Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/47
V. Khoroshevskaya
The article is devoted to the study of vanadium, a metal capable of stimulating the growth of phytoplankton in situ and has the greatest biological activity in dissolved form. The pattern of an increase in the concentration of vanadium dissolved forms in the mixing zones during the transition from river waters to seawaters is known. In this article, we examine the behavior, ratio and change in the concentrations of vanadium dissolved and suspended forms during the passage of geochemical barriers. The estuarine zone of the Razdolnaya River–Amur Bay (Sea of Japan) is considered as "river-sea" mixing zone. Modelling of physicochemical processes was carried out using the Selector-S and MINTEQA2/PRODEFA2 software systems. Ion-associative models of sea and river water were built and the modelling of the process of their mixing was carried out using the Selector-S software package. The sorption process was simulated using the MINTEQA2/PRODEFA2 software package. The results of modelling physicochemical processes occurring at geochemical barriers help to understand the reasons for changes in concentrations, both total vanadium and biologically active dissolved vanadium forms, during the passage of geochemical barriers in the "river-sea" mixing zones. The results showed that there is a change in the dissolved forms of vanadium migration, their transformation and an increase in the concentration of dissolved forms of vanadium at the geochemical barrier
{"title":"CHANGES IN THE VANADIUM MIGRATION FORMS ON GEOCHEMICAL BARRIERS IN THE RIVER-SEA MIXING ZONES","authors":"V. Khoroshevskaya","doi":"10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/47","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of vanadium, a metal capable of stimulating the growth of phytoplankton in situ and has the greatest biological activity in dissolved form. The pattern of an increase in the concentration of vanadium dissolved forms in the mixing zones during the transition from river waters to seawaters is known. In this article, we examine the behavior, ratio and change in the concentrations of vanadium dissolved and suspended forms during the passage of geochemical barriers. The estuarine zone of the Razdolnaya River–Amur Bay (Sea of Japan) is considered as \"river-sea\" mixing zone. Modelling of physicochemical processes was carried out using the Selector-S and MINTEQA2/PRODEFA2 software systems. Ion-associative models of sea and river water were built and the modelling of the process of their mixing was carried out using the Selector-S software package. The sorption process was simulated using the MINTEQA2/PRODEFA2 software package. The results of modelling physicochemical processes occurring at geochemical barriers help to understand the reasons for changes in concentrations, both total vanadium and biologically active dissolved vanadium forms, during the passage of geochemical barriers in the \"river-sea\" mixing zones. The results showed that there is a change in the dissolved forms of vanadium migration, their transformation and an increase in the concentration of dissolved forms of vanadium at the geochemical barrier","PeriodicalId":329177,"journal":{"name":"GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131538929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/25
Suciu Felicia, Arcuș Mariana, A. Cosmin, Bucur Laura, Popescu Antoanela, Badea V. Victoria
"The objective of the study was the histo-anatomical analysis of the root, stem and leaf belonging to the species Lysimachia nummularia L. from the Primulaceae family. The plant is native to Europe, but has been introduced to North America, where it is considered an invasive species in some areas. It aggressively spreads in favourable conditions, such as low wet ground or near ponds. It is moderately difficult to remove by hand pulling. Any tiny piece left behind will regrow. The research results led to the following assessments: root with primary structure and beginning of secondary structure, the presence of calcium oxalate druze in the bark, endoderm and primary type conducting bundles. The results of the study also demonstrated the existence of the stem with four prominent ribs, a meatic-type bark with small secretory channels and a central cylinder with a secondary structure. Another element studied from a histo-anatomical point of view; leaf with dorsi-ventral bifacial structure, with heterogeneous asymmetrical structure, collateral free-woody bundle, without periectors. From the morpho-anatomical data described, it can be concluded that the species Lysimachia nummularia L. belongs to the family Primulaceae and is related to other species of the genus Lysimachia."
{"title":"STUDIES ON THE MORPHO-ANATOMICAL PARTICULARITIES OF LYSIMACHIA NUMMULARIA L.","authors":"Suciu Felicia, Arcuș Mariana, A. Cosmin, Bucur Laura, Popescu Antoanela, Badea V. Victoria","doi":"10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/25","url":null,"abstract":"\"The objective of the study was the histo-anatomical analysis of the root, stem and leaf belonging to the species Lysimachia nummularia L. from the Primulaceae family. The plant is native to Europe, but has been introduced to North America, where it is considered an invasive species in some areas. It aggressively spreads in favourable conditions, such as low wet ground or near ponds. It is moderately difficult to remove by hand pulling. Any tiny piece left behind will regrow. The research results led to the following assessments: root with primary structure and beginning of secondary structure, the presence of calcium oxalate druze in the bark, endoderm and primary type conducting bundles. The results of the study also demonstrated the existence of the stem with four prominent ribs, a meatic-type bark with small secretory channels and a central cylinder with a secondary structure. Another element studied from a histo-anatomical point of view; leaf with dorsi-ventral bifacial structure, with heterogeneous asymmetrical structure, collateral free-woody bundle, without periectors. From the morpho-anatomical data described, it can be concluded that the species Lysimachia nummularia L. belongs to the family Primulaceae and is related to other species of the genus Lysimachia.\"","PeriodicalId":329177,"journal":{"name":"GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131887554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/32
K. Toth, P. Mikó, C. Utoiu, M. Gidea, E. Uțoiu, D. Amariei
{"title":"BENEFITS OF REMOTE SENSING, ENVIRONMENTAL DATA AND IOT USAGE IN MANAGING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS","authors":"K. Toth, P. Mikó, C. Utoiu, M. Gidea, E. Uțoiu, D. Amariei","doi":"10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/32","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":329177,"journal":{"name":"GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130745821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/44
Vandana Gupta, Athira R. Nair, S. Pandey
Since the last few decades, environmental remediation through a sustainable approach is gaining importance. One such attempt has been made in the present work to remove heavy metals from industrial effluents using one of the most prominent animal wastes, the chicken feathers. Biosorption has been a promising technique to remove heavy metals from industrial effluents. In the present work, cleaned but untreated chicken feathers were used to remove Cu(II) ions from electroplating industry wastewater. The physicochemical characteristics like colour, pH, ash content, iodine number and bulk density of chicken feathers were also determined. The FT-IR spectrum of chicken feathers did not show a recognizable difference after biosorption which indicated physical adsorption. The adsorption isotherm study showed that the Freundich isotherm model was the best fit as compared to Langmuir isotherm model. The results obtained were supported statistically by using Chi-square test. In the desorption study, EDTA was found to be a most effective desorbing agent in comparison with acid, alkali and deionized water. Thus, the present work explores the efficiency of chicken feathers to act as biosrbent as remove heavy metals from industrial effluents in a simple, economic and sustainable manner
{"title":"A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH FOR TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER USING CHICKEN FEATHERS","authors":"Vandana Gupta, Athira R. Nair, S. Pandey","doi":"10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/44","url":null,"abstract":"Since the last few decades, environmental remediation through a sustainable approach is gaining importance. One such attempt has been made in the present work to remove heavy metals from industrial effluents using one of the most prominent animal wastes, the chicken feathers. Biosorption has been a promising technique to remove heavy metals from industrial effluents. In the present work, cleaned but untreated chicken feathers were used to remove Cu(II) ions from electroplating industry wastewater. The physicochemical characteristics like colour, pH, ash content, iodine number and bulk density of chicken feathers were also determined. The FT-IR spectrum of chicken feathers did not show a recognizable difference after biosorption which indicated physical adsorption. The adsorption isotherm study showed that the Freundich isotherm model was the best fit as compared to Langmuir isotherm model. The results obtained were supported statistically by using Chi-square test. In the desorption study, EDTA was found to be a most effective desorbing agent in comparison with acid, alkali and deionized water. Thus, the present work explores the efficiency of chicken feathers to act as biosrbent as remove heavy metals from industrial effluents in a simple, economic and sustainable manner","PeriodicalId":329177,"journal":{"name":"GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114325141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/02
Zerrouki Alia, R. Lilia, Kara Karima, R. Malika
In view of the challenges facing forest management today (global warming, increased demand for wood energy), taking account of biodiversity in forests is an immediate necessity. The aim of this work is to estimate the biodiversity of the Chettaba forest by studying these structural elements which provide indirect information on the state of biological diversity and aims to provide the first elements of an answer for the construction of a potential biodiversity index (PBI). This diagnostic tool is based on the scoring of a set of ten factors, seven of which are dependent on recent forest management and three independent of it. A score from 0 to 5 is assigned to each factor. The results show that the potential forest biodiversity is average in the Chettaba massif. The average or rather low values of the criteria in the investigated forest often depend on climate, soil and human actions.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS OF POTENTIAL BIODIVERSITY IN THE CHETTABA FOREST (ALGERIA)","authors":"Zerrouki Alia, R. Lilia, Kara Karima, R. Malika","doi":"10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/02","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the challenges facing forest management today (global warming, increased demand for wood energy), taking account of biodiversity in forests is an immediate necessity. The aim of this work is to estimate the biodiversity of the Chettaba forest by studying these structural elements which provide indirect information on the state of biological diversity and aims to provide the first elements of an answer for the construction of a potential biodiversity index (PBI). This diagnostic tool is based on the scoring of a set of ten factors, seven of which are dependent on recent forest management and three independent of it. A score from 0 to 5 is assigned to each factor. The results show that the potential forest biodiversity is average in the Chettaba massif. The average or rather low values of the criteria in the investigated forest often depend on climate, soil and human actions.","PeriodicalId":329177,"journal":{"name":"GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings","volume":"76 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120896969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/13
N. Blebea, S. Negreș
Cannabidiol (CBD) is an alkaloid present in Cannabis sativa, together with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and more than 120 other substances belonging to a group of compounds named cannabinoids. Due to the continuous increased usage of CBD oils, it became necessary to be developed efficient methods for the identification of its compounds and especially for the characterization of the cannabinoids from the commercial specimens. Cannabinoids may be detected by many and different analytical methods, including immunoassays (EMIT®, Elisa, fluorescent polarization, radioimmunotest), techniques of flat chromatography: classic thin layer chromatography (TLC), optimum performance laminar chromatography (OPLC) and multiple development automatization (AMD), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Ultraviolet signal (UV) is used for the quantification of major cannabinoids and the mass spectrometer is used for the quantification of minor cannabinoids. The purpose of this study was to compare the performances of TLC, Ultra High-Performance Liquid chromatography with Photodiode Array Detection (UHPLC with PDA) and LC-MS/ MS technique for the qualitative and quantitative determination of cannabinoids in 3 commercial oils with CBD. Having in view that CBD may be found in many forms of oils, on the legal market of the internet, we believe that the development of a method for the qualitative and quantitative determination may be an interesting subject for the pharmaceutical professional persons.
大麻二酚(CBD)是一种存在于大麻中的生物碱，与四氢大麻酚(THC)和120多种其他物质属于一组名为大麻素的化合物。由于CBD油的使用不断增加，有必要开发有效的方法来鉴定其化合物，特别是对商业标本中的大麻素进行表征。大麻素可以通过许多不同的分析方法检测，包括免疫测定(EMIT®，Elisa，荧光偏振，放射免疫试验)，平面色谱技术:经典薄层色谱(TLC)，最优性能层流色谱(OPLC)和多重开发自动化(AMD)，气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)，高效液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-MS)。紫外信号(UV)用于主要大麻素的定量，质谱仪用于次要大麻素的定量。本研究的目的是比较薄层色谱(TLC)、光电二极管阵列超高效液相色谱(UHPLC with PDA)和LC-MS/ MS技术在含CBD的3种商品油中大麻素的定性和定量测定中的性能。鉴于大麻二酚可能存在于多种形式的油中，在互联网的合法市场上，我们认为开发一种定性和定量测定方法可能是制药专业人士感兴趣的课题。
{"title":"METHODS FOR QUANTIFICATION OF THE MAIN CANNABINOIDS IN CBD OIL","authors":"N. Blebea, S. Negreș","doi":"10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/13","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabidiol (CBD) is an alkaloid present in Cannabis sativa, together with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and more than 120 other substances belonging to a group of compounds named cannabinoids. Due to the continuous increased usage of CBD oils, it became necessary to be developed efficient methods for the identification of its compounds and especially for the characterization of the cannabinoids from the commercial specimens. Cannabinoids may be detected by many and different analytical methods, including immunoassays (EMIT®, Elisa, fluorescent polarization, radioimmunotest), techniques of flat chromatography: classic thin layer chromatography (TLC), optimum performance laminar chromatography (OPLC) and multiple development automatization (AMD), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Ultraviolet signal (UV) is used for the quantification of major cannabinoids and the mass spectrometer is used for the quantification of minor cannabinoids. The purpose of this study was to compare the performances of TLC, Ultra High-Performance Liquid chromatography with Photodiode Array Detection (UHPLC with PDA) and LC-MS/ MS technique for the qualitative and quantitative determination of cannabinoids in 3 commercial oils with CBD. Having in view that CBD may be found in many forms of oils, on the legal market of the internet, we believe that the development of a method for the qualitative and quantitative determination may be an interesting subject for the pharmaceutical professional persons.","PeriodicalId":329177,"journal":{"name":"GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121454156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/18
Patrik Kaščák, L. Knapčíková
Growth in the production of industrial, agricultural and municipal waste is among growing global problems and it has recently reached very worrying levels. Solid waste arising from human activities significantly contributes to environmental pollution. The effort of the whole society is therefore its ecological, energy and economic recovery Hence, one of the possible uses is the incorporation of solid waste into geopolymer composites which are considered to be green material when compared to conventional Portland concrete. Geopolymers are nowadays referred to as green materials of the future and they consist of aluminosilicates activated by alkaline elements. Municipal solid waste can be used as an aggregate, precursor, filler, reinforcement which can have a positive impact on mechanical, physical or chemical properties of geopolymers. Geopolymer composites containing municipal waste have potential of application in the areas of concrete, noise and refractory materials, catalyst, adsorbent and many others. The present paper is an overview of scientific studies and research focused on the recycling and recovery of solid municipal waste in geopolymer composites together with the impact on the change of properties and their possible use.
{"title":"POSSIBILITIES OF MUNICIPAL WASTE RECOVERY IN GEOPOLYMERS: A STUDY","authors":"Patrik Kaščák, L. Knapčíková","doi":"10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/18","url":null,"abstract":"Growth in the production of industrial, agricultural and municipal waste is among growing global problems and it has recently reached very worrying levels. Solid waste arising from human activities significantly contributes to environmental pollution. The effort of the whole society is therefore its ecological, energy and economic recovery Hence, one of the possible uses is the incorporation of solid waste into geopolymer composites which are considered to be green material when compared to conventional Portland concrete. Geopolymers are nowadays referred to as green materials of the future and they consist of aluminosilicates activated by alkaline elements. Municipal solid waste can be used as an aggregate, precursor, filler, reinforcement which can have a positive impact on mechanical, physical or chemical properties of geopolymers. Geopolymer composites containing municipal waste have potential of application in the areas of concrete, noise and refractory materials, catalyst, adsorbent and many others. The present paper is an overview of scientific studies and research focused on the recycling and recovery of solid municipal waste in geopolymer composites together with the impact on the change of properties and their possible use.","PeriodicalId":329177,"journal":{"name":"GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116341124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/04
E. Shirkova, E. Shirkov
"The article presents an overview of the technical, economic, and environmental arguments in favour of wider use of the gigantic energy potential of sea tides to solve the most important climate problem today – the reduction of anthropogenic pollution of the Earth's atmosphere with carbon dioxide. The main idea of the considered solution is the replacement of carbon fuels for thermal power plants and transport with ""green"" hydrogen. The production of such hydrogen is carried out by electrolysis using the energy of carbon–free renewable sources. Tidal hydroelectric power plants are the cheapest, largest and most economically safe electricity supplier for the production of green hydrogen today. Until now, this direction of the energy sector has not become widespread due to the high capital intensity, as well as due to the geographic remoteness of the places where tidal energy is concentrated from large centres of electricity consumption. The explosive growth in global hydrogen demand in recent years alleviates the problem of very expensive transport and large losses in long distance transmission of electricity. Hydrogen can be transported without loss and relatively cheaply by pipelines and sea tankers over unlimited distances. The use of the energy of the highest tides and flow in the Pacific Ocean for the production of ""green"" hydrogen is proposed in the revived project of construction of the world's largest Penzhinsk Tidal Hydroelectric Power Plant (the Sea of Okhotsk’ north–east, Russia)."
{"title":"THE ENERGY OF SEA TIDES IN THE CONTEXT OF SOLVING CLIMATE PROBLEMS","authors":"E. Shirkova, E. Shirkov","doi":"10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/04","url":null,"abstract":"\"The article presents an overview of the technical, economic, and environmental arguments in favour of wider use of the gigantic energy potential of sea tides to solve the most important climate problem today – the reduction of anthropogenic pollution of the Earth's atmosphere with carbon dioxide. The main idea of the considered solution is the replacement of carbon fuels for thermal power plants and transport with \"\"green\"\" hydrogen. The production of such hydrogen is carried out by electrolysis using the energy of carbon–free renewable sources. Tidal hydroelectric power plants are the cheapest, largest and most economically safe electricity supplier for the production of green hydrogen today. Until now, this direction of the energy sector has not become widespread due to the high capital intensity, as well as due to the geographic remoteness of the places where tidal energy is concentrated from large centres of electricity consumption. The explosive growth in global hydrogen demand in recent years alleviates the problem of very expensive transport and large losses in long distance transmission of electricity. Hydrogen can be transported without loss and relatively cheaply by pipelines and sea tankers over unlimited distances. The use of the energy of the highest tides and flow in the Pacific Ocean for the production of \"\"green\"\" hydrogen is proposed in the revived project of construction of the world's largest Penzhinsk Tidal Hydroelectric Power Plant (the Sea of Okhotsk’ north–east, Russia).\"","PeriodicalId":329177,"journal":{"name":"GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121922549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/22
H. Al-Khalaifah, M. Al-Otaibi, A. Al-Ateeqi
With the onset of the coronavirus pandemic in December 2019 in China, and the alarming rate at which it has spread across the world has unleashed not only fear, but has taken a toll on social, economic, health, and governing capabilities of the various countries infected with the virus. The pandemic is affecting all aspects of life, including industries such as the animal production industry all over the world. This includes plant, livestock and poultry production. Food security is accordingly impacted, as these industries are vital elements that are contributing to securing food to populations worldwide. In this review, light is shed on the origin of coronaviruses with special emphasis on COVID-19. It also includes introduction of symptoms, epidemiology and pathogenesis, etiology, and prevention. As the disease progresses, scientists are working around the clock in the hope of an effective vaccine, and they managed to introduce some to the worldwide populations. The world faces challenges on a day-to-day basis until most people are vaccinated.
{"title":"SARS-COV-2 CORONAVIRUS: NOMENCLATURE, CLASSIFICATION, STRUCTURE, HISTORY, SYMPTOMS EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSES, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION","authors":"H. Al-Khalaifah, M. Al-Otaibi, A. Al-Ateeqi","doi":"10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/22","url":null,"abstract":"With the onset of the coronavirus pandemic in December 2019 in China, and the alarming rate at which it has spread across the world has unleashed not only fear, but has taken a toll on social, economic, health, and governing capabilities of the various countries infected with the virus. The pandemic is affecting all aspects of life, including industries such as the animal production industry all over the world. This includes plant, livestock and poultry production. Food security is accordingly impacted, as these industries are vital elements that are contributing to securing food to populations worldwide. In this review, light is shed on the origin of coronaviruses with special emphasis on COVID-19. It also includes introduction of symptoms, epidemiology and pathogenesis, etiology, and prevention. As the disease progresses, scientists are working around the clock in the hope of an effective vaccine, and they managed to introduce some to the worldwide populations. The world faces challenges on a day-to-day basis until most people are vaccinated.","PeriodicalId":329177,"journal":{"name":"GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132127143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/09
A. Krasnoshtanova, Anastasiya Bezyeva
"The oral route of drug inclusion is the most convenient for the patient. In addition to ease of use, this method of drug inclusion has such advantages as non-invasiveness of inclusion, absence of complications during injection; comparative safety for the organism due to the passage of the active substance and auxiliary compounds through the gastrointestinal tract; the possibility of introducing larger doses of the drug at one time. However, despite the obvious advantages, the oral route of inclusion has a number of significant disadvantages that significantly limit its use for a number of drugs. Among them are: relatively slow therapeutic action of the drug with this route of inclusion; the aggressive effect of a number of drugs (for example, antibiotics) on the gastrointestinal tract; low bioavailability of a number of substances (especially high molecular weight hydrophilic compounds), caused by poor permeability of the intestinal epithelium for hydrophilic and large molecules, as well as enzymatic and chemical degradation of the active substance in the gastrointestinal tract. There are various approaches used in the development of oral drug delivery systems. In particular, for the targeted delivery of drugs, it is proposed to use nano- and microcapsules with mucoadhesive properties. Among the polymers used for the synthesis of these microparticles, it is preferable to use pH-dependent, gelable biopolymers that change their structure depending on the acidity of the environment. Microcapsules obtained from compounds with the above properties are capable of protecting the active substance (or from the active substance) in the stomach environment and ensuring its release in the intestine. These properties are possessed by such polysaccharides as alginate, pectin, carrageenan, xylan, etc. The listed biopolymers are non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable, which makes microparticles containing these polysaccharides promising as oral drug delivery systems. To impart mucoadhesive properties to nanoparticles, complexes of the listed polymers with chitosan are used. In this research, pectin, a polysaccharide formed mainly by residues of galacturonic acid, was used as a structural polymer. The concentrations of substances in the initial solutions were selected that were optimal for the synthesis of microcapsules. The main parameters for evaluating the resulting microparticles were the size of the capsules (less than 1 μm for oral inclusion), the zeta-potential, showing the tendency of the microparticles to stick together, and the completeness of the binding of the microparticles to chitosan. It was found that the optimal solutions for the synthesis of microparticles are: 15.7 ml of a solution of pectin 0.093% by weight, 3.3 ml of a solution of chitosan 0.07% by weight and 1.0 ml of a solution of CaCl2 20 mM. The diameter of the microparticles obtained by this method was 700-800 nm, and the value of their zetta-potential, equal to - (34 ± 3) mV, does
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