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The Operationalization of Ernesto Laclau’s Theory of Populism: Case of the Political Party “The Way of Courage” 拉克劳民粹主义理论的运作:以政党“勇气之路”为例
Pub Date : 2018-12-20 DOI: 10.15388/SOCMINTVEI.2018.2.2
Karolis Jonutis
This article aims to explain the rise of the Lithuanian political party “The Way of Courage” using Ernesto Laclau’s discourse theory of populism, in which populism is understood as a logic of collective identity formation. The advantages of this theoretical approach are revealed by comparing it with other tendencies of conceptualizing populism. In addition, this article is an attempt to solve the main disadvantage of E. Laclau’s theory – its high level of abstractness, understood as an obstacle for operationalization. Therefore, various possibilities of combining E. Laclau’s theory with other methodological perspectives are discussed, and a new research model is suggested, which is later applied in the discourse analysis of the political party “The Way of Courage.”
本文旨在运用拉克劳的民粹主义话语理论来解释立陶宛政党“勇气之路”的兴起。在拉克劳的民粹主义话语理论中,民粹主义被理解为一种集体认同形成的逻辑。通过与其他民粹主义概念化倾向的比较,揭示了这一理论方法的优越性。此外,本文还试图解决拉克劳理论的主要缺点——高度的抽象性,这被理解为操作性的障碍。因此,本文探讨了拉克劳理论与其他方法论视角相结合的各种可能性,提出了一种新的研究模式,并将其应用于对政党“勇气之路”的话语分析。
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引用次数: 1
European Social Survey: 10 Years in Lithuania 欧洲社会调查:立陶宛10年
Pub Date : 2018-12-20 DOI: 10.15388/SOCMINTVEI.2018.2.7
Giedrius Zvaliauskas
A short review of the European Social Survey (ESS) and its 8th wave module on welfare attitudes. The review presents a detailed description of the variables used in the ESS questionnaire in a 2017 survey conducted in Lithuania and links to its results.
简要回顾欧洲社会调查(ESS)及其关于福利态度的第八波模块。该综述详细描述了2017年在立陶宛进行的一项调查中ESS问卷中使用的变量,并提供了其结果的链接。
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引用次数: 0
The Concept of “Internal Colonization” and Its Application in a Comparative Analysis of (Post)Soviet States “内部殖民”概念及其在(后)苏联国家比较分析中的应用
Pub Date : 2018-12-20 DOI: 10.15388/SOCMINTVEI.2018.2.3
R. Čepaitienė
This article discusses a direction of sociocultural studies – the cultural history of natural resources – and the possibilities of its application in examining the causes of inequality and social exclusion in post-Soviet Lithuania. This theoretical-methodological approach assumes a strong interdependence shared between the extraction of natural resources, a state’s political system and institutions as well as certain sociocultural provisions. In exploring the concept of “internal colonization,” developed by historian of culture Alexander Etkind and other authors, this article sets guidelines for a comparative analysis of the sociopolitical structure of post-Soviet countries (especially Russia and Lithuania). Some initial hypotheses regarding the trends, differences, and similarities of post-Soviet societies in the long historical perspective, from the 16th century up to our time, are presented for further analysis. This article concludes that this methodological approach could be sufficiently promising in explaining the specifics of the socioeconomic development of independent Lithuania, in particular by applying the hypothesis of a “secondary internal colonization,” which has been raised during the course of the investigation.
本文讨论了社会文化研究的一个方向-自然资源的文化史-及其在检查后苏联立陶宛不平等和社会排斥的原因方面应用的可能性。这种理论方法假设自然资源的开采、国家的政治制度和机构以及某些社会文化规定之间存在强烈的相互依存关系。在探索由文化历史学家亚历山大·埃特金(Alexander Etkind)和其他作者提出的“内部殖民”概念时,本文为后苏联国家(特别是俄罗斯和立陶宛)的社会政治结构的比较分析设定了指导方针。从长远的历史角度来看,从16世纪到我们这个时代,关于后苏联社会的趋势、差异和相似之处,提出了一些初步假设,以供进一步分析。本文的结论是,这种方法方法在解释独立立陶宛的社会经济发展细节方面可能足够有希望,特别是通过应用在调查过程中提出的“二次内部殖民化”假设。
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引用次数: 0
The Triumph of Large-Scale Agriculture and Its Socioeconomic Impact 大规模农业的胜利及其社会经济影响
Pub Date : 2018-12-20 DOI: 10.15388/SOCMINTVEI.2018.2.4
András Schlett, J. Beke
Large-scale farming that utilizes industrial methods to intensify production is becoming more significant worldwide. This study explores this phenomenon and sheds light on its consequences. Contingency factors serve as key drivers when determining the advantages and disadvantages of both large-scale and small-scale farming. Significant shifts in agro-production methods have fundamentally altered ownership and production structures in agriculture and had a disastrous impact on the livelihoods of people living in rural areas.
利用工业方法集约化生产的大规模农业在世界范围内变得越来越重要。这项研究探讨了这一现象,并阐明了其后果。在决定大规模和小规模农业的利弊时,偶然性因素是关键驱动因素。农业生产方法的重大转变从根本上改变了农业的所有权和生产结构,对农村地区人民的生计产生了灾难性的影响。
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引用次数: 1
On the Attempt to Unlock the Black Boxes of Science (2) 论打开科学黑盒子的尝试(二)
Pub Date : 2018-12-20 DOI: 10.15388/SOCMINTVEI.2018.2.1
Arūnas Poviliūnas, Antanas Voznikaitis, Lina Mačiulė, Monika Juknienė, Elena Sinkevičiūtė, Rima Žilinskaitė
This article further develops the ideas expressed in our previous publication – On the Attempt to Unlock the Black Boxes of Science (1) – and presents a sociological experiment that aims to break the conventional routine of the research activities of both sociology and life sciences. The article consists of two parts. The first part discusses the concept of “the new scientific spirit,” elaborated by French scientist and philosopher G. Bachelard, and introduces H. White’s theory of tropes, which provides a novel interpretative framework for “the new scientific spirit.” The second part of this article describes a didactic experiment comprised of two discussion groups with PhD students working in the field of life sciences. The first discussion group attempted to realize the principles of the sociology of the social, whereas the second one attempted to break the limits of the sociology of the social and to induce an epistemological rupture in order to realize the principles of the sociology of translation in the second discussion. This article also includes the authors’ reflections regarding the formation of their own sociological habitus.
这篇文章进一步发展了我们在之前的出版物《试图打开科学的黑盒子(1)》中所表达的观点,并提出了一个社会学实验,旨在打破社会学和生命科学研究活动的常规。本文由两部分组成。第一部分论述了法国科学家、哲学家巴舍拉提出的“新科学精神”概念,并介绍了怀特的比喻理论,为“新科学精神”提供了一个新的解释框架。本文的第二部分描述了一个教学实验,该实验由两个讨论组组成,其中包括在生命科学领域工作的博士生。第一个讨论组试图实现社会社会学的原则,而第二个讨论组则试图突破社会社会学的局限,引发认识论上的断裂,从而在第二个讨论中实现翻译社会学的原则。本文还包括作者对自身社会学习惯形成的思考。
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引用次数: 1
The Transformation of the Concept of an Urban Ecosystem: Classical and Modern Urban Ecology 城市生态系统概念的转变:古典与现代城市生态学
Pub Date : 2018-12-20 DOI: 10.15388/SOCMINTVEI.2018.2.5
Darius Žiemelis
Contemporary trends in urban development indicate that its processes rarely observe ecocentric perspectives, under which nature is considered as a value. This concept is represented by modern urban ecology. Meanwhile, the urban ecosystem, as a concept of a human system, is represented by classical urban ecology. The existence of different urban ecosystem concepts encourages a closer look at not only the differences between these concepts but also the circumstances that have led to this transformation process. The aim of this article is to analyze the concepts of an urban ecosystem in classical and modern urban ecology, focusing not only on the explication of the content of the concepts of urban ecosystem, but also on the social, cultural and economic conditions of the emergence of different concepts. This article reveals that the separation of urban ecosystem concepts was determined by the different sociocultural environment in which classical urban ecology and contemporary urban ecology have emerged. From the point of view of modern urban ecology, in order to explain the reasons for the emergence of global urban development problems and to search for solutions to them, the conceptual legacy of classical urban ecology, due to its anthropocentric orientation, not only cannot be of use anymore but also hinders in this search – that is, instead of solving problems, it makes them even worse.
当代城市发展趋势表明,其过程很少遵循生态中心的观点,在这种观点下,自然被视为一种价值。这一概念以现代城市生态为代表。同时,城市生态系统作为一个人类系统的概念,以经典的城市生态学为代表。不同城市生态系统概念的存在鼓励人们不仅仔细研究这些概念之间的差异,而且仔细研究导致这种转变过程的环境。本文的目的是分析古典和现代城市生态学中城市生态系统的概念,不仅侧重于解释城市生态系统概念的内容,而且侧重于不同概念产生的社会、文化和经济条件。城市生态系统概念的分离是由古典城市生态学与当代城市生态学所处的不同社会文化环境所决定的。从现代城市生态学的角度来看,为了解释全球城市发展问题出现的原因并寻求解决这些问题的办法,古典城市生态学的概念遗产由于其人类中心主义的取向,不仅不再有用,而且阻碍了这种探索——即不仅没有解决问题,反而使问题变得更糟。
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引用次数: 0
Atminties kultūra ir politiškumo genezė Delfų teologijoje
Pub Date : 2018-11-23 DOI: 10.15388/SOCMINTVEI.2018.12166
Raimondas Kazlauskas
[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba] Straipsnyje aptariama politiškumo genezė, traktuojant šį fenomeną kaip ypatingą politinių ir religinių veiksnių sąveiką. Rytams būdinga cheirografinė atminties kultūra lyginama su graikų pasaulyje iškilusia oroakustine jos alternatyva. Svarstomos antikinės Graikijos politinės sąmonės ir religinio mentaliteto raidos ypatybės. Nagrinėjamos legitimacijos prielaidos, susiejant jas su Tamsiaisiais amžiais vykusia graikų tapatybės krize ir kartų kovos problema, kurią atspindėjo tradicinė tėvų pasaulio (Olimpo) teologija ir marginali sūnų pasaulio (Delfų) teologija.
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引用次数: 1
Te visad dega šviesos: Lietuvos energetinio saugumo problemos sociologijos šviesoje
Pub Date : 2018-11-23 DOI: 10.15388/SOCMINTVEI.2018.12171
Zenonas Norkus
[tekstas lietuvių kalba]
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引用次数: 0
Nemonogamija: sociologiniai kintančio intymumo tyrimai
Pub Date : 2018-11-23 DOI: 10.15388/SOCMINTVEI.2018.12169
Darja Lyzenko
[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba] Straipsnyje pristatomos monogamijos, nemonogamijos ir konsensualinės nemonogamijos (svingo, poliamorijos ir atvirų santykių) sąvokos bei aptariamos kultūrinės jėgos, verčiančios kvestionuoti monogamijos normatyvumo perspektyvas. Svarstomi monogamijos mononormatyvių pozicijų, jų pagrįstumo bei monogamijos ir nemonogamijos tarpusavio santykio klausimai.
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引用次数: 0
Moteriškasis habitus „štangos“ sporte: lytis ir simbolinis dominavimas
Pub Date : 2018-11-23 DOI: 10.15388/SOCMINTVEI.2018.12168
Mažvydas Karalius
[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba] Pagrindinis straipsnio tikslas – rekonstruoti socialinį „štangos“ sporto lauką ir moteriško habitus jame veikimo principus. Remiantis P. Bourdieu siūlomomis sąvokomis, norima parodyti, kad sportinis moterų kultūrizmas ir moterų kūno fitnesas yra neatsiejami nuo galios struktūrų ir jų sąsajų su lytiškumo kategorijomis. Taikant kokybinę metodologiją, straipsnyje pristatoma pusiau struktūruotų interviu analizė su sportininkėmis, sykiu atsakant į pagrindinį tyrimo klausimą: kokios įkūnytos taisyklės įgalina (arba riboja) moterų patekimą į sportinį lauką, jei šis tradiciškai apibrėžiamas kaip vyriškas? Straipsnyje teigiama, kad, be sportinio režimo ir kūno treniravimo, jėgos sportininkėms keliamas ne mažiau svarbus reikalavimas tinkamai įkūnyti socialiai priimtiną moteriškumą, šiuos du kriterijus suvokiant kaip pagrindines šios sporto šakos lauko taisykles. Galiausiai į „štangos“ sportininkes pasiūloma žvelgti kaip į „suderinto kūno“ savininkes – kas dieną balansuojančias ant nepakankamo moteriškumo ir perdėto vyriškumo ribos. Pabaigoje aptariamos moterų praktikuojamos strategijos siekiant normalizuoti sportinės ir ne sportinės tapatybių konfliktą.
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Sociologija Mintis ir Veiksmas
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