Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303371
Shouxiang Wang, Xiaokun Cui, Zuyi Li, M. Shahidehpour
The penetration of distributed generations (DGs) in distribution system has been steadily increasing. This paper develops and tests a three-phase-based state estimation algorithm for distribution system with DGs. This algorithm is based on branch currents. The amplitudes and phase angles of branch currents are selected as state variables. A proper change of measurements enables the three-phase distribution system to be decoupled and results in better performance. In addition, DGs are classified into four types and treated as real-time measurements with different information. Different methods are applied to deal with different types of DGs in the state estimation. The proposed algorithm is tested and validated using the IEEE 13-node test distribution system. The impact of different types and different locations of the DGs are studied.
{"title":"An improved branch current-based three-phase state estimation algorithm for distribution systems with DGs","authors":"Shouxiang Wang, Xiaokun Cui, Zuyi Li, M. Shahidehpour","doi":"10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303371","url":null,"abstract":"The penetration of distributed generations (DGs) in distribution system has been steadily increasing. This paper develops and tests a three-phase-based state estimation algorithm for distribution system with DGs. This algorithm is based on branch currents. The amplitudes and phase angles of branch currents are selected as state variables. A proper change of measurements enables the three-phase distribution system to be decoupled and results in better performance. In addition, DGs are classified into four types and treated as real-time measurements with different information. Different methods are applied to deal with different types of DGs in the state estimation. The proposed algorithm is tested and validated using the IEEE 13-node test distribution system. The impact of different types and different locations of the DGs are studied.","PeriodicalId":330758,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"08 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126069307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303324
Guojing Li, B. Duan, Jiaqi Pan, Yunqiang Tan, Yan Liu
Fast and intelligent operation is a trend with the development of Smart Grid. Switchgear interlocking across bays (substation interlocking), for example, operation at a bus-coupler bay and busbar transfer, has to prevent simultaneous operation. In order to solve this problem, an interlocking architecture with reservation function is introduced. The operation mechanism is proposed and logical nodes for reservation function are defined. The engineering method for IED update from general interlocking to interlocking with reservation function is elaborated. As a scenario, the reconfiguration process of substation engineering is illustrated. The engineering technique and works proposed in this paper are compatible with IEC61850 standards.
{"title":"Engineering of interlocking with reservation function in digital substation operation","authors":"Guojing Li, B. Duan, Jiaqi Pan, Yunqiang Tan, Yan Liu","doi":"10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303324","url":null,"abstract":"Fast and intelligent operation is a trend with the development of Smart Grid. Switchgear interlocking across bays (substation interlocking), for example, operation at a bus-coupler bay and busbar transfer, has to prevent simultaneous operation. In order to solve this problem, an interlocking architecture with reservation function is introduced. The operation mechanism is proposed and logical nodes for reservation function are defined. The engineering method for IED update from general interlocking to interlocking with reservation function is elaborated. As a scenario, the reconfiguration process of substation engineering is illustrated. The engineering technique and works proposed in this paper are compatible with IEC61850 standards.","PeriodicalId":330758,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123196857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303330
J. Jin, W. Xu, X. Chen, X. Zhou, J. Zhang, W. Gong, A. Ren, Y. Xin
This paper presents the worldwide developments of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) devices. The application solutions of SMES technology for future smart grids are further discussed. The application topologies and advantages of SMES for micro grids, transmission and distribution systems are briefly described. The application scheme of hybrid energy storage systems (ESSs) and distributed SMES (D-SMES) devices are proposed and discussed to combine the advantages from small-scale SMES devices and other conventional ESSs, and to achieve better performance in practical power applications. Finally, the integrated solutions for smart grids are proposed, and the basic functions and application schemes of SMES devices are initially presented and discussed.
{"title":"Developments of SMES devices and potential applications in smart grids","authors":"J. Jin, W. Xu, X. Chen, X. Zhou, J. Zhang, W. Gong, A. Ren, Y. Xin","doi":"10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303330","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the worldwide developments of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) devices. The application solutions of SMES technology for future smart grids are further discussed. The application topologies and advantages of SMES for micro grids, transmission and distribution systems are briefly described. The application scheme of hybrid energy storage systems (ESSs) and distributed SMES (D-SMES) devices are proposed and discussed to combine the advantages from small-scale SMES devices and other conventional ESSs, and to achieve better performance in practical power applications. Finally, the integrated solutions for smart grids are proposed, and the basic functions and application schemes of SMES devices are initially presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":330758,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126741152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303154
Li Lin, Xiaoyu Li, Wenxia Li, Xiangshi Liu, Lang Xu
With the steadily increasing penetration of wind power into the grid, wind power is likely to displace the output of some thermal units and this can result in a reduction in fuel consumption and harmful emissions. On the other hand, due to the volatility of wind power, it brings great influences to power system frequency-regulating. Then, considering of the demand of system frequency-regulating, this paper focus on studying the changes of system reserve after wind generation participating in system frequency-regulating. And on this basis, the expressions of operation value of grid integrated wind power is obtained, considering of generating revenue, generating cost, ancillary service costs, environmental benefits and other factors. Then through the simulation of an actual power system, the method is verified to be useful and the influence on the operation value of grid integrated wind power whether wind farms participate in the grid frequency-regulating or not is studied. At last, it's concluded that the operation value of grid integrated wind power can be increased when wind farms participate in the grid frequency-regulating.
{"title":"Analysis on operation value of grid integrated wind power considering system frequency regulation demand","authors":"Li Lin, Xiaoyu Li, Wenxia Li, Xiangshi Liu, Lang Xu","doi":"10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303154","url":null,"abstract":"With the steadily increasing penetration of wind power into the grid, wind power is likely to displace the output of some thermal units and this can result in a reduction in fuel consumption and harmful emissions. On the other hand, due to the volatility of wind power, it brings great influences to power system frequency-regulating. Then, considering of the demand of system frequency-regulating, this paper focus on studying the changes of system reserve after wind generation participating in system frequency-regulating. And on this basis, the expressions of operation value of grid integrated wind power is obtained, considering of generating revenue, generating cost, ancillary service costs, environmental benefits and other factors. Then through the simulation of an actual power system, the method is verified to be useful and the influence on the operation value of grid integrated wind power whether wind farms participate in the grid frequency-regulating or not is studied. At last, it's concluded that the operation value of grid integrated wind power can be increased when wind farms participate in the grid frequency-regulating.","PeriodicalId":330758,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115077251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303108
S. Kuruppu, N. A. Kulatunga
Smart meters and related technologies are becoming a noteworthy aspect of residential electrical power systems as proper energy feedback can result in significant energy savings. Smart meters also facilitate implementation of “time of use” (TOU) pricing for the residential sector. Results of Advanced Meter Infrastructure (AMI) pilot studies reveal that it is possible to save 12-15 % of energy saving and maximum demand shifting to low peak time when appliance specific disintegrated real-time energy feedback is provided to consumers or controllers. With current technology, appliance level detection requires costly hardware installation and is quite impossible to deploy in large scale AMIs. It would be much more cost effective to predict appliance level consumption using smart meters already installed in premises. However, smart meter has only one current transducer per phase, rendering appliance usage detection challenging. This paper proposes an algorithm which can be performed on the data collected by the smart meter and a real-world example of its application.
{"title":"Smart meter based non-intrusive appliance detection algorithm for local real time feedback purposes","authors":"S. Kuruppu, N. A. Kulatunga","doi":"10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303108","url":null,"abstract":"Smart meters and related technologies are becoming a noteworthy aspect of residential electrical power systems as proper energy feedback can result in significant energy savings. Smart meters also facilitate implementation of “time of use” (TOU) pricing for the residential sector. Results of Advanced Meter Infrastructure (AMI) pilot studies reveal that it is possible to save 12-15 % of energy saving and maximum demand shifting to low peak time when appliance specific disintegrated real-time energy feedback is provided to consumers or controllers. With current technology, appliance level detection requires costly hardware installation and is quite impossible to deploy in large scale AMIs. It would be much more cost effective to predict appliance level consumption using smart meters already installed in premises. However, smart meter has only one current transducer per phase, rendering appliance usage detection challenging. This paper proposes an algorithm which can be performed on the data collected by the smart meter and a real-world example of its application.","PeriodicalId":330758,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116041530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303326
M. Ding, Bo Wang, Zhong Chen, Zinian Chen, Yaqiao Luo, Guoqiang Zheng
To eliminate the instabilities in renewable energy generations such as wind and PV systems, which are mainly caused by weather factors, this paper presents a concept of complementary battery-supercapacitor energy storage system. The power deviations between the output of renewable system and a given power generation plan can be smoothed by this complementary system. To coordinate the different storage types effectively, a control strategy is given based on floating average method. Further, modeling methodologies and numerical simulations are correspondingly conducted to verify the effectiveness of the control strategy. Results show that, compared with single battery energy storage system, the complementary storage system can give full play to the high-power advantage of supercapacitor and the energy availability of battery respectively. This concept and its modeling can be used to relieve operating pressure of the single battery storage system when high power fluctuations come cross.
{"title":"Stabilizing control strategy of complementary energy storage in renewable energy system","authors":"M. Ding, Bo Wang, Zhong Chen, Zinian Chen, Yaqiao Luo, Guoqiang Zheng","doi":"10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303326","url":null,"abstract":"To eliminate the instabilities in renewable energy generations such as wind and PV systems, which are mainly caused by weather factors, this paper presents a concept of complementary battery-supercapacitor energy storage system. The power deviations between the output of renewable system and a given power generation plan can be smoothed by this complementary system. To coordinate the different storage types effectively, a control strategy is given based on floating average method. Further, modeling methodologies and numerical simulations are correspondingly conducted to verify the effectiveness of the control strategy. Results show that, compared with single battery energy storage system, the complementary storage system can give full play to the high-power advantage of supercapacitor and the energy availability of battery respectively. This concept and its modeling can be used to relieve operating pressure of the single battery storage system when high power fluctuations come cross.","PeriodicalId":330758,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116240062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303221
Yiqing Liu, Houlei Gao, Naiyong Li, Xinyue Wei, Xiuguang Wang
110kV Pingyin substation of Shandong Electric Power Corporation has reconstructed recently under the requirements of typical intelligent substation. Different from implementing new intelligent substations, intelligent reconstruction of conventional substation faces much more technical and economic issues. The project adopts three-layer network architecture, including process level, bay level and station level. To share the information of SV (Sampled Values) and GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event), the project combines peer-to-peer mode and network mode at process level. In this substation, conventional instrument transformers and traditional primary equipment are reserved entirely, but the reconstruction realizes digital processing of data collection by MU (Merging Unit) and controls circuit breaker by IT (Intelligent Terminal). The transformer intelligent terminal partially substitutes for intelligent primary equipment, which is responsible for monitoring and controlling the power transformer. To avoid an increase in the number of secondary equipment, a distributed configuration scheme is put forward using the IED (Intelligent Electronic Device) with integrated functions of process-level and bay-level. Finally the paper discusses the technical features and implementation scheme of the project, and sums up the design principle, equipment configuration and process-level communication during intelligent reconstruction of conventional substation.
{"title":"A solution for intelligent reconstruction of 110kV Pingyin substation","authors":"Yiqing Liu, Houlei Gao, Naiyong Li, Xinyue Wei, Xiuguang Wang","doi":"10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303221","url":null,"abstract":"110kV Pingyin substation of Shandong Electric Power Corporation has reconstructed recently under the requirements of typical intelligent substation. Different from implementing new intelligent substations, intelligent reconstruction of conventional substation faces much more technical and economic issues. The project adopts three-layer network architecture, including process level, bay level and station level. To share the information of SV (Sampled Values) and GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event), the project combines peer-to-peer mode and network mode at process level. In this substation, conventional instrument transformers and traditional primary equipment are reserved entirely, but the reconstruction realizes digital processing of data collection by MU (Merging Unit) and controls circuit breaker by IT (Intelligent Terminal). The transformer intelligent terminal partially substitutes for intelligent primary equipment, which is responsible for monitoring and controlling the power transformer. To avoid an increase in the number of secondary equipment, a distributed configuration scheme is put forward using the IED (Intelligent Electronic Device) with integrated functions of process-level and bay-level. Finally the paper discusses the technical features and implementation scheme of the project, and sums up the design principle, equipment configuration and process-level communication during intelligent reconstruction of conventional substation.","PeriodicalId":330758,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"304 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116463864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303344
Bai Di, Liu Li, Yu Hui
Propose a solution containing distributed power distribution network reconfiguration method, the method with the minimum network loss as objective, the capacity to determine the optimum islanding system, and the remaining network reconstruction, to achieve minimum power load and less power loss. According to the reconstruction of the switch impact factor, correction of islanding scheme, thereby obtaining the network optimization. The calculation results show that the method of multiple distributed power distribution network fault recovery correctness.
{"title":"Containing a plurality of distributed power distribution network reconfiguration","authors":"Bai Di, Liu Li, Yu Hui","doi":"10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303344","url":null,"abstract":"Propose a solution containing distributed power distribution network reconfiguration method, the method with the minimum network loss as objective, the capacity to determine the optimum islanding system, and the remaining network reconstruction, to achieve minimum power load and less power loss. According to the reconstruction of the switch impact factor, correction of islanding scheme, thereby obtaining the network optimization. The calculation results show that the method of multiple distributed power distribution network fault recovery correctness.","PeriodicalId":330758,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114260152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303357
D. Saxena, S. Singh, K. Verma
This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of S-transform in detecting and classifying multiple/composite power quality (PQ) events compared to the discrete wavelet transform for the accuracy of tracking the amplitude and frequency changes. Five different types of multiple/composite disturbance signals are considered, in this paper, including harmonics with voltage sag, harmonics with voltage swell, impulsive transient with harmonics, harmonics with notches, harmonics with voltage sag corrupted with noise. Analysis of different multiple PQ events to extract the quantitative features like time, frequency and amplitude of each disturbance clearly shows that the S-transform method is insensitive to noise and proves to be more accurate and effective as compared to wavelet transform.
{"title":"Analysis of composite power quality events using s-transform","authors":"D. Saxena, S. Singh, K. Verma","doi":"10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303357","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of S-transform in detecting and classifying multiple/composite power quality (PQ) events compared to the discrete wavelet transform for the accuracy of tracking the amplitude and frequency changes. Five different types of multiple/composite disturbance signals are considered, in this paper, including harmonics with voltage sag, harmonics with voltage swell, impulsive transient with harmonics, harmonics with notches, harmonics with voltage sag corrupted with noise. Analysis of different multiple PQ events to extract the quantitative features like time, frequency and amplitude of each disturbance clearly shows that the S-transform method is insensitive to noise and proves to be more accurate and effective as compared to wavelet transform.","PeriodicalId":330758,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129579100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-21DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303307
Bian Baoyin, T. Xiaojun, Huang Xin
This paper describes the current Smart high voltage substation where Merging Units and other protection devices require high-precision time synchronization, and analyzes the time synchronization significant role in the Smart substation. With the expansion of the IEC 61850 standard in Smart substation automation applying, the IEEE 1588 which can achieve sub-microsecond level of accuracy seems to be a promising way to satisfy the synchronization requirements of Smart substation. The authors provide brief introduction to the time synchronization of Smart substation, then provide details of IEEE 1588 standard for precise time synchronization and describe the potential risks of the IEEE 1588 time synchronization system implemented in the Smart high voltage substation, and finally make a thorough research of the improved methods that have successfully applied in a 330kV Smart substation in the northwestern province of China.
{"title":"Risk analysis and research based on IEEE 1588 in Smart high voltage substation","authors":"Bian Baoyin, T. Xiaojun, Huang Xin","doi":"10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-ASIA.2012.6303307","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the current Smart high voltage substation where Merging Units and other protection devices require high-precision time synchronization, and analyzes the time synchronization significant role in the Smart substation. With the expansion of the IEC 61850 standard in Smart substation automation applying, the IEEE 1588 which can achieve sub-microsecond level of accuracy seems to be a promising way to satisfy the synchronization requirements of Smart substation. The authors provide brief introduction to the time synchronization of Smart substation, then provide details of IEEE 1588 standard for precise time synchronization and describe the potential risks of the IEEE 1588 time synchronization system implemented in the Smart high voltage substation, and finally make a thorough research of the improved methods that have successfully applied in a 330kV Smart substation in the northwestern province of China.","PeriodicalId":330758,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129431515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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