Analysis of narrative structure can be said to answer the question “Who tells what, and how?”.1 The first part of the question thus concerns aspects such as who is narrating, whether it is a character in the story or not, and if it is a first-person or third-person narrator. The second part is related to the story and its basic elements: characters and events, and how the sequence of events forms a plot. The third part concerns how the narrative text is constructed: ordering of the events, the perspective from which the story is seen, how much information the narrator has access to, etc.
{"title":"Annotation Guideline No. 7: Guidelines for annotation of narrative structure","authors":"Mats Wirén, Adam Ek, Anna Kasaty","doi":"10.22148/001c.11772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22148/001c.11772","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of narrative structure can be said to answer the question “Who tells what, and how?”.1 The first part of the question thus concerns aspects such as who is narrating, whether it is a character in the story or not, and if it is a first-person or third-person narrator. The second part is related to the story and its basic elements: characters and events, and how the sequence of events forms a plot. The third part concerns how the narrative text is constructed: ordering of the events, the perspective from which the story is seen, how much information the narrator has access to, etc.","PeriodicalId":33005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Analytics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48032347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I first became aware of the SANTA project at the Digital Humanities conference inMontreal in the summer of 2017. I had just been assigned a 90-student secondyear undergraduate Digital Humanities undergraduate English Literature class, set to begin in January 2018,1 and I was looking for a group annotation project for my students. In previous iterations of the course, I had carried out several annotation projects focused on the narrative phenomenon of free indirect discourse (FID) in texts by Virginia Woolf and James Joyce.2 What made these projects successful, from my perspective, was that FID is a complex phenomenon (by definition, a passage in which it is difficult or impossible to say for certain whether a character or narrator is speaking certain words) which is however relatively easy to represent in machine language (for instance, with the TEI element and a few value-attribute pairs). The challenge in the assignment, in other words, was literary rather than technical: while it was easy to learn the TEI tagging, it
{"title":"Annotation Guideline No. 8: Annotation Guidelines for Narrative Levels","authors":"Adam Hammond","doi":"10.22148/001c.11773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22148/001c.11773","url":null,"abstract":"I first became aware of the SANTA project at the Digital Humanities conference inMontreal in the summer of 2017. I had just been assigned a 90-student secondyear undergraduate Digital Humanities undergraduate English Literature class, set to begin in January 2018,1 and I was looking for a group annotation project for my students. In previous iterations of the course, I had carried out several annotation projects focused on the narrative phenomenon of free indirect discourse (FID) in texts by Virginia Woolf and James Joyce.2 What made these projects successful, from my perspective, was that FID is a complex phenomenon (by definition, a passage in which it is difficult or impossible to say for certain whether a character or narrator is speaking certain words) which is however relatively easy to represent in machine language (for instance, with the TEI <said> element and a few value-attribute pairs). The challenge in the assignment, in other words, was literary rather than technical: while it was easy to learn the TEI tagging, it","PeriodicalId":33005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Analytics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41365131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
These guidelines were developed in our seminar “Digital Methods in Literary Studies”, which was aimed at M.A. students and advanced B.A. students.1 At the beginning of the seminar, students were introduced to the aims and challenges of digital annotating in general as well as to different narratological theories (including Genette, Ryan, Nelles, and Füredy). Due to its narratologically challenging nature, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein was chosen as a text against which we could test our guidelines and which triggered their modification. In Frankensteinmany changes (e.g. of narrator and narratee) occur at the beginning of chapters. Even though such changes can, of course, also be found in the middle of chapters, annotators should pay special attention to the beginning of chapters, because they often coincide with a change in narrator, narratee, or narrated world.
{"title":"Annotation Guideline No. 6: SANTA 6 Collaborative Annotation as a Teaching Tool Between Theory and Practice","authors":"Matthias Bauer, Miriam Lahrsow","doi":"10.22148/001c.11747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22148/001c.11747","url":null,"abstract":"These guidelines were developed in our seminar “Digital Methods in Literary Studies”, which was aimed at M.A. students and advanced B.A. students.1 At the beginning of the seminar, students were introduced to the aims and challenges of digital annotating in general as well as to different narratological theories (including Genette, Ryan, Nelles, and Füredy). Due to its narratologically challenging nature, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein was chosen as a text against which we could test our guidelines and which triggered their modification. In Frankensteinmany changes (e.g. of narrator and narratee) occur at the beginning of chapters. Even though such changes can, of course, also be found in the middle of chapters, annotators should pay special attention to the beginning of chapters, because they often coincide with a change in narrator, narratee, or narrated world.","PeriodicalId":33005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Analytics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47042796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The framing of Guideline VI within the pedagogical situation of a class on “Digital Methods in Literary Studies” is helpful in pointing out some of the ways in which the theory and practice of annotation can serve students of literature, as well as eventually contributing to computational analysis. Above all, annotation necessitates firm decisions, as the authors describe: ”Rather than let an ambiguous text stay ambiguous, they simply had to decide for one option in order to be able to annotate a passage and had to justify their choice with reference to the whole text or to adapt the guidelines in order to address and document the ambiguity” (3). This remark highlights the challenge in developing annotation guidelines so that they can be used consistently by different communities of users without modifications. The authors note several points of debate within the class that are relevant to the overall shared task and its evaluation: the feasibility of developing annotation guidelines that could be applied to a wide range of literary texts; the involved levels of textual interpretation that some kinds of annotation require; and the effect of prior study or knowledge on an annotator’s ability to discern or interpret narrative levels. As the shared task proceeds, itmay be necessary to specify the applicability of the annotation guidelines to works from particular genres, time periods, or languages.
{"title":"Annotating Narrative Levels: Review of Guideline No. 6","authors":"Natalie M. Houston","doi":"10.22148/001c.11774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22148/001c.11774","url":null,"abstract":"The framing of Guideline VI within the pedagogical situation of a class on “Digital Methods in Literary Studies” is helpful in pointing out some of the ways in which the theory and practice of annotation can serve students of literature, as well as eventually contributing to computational analysis. Above all, annotation necessitates firm decisions, as the authors describe: ”Rather than let an ambiguous text stay ambiguous, they simply had to decide for one option in order to be able to annotate a passage and had to justify their choice with reference to the whole text or to adapt the guidelines in order to address and document the ambiguity” (3). This remark highlights the challenge in developing annotation guidelines so that they can be used consistently by different communities of users without modifications. The authors note several points of debate within the class that are relevant to the overall shared task and its evaluation: the feasibility of developing annotation guidelines that could be applied to a wide range of literary texts; the involved levels of textual interpretation that some kinds of annotation require; and the effect of prior study or knowledge on an annotator’s ability to discern or interpret narrative levels. As the shared task proceeds, itmay be necessary to specify the applicability of the annotation guidelines to works from particular genres, time periods, or languages.","PeriodicalId":33005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Analytics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46132226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11214.003.0010
{"title":"Cultural Sampling","authors":"","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/11214.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11214.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Analytics","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82629433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11214.003.0017
{"title":"Conclusion: Can We Think without Categories?","authors":"","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/11214.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11214.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Analytics","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84322301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11214.003.0011
{"title":"Metadata and Features","authors":"","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/11214.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11214.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Analytics","volume":"62 Pt A 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76658359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11214.003.0001
{"title":"Acknowledgments","authors":"","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/11214.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11214.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Analytics","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74265114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11214.003.0016
{"title":"Methods of Media Visualization","authors":"","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/11214.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11214.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Analytics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78625398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11214.003.0009
{"title":"Types of Cultural Data","authors":"","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/11214.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11214.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Analytics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88282401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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