Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology最新文献_第5页

Limited association of m6A RNA modification with post-transcriptional regulation during honeybee caste differentiation 蜜蜂等级分化过程中m6A RNA修饰与转录后调控的有限关联。

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104446

Chen Yang , Yu Zhu He , Yu Xiang Wang , Xing Chao Yan , Xu Han , Zhi Jiang Zeng , Xu Jiang He

Honeybee caste differentiation is a prime example of phenotypic plasticity in eusocial insects and serves as a valuable model for epigenetic studies. Various epigenetic modifications such as non-coding RNAs and histone modifications, have been implicated in caste differentiation. However, the role of some epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation still remains controversial. Similarly, mRNA m⁶A modification has been suggested to participate in honeybee caste differentiation. Here we used Oxford Nanopore technology to compare m⁶A modifications in 2d, 4d, and 6d queen and worker larvae. Our data indicated that m⁶A modification is unlikely to exert a direct role in the caste differentiation at the developmental stages examed in this study. We identified 363, 1074, and 1000 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in 2d, 4d, and 6d queen-worker larval comparisons, respectively, 74 of which were mapped in seven key KEGG pathways (e.g., mTOR, Notch, FoxO, MAPK, Wnt, Hippo, Hedgehog) associated with honeybee caste differentiation. In contrast, only 16, 39, and 11 differentially m⁶A-modified transcripts (m⁶A-DMTs) were found in the 2d, 4d and 6d comparisons, with very few m⁶A-DMTs involved in key pathways for caste differentiation. Notably, no correlation was observed between m⁶A modification levels and transcript expression, including DETs and m⁶A-DMTs. The motifs of m⁶A modifications remained unchanged across all three developmental time points. When the original samples were randomly regrouped, the number of m⁶A-DMTs did not change significantly, but the DETs related to caste differentiation were dramatically altered. Therefore, the functional relevance of m⁶A in honeybee caste differentiation is still under debate and requires more comprehensive studies.

蜜蜂等级分化是真群居昆虫表型可塑性的一个主要例子，是表观遗传学研究的一个有价值的模型。各种表观遗传修饰，如非编码rna和组蛋白修饰，都与种姓分化有关。然而，一些表观遗传修饰如DNA甲基化的作用仍然存在争议。同样，mRNA m6A的修饰也被认为参与了蜜蜂等级分化。在这里，我们使用牛津纳米孔技术比较了m6A在第2d、4d和6d的蜂王和工蜂幼虫中的修饰。我们的数据表明，在本研究中，m6A基因的修饰不太可能在发育阶段的种姓分化中发挥直接作用。我们在第2、4和6天的蜂王幼虫比较中分别鉴定出363、1074和1000个差异表达转录本（DETs），其中74个被定位在与蜜蜂等级分化相关的7个关键KEGG通路上（如mTOR、Notch、FoxO、MAPK、Wnt、Hippo、Hedgehog）。相比之下，在第2天、第4天和第6天的比较中，只发现了16、39和11个m6a修饰的差异转录本（m6a - dmt），很少有m6a - dmt参与种姓分化的关键途径。值得注意的是，m6A修饰水平与转录物表达（包括DETs和m6A- dmt）之间没有相关性。m6A修饰的基序在所有三个发育时间点上保持不变。当原始样本随机重组时，m6a - dmt的数量没有显著变化，但与种姓分化相关的det发生了显著变化。因此，m6A在蜜蜂等级分化中的功能相关性仍存在争议，需要更全面的研究。

{"title":"Limited association of m6A RNA modification with post-transcriptional regulation during honeybee caste differentiation","authors":"Chen Yang , Yu Zhu He , Yu Xiang Wang , Xing Chao Yan , Xu Han , Zhi Jiang Zeng , Xu Jiang He","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Honeybee caste differentiation is a prime example of phenotypic plasticity in eusocial insects and serves as a valuable model for epigenetic studies. Various epigenetic modifications such as non-coding RNAs and histone modifications, have been implicated in caste differentiation. However, the role of some epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation still remains controversial. Similarly, mRNA m<sup>6</sup>A modification has been suggested to participate in honeybee caste differentiation. Here we used Oxford Nanopore technology to compare m<sup>6</sup>A modifications in 2d, 4d, and 6d queen and worker larvae. Our data indicated that m<sup>6</sup>A modification is unlikely to exert a direct role in the caste differentiation at the developmental stages examed in this study. We identified 363, 1074, and 1000 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in 2d, 4d, and 6d queen-worker larval comparisons, respectively, 74 of which were mapped in seven key KEGG pathways (e.g., mTOR, Notch, FoxO, MAPK, Wnt, Hippo, Hedgehog) associated with honeybee caste differentiation. In contrast, only 16, 39, and 11 differentially m<sup>6</sup>A-modified transcripts (m<sup>6</sup>A-DMTs) were found in the 2d, 4d and 6d comparisons, with very few m<sup>6</sup>A-DMTs involved in key pathways for caste differentiation. Notably, no correlation was observed between m<sup>6</sup>A modification levels and transcript expression, including DETs and m<sup>6</sup>A-DMTs. The motifs of m<sup>6</sup>A modifications remained unchanged across all three developmental time points. When the original samples were randomly regrouped, the number of m<sup>6</sup>A-DMTs did not change significantly, but the DETs related to caste differentiation were dramatically altered. Therefore, the functional relevance of m<sup>6</sup>A in honeybee caste differentiation is still under debate and requires more comprehensive studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 104446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145522484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The leucokinin pathway regulates honey bee sugar consumption via Piezo 白蛋白途径通过Piezo调节蜜蜂的糖消耗。

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104448

Zhenfang Li, Chengfeng Yang, Yashuai Wu, Xinyue Zhang, Xin Zhou, Shiqi Luo

Nectar serves as the primary carbohydrate source for honey bees, sustaining both individual and colony-wide energy demands. Although nectar from bee-pollinated flowers is rich in sucrose, a preferred sugar for honey bees, the neural mechanisms regulating sucrose intake remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that the leucokinin (LK) neuropeptide and its receptor (LKR) suppress sucrose consumption in worker bees of Apis cerana, as shown through LK supplementation and Lkr RNAi. Gene silencing results revealed that this signaling pathway is inhibited by Lkrial (Lkr Intronic Antisense LncRNA), a novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcribed antisense to the Lkr locus. Furthermore, by using quantitative PCR and RNAi, we showed that Lk/Lkr signaling cascade activates the mechanosensory ion channel Piezo, which acts downstream to suppresses sucrose intake. Collectively, our findings uncover a previously unrecognized regulatory circuit that is essential for the neural control of sucrose consumption and energy acquisition in A. cerana.

花蜜是蜜蜂的主要碳水化合物来源，维持个体和群体的能量需求。虽然蜜蜂授粉的花蜜富含蔗糖，而蔗糖是蜜蜂的首选糖，但调节蔗糖摄入的神经机制仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们通过补充LK和LKR RNAi证明了白细胞分裂素（LK）神经肽及其受体（LKR）抑制蜜蜂工蜂的蔗糖消耗。基因沉默结果表明，Lkrial （Lkr内含反义LncRNA）是一种新型的长链非编码RNA (LncRNA)，可以反义转录到Lkr位点，从而抑制该信号通路。此外，通过定量PCR和RNAi，我们发现Lk/Lkr信号级联激活机械感觉离子通道Piezo，该通道在下游抑制蔗糖摄入。总的来说，我们的发现揭示了一个以前未被认识到的调节回路，它对蜜蜂的蔗糖消耗和能量获取的神经控制至关重要。

{"title":"The leucokinin pathway regulates honey bee sugar consumption via Piezo","authors":"Zhenfang Li, Chengfeng Yang, Yashuai Wu, Xinyue Zhang, Xin Zhou, Shiqi Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nectar serves as the primary carbohydrate source for honey bees, sustaining both individual and colony-wide energy demands. Although nectar from bee-pollinated flowers is rich in sucrose, a preferred sugar for honey bees, the neural mechanisms regulating sucrose intake remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that the leucokinin (LK) neuropeptide and its receptor (LKR) suppress sucrose consumption in worker bees of <em>Apis cerana</em>, as shown through LK supplementation and <em>Lkr</em> RNAi. Gene silencing results revealed that this signaling pathway is inhibited by <em>Lkrial</em> (<em>Lkr</em> Intronic Antisense LncRNA), a novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcribed antisense to the <em>Lkr</em> locus. Furthermore, by using quantitative PCR and RNAi, we showed that <em>Lk/Lkr</em> signaling cascade activates the mechanosensory ion channel <em>Piezo</em>, which acts downstream to suppresses sucrose intake. Collectively, our findings uncover a previously unrecognized regulatory circuit that is essential for the neural control of sucrose consumption and energy acquisition in <em>A. cerana</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 104448"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145511432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of the photoperiod-responsive circadian clock gene period on reproductive diapause in Chrysoperla nipponensis (Okamoto) 光周期响应型生物钟基因周期对日本蚕蛹生殖滞育的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104444

Xue Kong , Dandan Li , Minghui Xu , Shaofeng Zhong , Shaoye Liu , Jeremiah Joe Kabissa , Yongyu Xu , Zhenzhen Chen

Reproductive diapause in insects is a crucial seasonal adaptation, predominantly regulated by photoperiod, with the circadian clock providing the internal time reference to measure day or night length. Despite its importance, the role of core circadian clock genes in photoperiodic responses and reproductive diapause induction remains poorly understood. The green lacewing, Chrysoperla nipponensis, an important predatory natural enemy, undergoes reproductive diapause under short-day (SD) conditions. This study aimed to investigate the role of circadian clock gene period (per) in photoperiod-mediated diapause of C. nipponensis. Firstly, we identified and molecularly characterized per in C. nipponensis. The encoded PER protein contains conserved domains (PAS, PAC, Period_C) and clusters phylogenetically with neuropteran and coleopteran orthologs. Next, we examined the spatiotemporal expression pattern of per, revealing that its expression was significantly influenced by photoperiod. The daily expression pattern of per indicates that it measures night length. Functional RNAi assays demonstrated that per knockdown under diapause-inducing (short-day) conditions upregulated other core clock genes (timeless1, cycle, clock), abolished diapause phenotypes (ovarian arrest, lipid accumulation), and triggered precocious reproduction. Furthermore, transcriptional analysis revealed that per silencing upregulates the core circadian clock gene cry1 as well as 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) signaling genes, and reprograms lipid synthesis and metabolism genes under short-day conditions in C. nipponensis. Overall, these findings establish per as a critical genetic switch linking circadian timing to diapause induction in C. nipponensis, offering new insights into the molecular mechanisms of circadian regulation in seasonal adaptations of natural enemies, with potential applications in biological control of agricultural pests.

昆虫的生殖滞育是一种重要的季节性适应，主要由光周期调节，昼夜节律钟提供了测量昼夜长度的内部时间参考。尽管其重要性，核心生物钟基因在光周期反应和生殖滞育诱导中的作用仍然知之甚少。绿草草（Chrysoperla nipponensis）是一种重要的掠食性天敌，在短日照条件下进行生殖滞育。本研究旨在探讨生物钟基因周期（per）在光周期介导的日本棉铃虫滞育中的作用。首先，我们对日本血吸虫的per进行了鉴定和分子表征。编码的PER蛋白含有保守结构域（PAS， PAC, Period_C），并且在系统发育上与神经翼类和鞘翅类同源。接下来，我们研究了per的时空表达模式，发现其表达受光周期的显著影响，per的日表达模式表明其测量夜长。功能性RNAi分析表明，在滞育诱导（短日）条件下，per基因敲低严重破坏了其他核心时钟基因（无时性、周期、时钟），消除了滞育表型（卵巢停滞、脂质积累），并引发了早熟生殖。此外，转录水平分析显示，per沉默上调了核心生物钟基因和20-羟基脱皮激素（20E）信号基因，并重新编程了短日条件下日本仙子的脂质代谢。综上所述，这些研究结果确立了日本圆叶蝉（C. nipponensis）昼夜节律调控与滞育诱导之间的关键遗传开关，为研究天敌季节适应性昼夜节律调控的分子机制提供了新的思路，在农业害虫的生物防治中具有潜在的应用价值。

{"title":"Impact of the photoperiod-responsive circadian clock gene period on reproductive diapause in Chrysoperla nipponensis (Okamoto)","authors":"Xue Kong , Dandan Li , Minghui Xu , Shaofeng Zhong , Shaoye Liu , Jeremiah Joe Kabissa , Yongyu Xu , Zhenzhen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reproductive diapause in insects is a crucial seasonal adaptation, predominantly regulated by photoperiod, with the circadian clock providing the internal time reference to measure day or night length. Despite its importance, the role of core circadian clock genes in photoperiodic responses and reproductive diapause induction remains poorly understood. The green lacewing, <em>Chrysoperla nipponensis</em>, an important predatory natural enemy, undergoes reproductive diapause under short-day (SD) conditions. This study aimed to investigate the role of circadian clock gene <em>period</em> (<em>per</em>) in photoperiod-mediated diapause of <em>C. nipponensis</em>. Firstly, we identified and molecularly characterized <em>per</em> in <em>C. nipponensis</em>. The encoded PER protein contains conserved domains (PAS, PAC, Period_C) and clusters phylogenetically with neuropteran and coleopteran orthologs. Next, we examined the spatiotemporal expression pattern of <em>per</em>, revealing that its expression was significantly influenced by photoperiod. The daily expression pattern of <em>per</em> indicates that it measures night length. Functional RNAi assays demonstrated that <em>per</em> knockdown under diapause-inducing (short-day) conditions upregulated other core clock genes (<em>timeless1</em>, <em>cycle</em>, <em>clock</em>), abolished diapause phenotypes (ovarian arrest, lipid accumulation), and triggered precocious reproduction. Furthermore, transcriptional analysis revealed that <em>per</em> silencing upregulates the core circadian clock gene <em>cry1</em> as well as 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) signaling genes, and reprograms lipid synthesis and metabolism genes under short-day conditions in <em>C. nipponensis</em>. Overall, these findings establish <em>per</em> as a critical genetic switch linking circadian timing to diapause induction in <em>C. nipponensis</em>, offering new insights into the molecular mechanisms of circadian regulation in seasonal adaptations of natural enemies, with potential applications in biological control of agricultural pests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 104444"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145487347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biotin deficiency bridges metabolic signaling to insecticide sequestration in Nilaparvata lugens 生物素缺乏架起了褐飞虱体内代谢信号与杀虫剂隔离的桥梁。

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104445

Mengqing Deng, Xiyue Xu, Zhiming Yang, Kai Lu

Insecticide resistance poses a critical challenge to global agricultural sustainability. While metabolic detoxification and target-site mutations are well-characterized resistance mechanisms, the role of micronutrient homeostasis remains understudied. This study reveals that biotin deficiency in Nilaparvata lugens drives imidacloprid resistance through a multi-tiered regulatory network coordinating chemosensory protein (CSP) dynamics. Biotin deficiency enhances CSP-mediated insecticide sequestration via high-affinity binding to CSP2, CSP4, CSP7, and CSP15, which are overexpressed in resistant strains. RNA interference and dual-luciferase assays demonstrate that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its nuclear translocator (AhR/ARNT) transcriptionally activate CSP2 and CSP15, with their knockdown partially restoring insecticide susceptibility. Furthermore, biotin deficiency activates reactive oxygen species (ROS)/cap ‘n’ collar C (CncC) signaling, elevating AhR/ARNT expression through transcriptional reprogramming. Yeast three-hybrid assays identify a post-translational regulatory layer, wherein biotin directly inhibits AhR–ARNT heterodimerization. Field-evolved resistant populations recapitulate this mechanism, exhibiting conserved molecular signatures including biotin deficiency, ROS/CncC pathway activation, and AhR/ARNT-CSP overexpression correlated with resistance intensity. These findings establish a unified model wherein biotin scarcity reprograms xenobiotic defense through three synergistic mechanisms: enhanced CSP–insecticide binding, transcriptional amplification via ROS/CncC-AhR/ARNT signaling, and post-translational optimization of transcriptional complexes. The operational conservation of this pathway across laboratory and ecological contexts underscores its evolutionary significance while revealing novel targets for resistance management, particularly biotin-based synergists and AhR dimerization inhibitors.

杀虫剂抗药性对全球农业可持续性构成重大挑战。虽然代谢解毒和靶点突变是抗性机制的特征，但微量营养素稳态的作用仍未得到充分研究。本研究揭示了虫螺生物素缺乏通过协调化学感觉蛋白（CSP）动态的多层调控网络驱动吡虫啉抗性。生物素缺乏通过与抗性菌株中过表达的CSP2、CSP4、CSP7和CSP15的高亲和力结合，增强了csp介导的杀虫剂隔离。RNA干扰和双荧光素酶实验表明，芳烃受体及其核转运子（AhR/ARNT）转录激活CSP2和CSP15，其敲除部分恢复了对杀虫剂的敏感性。此外，生物素缺乏激活活性氧(ROS)/cap 'n' collar C （CncC）信号，通过转录重编程提高AhR/ARNT的表达。酵母三杂交实验鉴定了翻译后调控层，其中生物素直接抑制AhR-ARNT异源二聚化。田间进化的抗性群体概括了这一机制，表现出保守的分子特征，包括生物素缺乏、ROS/CncC途径激活以及与抗性强度相关的AhR/ARNT-CSP过表达。这些发现建立了一个统一的模型，其中生物素稀缺性通过三种协同机制重新编程外源防御：增强csp -杀虫剂结合，通过ROS/ cc - ahr /ARNT信号进行转录扩增，转录复合物的翻译后优化。该途径在实验室和生态环境中的操作保护强调了其进化意义，同时揭示了耐药性管理的新靶点，特别是基于生物素的增效剂和AhR二聚化抑制剂。

{"title":"Biotin deficiency bridges metabolic signaling to insecticide sequestration in Nilaparvata lugens","authors":"Mengqing Deng, Xiyue Xu, Zhiming Yang, Kai Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insecticide resistance poses a critical challenge to global agricultural sustainability. While metabolic detoxification and target-site mutations are well-characterized resistance mechanisms, the role of micronutrient homeostasis remains understudied. This study reveals that biotin deficiency in <em>Nilaparvata lugens</em> drives imidacloprid resistance through a multi-tiered regulatory network coordinating chemosensory protein (CSP) dynamics. Biotin deficiency enhances CSP-mediated insecticide sequestration via high-affinity binding to CSP2, CSP4, CSP7, and CSP15, which are overexpressed in resistant strains. RNA interference and dual-luciferase assays demonstrate that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its nuclear translocator (AhR/ARNT) transcriptionally activate <em>CSP2</em> and <em>CSP15</em>, with their knockdown partially restoring insecticide susceptibility. Furthermore, biotin deficiency activates reactive oxygen species (ROS)/cap ‘n’ collar C (CncC) signaling, elevating <em>AhR/ARNT</em> expression through transcriptional reprogramming. Yeast three-hybrid assays identify a post-translational regulatory layer, wherein biotin directly inhibits AhR–ARNT heterodimerization. Field-evolved resistant populations recapitulate this mechanism, exhibiting conserved molecular signatures including biotin deficiency, ROS/CncC pathway activation, and AhR/ARNT-CSP overexpression correlated with resistance intensity. These findings establish a unified model wherein biotin scarcity reprograms xenobiotic defense through three synergistic mechanisms: enhanced CSP–insecticide binding, transcriptional amplification via ROS/CncC-AhR/ARNT signaling, and post-translational optimization of transcriptional complexes. The operational conservation of this pathway across laboratory and ecological contexts underscores its evolutionary significance while revealing novel targets for resistance management, particularly biotin-based synergists and AhR dimerization inhibitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 104445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145487357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Involvement of salivary Apolipoprotein D, PuApoD311, in gall formation induced by the tephritid stem gall fly, Procecidochares utilis 唾液载脂蛋白D （PuApoD311）在绦虫茎瘿蝇诱导胆汁形成中的作用。

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104442

Lifang Li , Jingyi Ning , Tao Zhu , Mingxian Lan , Mehboob Hussain , Xi Gao , Jiaying Zhu , Guoxing Wu

The tephritid stem gall fly, Procecidochares utilis Stone (Diptera: Trypetidae), serves as an effective biocontrol agent against the invasive plant Eupatorium adenophorum (syn. Ageratina adenophorum) by inducing galls through larval saliva secretions, thereby inhibiting the growth of E. adenophorum. Despite this, the genetic basis of gall induction by P. utilis remains unexplored. This study generated a chromosome-level genome of P. utilis, totaling 467.64 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 74.29 Mb, organized into six pseudochromosomes. Comparative genomic analysis revealed a significant expansion of apolipoprotein D (ApoD) genes—a novel finding among gall-forming insects. Salivary gland transcriptomics identified 124 putative secreted proteins, with ApoD expansions exhibiting predominant expression. Among 29 identified ApoD genes in the P. utilis genome, 24 formed a species-specific clade, predominantly expressed in larvae and salivary glands. Notably, 21 of these genes were associated with salivary gland secretion. PuApoD311, uniquely expressed in P. utilis larvae and salivary glands, was successfully recombinantly produced in Sf9 cells using the baculovirus system. Injection of recombinant PuApoD311 into E. adenophorum resulted in the formation of “gall-like structures, characterized by analogous lateral root proliferation” structures, and elevated zeatin levels, indicating its pivotal role in gall formation. These findings contribute to our comprehension of salivary gland protein evolution in P. utilis and the molecular mechanisms governing gall induction by this biocontrol agent.

绦虫茎瘿蝇Procecidochares utilis Stone（双翅目：姬蝇科）通过幼虫唾液分泌诱导瘿蝇，抑制腺茎茎瘿蝇的生长，是一种有效的防制入侵植物紫茎泽兰的生物防治剂。尽管如此，水蛭诱导胆汁的遗传基础仍未被探索。本研究获得了实用木的染色体水平基因组，总长度为467.64 Mb，支架N50为74.29 Mb，由6条假染色体组成。比较基因组分析揭示了载脂蛋白D （ApoD）基因的显著扩展，这是在胆囊形成昆虫中发现的一个新发现。唾液腺转录组学鉴定出120种可能的分泌蛋白，ApoD扩增表现出主要表达。在发现的29个ApoD基因中，有24个形成了一个物种特异性分支，主要在幼虫和唾液腺中表达。值得注意的是，其中21个基因与唾液腺分泌有关。利用杆状病毒系统，成功地在Sf9细胞中重组产生了PuApoD311，该基因在水蛭幼虫和唾液腺中特异表达。将重组PuApoD311注射到紫茎甘蓝中，形成了“以类似侧根增生为特征的胆状结构”，并提高了玉米素水平，表明其在胆形成中起关键作用。这些发现有助于我们理解水蛭唾液腺蛋白的进化和这种生物防治剂诱导胆汁的分子机制。

{"title":"Involvement of salivary Apolipoprotein D, PuApoD311, in gall formation induced by the tephritid stem gall fly, Procecidochares utilis","authors":"Lifang Li , Jingyi Ning , Tao Zhu , Mingxian Lan , Mehboob Hussain , Xi Gao , Jiaying Zhu , Guoxing Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tephritid stem gall fly, <em>Procecidochares utilis</em> Stone (Diptera: Trypetidae), serves as an effective biocontrol agent against the invasive plant <em>Eupatorium adenophorum</em> (syn. <em>Ageratina adenophorum</em>) by inducing galls through larval saliva secretions, thereby inhibiting the growth of <em>E. adenophorum</em>. Despite this, the genetic basis of gall induction by <em>P. utilis</em> remains unexplored. This study generated a chromosome-level genome of <em>P. utilis</em>, totaling 467.64 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 74.29 Mb, organized into six pseudochromosomes. Comparative genomic analysis revealed a significant expansion of <em>apolipoprotein D</em> (<em>ApoD</em>) genes—a novel finding among gall-forming insects. Salivary gland transcriptomics identified 124 putative secreted proteins, with <em>ApoD</em> expansions exhibiting predominant expression. Among 29 identified <em>ApoD</em> genes in the <em>P. utilis</em> genome, 24 formed a species-specific clade, predominantly expressed in larvae and salivary glands. Notably, 21 of these genes were associated with salivary gland secretion. <em>PuApoD311</em>, uniquely expressed in <em>P. utilis</em> larvae and salivary glands, was successfully recombinantly produced in Sf9 cells using the baculovirus system. Injection of recombinant <em>PuApoD311</em> into <em>E. adenophorum</em> resulted in the formation of “gall-like structures, characterized by analogous lateral root proliferation” structures, and elevated zeatin levels, indicating its pivotal role in gall formation. These findings contribute to our comprehension of salivary gland protein evolution in <em>P. utilis</em> and the molecular mechanisms governing gall induction by this biocontrol agent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 104442"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145480491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of the Niemann–Pick type C2 protein as a sperm-binding protein in honeybees Niemann-Pick型C2蛋白作为精子结合蛋白在蜜蜂中的作用。

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104443

Jin Myung Kim , Bo Yeon Kim , Yun Hui Kim , Hyung Joo Yoon , Yong Soo Choi , Kyeong Yong Lee , Dong Won Kim , Kwang Sik Lee , Byung Rae Jin

The Niemann–Pick type C2 protein (NPC2) functions as a cholesterol modulator in the sperm membrane and enhances sperm physiological functions in vertebrates and some invertebrates. In insects, NPC2 is involved in lipid metabolism, immune response signaling, and chemical communication. However, the role of NPC2 as a sperm-associated protein in insect sperm remains to be elucidated. This study identified a novel function of the Apis mellifera NPC2 protein (AmNPC2) as a sperm-binding protein. Immunoassays and binding assays using recombinant AmNPC2 protein and its specific antibody revealed that AmNPC2 is expressed in the testes of drones and is localized on the sperm surface as a sperm-binding protein. Furthermore, a reduction in AmNPC2 levels on the sperm surface decreased sperm viability. AmNPC2 also appeared to play a protective role in maintaining sperm viability under both oxidative and temperature stress conditions. Our findings indicate that AmNPC2 is a sperm-binding protein that enhances the viability of honeybee sperm.

Niemann-Pick型C2蛋白（NPC2）在脊椎动物和一些无脊椎动物的精子膜中作为胆固醇调节剂，增强精子的生理功能。在昆虫中，NPC2参与脂质代谢、免疫反应信号传导和化学通讯。然而，NPC2作为精子相关蛋白在昆虫精子中的作用仍有待阐明。本研究发现了蜜蜂NPC2蛋白（AmNPC2）作为精子结合蛋白的新功能。重组AmNPC2蛋白及其特异性抗体的免疫分析和结合实验表明，AmNPC2在雄蜂的睾丸中表达，并作为精子结合蛋白定位于精子表面。此外，精子表面AmNPC2水平的降低降低了精子的生存能力。在氧化和温度胁迫条件下，AmNPC2似乎也在维持精子活力方面发挥保护作用。我们的研究结果表明，AmNPC2是一种精子结合蛋白，可以提高蜜蜂精子的生存能力。

{"title":"The role of the Niemann–Pick type C2 protein as a sperm-binding protein in honeybees","authors":"Jin Myung Kim , Bo Yeon Kim , Yun Hui Kim , Hyung Joo Yoon , Yong Soo Choi , Kyeong Yong Lee , Dong Won Kim , Kwang Sik Lee , Byung Rae Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Niemann–Pick type C2 protein (NPC2) functions as a cholesterol modulator in the sperm membrane and enhances sperm physiological functions in vertebrates and some invertebrates. In insects, NPC2 is involved in lipid metabolism, immune response signaling, and chemical communication. However, the role of NPC2 as a sperm-associated protein in insect sperm remains to be elucidated. This study identified a novel function of the <em>Apis mellifera</em> NPC2 protein (AmNPC2) as a sperm-binding protein. Immunoassays and binding assays using recombinant AmNPC2 protein and its specific antibody revealed that AmNPC2 is expressed in the testes of drones and is localized on the sperm surface as a sperm-binding protein. Furthermore, a reduction in AmNPC2 levels on the sperm surface decreased sperm viability. AmNPC2 also appeared to play a protective role in maintaining sperm viability under both oxidative and temperature stress conditions. Our findings indicate that AmNPC2 is a sperm-binding protein that enhances the viability of honeybee sperm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 104443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145480450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A fructose-sensitive gustatory receptor links nutrient sensing to lipid metabolism in the red imported fire ant 一种对果糖敏感的味觉受体将红色进口火蚁的营养感知与脂质代谢联系起来。

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104440

Huamei Wen , Xinyue Ma , Wenjing Zhang , Lu Wang , Yanbin Li , Dan Lv , Jianghua Sun , Dingze Mang

Fructose is an important energy source for many insects, yet its perception and physiological roles in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, remain unclear. Here, we show that S. invicta workers strongly prefer sucrose and glucose but demonstrate only weak attraction for fructose. Using Ca²⁺ imaging and intracellular Ca²⁺ assays, we identified SinvGr43a as a fructose-responsive gustatory receptor. While its expression is low in the antennae, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed high levels in the brain and gut, suggesting an internal sensing role. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of SinvGr43a led to reduced production and secretion of short neuropeptide F (sNPF) in the gut and insulin-like peptide (ILP) in both the brain and gut. Moreover, this silencing also downregulated key fatty acid metabolic regulators, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), in the fat body, resulting in decreased lipid storage. Our findings demonstrate that SinvGr43a functions primarily as an internal fructose sensor, linking nutrient detection with neuropeptide signaling and lipid metabolism to maintain energy homeostasis in S. invicta.

果糖是许多昆虫的重要能量来源，但其在红火蚁（Solenopsis invicta）中的感知和生理作用尚不清楚。在这里，我们发现s.a invicta工蜂强烈偏好蔗糖和葡萄糖，但对果糖只有微弱的吸引力。使用Ca2+成像和细胞内Ca2+检测，我们确定了SinvGr43a是一种果糖敏感的味觉受体。虽然其在触角中的表达较低，但逆转录定量PCR （RT-qPCR）显示其在大脑和肠道中的表达水平很高，表明其具有内部传感作用。RNA干扰介导的SinvGr43a敲低导致肠道中短神经肽F （sNPF）和脑和肠道中胰岛素样肽（ILP）的产生和分泌减少。此外，这种沉默还下调了脂肪体中的关键脂肪酸代谢调节因子，包括固醇调节元件结合蛋白（SREBP）和脂肪酸合成酶（FAS），导致脂肪储存减少。我们的研究结果表明，SinvGr43a主要作为一种内部果糖传感器，将营养检测与神经肽信号和脂质代谢联系起来，以维持颖花的能量稳态。

{"title":"A fructose-sensitive gustatory receptor links nutrient sensing to lipid metabolism in the red imported fire ant","authors":"Huamei Wen , Xinyue Ma , Wenjing Zhang , Lu Wang , Yanbin Li , Dan Lv , Jianghua Sun , Dingze Mang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fructose is an important energy source for many insects, yet its perception and physiological roles in the red imported fire ant, <em>Solenopsis invicta</em>, remain unclear. Here, we show that <em>S. invicta</em> workers strongly prefer sucrose and glucose but demonstrate only weak attraction for fructose. Using Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging and intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> assays, we identified <em>SinvGr43a</em> as a fructose-responsive gustatory receptor. While its expression is low in the antennae, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed high levels in the brain and gut, suggesting an internal sensing role. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of <em>SinvGr43a</em> led to reduced production and secretion of short neuropeptide F (sNPF) in the gut and insulin-like peptide (ILP) in both the brain and gut. Moreover, this silencing also downregulated key fatty acid metabolic regulators, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), in the fat body, resulting in decreased lipid storage. Our findings demonstrate that <em>SinvGr43a</em> functions primarily as an internal fructose sensor, linking nutrient detection with neuropeptide signaling and lipid metabolism to maintain energy homeostasis in <em>S. invicta</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 104440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145476501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Independent evolution of geraniol-8-hydroxylase activity involved in iridoid formation in the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) 阿根廷蚂蚁（Linepithema humile）中参与环烯醚酮形成的香叶醇-8-羟化酶活性的独立进化

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104441

Maithili Datta , Katrin Luck , Song Wu , Feng Chen , Yuko E. Ulrich , Sarah E. O'Connor , Tobias G. Köllner

Iridoids are bicyclic monoterpenoids that function as defense and signaling compounds in both plants and insects. Although recent research suggested that iridoids evolved independently in these two kingdoms of life, it remained unclear whether independent evolution of iridoid biosynthesis also occurred across different insect lineages. In order to gain insight into the evolution of iridoids in insects, we examined the first committed step of iridoid biosynthesis, the hydroxylation of geraniol to 8-hydroxygeraniol, in the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) of the order Hymenoptera. This transformation is typically catalyzed by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in both plants and insects. By integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses across various body parts, we identified candidate P450 genes potentially involved in this reaction. The candidate genes were heterologously expressed in yeast, and enzyme activity was assessed by supplying geraniol to the yeast cultures. One candidate P450 enzyme displayed geraniol 8-hydroxylase (G8H) activity and was designated LhG8H. Phylogenetic analysis showed that LhG8H is evolutionarily distinct from previously characterized G8H enzymes in the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) of the order Hemiptera and the mustard leaf beetle (Phaedon cochleariae) of the order Coleoptera. These results support the hypothesis that geraniol 8-hydroxylase activity, a key step in iridoid biosynthesis, evolved independently within the insect orders Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, and Coleoptera.

环烯醚萜是一种双环单萜类化合物，在植物和昆虫中起防御和信号化合物的作用。虽然最近的研究表明，环烯醚萜在这两个生命王国中独立进化，但环烯醚萜生物合成的独立进化是否也发生在不同的昆虫谱系中仍不清楚。为了深入了解环烯醚萜在昆虫中的进化，我们研究了膜翅目阿根廷蚂蚁（Linepithema humile）环烯醚萜生物合成的第一个重要步骤，即香叶醇羟基化为8-羟基香叶醇。在植物和昆虫中，这种转化通常由细胞色素P450单加氧酶催化。通过整合不同身体部位的转录组学和代谢组学分析，我们确定了可能参与该反应的候选P450基因。候选基因在酵母中异种表达，并通过向酵母培养物提供香叶醇来评估酶活性。其中一种候选P450酶具有香叶醇8-羟化酶（G8H）活性，被命名为LhG8H。系统发育分析表明，LhG8H与半翅目豌豆蚜虫（Acyrthosiphon pisum）和鞘翅目芥菜叶甲虫（Phaedon cochleariae）中的G8H酶在进化上是不同的。这些结果支持了香叶醇8-羟化酶活性在膜翅目、半翅目和鞘翅目昆虫中独立进化的假设。香叶醇8-羟化酶是环烯醚萜类生物合成的关键步骤。

{"title":"Independent evolution of geraniol-8-hydroxylase activity involved in iridoid formation in the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile)","authors":"Maithili Datta , Katrin Luck , Song Wu , Feng Chen , Yuko E. Ulrich , Sarah E. O'Connor , Tobias G. Köllner","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iridoids are bicyclic monoterpenoids that function as defense and signaling compounds in both plants and insects. Although recent research suggested that iridoids evolved independently in these two kingdoms of life, it remained unclear whether independent evolution of iridoid biosynthesis also occurred across different insect lineages. In order to gain insight into the evolution of iridoids in insects, we examined the first committed step of iridoid biosynthesis, the hydroxylation of geraniol to 8-hydroxygeraniol, in the Argentine ant (<em>Linepithema humile</em>) of the order Hymenoptera. This transformation is typically catalyzed by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in both plants and insects. By integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses across various body parts, we identified candidate P450 genes potentially involved in this reaction. The candidate genes were heterologously expressed in yeast, and enzyme activity was assessed by supplying geraniol to the yeast cultures. One candidate P450 enzyme displayed geraniol 8-hydroxylase (G8H) activity and was designated LhG8H. Phylogenetic analysis showed that LhG8H is evolutionarily distinct from previously characterized G8H enzymes in the pea aphid (<em>Acyrthosiphon pisum</em>) of the order Hemiptera and the mustard leaf beetle (<em>Phaedon cochleariae</em>) of the order Coleoptera. These results support the hypothesis that geraniol 8-hydroxylase activity, a key step in iridoid biosynthesis, evolved independently within the insect orders Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, and Coleoptera.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 104441"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coordinated horizontal transfer of multiple genes assembles a carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in aphids 多基因协同水平转移组装了蚜虫类胡萝卜素生物合成途径。

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104433

Rong Hu , Jun Wu , Siying Li , Peiyu Yang , Gang Wu , Changying Niu , Shuai Zhan , Yazhou Chen

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays a crucial role in genome evolution, especially when it enables the acquisition and assembly of multi-step biosynthetic pathways. Here, we investigate the evolutionary origins of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in aphids to determine whether multiple functionally related genes were acquired through HGT. We analyzed carotenoid biosynthesis genes in 23 aphid genomes based on homologs in plants, fungi, and bacteria. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GPS), Phytoene synthase (PS), and Carotenoid desaturase (CD) were acquired via HGT from fungi by ancestral insect species, while Carotenoid cleavage oxygenase (CCO) appears to be a native insect gene. Most insect genomes contain two GPS copies, likely resulting from independent HGT events, whereas aphid genomes exhibit extensive duplication of PS and CD, a pattern uncommon in other insects. Expression analyses across aphid species with distinct pigmentation showed that these genes are broadly transcribed with substantial variability in expression levels. In Myzus persicae, comparative expression analysis between red and green clones, as well as a green-red clone with green and red color polymorphism, revealed that PS-4390 is a novel candidate for red pigmentation in M. persicae, in addition to CD-4400, a homolog of the tor gene in Acyrthosiphon pisum. These findings provide strong evidence that HGT can introduce multiple functionally related genes into recipient genomes, allowing them to be co-opted into a functional biosynthetic pathway.

水平基因转移（HGT）在基因组进化中起着至关重要的作用，特别是当它使多步骤生物合成途径的获取和组装成为可能时。在此，我们研究了蚜虫类胡萝卜素生物合成基因的进化起源，以确定是否通过HGT获得了多个功能相关基因。我们基于植物、真菌和细菌的同源物分析了23个蚜虫基因组中的类胡萝卜素生物合成基因。系统发育分析表明，香叶基香叶基焦磷酸合成酶（GPS）、植物烯合成酶（PS）和类胡萝卜素去饱和酶（CD）是由昆虫祖先通过HGT从真菌中获得的，而类胡萝卜素裂解加氧酶（CCO）似乎是昆虫原生基因。大多数昆虫的基因组包含两个GPS拷贝，这可能是由独立的HGT事件造成的，而蚜虫的基因组则显示出PS和CD的广泛复制，这在其他昆虫中并不常见。不同色素沉着蚜虫的表达分析表明，这些基因广泛转录，表达水平有很大差异。在桃蚜（Myzus persicae）中，通过对红色和绿色无性系以及具有绿色和红色多态性的绿红色无性系的比较表达分析，发现PS-4390是桃蚜红色色素形成的新候选基因，而CD-4400是桃蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum中tor基因的同源基因。这些发现提供了强有力的证据，证明HGT可以将多个功能相关基因引入受体基因组，使它们被增选为功能性生物合成途径。

{"title":"Coordinated horizontal transfer of multiple genes assembles a carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in aphids","authors":"Rong Hu , Jun Wu , Siying Li , Peiyu Yang , Gang Wu , Changying Niu , Shuai Zhan , Yazhou Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays a crucial role in genome evolution, especially when it enables the acquisition and assembly of multi-step biosynthetic pathways. Here, we investigate the evolutionary origins of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in aphids to determine whether multiple functionally related genes were acquired through HGT. We analyzed carotenoid biosynthesis genes in 23 aphid genomes based on homologs in plants, fungi, and bacteria. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that <em>Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase</em> (<em>GPS</em>), <em>Phytoene synthase</em> (<em>PS</em>), and <em>Carotenoid desaturase</em> (<em>CD</em>) were acquired via HGT from fungi by ancestral insect species, while <em>Carotenoid cleavage oxygenase</em> (<em>CCO</em>) appears to be a native insect gene. Most insect genomes contain two <em>GPS</em> copies, likely resulting from independent HGT events, whereas aphid genomes exhibit extensive duplication of <em>PS</em> and <em>CD</em>, a pattern uncommon in other insects. Expression analyses across aphid species with distinct pigmentation showed that these genes are broadly transcribed with substantial variability in expression levels. In <em>Myzus persicae</em>, comparative expression analysis between red and green clones, as well as a green-red clone with green and red color polymorphism, revealed that <em>PS-4390</em> is a novel candidate for red pigmentation in <em>M. persicae</em>, in addition to <em>CD-4400</em>, a homolog of the <em>tor</em> gene in <em>Acyrthosiphon pisum</em>. These findings provide strong evidence that HGT can introduce multiple functionally related genes into recipient genomes, allowing them to be co-opted into a functional biosynthetic pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 104433"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145457032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular mechanisms of dsRNA uptake and intracellular trafficking in the fat body of Locusta migratoria 飞蝗脂肪体dsRNA摄取和细胞内转运的分子机制。

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104432

Lin Yang , Yanli Wang , Shuai Li , Mureed Abbas , Zhangwu Zhao , Xuekai Shi , Kun Yan Zhu , Jianzhen Zhang

RNA interference (RNAi) is a post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism initiated by exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which leads to the degradation of target mRNA within the cell. Since its discovery, RNAi has become a powerful tool for functional genomics and a promising strategy for pest control. However, the cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of dsRNA, especially in specific insect tissues, remain poorly understood. In this study, we systematically investigated the uptake, transport, and endosomal escape mechanisms of dsRNA in the fat body of Locusta migratoria. Our results reveal that L. migratoria apolipophorin III (LmApoLp-III), a lipid-binding protein, functions as a key carrier that facilitates the initial transport of dsRNA from the hemolymph to the fat body cell membrane. There, dsRNA is recognized and bound by a set of membrane receptors, including scavenger receptors (LmSRA, LmSRC) and lipoprotein receptors (LmLPR, LmLRP1, LmLRP2, and LmLRP3), forming receptor complexes that mediate cellular internalization via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. Intracellular trafficking of dsRNA is orchestrated by several L. migratoria small Rab GTPases (LmRab4, LmRab7, and LmRab9), which are critical for vesicular transport. Furthermore, vacuolar-type H⁺-ATPase (V-ATPase) facilitate the escape of dsRNA from endosomes, allowing its entry into the RNAi machinery to exert its gene-silencing function. Together, these findings provide the first comprehensive characterization of the dsRNA uptake pathway in insect fat body tissue, offering valuable insights into RNAi mechanisms and informing the development of more effective RNAi-based pest control strategies.

RNA干扰（RNAi）是由外源双链RNA （dsRNA）启动的转录后基因沉默机制，导致细胞内靶mRNA降解。自发现以来，RNAi已成为功能基因组学的有力工具和害虫防治的有前途的策略。然而，dsRNA的细胞摄取和细胞内运输，特别是在特定的昆虫组织中，仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们系统地研究了dsRNA在迁徙蝗脂肪体中的摄取、运输和内体逃逸机制。我们的研究结果表明，L. migratoria载脂蛋白III （lmpap -III）是一种脂质结合蛋白，它是促进dsRNA从血淋巴初始转运到脂肪体细胞膜的关键载体。在那里，dsRNA被一组膜受体识别并结合，包括清清剂受体（LmSRA、LmSRC）和脂蛋白受体（LmLPR、LmLRP1、LmLRP2和LmLRP3），形成受体复合物，通过网格蛋白介导的内吞作用和巨噬细胞作用介导细胞内化。dsRNA的细胞内运输是由几个小的迁移L. Rab gtpase （LmRab4， LmRab7和LmRab9）协调的，它们对囊泡运输至关重要。此外，液泡型H+-ATPase （V-ATPase）促进dsRNA从核内体逃逸，使其进入RNAi机制发挥其基因沉默功能。总之，这些发现提供了昆虫脂肪体组织中dsRNA摄取途径的首次全面表征，为RNAi机制提供了有价值的见解，并为开发更有效的基于RNAi的害虫防治策略提供了信息。

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of dsRNA uptake and intracellular trafficking in the fat body of Locusta migratoria","authors":"Lin Yang , Yanli Wang , Shuai Li , Mureed Abbas , Zhangwu Zhao , Xuekai Shi , Kun Yan Zhu , Jianzhen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>RNA interference (RNAi) is a post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism initiated by exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which leads to the degradation of target mRNA within the cell. Since its discovery, RNAi has become a powerful tool for functional genomics and a promising strategy for pest control. However, the cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of dsRNA, especially in specific insect tissues, remain poorly understood. In this study, we systematically investigated the uptake, transport, and endosomal escape mechanisms of dsRNA in the fat body of <em>Locusta migratoria</em>. Our results reveal that <em>L. migratoria</em> apolipophorin III (LmApoLp-III), a lipid-binding protein, functions as a key carrier that facilitates the initial transport of dsRNA from the hemolymph to the fat body cell membrane. There, dsRNA is recognized and bound by a set of membrane receptors, including scavenger receptors (LmSRA, LmSRC) and lipoprotein receptors (LmLPR, LmLRP1, LmLRP2, and LmLRP3), forming receptor complexes that mediate cellular internalization via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. Intracellular trafficking of dsRNA is orchestrated by several <em>L. migratoria</em> small Rab GTPases (LmRab4, LmRab7, and LmRab9), which are critical for vesicular transport. Furthermore, vacuolar-type H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase (V-ATPase) facilitate the escape of dsRNA from endosomes, allowing its entry into the RNAi machinery to exert its gene-silencing function. Together, these findings provide the first comprehensive characterization of the dsRNA uptake pathway in insect fat body tissue, offering valuable insights into RNAi mechanisms and informing the development of more effective RNAi-based pest control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 104432"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145429902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0