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The Game Analysis of Information Sharing for Supply Chain Enterprises in the Blockchain 区块链下供应链企业信息共享的博弈分析
Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.3389/fmtec.2022.880332
Qian Tang, Zeng Zhang, Zhonglei Yuan, Z. Li
The problems of additional inventory costs and inaccurate demand estimation caused by information asymmetry has severely damaged the profits of all participants and restricted the overall development of the supply chain. New technologies and ideas are urgently needed to solve these problems. The blockchain technology is widely accepted as a disruptive technology and a powerful tool to resolve information asymmetry with its advantage in decentralization, transparency, traceability, confidentiality, immutability, etc. The introduction of blockchain into the information system will effectively promote supply chain collaboration by facilitating information sharing among enterprises at various nodes. The paper builds a consortium chain model suitable for supply chain information sharing, uses evolutionary game theory to analyze the strategy changes and influencing factors in the information sharing choices of supply chain participants, and finally verifies the correctness of the results through MATLAB simulation.
信息不对称导致的额外库存成本和不准确的需求估计问题严重损害了所有参与者的利润,制约了供应链的整体发展。解决这些问题迫切需要新的技术和思路。区块链技术以其去中心化、透明度、可追溯性、保密性、不可变性等优势,被广泛认为是一种颠覆性技术,是解决信息不对称的有力工具。将区块链引入信息系统,通过促进各节点企业之间的信息共享,将有效促进供应链协作。本文构建了适用于供应链信息共享的联盟链模型,运用演化博弈论分析了供应链参与者在信息共享选择中的策略变化及影响因素,最后通过MATLAB仿真验证了结果的正确性。
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引用次数: 3
A Semantic Ontology-Based Approach to Support Model-Based Systems Engineering Design for an Aircraft Prognostic Health Management System 基于语义本体的飞机预估健康管理系统工程设计支持方法
Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.3389/fmtec.2022.886518
Jinwei Chen, Yifan Chen, Zhenchao Hu, Jinzhi Lu, Xiaochen Zheng, Hui-sheng Zhang, Dimitris Kiritsis 
The Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) system of an aircraft has complex structures and diverse functions. It is highly coupled with other systems, such as the avionics system and flight management system. The Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) method is effective to support the design and verification of the aircraft PHM system. As a powerful semantic web construction method, ontology has been widely used to express design information, such as the concepts and the relationships between them. However, traditional graphical MBSE models have a natural weakness in transforming into ontology. In this paper, a semantic MBSE method is proposed to support the transform of the ontology model. Firstly, according to the design characteristics of the aircraft PHM system, a meta-model library of the aircraft PHM system is developed to support the design and evaluation. An MBSE modeling method based on requirement analysis, function analysis, logical architecture design, and physic architecture design is applied in the PHM design process. Secondly, the semantic system modeling language KARMA based on “graph, object, property, point, relationship, role, and extension” (GOPPRRE) is used to transfer the graphical MBSE model to the semantic MBSE model, which can be easily transformed to an ontology model. Finally, an ontology based on semantic modeling is developed to describe the MBSE entities and to support MBSE design. In this paper, a case study of an aircraft fuel PHM system is carried out to validate the proposed method. Based on the developed meta-model library, a complete MBSE design process for the aircraft PHM system is realized. And then an ontology model supporting PHM system design is generated from the semantic MBSE model. The MBSE ontology provides a shareable capability to help designers communicate effectively. Quantitative analysis based on ontology is also provided to verify the complexity and scale of the MBSE design process. Moreover, logical reasoning ability can also be provided to support the early requirement traceability for MBSE design. In general, the case study results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method for the aircraft PHM system design.
飞机预测与健康管理(PHM)系统结构复杂,功能多样。它与其他系统高度耦合,如航空电子系统和飞行管理系统。基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)方法为飞机PHM系统的设计和验证提供了有效的支持。本体作为一种强大的语义web构建方法,已被广泛用于表达设计信息,如概念及其之间的关系。然而,传统的图形化MBSE模型在向本体转换方面存在着天然的弱点。本文提出了一种支持本体模型转换的语义MBSE方法。首先,根据飞机PHM系统的设计特点,建立了飞机PHM系统的元模型库,为飞机PHM系统的设计和评估提供支持。在PHM的设计过程中,采用了基于需求分析、功能分析、逻辑架构设计和物理架构设计的MBSE建模方法。其次,利用基于“图、对象、属性、点、关系、角色、扩展”的语义系统建模语言KARMA (GOPPRRE),将图形化的MBSE模型转换为语义化的MBSE模型,从而方便地转化为本体模型;最后,提出了一个基于语义建模的本体来描述MBSE实体,为MBSE设计提供支持。最后,以某型飞机燃油PHM系统为例,对所提方法进行了验证。基于所建立的元模型库,实现了飞机PHM系统的完整MBSE设计过程。然后在语义MBSE模型的基础上生成支持PHM系统设计的本体模型。MBSE本体提供了可共享的功能,以帮助设计人员进行有效的沟通。基于本体的定量分析验证了MBSE设计过程的复杂性和规模。此外,还可以提供逻辑推理能力,支持MBSE设计的早期需求跟踪。总体而言,实例研究结果表明了该方法在飞机PHM系统设计中的可行性和有效性。
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引用次数: 1
RMPFQ: A Quality-Oriented Knowledge Modelling Method for Manufacturing Systems Towards Cognitive Digital Twins 面向认知数字孪生的制造系统质量导向知识建模方法
Pub Date : 2022-05-24 DOI: 10.3389/fmtec.2022.901364
Xiaochen Zheng, P. Petrali, Jinzhi Lu, C. Turrin, D. Kiritsis
Digital Twin is one of the fundamental enabling technologies for Industry 4.0 as it allows the convergence between a physical system and its digital representation. A proper modelling method is the prerequisite for successful digital twin implementation. The manufacturing process determines critically the quality of the manufactured products. The influential elements need to be systematically organized when modelling a manufacturing process. This paper proposes a semantic modelling method named RMPFQ (Resource, Material, Process, Function/Feature, Quality) aiming to interlink the main influential factors related to product quality during manufacturing processes. The proposed RMPFQ model is formalized with an application ontology following the IOF-Core middle-level and BFO top-level ontologies. Based on this ontology, a semantic-driven digital twin architecture is designed and mapped to the recently proposed Cognitive Digital Twin concept. A correlation matrix is designed to quantify the relationships among RMPFQ elements thus to facilitate the industrial applications. A case study based on the assembly process of a washing machine is conducted to demonstrate the implementation procedures of the proposed RMPFQ method.
数字孪生是工业4.0的基本支持技术之一,因为它允许物理系统与其数字表示之间的融合。正确的建模方法是成功实现数字孪生的前提。制造过程对制造产品的质量起着至关重要的作用。在制造过程建模时,需要系统地组织有影响的元素。本文提出了一种语义建模方法RMPFQ (Resource, Material, Process, Function/Feature, Quality),旨在将制造过程中影响产品质量的主要因素联系起来。建议的RMPFQ模型使用遵循IOF-Core中间层和BFO顶级本体的应用程序本体进行形式化。基于该本体,设计了语义驱动的数字孪生体系结构,并将其映射到最近提出的认知数字孪生概念。设计了一个相关矩阵来量化RMPFQ元素之间的关系,从而促进工业应用。最后以洗衣机装配过程为例,说明了RMPFQ方法的实现过程。
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引用次数: 2
Resilience Analysis of Additive Manufacturing-enabled Supply Chains: An Exploratory Study 增材制造供应链弹性分析:一项探索性研究
Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.3389/fmtec.2022.884164
Pinkesh K. Patel, F. Defersha, Sheng Yang
Unparalleled level of globalization and fierce competition have made supply chains (SCs) exceedingly complex and fragile as ever before. Increased incidences of natural disasters and unprecedented COVID-19 have highlighted the significance of improving supply chain resilience (SCR) by divulging its susceptibility to the external events. Additive manufacturing (AM) is envisioned as the disruptive technology that allows layer-wised fabrication and has been claimed to be an important contributor to the improved SCR as it could bring new opportunities through expanded design freedom, improved material efficiency, shortened supply chains, and decentralized manufacturing. Nonetheless, rare research has quantitatively measured the impacts of AM on SCR. To fill this research gap, the indices for assessing SCR of AM-enabled supply chains (AM-SCs) are first proposed, and then, the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is employed to derive a quantifiable SCR score that can be used to measure the performance of different SCs. A case study of a gas pedal assembly is presented with three different SC configurations: the original assembly with conventional manufacturing, original assembly with AM, and redesigned assembly with AM. The exploratory study shows that the redesigned assembly with AM considerations could improve the SCR by 200%. Sensitivity analysis also revealed that part count and reaction time of suppliers are influential factors of improving SCR. Last, challenges and limitations of the proposed framework are also deliberated upon alongside future research scope.
前所未有的全球化水平和激烈的竞争使供应链变得前所未有的复杂和脆弱。自然灾害发生率的增加和前所未有的COVID-19凸显了通过暴露其对外部事件的敏感性来提高供应链弹性(SCR)的重要性。增材制造(AM)被认为是一种颠覆性技术,可以实现分层制造,并被认为是改进SCR的重要贡献者,因为它可以通过扩大设计自由度、提高材料效率、缩短供应链和分散制造来带来新的机会。然而,很少有研究定量地测量AM对SCR的影响。为了填补这一研究空白,本文首先提出了AM-SCs的SCR评估指标,然后采用与理想解决方案相似的偏好排序技术(TOPSIS)推导出可量化的SCR分数,用于衡量不同sc的绩效。以油门踏板总成为例,介绍了三种不同的SC配置:采用传统制造的原始总成、采用增材制造的原始总成和采用增材制造的重新设计总成。探索性研究表明,考虑增材制造的重新设计组件可将SCR提高200%。敏感性分析还表明,供应商的零件数量和反应时间是提高SCR的影响因素。最后,本文还讨论了所提出框架的挑战和局限性以及未来的研究范围。
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引用次数: 2
Ontological Approach to Support the Horizontal and Vertical Information Integration in Smart Manufacturing Systems: An Experimental Case in a Long-Life Packaging Factory 支持智能制造系统中水平和垂直信息集成的本体论方法:一个长寿命包装厂的实验案例
Pub Date : 2022-05-03 DOI: 10.3389/fmtec.2022.854155
Ramon Martinez Pereira, A. L. Szejka, Osiris Canciglieri Jr.
Digital manufacturing has been challenged by the manufacturing industry to rationalize different ways to connect and exchange information and knowledge across different phases of manufacturing systems. One of the Industry 4.0 pillars is the horizontal and vertical integration with intelligent and self-adaptive systems. For this to be possible, the manufacturing industry applies an extensive range of software tools, such as GRAI, CIMOSA, MO2GO, ARIS, SCADA, MES, ERP, CAD, and CAM. Individually, each one performs its function to support the manufacturing process. However, when these multiple tools operate together using technical standards, some misinterpretation and mistake gaps are identified due to a lack of machine-to-machine (M2M) communication and users’ interpretation. This is recognized as a semantic interoperability problem. Semantic technologies, such as ontologies, have been proven to be a promising way to overcome semantic interoperability obstacles. Based on this context, this study is proposing a conceptual framework based on semantic technologies to create a solution to the horizontal and vertical integration and semantic interoperability obstacle. MANUMATE is the framework proposed, and it consists of three artifacts, 1) reference ontologies, 2) requirements, and 3) application ontology, and two processes, 1) ontology specialization and 2) information application. The MANUMATE framework is applied to two experimental case studies to validate the conceptual solution in two different applications, in the context of a long-life package for the beverages industry. These case studies help elucidate how the application of the framework could improve the information and knowledge exchange by providing a standard way to represent information among different stakeholders in the productive process. A discussion about the results is presented, revealing the benefits and limitations of the solution.
制造业对数字化制造提出了挑战,要求在制造系统的不同阶段以不同的方式连接和交换信息和知识。工业4.0的支柱之一是与智能和自适应系统的横向和纵向整合。为了实现这一目标,制造业应用了广泛的软件工具,如GRAI, CIMOSA, MO2GO, ARIS, SCADA, MES, ERP, CAD和CAM。单独地,每一个都执行其功能来支持制造过程。然而,当这些多种工具使用技术标准一起操作时,由于缺乏机器对机器(M2M)通信和用户的解释,会发现一些误解和错误。这被认为是一个语义互操作性问题。语义技术(如本体)已被证明是克服语义互操作性障碍的一种很有前途的方法。在此背景下,本研究提出了一个基于语义技术的概念框架,以解决横向和纵向集成以及语义互操作性障碍。MANUMATE框架由参考本体、需求本体和应用本体三个构件和本体专门化和信息应用两个过程组成。MANUMATE框架应用于两个实验案例研究,在饮料行业的长寿命包装的背景下,在两个不同的应用中验证概念解决方案。这些案例研究有助于阐明该框架的应用如何通过提供在生产过程中不同利益相关者之间表示信息的标准方法来改善信息和知识交换。对结果进行了讨论,揭示了该解决方案的优点和局限性。
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引用次数: 1
Nested Lifecycles-Improving the Visibility of Product Lifespans in Smart Factories 嵌套生命周期——提高智能工厂产品寿命的可见性
Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.3389/fmtec.2022.837478
S. West, M. Ebel, M. Anderson, O. Stoll, J. Poeppelbuss, M. Khan
Within the smart factory environment, we have a complex system of systems composed of Industry 4.0/digital technologies and assets with varying lifespans. Different degrees of innovation maturity and different lifespans of integrated assets within the industrial internet of things (IIOT) are considered problematic and lead to different perspectives on asset lifecycles as they impact significantly on the asset lifespans. This leads to the loss of a clear end-of-life phase defined in existing Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) models. Through an integrative literature review, this study introduces the concept of nested lifecycles that takes a systems perspective to asset management, and considers subsystems with different lifespans that must be managed holistically by different actors with different perspectives. Additionally, this study provides a framework to derive strategies for lifecycle management by allowing the nested lifecycles to be clearly identified and then addressed. From the theoretical perspective, the notion of nested lifecycles provides a novel viewpoint for the asset management and PLM research community. From the managerial perspective, the proposed framework will help managers identify why and where collaboration between different actors may create difficulties due to their varying outlooks and training.
在智能工厂环境中,我们有一个由工业4.0/数字技术和具有不同寿命的资产组成的复杂系统。工业物联网(IIOT)中不同程度的创新成熟度和不同的集成资产寿命被认为是有问题的,并导致对资产生命周期的不同观点,因为它们对资产寿命有重大影响。这将导致现有产品生命周期管理(PLM)模型中定义的清晰的生命周期结束阶段的丢失。通过综合文献回顾,本研究引入了嵌套生命周期的概念,该概念采用系统视角来进行资产管理,并考虑了具有不同寿命的子系统,这些子系统必须由具有不同视角的不同参与者进行整体管理。此外,本研究提供了一个框架,通过允许嵌套的生命周期被清楚地识别和处理,从而派生出生命周期管理的策略。从理论的角度来看,嵌套生命周期的概念为资产管理和PLM研究社区提供了一个新的视角。从管理的角度来看,拟议的框架将帮助管理人员确定不同行为者之间的合作可能因其不同的观点和培训而造成困难的原因和地点。
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引用次数: 1
Additive Manufacturing of a Removable Partial Prosthesis in Titanium Using Binder Jetting Technology: A Brief Research Report 应用粘结剂喷射技术增材制造可移动部分钛材料假体的研究报告
Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.3389/fmtec.2022.863593
Cecilia Hagman, Per Svanborg
Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the surface roughness and compare the fit of a cobalt-chromium selective laser-melted removable partial denture framework and a titanium binder jetting removable partial denture framework. Materials and methods: A design for a removable partial prosthesis framework was made using 3Shape software, and thereafter, one framework was additively manufactured in cobalt-chromium with selective laser melting and one in titanium using binder jetting technology. The weight of the frameworks was measured, and the surface parameters Sa, Sds, and Sdr were measured by white light interferometry. The fit of the frameworks was analyzed using visual inspection and the pressing test. Results: The weight of the frameworks in their post-printed state was 15.66 g and 7.43 g for cobalt-chromium and titanium, respectively. After finishing and polishing, the cobalt-chromium framework’s outer surface showed a high shine and smooth surface, with lower values in the Sa and Sdr parameters. The visual inspection showed gaps in the titanium framework, and the pressing test detected movement greater than 0.5 mm for the same material. Conclusion: The Ti framework showed higher surface roughness and was left with a lackluster finish after polishing. Also, the fit of the Ti framework was not clinically acceptable. The additive manufacturing binder jetting technology for titanium needs improvement or an adjustment of the settings to be used for clinically removable partial dentures. The cobalt-chromium framework manufactured by selective laser melting showed an acceptable clinical fit and surface roughness.
目的:测量钴铬选择性激光熔化可摘局部义齿框架与钛粘结剂喷射可摘局部义齿框架的表面粗糙度并比较其配合度。材料和方法:采用3Shape软件设计可移动部分假体框架,然后采用选择性激光熔化钴铬材料和粘结剂喷射技术制备钛材料。测定骨架重量,用白光干涉法测定骨架表面参数Sa、Sds和Sdr。通过目测和冲压试验对框架的配合度进行了分析。结果:钴铬骨架和钛骨架在印后状态下的重量分别为15.66 g和7.43 g。经过精加工和抛光后,钴铬框架的外表面光泽度高,表面光滑,Sa和Sdr参数值较低。目视检查发现钛框架有间隙,压紧测试发现相同材料的移动大于0.5 mm。结论:Ti骨架具有较高的表面粗糙度,抛光后光洁度较低。此外,Ti框架的拟合性在临床上也不能被接受。钛的增材制造粘结剂喷射技术需要改进或调整设置才能用于临床可摘局部义齿。采用选择性激光熔化法制备的钴铬骨架具有良好的临床配合度和表面粗糙度。
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引用次数: 0
Failure Mode Structured Preventive Maintenance Scheduling With Changing Failure Rates in Industry 4.0 Environment 工业4.0环境下具有变化故障率的结构化预防性维护计划
Pub Date : 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.3389/fmtec.2022.828986
Theyab O. Alamri, J. Mo
Critical manufacturing systems consist of many different components working together. Each component is important to the operation and performance of the whole system. It is crucial to have a sound maintenance plan to ensure continuous production output. The strategy of current research is to focus on the failure mode modelling of the manufacturing system and divide it according to failure mode in production blocks. The preventive replacement intervals are determined using mean time to failure values of components, with group replacements of components within the production blocks to prevent unexpected functional breakdown failures. With the implementation of Industry 4.0 infrastructure, the mean time to failure values of components are constantly updated. The multi-mode mathematical model developed in this paper is able to adjust the preventive replacement schedule dynamically to suit changing system conditions. The results indicate that preventive replacement of components can achieve consistent minimum system reliability of 90% while minimizing system costs due to maintenance and downtime. Novelty of the approach lies in developing a holistic preventive maintenance schedule using failure mode and effects analysis for a complete system. The approach not only improves maintainability and reliability, lowers the cost of maintenance, but also keeps continuity of production.
关键的制造系统由许多不同的组件共同组成。每个组件对整个系统的运行和性能都很重要。有一个完善的维护计划是保证连续生产产出的关键。目前的研究策略是关注制造系统的失效模式建模,并根据生产模块的失效模式进行划分。预防性更换间隔是使用组件的平均失效时间值来确定的,在生产块内对组件进行分组更换,以防止意外的功能故障。随着工业4.0基础设施的实施,组件的平均失效时间值不断更新。本文建立的多模数学模型能够动态调整预防更换计划以适应不断变化的系统条件。结果表明,预防性更换部件可以使系统可靠性保持在90%的最低水平,同时使维护和停机造成的系统成本降到最低。该方法的新颖之处在于利用故障模式和对整个系统的影响分析来制定一个整体的预防性维护计划。该方法不仅提高了可维护性和可靠性,降低了维护成本,而且保持了生产的连续性。
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引用次数: 3
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Frontiers in Manufacturing Technology
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