In this paper we discuss an approach for linking GUI specifications to more abstract dialogue models and supporting an evolutionary design process. These specifications are linked to task models describing behavioural characteristics. First prototypes of interactive systems are interactively generated. The automatically generated XUL specifications are refined using a GUI editor, which allows replacing of user interface elements by other elements or components. Components are predesigned parts of user interfaces, and could optionally be parameterised. This enables us to support GUI design using patterns.For illustration we are going to show a design cycle from task model to abstract user interfaces and finally to a concrete user interface. The design process is supported by patterns.Additionally, a proposal is presented of how to keep connections between concrete user interface (CUI), abstract user interface (AUI) and a task model. These connections can be used to propagate changes in a task model or an AUI only to affected parts of a CUI, instead of recreating the whole CUI after a modification has been done.In this paper we primarily focus on deletion, moving and adding tasks to an AUI and the implication of these procedures to a CUI. More complicated problems like splitting or merging of tasks are not addressed in this paper.The avoiding of unnecessary recreation processes for a CUI can reduce the amount of time and work needed in model-driven software development.
{"title":"Linking GUI elements to tasks: supporting an evolutionary design process","authors":"A. Wolff, P. Forbrig, Anke Dittmar, D. Reichart","doi":"10.1145/1122935.1122941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1122935.1122941","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we discuss an approach for linking GUI specifications to more abstract dialogue models and supporting an evolutionary design process. These specifications are linked to task models describing behavioural characteristics. First prototypes of interactive systems are interactively generated. The automatically generated XUL specifications are refined using a GUI editor, which allows replacing of user interface elements by other elements or components. Components are predesigned parts of user interfaces, and could optionally be parameterised. This enables us to support GUI design using patterns.For illustration we are going to show a design cycle from task model to abstract user interfaces and finally to a concrete user interface. The design process is supported by patterns.Additionally, a proposal is presented of how to keep connections between concrete user interface (CUI), abstract user interface (AUI) and a task model. These connections can be used to propagate changes in a task model or an AUI only to affected parts of a CUI, instead of recreating the whole CUI after a modification has been done.In this paper we primarily focus on deletion, moving and adding tasks to an AUI and the implication of these procedures to a CUI. More complicated problems like splitting or merging of tasks are not addressed in this paper.The avoiding of unnecessary recreation processes for a CUI can reduce the amount of time and work needed in model-driven software development.","PeriodicalId":330928,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Task Models and Diagrams for User Interface Design","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129435925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Eduardo Caminha Lopes Rodrigues, B. Lula, Pablo Ribeiro Suárez
Model-based User Interface (UI) development represents a significant evolution in the process of UI Design. Most of currently model-based methodologies start the acquisition process of the interaction description (concrete models) from the task, domain and user descriptions (abstract models). This is basically a process of elicitation and mapping of elements of a model in another one. The major drawback concerning this approach is the lack of definitions of appropriate mechanisms that automatically promote the actualization of the abstract models (source) facing modifications of the concrete models (target). Such lack of actualization introduces inconsistencies between the different models and makes it difficult and even impossible to create the final user interface by doing several iterations over the models being used. In this paper we have proposed mechanisms of maintenance of the consistency between interaction and task models within an UI design environment, MEDITE+. A script model that is intermediate between the model of the task and the model of the interaction supports the definition of these mechanisms. The effects in the involved models using these mechanisms are shown in practical examples.
{"title":"Using a script model to preserve the consistency within an UI design environment","authors":"Carlos Eduardo Caminha Lopes Rodrigues, B. Lula, Pablo Ribeiro Suárez","doi":"10.1145/1122935.1122963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1122935.1122963","url":null,"abstract":"Model-based User Interface (UI) development represents a significant evolution in the process of UI Design. Most of currently model-based methodologies start the acquisition process of the interaction description (concrete models) from the task, domain and user descriptions (abstract models). This is basically a process of elicitation and mapping of elements of a model in another one. The major drawback concerning this approach is the lack of definitions of appropriate mechanisms that automatically promote the actualization of the abstract models (source) facing modifications of the concrete models (target). Such lack of actualization introduces inconsistencies between the different models and makes it difficult and even impossible to create the final user interface by doing several iterations over the models being used. In this paper we have proposed mechanisms of maintenance of the consistency between interaction and task models within an UI design environment, MEDITE+. A script model that is intermediate between the model of the task and the model of the interaction supports the definition of these mechanisms. The effects in the involved models using these mechanisms are shown in practical examples.","PeriodicalId":330928,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Task Models and Diagrams for User Interface Design","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126241441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we describe how the identification of usability tasks in the task model as an early consideration of usability in the process can directly influence the design of usable User Interfaces (UI). We intend to make system analysts and UI designers work and communicate better by sharing artifacts, thus providing a process that aims at the integration of professionals working with a productive process in order to develop UIs with usability.
{"title":"From usability tasks to usable user interfaces","authors":"K. Sousa, E. Furtado","doi":"10.1145/1122935.1122956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1122935.1122956","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we describe how the identification of usability tasks in the task model as an early consideration of usability in the process can directly influence the design of usable User Interfaces (UI). We intend to make system analysts and UI designers work and communicate better by sharing artifacts, thus providing a process that aims at the integration of professionals working with a productive process in order to develop UIs with usability.","PeriodicalId":330928,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Task Models and Diagrams for User Interface Design","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126017056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents an approach of generating the user interface from the task model. Our work is situated in the course of approaches based on models. This approach called TOOD (Task Object Oriented Design) is based on a formal notation, which gives quantitative results that may be checked by designers and provide the possibility of performing mathematical verifications on the models. The modelling formalism is based on the joint use of the object approach and high level Petri nets. The TOOD method integrates different models (task model, user model, local model of the interface, abstract model of the interface, and model of the implementation) and their relations. An example, extracted from the air traffic control, is presented to illustrate TOOD methodology.
{"title":"Towards a user interface generation approach based on object oriented design and task model","authors":"A. Mahfoudhi, Mohamed Abid, M. Abed","doi":"10.1145/1122935.1122962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1122935.1122962","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an approach of generating the user interface from the task model. Our work is situated in the course of approaches based on models. This approach called TOOD (Task Object Oriented Design) is based on a formal notation, which gives quantitative results that may be checked by designers and provide the possibility of performing mathematical verifications on the models. The modelling formalism is based on the joint use of the object approach and high level Petri nets. The TOOD method integrates different models (task model, user model, local model of the interface, abstract model of the interface, and model of the implementation) and their relations. An example, extracted from the air traffic control, is presented to illustrate TOOD methodology.","PeriodicalId":330928,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Task Models and Diagrams for User Interface Design","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126877080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a grafical notation to represent human interaction engaged in an asynchronous learning networks in the processes of continuous formation. This research contemplates a part-time in-class course for mathematics teachers, showing the use of technology in class. This paper presents a framework showing that all human activity is mediated by artifacts and/or by the actions of the other members of the community. It describes one of the activities and presents the structures identified through the interaction between instructors and teachers mediated by a mailing list. The results appoint to features that aid to comprehend an asynchronous activity structure
{"title":"Analysis of activity structure in the asynchronous education process via mailing list","authors":"Flávia Veloso de Souza, A. S. Gomes","doi":"10.1145/1122935.1122949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1122935.1122949","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a grafical notation to represent human interaction engaged in an asynchronous learning networks in the processes of continuous formation. This research contemplates a part-time in-class course for mathematics teachers, showing the use of technology in class. This paper presents a framework showing that all human activity is mediated by artifacts and/or by the actions of the other members of the community. It describes one of the activities and presents the structures identified through the interaction between instructors and teachers mediated by a mailing list. The results appoint to features that aid to comprehend an asynchronous activity structure","PeriodicalId":330928,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Task Models and Diagrams for User Interface Design","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127210371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
So far the field of model based user interface development has focused mostly on the usage of one device, such as a Personal Computer, by one person. New interaction techniques emerge in which the user interacts with the surrounding world while using the mobile phone as a mediator for physical interactions and as communication tool to interact with services and other users. Here several devices or physical elements are used for input and output, and more than one user might be involved. These new settings require description models to support the analysis, design and implementation of systems that take such interaction techniques into account. We present the new UML 2.0 Physical User Interface Profile (PUIP) that is based on the UML 2.0 Profile for Context-Sensitive User Interface (CUP, [24]) to support the modelling of this kind of interactions. We show the feasibility of our approach through the modelling of an existing physical mobile interaction and discuss its suitability.
{"title":"The physical user interface profile (PUIP): modelling mobile interactions with the real world","authors":"E. Rukzio, Andreas Pleuß, Lucia Terrenghi","doi":"10.1145/1122935.1122954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1122935.1122954","url":null,"abstract":"So far the field of model based user interface development has focused mostly on the usage of one device, such as a Personal Computer, by one person. New interaction techniques emerge in which the user interacts with the surrounding world while using the mobile phone as a mediator for physical interactions and as communication tool to interact with services and other users. Here several devices or physical elements are used for input and output, and more than one user might be involved. These new settings require description models to support the analysis, design and implementation of systems that take such interaction techniques into account. We present the new UML 2.0 Physical User Interface Profile (PUIP) that is based on the UML 2.0 Profile for Context-Sensitive User Interface (CUP, [24]) to support the modelling of this kind of interactions. We show the feasibility of our approach through the modelling of an existing physical mobile interaction and discuss its suitability.","PeriodicalId":330928,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Task Models and Diagrams for User Interface Design","volume":"271 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121358204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a novel visualization for ACT-R/PM models of cognitive processes to support the model development. Because the underlying production system paradigm does not specify an explicit flow of control, it is rather difficult to grasp the structure of this kind of user models. Therefore, we developed an algorithm that analyzes the interdependencies of ACT-R/PM productions by resembling the main parts of the matching process of the production cycle. The algorithm produces a graph with nodes as specifications of the state of the declarative memory and edges as productions which are applicable in these states. States are generalized to reduce the complexity of the control flow. The graph is transformed into a state-chart like visual representation. Goal oriented behavior with sub-goaling is considered with subgraphs. The algorithm is implemented as a plug-in for the integrated development environment eclipse.
{"title":"State chart visualization of the control flow within an ACT-R/PM user model","authors":"L. Urbas, L. Nekrasova, S. Leuchter","doi":"10.1145/1122935.1122944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1122935.1122944","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel visualization for ACT-R/PM models of cognitive processes to support the model development. Because the underlying production system paradigm does not specify an explicit flow of control, it is rather difficult to grasp the structure of this kind of user models. Therefore, we developed an algorithm that analyzes the interdependencies of ACT-R/PM productions by resembling the main parts of the matching process of the production cycle. The algorithm produces a graph with nodes as specifications of the state of the declarative memory and edges as productions which are applicable in these states. States are generalized to reduce the complexity of the control flow. The graph is transformed into a state-chart like visual representation. Goal oriented behavior with sub-goaling is considered with subgraphs. The algorithm is implemented as a plug-in for the integrated development environment eclipse.","PeriodicalId":330928,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Task Models and Diagrams for User Interface Design","volume":"240 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114673747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Users tend to learn and use system functions and mechanisms through interacting with devices without referring to manuals or task instructions. In this exploratory behavior, a user's non-planned, opportunistic interaction activity is guided by the user's current knowledge and the system's responses. The user's interaction reasoning is bidirectional, including both top-down and bottom-up search processes. A top-down search is usually task-based and a bottom-up search is predominantly device-oriented. In this paper, we probe a method of cognitive modeling to account for the user's exploratory behavior. This cognitive model includes the user's prior knowledge of declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge, and meta-knowledge. Declarative knowledge concerns the characteristics and structures of tasks and interfaces. Procedural knowledge more directly affects the selection of the operations and sequences during exploration. Meta-knowledge is the knowledge that guides the use of the user's task knowledge and interface knowledge. Through user observations, we analyzed users' opportunistic behavior while interacting with two convergence devices, and elicited the users' prior knowledge utilized during the exploration.
{"title":"A cognitive modeling of the user's exploratory behavior with prior knowledge","authors":"Neung Eun Kang, W. Yoon","doi":"10.1145/1122935.1122943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1122935.1122943","url":null,"abstract":"Users tend to learn and use system functions and mechanisms through interacting with devices without referring to manuals or task instructions. In this exploratory behavior, a user's non-planned, opportunistic interaction activity is guided by the user's current knowledge and the system's responses. The user's interaction reasoning is bidirectional, including both top-down and bottom-up search processes. A top-down search is usually task-based and a bottom-up search is predominantly device-oriented. In this paper, we probe a method of cognitive modeling to account for the user's exploratory behavior. This cognitive model includes the user's prior knowledge of declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge, and meta-knowledge. Declarative knowledge concerns the characteristics and structures of tasks and interfaces. Procedural knowledge more directly affects the selection of the operations and sequences during exploration. Meta-knowledge is the knowledge that guides the use of the user's task knowledge and interface knowledge. Through user observations, we analyzed users' opportunistic behavior while interacting with two convergence devices, and elicited the users' prior knowledge utilized during the exploration.","PeriodicalId":330928,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Task Models and Diagrams for User Interface Design","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128338055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since mobile devices are expected to become more and more influenced by various kinds of context information in the near future, context needs to be taken into consideration when user interfaces are developed for these systems. When user interfaces are being developed using a model-based approach, developers need to design several models where the aggregate describes the entire user interface. These models tend to be very complex: models for applications where a lot of interaction is required can be huge and are mutually connected. This is in particular the case when external context information can act on the user interface. In this paper we describe a development process for context-aware user interfaces. We focus on the design part of the development process with attention to tool support for constructing, editing and viewing the models.
{"title":"Tool support for designing context-sensitive user interfaces using a model-based approach","authors":"T. Clerckx, F. Winters, K. Coninx","doi":"10.1145/1122935.1122939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1122935.1122939","url":null,"abstract":"Since mobile devices are expected to become more and more influenced by various kinds of context information in the near future, context needs to be taken into consideration when user interfaces are developed for these systems. When user interfaces are being developed using a model-based approach, developers need to design several models where the aggregate describes the entire user interface. These models tend to be very complex: models for applications where a lot of interaction is required can be huge and are mutually connected. This is in particular the case when external context information can act on the user interface. In this paper we describe a development process for context-aware user interfaces. We focus on the design part of the development process with attention to tool support for constructing, editing and viewing the models.","PeriodicalId":330928,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Task Models and Diagrams for User Interface Design","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128407630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandre Demeure, Gaëlle Calvary, Jean-Sébastien Sottet, J. Vanderdonckt
This paper proposes a reference model for classifying about different types of Distributed User Interfaces (DUIs) so that one could reason about their types: mouldable, distributable, and migratable UIs. The reference model explicitly captures concepts subject to distribution at different levels of abstraction (tasks, concepts, abstract UI, concrete UI, and deployed UI) so as to provide designers with a specification mechanism that enables them to express distribution. Some representative types of distributed UI are expressed according to the reference model to exemplify its usage.
{"title":"A reference model for distributed user interfaces","authors":"Alexandre Demeure, Gaëlle Calvary, Jean-Sébastien Sottet, J. Vanderdonckt","doi":"10.1145/1122935.1122952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1122935.1122952","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a reference model for classifying about different types of Distributed User Interfaces (DUIs) so that one could reason about their types: mouldable, distributable, and migratable UIs. The reference model explicitly captures concepts subject to distribution at different levels of abstraction (tasks, concepts, abstract UI, concrete UI, and deployed UI) so as to provide designers with a specification mechanism that enables them to express distribution. Some representative types of distributed UI are expressed according to the reference model to exemplify its usage.","PeriodicalId":330928,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Task Models and Diagrams for User Interface Design","volume":"299 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121264392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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