Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology最新文献

{"title":"Role of the clock gene period in regulating circadian rhythm of courtship vibrations in Nilaparvata lugens","authors":"Qi Wei,&nbsp;Jia-Chun He,&nbsp;Wei-Xia Wang,&nbsp;Feng-Xiang Lai,&nbsp;Pin-Jun Wan,&nbsp;Qiang Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Nilaparvata lugens</em>, the brown planthopper (BPH), is a notorious pest threatening rice production across Asia. The heavy reliance on synthetic insecticides for control has led to resistance and raised ecological concerns. Substrate-borne vibrational communication, integral to species-specific mate recognition systems in insects, presents a potential avenue for pest management through mating disruption. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating vibrational signals in BPH remain poorly understood. In this study, we cloned and analyzed the clock gene <em>period</em> from BPH. The open reading frame of <em>Nlper</em> is 3708 bp, encoding a 1235-amino acid protein with two conserved domains: the Per-ARNT-Sim domain and the Period protein 2/3C-terminal region. It shares a closer evolutionary relationship with <em>Laodelphax striatellus</em> and <em>Frankliniella occidentalis</em>. Spatiotemporal expression analysis showed that <em>Nlper</em> was consistently expressed across all life stages and adult tissues, with the highest levels in macropterous males and male head, respectively. Rhythmic expression exhibited significant circadian oscillations under both light-dark and constant darkness conditions, peaking at 00:00 and reaching a trough at 12:00, with fold changes ranging from 2.47 to 3.39. Moreover, after dsRNA injection, <em>Nlper</em> expression decreased by 77.21%–84.26% from day 2 to day 5, disrupting the circadian oscillation of female vibrational signals (FVS) and causing a significant peak shift, along with a 30.56% reduction in FVS frequency on day 5. These findings underscore the essential role of <em>Nlper</em> in regulating the circadian rhythm of courtship vibrational signals, deepening our understanding of the genetic basis of insect communication and opening new possibilities for innovative pest management approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104250"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Juvenile hormone regulates reproductive diapause through both canonical and noncanonical pathways in the bean bug Riptortus pedestris","authors":"Abdul Hafeez ,&nbsp;Kou Wang ,&nbsp;Wen Liu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Ping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diapause is an adaptive developmental arrest commonly utilized by animals to cope with seasonal changes. Central to this process are hormonal events that bridge photoperiodic cues and physiological changes. In insect reproductive diapause, the absence of juvenile hormone (JH) serves as the primary endocrine event that governs key diapause traits, including ovarian developmental arrest and lipid accumulation. Conventionally, it is believed that the effects of JH are conveyed through the receptor Methoprene-tolerant (Met) and its transcriptional factor Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1). However, our study with the bean bug <em>Riptortus pedestris</em> reveals that JH independently regulates lipid accumulation, bypassing <em>Met</em> and <em>Kr-h1</em> pathways. <em>R. pedestris</em> enters reproduction under long-day (LD) conditions, while diapause occurs under short-day (SD) conditions. Treatment of SD females with the JH mimic methoprene stimulated reproductive activities, enhancing ovary development and reducing lipid accumulation. In contrast, silencing genes essential for JH biosynthesis in LD females led to pronounced diapause characteristics, including ovarian developmental arrest and substantial lipid accumulation. Interestingly, disruptions in the JH action genes, either <em>Met</em> or <em>Kr-h1</em>, solely affected ovary development, leaving lipid accumulation unchanged, indicating an independent pathway for regulating JH in lipid accumulation. This was further confirmed by RNA interference experiments in SD females, where knockdown of <em>Met</em> or <em>Kr-h1</em> did not alter the effects of methoprene on lipid reduction. Collectively, these results suggest that JH controls ovary development through the established Met-Kr-h1 pathway, while it modulates lipid accumulation through an alternative, yet to be identified noncanonical pathway during reproductive diapause in <em>R. pedestris.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nap1 is essential for eupyrene spermatogenesis and migration in Plutella xylostella","authors":"Chenxu Zhu ,&nbsp;Lijun Zhou ,&nbsp;Dongbin Chen ,&nbsp;Xu Yang ,&nbsp;Lu Zhu ,&nbsp;Lansa Qian ,&nbsp;Xiaomiao Xu ,&nbsp;Gangqi Fang ,&nbsp;Awawing A. Andongma ,&nbsp;Yongcheng Dong ,&nbsp;Lin He ,&nbsp;Yongping Huang ,&nbsp;Yaohui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spermatogenesis is a key process for the sexual reproduction species. In lepidopteran insects, spermatogenesis produces two different types of sperms, in which eupyrene sperm carry genomic DNA and fertilize eggs, whereas apyrene sperm are necessary for eupyrene sperm to enter eggs. However, functional genetic studies of spermatogenesis in <em>Plutella xylostella</em> remain a longstanding puzzle even though the phenomenon in lepidoptera has been widely documented more than a century. In this study, we particularly focus on the gene <em>Nap1</em> which belongs to the Nucleosome assembly protein family. Our findings revealed that <em>Nap1</em> was highly expressed in the testes, and the disruption of <em>PxNap1</em> induced male sterility in <em>P. xylostella</em>, while the fertility of mutant females was comparable to wild-type females. Additionally, through immunofluorescence staining analysis, we found that the eupyrene sperm bundles presented diffusedly scattered nuclei in <em>PxNap1</em> mutant males, while the nuclei in the wild-type were clustered together presented as needle shape. We also found that <em>PxNap1</em> deficiency hinders the transfer of eupyrene sperm to the bursa copulatrix and spermatheca of females. However, the apyrene spermatogenesis was not affected in the <em>PxNap1</em> mutant. RNA-seq analyses indicated that the defects of eupyrene sperm in <em>PxNap1</em> mutants were related to energy metabolic such as pentose and glucuronate interconversions, biosynthesis of amino acids, and pentose phosphate pathway. Our study demonstrates that <em>PxNap1</em> plays crucial function in eupyrene spermatogenesis and eupyrene sperm migration. Our research provides valuable insights for the genetic factors underlying reproductive processes in Lepidopteran insects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SYNCAS based CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in predatory mites, whiteflies and stinkbugs","authors":"A. Mocchetti ,&nbsp;S. De Rouck ,&nbsp;S. Naessens,&nbsp;W. Dermauw,&nbsp;T. Van Leeuwen","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the establishment of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing protocols in a wide range of organisms, genetic engineering is still challenging for many organisms due to constraints including lethality of embryo injection, difficulties in egg/embryo collection or viviparous lifestyles. Recently, an efficient CRISPR-Cas9 method, termed SYNCAS, was developed to genetically modify spider mites and thrips species. The method is based on maternal injection of formulated CRISPR-Cas9 using saponin and BAPC. Here, we investigate whether the method can be used to perform gene editing in other arthropods such as the beneficial predatory mites <em>Amblyseius swirskii</em> and <em>Phytoseiulus persimilis</em>, and the pests <em>Bemisia tabaci</em> and <em>Nezara viridula</em>. For the predatory mites, <em>Antp</em> and <em>SLC25A38</em> were used as target genes, while the ortholog of the <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> ABCG transporter <em>white</em> was targeted in <em>B. tabaci</em> and <em>N. viridula</em>. All species were successfully edited with the highest efficiencies (up to 39%) being obtained for <em>B. tabaci</em>. For <em>A. swirskii</em> and <em>P. persimilis</em> no clear phenotypes could be observed, even though SLC25A38 was successfully knocked-out. The lack of a color phenotype in SLC25A38 mutants was confirmed in the spider mite <em>Tetranychus urticae</em>. Disruption of the target gene <em>Antp</em> is likely lethal in predatory mites, as no true null mutants could be recovered. For <em>B. tabaci,</em> KO of <em>white</em> resulted in orange eyes which diverges from the phenotype seen in <em>white</em> mutants of <em>D. melanogaster</em>. In the last species, <em>N. viridula,</em> a single phenotypic mutant could be detected having a patchy white body coloration with wild type eye coloration. Genotyping revealed a single amino acid deletion at the target site, suggesting the creation of a hypomorphic allele. To conclude, the protocols provided in this work can contribute to the genetic study of predatory mites used in biological control, as well as hemipteran pests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104232"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and pharmacological characterization of pH-sensitive chloride channels in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda","authors":"Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Jia-Sheng Chen ,&nbsp;Pei-Yun He ,&nbsp;Mo-Han Zhang ,&nbsp;Hai-Qun Cao ,&nbsp;Subba Reddy Palli ,&nbsp;Cheng-Wang Sheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pH-sensitive chloride channels (pHCls) are unique to invertebrates and play crucial roles in fluid regulation, food selection, and intake. In this study, we identified and isolated two cDNAs encoding the <em>Sf</em>pHCl1 and <em>Sf</em>pHCl2 subunits from the fall armyworm, <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>. Both subunits exhibited similar expression patterns. When expressed in <em>Xenopus laevis</em> oocytes, <em>Sf</em>pHCl1 and <em>Sf</em>pHCl2 formed functional chloride channels with reversal potentials indicative of chloride selectivity. Shifts in extracellular pH from acidic to alkaline conditions induced inward currents in both <em>Sf</em>pHCl1 and <em>Sf</em>pHCl2, with EC₅₀ values of pH 8.24 and 8.49, respectively. Zinc ions (Zn²⁺) and the insecticide emamectin benzoate (EB) also activated concentration-dependent inward currents in these channels, whether expressed individually or co-expressed. Notably, <em>Sf</em>pHCl1 and <em>Sf</em>pHCl2 channels exhibited significant differences in their activation and deactivation time constants. These findings elucidate the biophysical and pharmacological characteristics of pH-sensitive, zinc-gated chloride channels, which, being exclusive to invertebrates, present a promising target for the development of highly specific insecticides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expansion of three types of transposon superfamilies within 25 Mya lead to large genome size of a rice insect pest","authors":"Bingbing He ,&nbsp;Yuyang Cong ,&nbsp;Le Xu ,&nbsp;Ying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The brown planthoppers (BPH, <em>Nilaparvata lugens)</em>, white backed planthopper (WBPH, <em>Sogatella furcifera</em>) and small brown planthopper (SBPH, <em>Laodelphax striatellus</em>) are widely distributed rice insect pests, causing huge annual yield loss of rice production. Though these three planthoppers belong to the same family, Delphacidae of Hemiptera, their genome sizes (GS) are very different, ranging from 541 to 1088 Mb. To uncover the main factors driving GS changes of three planthoppers, we first estimated the GS of their ancestor Fulgoroidea, to be 794.33 Mb, indicating GS expansion in BPH but contraction in SBPH and WBPH. Next, we identified repetitive sequences and compared the TE landscapes, showed that three types of transposon superfamilies, hAT, Tc1-Mariner and Gypsy, expanded within 25 Mya in BPH. In addition, BPH kept ancient TEs of Fulgoroidea dated back to 175 Mya, while SBPH and WBPH have lost most of these ancient TEs. Here, we present evidence that the gain of recently expanded TEs driving the GS expansion and loss of ancient TEs leading to the GS contraction, providing new insights into the mechanism of GS variation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Tektin 4-like gene (TEKT4L) causes male sterility of Cydia pomonella","authors":"Zihan Wei ,&nbsp;Chang Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuntong Lv ,&nbsp;Yuting Li ,&nbsp;Ping Gao ,&nbsp;Xueqing Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a well-established and environmentally benign method for population control. Identifying genes that regulate insect fertility while preserving growth and development is crucial for implementing a novel SIT-based pest management approach utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 to target these genes for genetic manipulation. Tektin (TEKT), an essential alpha-helical protein pivotal in sperm formation due to its role in cilia and flagella assembly, has garnered attention. In this study, we identified 7 TEKT genes in the testis of <em>Cydia pomonella</em>, a globally invasive fruit pest. Notably, <em>Tektin4-like</em> (<em>TEKT4L</em>) displayed the highest expression level in male adult especially the testes, suggesting its significance in reproductive processes. By utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knockout <em>TEKT4L</em>, male sterility was induced, showcasing dominant inherited. When wild-type (WT) females mated with TEKT4L^−/− males, eggs laying proceeded normally, but the hatching rate was dramatically reduced, with only 15.49% progressing to the eyespot stage and 68.86% failing to develop normally. The reproductive fitness of TEKT4L^−/− males was robust enough to facilitate the transmission of genetic modifications efficiently within the <em>C.pomonella</em> population, yielding a small number of viable offspring. Subsequent cage trials demonstrated the effectiveness of this population in suppressing laboratory populations of <em>C.pomonella</em>, achieving notable results with a relatively low release ratio (TEKT4L^−/−<em>♂</em>: WT<em>♂</em>: WT<em>♀</em> = 5:1:5). Consequently, the targeted disruption of the <em>TEKT4L</em> gene holds promise as a fundamental element in a novel pest control strategy against <em>C. pomonella</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CLIPA protein pairs function as cofactors for prophenoloxidase activation in Anopheles gambiae","authors":"Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Qiao Jin ,&nbsp;Michael R. Kanost ,&nbsp;Haobo Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insect prophenoloxidases (proPO) are activated during immune responses by a proPO activating protease (PAP) in the presence of a high molecular weight cofactor assembled from <strong>s</strong>erine <strong>p</strong>rotease <strong>h</strong>omologs (SPH) that lack proteolytic activity. PAPs and the SPHs have a similar architecture, with an amino-terminal clip domain and a carboxyl-terminal protease domain. The SPHs belong to CLIPA subfamily of SP-related proteins. In <em>Manduca sexta</em>, a well characterized biochemical model system for insect immunity, the functional SPH cofactor contains one molecule each from two SPH subfamilies, SPH-I and SPH-II. In <em>Anopheles gambiae</em>, three SPHI-SPHII pairs (CLIPs A4-A6, A4-A7Δ, and A4-A12) were previously reported as cofactors for CLIPB9-mediated activation of proPO2 and proPO7. In this study, we produced recombinant proteins for two splicing variants of CLIPA7, proCLIPA7s (s for short), proCLIPA7f (f for full-length) and proCLIPA14. We cleaved each along with proCLIPA4 using <em>M. sexta</em> PAP3 and found that the CLIPA pairs A4-A7s and A4-A14 are better than A4-A7f in generating highly active PO2 or PO7. CLIPA7f and CLIPA7s, products of alternative splicing, have different strengths as cofactors in combination with CLIPA4. Because mRNA for CLIPA7f is expressed at a significantly higher level than CLIPA7s, cofactors with the weaker combination A4-A7f may predominate in hemolymph, resulting in a potential dampening effect on proPO activation as a regulatory mechanism for altering the strength of the melanization response. <em>A. gambiae</em> CLIPB10x_a is involved in proPO activation but its role as a PAP was not established using mosquito proPOs. Here we showed that factor Xa-treated proCLIPB10_Xa activated proCLIPs A7s, A7f, A14, A4 (poorly), and proPO2. At higher concentrations, CLIPB10x_a efficiently activated proPO2 in the absence of a cofactor, but at low concentrations it required a CLIPA cofactor, suggesting that highly active PO2 can be generated at low concentration of CLIPB10 in cooperation with an SPH cofactor <em>in vivo</em>. Using cofactors generated by PAP3, we demonstrated the order of efficacy for proPO2 activation by B10_Xa is A4-A6 &gt; A4-A14 or A4-A7s &gt; A4-A7f &gt; A4-A12. This agrees with their relative strengths as cofactors for proPO2 and proPO7 activation by <em>M. sexta</em> PAP3. In summary, we further developed an <em>in vitro</em> assay system to elucidate biochemical details of the complex process of proPO activation in <em>A. gambiae</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104254"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Troponin C is required for copulation and ovulation in Nilaparvata lugens","authors":"Luyao Peng ,&nbsp;Cui Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinjin Ren ,&nbsp;Yaxin Liu ,&nbsp;Yanyuan Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Troponin C (TnC) is a calcium-binding subunit of the troponin complex that regulates muscle contraction in animals. However, the physiological roles of TnC, especially in insect development and reproduction, remain largely unknown. We identified seven <em>TnC</em> genes encoding four EF-hand motif protein in the rice pest, the brown planthopper <em>Nilaparvata lugens.</em> This species has emerged as an ideal model insect to study gene functions because of the availability of its complete genome sequence and of the susceptibility to RNA interference (RNAi). RT-qPCR combined with <em>in situ</em> hybridization showed that <em>TnCⅠ</em> was highly expressed in the bursa copulatrix of ovaries. RNAi-mediated knockdown of <em>TnCⅠ</em> in 2nd-to 5th-instar nymphs generated significantly lethal deficits, and also led to copulation and ovulation failure in adult females, although males displayed appropriate mating behavior. These new findings provide insights into understanding the physiological functions of <em>TnCⅠ</em> in the survival of, and female reproductive success, in <em>N. lugens.</em> Thus, this gene could be used as a target to explore methods for pest control of this important species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142997496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentially spliced mitochondrial CYP419A1 contributes to ethiprole resistance in Nilaparvata lugens","authors":"B. Zeng ,&nbsp;A.J. Hayward ,&nbsp;A. Pym ,&nbsp;A. Duarte ,&nbsp;W.T. Garrood ,&nbsp;S-F Wu ,&nbsp;C-F Gao ,&nbsp;C. Zimmer ,&nbsp;M. Mallott ,&nbsp;T.G.E. Davies ,&nbsp;R. Nauen ,&nbsp;C. Bass ,&nbsp;B.J. Troczka","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The brown planthopper <em>Nilaparvata lugens</em> is one of the most economically important pests of cultivated rice in Southeast Asia. Extensive use of insecticide treatments, such as imidacloprid, fipronil and ethiprole, has resulted in the emergence of multiple resistant strains of <em>N. lugens</em>. Previous investigation of the mechanisms of resistance to imidacloprid and ethiprole demonstrated that overexpression and qualitative changes in the cytochrome P450 gene <em>CYP6ER1</em> lead to enhanced metabolic detoxification of these compounds. Here, we present the identification of a secondary mechanism enhancing ethiprole resistance mediated by differential splicing and overexpression of CYP419A1, a planthopper-specific, mitochondrial P450 gene. Although metabolic resistance to insecticides is usually mediated by overexpression of P450 genes belonging to either CYP 3 or 4 clades, we validate the protective effect of over-expression of CYP419A1, <em>in vivo,</em> using transgenic <em>Drosophila melanogaster.</em> Additionally, we report some unusual features of both the CYP419A1 gene locus and protein, which include, altered splicing associated with resistance, a non-canonical heme-binding motif and an extreme 5’ end extension of the open reading frame. These results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underpinning resistance to insecticides and have applied implications for the control of a highly damaging crop pest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104260"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}