskinov
Background Treatment of patients with post-traumatic severe and chronic wounds poses many challenges. A large number of dermal analogs have been invented in an effort to overcome these challenges. Matriderm, a biosynthetic dermal analog, is made from bovine collagen and elastin. The aim of our study was to prove the effectiveness of MatriDerm® combined with skin grafting versus skin grafting alone in these difficult-to-heal wounds. Material and Methods: Twenty-two patients with post-traumatic defects with bone exposure and chronic wounds treated in the Clinic of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery of the University Hospital “St. George” were included in this prospective study. The mean age of the patients was 58 years. The patients were divided into two groups: the experimental and the control group. The patients in the experimental group received a Matriderm appliance and a split-thickness skin graft, while those in the control group received only a split-thickness skin graft. All patients gave their informed consent to participate in the study. Results: The hospitalization period in the experimental group was 3 weeks and 5 days and in the control group 8 weeks. The period of complete healing was shorter in the experimental group patients (5 weeks) compared with control group patients (9 weeks) with a difference reaching statistical significance (P<0.05). Matriderm enables effective healing and improves elasticity in the treatment of patients with post-traumatic severe and chronic wounds. Conclusions: With our study, we confirm the evidence of the clinical use of MatriDerm® technology in the healing of soft tissue wounds and prove the effectiveness of combining MatriDerm® and skin grafting for the first time. Moreover, we observed a reduction in wound contraction and an improvement in elasticity, quality of scar tissue, and dermal architecture.
{"title":"The Application of MatriDerm in Soft Tissue Defects with Bone Exposure","authors":"E. Krasteva, Vanya Nikolaeva Anastasova, E. Zunzov, Petar Kiskinov","doi":"10.32391/ajtes.v7i2.335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32391/ajtes.v7i2.335","url":null,"abstract":"Background Treatment of patients with post-traumatic severe and chronic wounds poses many challenges. A large number of dermal analogs have been invented in an effort to overcome these challenges. Matriderm, a biosynthetic dermal analog, is made from bovine collagen and elastin. The aim of our study was to prove the effectiveness of MatriDerm® combined with skin grafting versus skin grafting alone in these difficult-to-heal wounds. \u0000Material and Methods: Twenty-two patients with post-traumatic defects with bone exposure and chronic wounds treated in the Clinic of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery of the University Hospital “St. George” were included in this prospective study. The mean age of the patients was 58 years. The patients were divided into two groups: the experimental and the control group. The patients in the experimental group received a Matriderm appliance and a split-thickness skin graft, while those in the control group received only a split-thickness skin graft. All patients gave their informed consent to participate in the study. \u0000Results: The hospitalization period in the experimental group was 3 weeks and 5 days and in the control group 8 weeks. The period of complete healing was shorter in the experimental group patients (5 weeks) compared with control group patients (9 weeks) with a difference reaching statistical significance (P<0.05). Matriderm enables effective healing and improves elasticity in the treatment of patients with post-traumatic severe and chronic wounds. \u0000Conclusions: With our study, we confirm the evidence of the clinical use of MatriDerm® technology in the healing of soft tissue wounds and prove the effectiveness of combining MatriDerm® and skin grafting for the first time. Moreover, we observed a reduction in wound contraction and an improvement in elasticity, quality of scar tissue, and dermal architecture.","PeriodicalId":32905,"journal":{"name":"Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49077470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Bushati, L. Berdica, Albina Ndoja, Erion Sukaj, I. Ibrushi, Leon Kaza
Background: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an indolent angio-proliferative tumor proliferation with spindle cells originating from endothelial and immune cells infected with human herpes virus type 8. (HHV-8: also known as Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus [KSHV]). HHV-8 was identified as the causative agent of KS. This virus is present in 95-98% of cases with KS. Kaposi's sarcoma was first described by a Hungarian dermatologist 1872 named Moritz Kaposi.[1] The lesions are characterized by the proliferation of spindle cells of endothelial origin, which present different degrees of abnormal vascularization, inflammatory infiltrates, and fibrosis. Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) is a malignancy that generally affects the skin, and can be systemic with internal organ involvement. It originates from the vascular endothelium. KS's relationship with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is well known. In this article, we will present a 73-year-old male patient with 3 purple scrotal lesions up to 0.5 cm in size. Conclusion; Kaposi's sarcoma of the scrotum in a negative patient is a rare pathology. However, in cases of scrotal lesions that last over time, a differential diagnosis should be made and Kaposi's sarcoma should be taken into consideration. Also, a screening for other accompanying lesions, especially a detailed examination of the gastrointestinal tract is important in cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma of the scrotum.
{"title":"Scrotal Kaposi's Sarcoma in HIV-negative Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"T. Bushati, L. Berdica, Albina Ndoja, Erion Sukaj, I. Ibrushi, Leon Kaza","doi":"10.32391/ajtes.v7i2.260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32391/ajtes.v7i2.260","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an indolent angio-proliferative tumor proliferation with spindle cells originating from endothelial and immune cells infected with human herpes virus type 8. (HHV-8: also known as Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus [KSHV]). HHV-8 was identified as the causative agent of KS. This virus is present in 95-98% of cases with KS. Kaposi's sarcoma was first described by a Hungarian dermatologist 1872 named Moritz Kaposi.[1] \u0000The lesions are characterized by the proliferation of spindle cells of endothelial origin, which present different degrees of abnormal vascularization, inflammatory infiltrates, and fibrosis. Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) is a malignancy that generally affects the skin, and can be systemic with internal organ involvement. It originates from the vascular endothelium. KS's relationship with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is well known. \u0000In this article, we will present a 73-year-old male patient with 3 purple scrotal lesions up to 0.5 cm in size. \u0000Conclusion; Kaposi's sarcoma of the scrotum in a negative patient is a rare pathology. However, in cases of scrotal lesions that last over time, a differential diagnosis should be made and Kaposi's sarcoma should be taken into consideration. Also, a screening for other accompanying lesions, especially a detailed examination of the gastrointestinal tract is important in cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma of the scrotum.","PeriodicalId":32905,"journal":{"name":"Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45309493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Patil, Anil Reddy, Mohd Shafiuddin, A. Aziz, H. M. Abhijith
A ventral hernia is a protrusion of the abdominal viscus through the anterior abdominal wall occurring at any site other than the inguinal and femoral areas and is a common problem encountered by surgeons. Aims & Objective: Due to the lack of prospective cohorts to determine the natural history of untreated ventral hernias, most surgeons recommend that these hernias be repaired as soon as they are discovered. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of ventral hernias occurring in both sexes, various age groups, various risk factors, and complications, as well as their clinical presentations and treatment. Material and Methods: During the period August 2020 to August 2021 (12 months), a prospective study was conducted at our tertiary care hospital. The study included 50 cases of anterior abdominal hernias excluding groin hernias and posterior abdominal wall hernias. A detailed history and a thorough clinical examination were used to collect data. In the proforma, data was entered, tabulated, and analyzed using statistical software (SPSS 2015). Results: Ventral hernias accounted for 5% of surgical admissions. Among the ventral hernias, para umbilical hernias were the most prevalent (48%). An infra umbilical midline herniation accounted for 36% of cases, followed by an umbilical region herniation in 18% of cases. Constipation and obesity were found to be the major risk factors. Most defects are small (>2cm). 48% of inlay mesh repairs were made. Conclusion: 50 cases of ventral hernias were studied in the present study, which was conducted in our tertiary care hospital. Five percent of all admissions to the surgical ward were due to ventral hernias. The females to males ratio was 1:17, and the mean age was 41. The mean total duration for surgery in sublay group was 75.4±9.23 minutes compared to 63.7±10.58 minutes in onlay group, which was statistically significant (p<0.05).
{"title":"Ventral Hernias in Kalyana Karnataka Teaching Hospital: A Prospective Study.","authors":"S. Patil, Anil Reddy, Mohd Shafiuddin, A. Aziz, H. M. Abhijith","doi":"10.32391/ajtes.v7i2.339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32391/ajtes.v7i2.339","url":null,"abstract":"A ventral hernia is a protrusion of the abdominal viscus through the anterior abdominal wall occurring at any site other than the inguinal and femoral areas and is a common problem encountered by surgeons. \u0000Aims & Objective: Due to the lack of prospective cohorts to determine the natural history of untreated ventral hernias, most surgeons recommend that these hernias be repaired as soon as they are discovered. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of ventral hernias occurring in both sexes, various age groups, various risk factors, and complications, as well as their clinical presentations and treatment. \u0000Material and Methods: During the period August 2020 to August 2021 (12 months), a prospective study was conducted at our tertiary care hospital. The study included 50 cases of anterior abdominal hernias excluding groin hernias and posterior abdominal wall hernias. A detailed history and a thorough clinical examination were used to collect data. In the proforma, data was entered, tabulated, and analyzed using statistical software (SPSS 2015). \u0000Results: Ventral hernias accounted for 5% of surgical admissions. Among the ventral hernias, para umbilical hernias were the most prevalent (48%). An infra umbilical midline herniation accounted for 36% of cases, followed by an umbilical region herniation in 18% of cases. Constipation and obesity were found to be the major risk factors. Most defects are small (>2cm). 48% of inlay mesh repairs were made. \u0000Conclusion: 50 cases of ventral hernias were studied in the present study, which was conducted in our tertiary care hospital. Five percent of all admissions to the surgical ward were due to ventral hernias. The females to males ratio was 1:17, and the mean age was 41. The mean total duration for surgery in sublay group was 75.4±9.23 minutes compared to 63.7±10.58 minutes in onlay group, which was statistically significant (p<0.05). \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":32905,"journal":{"name":"Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44752089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Bushati, L. Berdica, Jeta Memçaj, I. Laçi, I. Ibrushi
Introduction: Lung cancer, with about 2.2 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths, is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in 2020. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) now is used not only to diagnose and classify lung tumors into subtypes, but also to determine the eligibility of patients for different molecular-targeted therapies. Objectives : Study of ALK, EGFR and PD-L1 mutations in Pulmonary Carcinomas through immunohistochemistry examinations to help determine the prognosis and cases that may benefit from target therapy. Detection of possible links between ALK, EGFR, PD-L1 and other variables such as age, sex, histological entity and degree of tumor differentiation. Materials and Methodology: The study is retrospective and includes 266 patients diagnosed with lung cancer who underwent biopsy at the American Hospital in the period 2016-2020. Tissues obtained were subjected to IHC examination using antibodies against factors EGFR, ALK, PD-L1, etc. Results: The study showed that out of 266 patients, 24% of lung cancer cases are females and 76% are males. The average age was 61.8 years. No statistically significant relationship was found between ALK, PD-L1 and EGFR with variables such as age, gender and degree of differentiation of adenocarcinomas. No significant link was found between ALK and PD-L1 and the histological entity, but a significant link was found between EGFR and histological type of pulmonary carcinomas. Conclusions : Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers, found mainly in men, but also in women. Nowadays, IHC helps not only to diagnose lung cancer, but also to determine patients who can respond to target therapy and their prognosis. Therefore, the use of IHC to detect ALK, EGFR, PDL-1 mutations and their links to patient characteristics is becoming increasingly necessary.
{"title":"Evaluation of ALK, EGFR and PD-L1 Mutations in Pulmonary Carcinomas through Immunohistochemistry","authors":"T. Bushati, L. Berdica, Jeta Memçaj, I. Laçi, I. Ibrushi","doi":"10.32391/ajtes.v7i2.292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32391/ajtes.v7i2.292","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Lung cancer, with about 2.2 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths, is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in 2020. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) now is used not only to diagnose and classify lung tumors into subtypes, but also to determine the eligibility of patients for different molecular-targeted therapies. \u0000Objectives : Study of ALK, EGFR and PD-L1 mutations in Pulmonary Carcinomas through immunohistochemistry examinations to help determine the prognosis and cases that may benefit from target therapy. Detection of possible links between ALK, EGFR, PD-L1 and other variables such as age, sex, histological entity and degree of tumor differentiation. \u0000Materials and Methodology: The study is retrospective and includes 266 patients diagnosed with lung cancer who underwent biopsy at the American Hospital in the period 2016-2020. Tissues obtained were subjected to IHC examination using antibodies against factors EGFR, ALK, PD-L1, etc. \u0000Results: The study showed that out of 266 patients, 24% of lung cancer cases are females and 76% are males. The average age was 61.8 years. No statistically significant relationship was found between ALK, PD-L1 and EGFR with variables such as age, gender and degree of differentiation of adenocarcinomas. No significant link was found between ALK and PD-L1 and the histological entity, but a significant link was found between EGFR and histological type of pulmonary carcinomas. \u0000Conclusions : Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers, found mainly in men, but also in women. Nowadays, IHC helps not only to diagnose lung cancer, but also to determine patients who can respond to target therapy and their prognosis. Therefore, the use of IHC to detect ALK, EGFR, PDL-1 mutations and their links to patient characteristics is becoming increasingly necessary.","PeriodicalId":32905,"journal":{"name":"Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49094448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Dettmer, K. Degiannis, Myriam Braun-Münker, D. Doll, M. Maak
Introduction: In the last two centuries, many theories have been proposed to explain the origin of pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) – congenital and acquired. Materials and Methods: A PubMed literature review was conducted and looked at different proposed theories on the origin of PSD; this overview was then compared to research results from more recent studies. Results: Initially it was postulated, that PSD was of embryonic origin. This however changed during World War II as more 78.000 American soldiers were diagnosed and treated for PSD. Thereafter, the perception of the origin of PSD changed to an acquired one. New data has shown that short hair fragments, which have fallen from the scalp may be the origin of PSD – therefore disproving the theory of folliculitis and fatty gland obstruction. Conclusion: These new findings may explain why recurrences/new diseases occur within follicle-free areas – such as scars and without any preceding infection. This may aid in the prevention of PSD.
{"title":"The Origin of Pilonidal Sinus Disease – 10 wrong Theories and one Recent Discovery","authors":"M. Dettmer, K. Degiannis, Myriam Braun-Münker, D. Doll, M. Maak","doi":"10.32391/ajtes.v7i2.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32391/ajtes.v7i2.337","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In the last two centuries, many theories have been proposed to explain the origin of pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) – congenital and acquired. \u0000Materials and Methods: A PubMed literature review was conducted and looked at different proposed theories on the origin of PSD; this overview was then compared to research results from more recent studies. \u0000Results: Initially it was postulated, that PSD was of embryonic origin. This however changed during World War II as more 78.000 American soldiers were diagnosed and treated for PSD. Thereafter, the perception of the origin of PSD changed to an acquired one. New data has shown that short hair fragments, which have fallen from the scalp may be the origin of PSD – therefore disproving the theory of folliculitis and fatty gland obstruction. \u0000Conclusion: These new findings may explain why recurrences/new diseases occur within follicle-free areas – such as scars and without any preceding infection. This may aid in the prevention of PSD. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":32905,"journal":{"name":"Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41899098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Although stoma is a crucial surgical procedure, this operation has a physical and psychosocial impact on the patient, their habits and quality of life, which they should be properly educated on. Objectives: The purpose of the work is to analyze the impact of health care, key factors and problems that affect the final outcome of treatment in patients with a stoma, as well as suggestions and guidelines for improvement. Material and Methods: The results of 10 studies were reviewed including clinical trials, randomized prospective and retrospective studies published between 2011 and 2021. Results: Education of patients, their families, and medical staff is crucial in improving the quality of life of patients with stoma but also in reducing potential complications of stoma, along with stoma marking. It is also necessary to pay special attention to psychosocial problems in patients, as well as stoma problems in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Conclusion: More needs to be invested in educating staff, patients and their families about stoma, and integrating stoma patients into society in order to improve their life quality.
{"title":"Influence of Healthcare on the Outcome of the Treatment of Patients with Stoma.","authors":"Hadžan Konjo, Amina Lučkin, Adna Spahović, Alma Mizdrak, Zineta Mulaosmanović, Tea Mušić","doi":"10.32391/ajtes.v7i2.336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32391/ajtes.v7i2.336","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although stoma is a crucial surgical procedure, this operation has a physical and psychosocial impact on the patient, their habits and quality of life, which they should be properly educated on. \u0000Objectives: The purpose of the work is to analyze the impact of health care, key factors and problems that affect the final outcome of treatment in patients with a stoma, as well as suggestions and guidelines for improvement. \u0000Material and Methods: The results of 10 studies were reviewed including clinical trials, randomized prospective and retrospective studies published between 2011 and 2021. \u0000Results: Education of patients, their families, and medical staff is crucial in improving the quality of life of patients with stoma but also in reducing potential complications of stoma, along with stoma marking. It is also necessary to pay special attention to psychosocial problems in patients, as well as stoma problems in Bosnia and Herzegovina. \u0000Conclusion: More needs to be invested in educating staff, patients and their families about stoma, and integrating stoma patients into society in order to improve their life quality.","PeriodicalId":32905,"journal":{"name":"Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47191042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) course has become an indispensable tool in preparing health care professionals to provide optimal trauma care. This article highlights the impact of the ATLS course on empowering healthcare professionals for excellence in trauma care. By providing a standardized framework, enhancing critical decision-making skills, and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration, the ATLS course equips practitioners with the knowledge and skills necessary to effectively respond to trauma emergencies. Additionally, the course prepares healthcare professionals for the unpredictable nature of trauma care through simulation-based training and fosters a culture of continuous professional growth. Through its emphasis on standardization, critical thinking, and continuing education, the ATLS course plays a vital role in improving patient outcomes and establishing a foundation for excellence in trauma care. Conclusion: The ATLS course stands as a testament to the commitment of healthcare professionals to provide excellent trauma care. It empowers practitioners with the necessary knowledge, skills, and standardized approach to save lives in the critical moments following traumatic events.
{"title":"The ATLS® Course: Empowering Healthcare Professionals for Excellence in Trauma Care.","authors":"A. Dogjani, K. Haxhirexha, A. Gjata, K. Subashi","doi":"10.32391/ajtes.v7i2.350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32391/ajtes.v7i2.350","url":null,"abstract":"The Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) course has become an indispensable tool in preparing health care professionals to provide optimal trauma care. \u0000This article highlights the impact of the ATLS course on empowering healthcare professionals for excellence in trauma care. \u0000By providing a standardized framework, enhancing critical decision-making skills, and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration, the ATLS course equips practitioners with the knowledge and skills necessary to effectively respond to trauma emergencies. Additionally, the course prepares healthcare professionals for the unpredictable nature of trauma care through simulation-based training and fosters a culture of continuous professional growth. \u0000Through its emphasis on standardization, critical thinking, and continuing education, the ATLS course plays a vital role in improving patient outcomes and establishing a foundation for excellence in trauma care. \u0000Conclusion: The ATLS course stands as a testament to the commitment of healthcare professionals to provide excellent trauma care. It empowers practitioners with the necessary knowledge, skills, and standardized approach to save lives in the critical moments following traumatic events.","PeriodicalId":32905,"journal":{"name":"Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44922317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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