Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology最新文献_第10页

Solvent-, enzyme-, and structural-dependence of phenyl-substituted methyl carbamate inhibition of acetylcholinesterase 苯基取代氨基甲酸甲酯抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的溶剂、酶和结构依赖性

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104385

Daniel R. Swale , Paul R. Carlier , Maxim Totrov , Jeffrey R. Bloomquist

This study explored how dilution protocols, enzymes, and solvents affected the performance of 2- and 3-phenyl substituted methylcarbamates with varying selectivity for Anopheles gambiae acetylcholinesterase (AgAChE). Protocol A was 100-fold suspension in buffer of a 0.1 M DMSO stock solution, followed by serial buffer dilutions to give declining DMSO in parallel with the inhibitor. Protocol B was identical to A except that the initial stock concentration was 0.01 M. Protocol C entailed DMSO serial dilutions of a 0.1 M DMSO stock solution, followed by suspension of each into buffer giving 0.1 % (v/v) DMSO in all incubates. An. gambiae enzymes from insect homogenates or a recombinant clone generally showed a progressive increase in Hill slope from 0.5 to 1 via protocols A-C, along with increased IC₅₀ values, with the 3-tert-butyl analog (1) epitomizing these effects. In contrast, propoxur displayed no consistent change in inhibition potency of any AChE, regardless of DMSO dilution procedure. DMSO at constant 35 μM or 0.000273 % had a midpoint effect on compound 1 inhibition and displayed competitive inhibition. Time course incubations (10–60 min) over a broad concentration range (10⁻¹² - 10⁻⁵ M) of 1 revealed saturable inhibition of high and low potency, with the high potency effect more sensitive to incubation time. In contrast, there was little change of inhibition potency or Hill slope for compound 1 with human AChE, or the AChEs of Drosophila melanogaster and Musca domestica under any DMSO dilution protocol. Moreover, when the dilution protocols were repeated using ethanol as a solvent, little change of inhibition potency or Hill slope was observed with any compound, enzyme, or dilution scheme. These results contradicted the expectation that higher solvent concentration would yield better solubility and more rapid and potent effects of these lipophilic insecticides. Molecular modeling suggests DMSO may be competing with carbamate binding to AgAChE or by stabilizing an allosteric subpocket within AgAChE.

本研究探讨了稀释方案、酶和溶剂如何影响2-和3-苯基取代氨基甲酸甲酯对冈比亚按蚊乙酰胆碱酯酶（AgAChE）不同选择性的性能。方案A是在0.1 M DMSO原液的缓冲液中100倍悬浮，然后连续稀释缓冲液，使DMSO与抑制剂同时下降。方案B与A相同，除了初始储存浓度为0.01 M。方案C需要DMSO连续稀释0.1 M DMSO原液，然后将每种DMSO悬浮到缓冲液中，在所有孵育中给予0.1% (v/v) DMSO。一个。通过a - c方案，从昆虫匀浆或重组克隆中获得的冈比亚酶通常显示Hill slope从0.5逐渐增加到1，IC50值也随之增加，3-叔丁基类似物(1)体现了这些效应。相比之下，无论采用何种DMSO稀释方法，残杀威对AChE的抑制效力都没有一致的变化。35 μM或0.000273%的DMSO对化合物1的抑制作用为中点效应，表现为竞争性抑制。在较宽的浓度范围（10−12 - 10−5 M）内孵育（10 - 60 min）显示出高效和低效的饱和抑制，其中高效效应对孵育时间更敏感。而化合物1对人乙酰胆碱酯（AChE）、黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）和家蝇（Musca domestica）的乙酰胆碱酯（AChE）的抑制效价和Hill slope在任何DMSO稀释方案下均无明显变化。此外，当使用乙醇作为溶剂重复稀释方案时，任何化合物，酶或稀释方案的抑制效力或Hill斜率几乎没有变化。这些结果与高溶剂浓度会产生更好的溶解度和更快更有效的亲脂性杀虫剂的预期相矛盾。分子模型表明DMSO可能与氨基甲酸酯结合AgAChE或稳定AgAChE内的变构子袋竞争。

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引用次数: 0

Characterizing the symbiotic relationship between Wolbachia (wSpic) and Spodoptera picta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): From genome to phenotype 沃尔巴克氏体（wSpic）与象形夜蛾（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）共生关系的表征：从基因组到表型

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104396

Zhixin Niu , Huizhen Guo , Dan Li , Yajing Xu , Jianqiu Liu , Yingdan Xiao , Wanshun Li , Amornrat Promboon , Qingyou Xia , Marian R. Goldsmith , Kazuei Mita

Wolbachia is a genus of symbiotic bacteria prevalent in arthropods, with diverse effects on host reproduction and fecundity; however, it is unclear how Wolbachia modulates the host reproductive system. In this study, a novel Wolbachia strain, wSpic, was identified in the Noctuid moth Spodoptera picta and its effect on the reproduction of this host was investigated. We sequenced and annotated the 1,339,720 bp genome of wSpic. We identified a total of five WO phage regions in the genome and found no evidence of any plasmids associated with wSpic. Evolutionary analysis revealed that wSpic belongs to supergroup B and has undergone horizontal transmission between S. picta and Trichogramma pretiosum, a wasp parasitoid of insect eggs. The removal of Wolbachia by antibiotic treatment resulted in significantly decreased fecundity and abnormal development of S. picta ovaries, but no differences in egg hatching rate. An integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis indicated that major molecular pathways for Wolbachia-induced reproduction fitness benefits include its effects on insect juvenile hormone, vitellogenesis, choriogenesis, and nutritional metabolism. Our findings demonstrate that wSpic plays a critical role in promoting ovary development and sustaining fecundity in S. picta hosts.

沃尔巴克氏体是一种在节肢动物中普遍存在的共生细菌属，对宿主的繁殖和繁殖力有不同的影响；然而，目前尚不清楚沃尔巴克氏体如何调节宿主的生殖系统。本研究在夜蛾（Spodoptera picta）中鉴定出一种新的沃尔巴克氏体菌株wSpic，并对其对夜蛾繁殖的影响进行了研究。我们对wSpic的1,339,720 bp基因组进行了测序和注释。我们在基因组中共鉴定了5个WO噬菌体区域，没有发现任何与wSpic相关的质粒的证据。进化分析表明，wSpic属于超B群，并在picta和蜂卵寄生蜂Trichogramma pretiosum之间进行了水平传播。抗生素处理去除沃尔巴克氏体后，雌蜂卵巢繁殖力明显下降，发育异常，但卵孵化率无显著差异。综合转录组和蛋白质组分析表明，沃尔巴克氏体诱导的生殖适应性益处的主要分子途径包括其对昆虫幼体激素、卵黄形成、绒毛膜形成和营养代谢的影响。我们的研究结果表明，wSpic在促进picta寄主卵巢发育和维持繁殖力方面起着关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Horizontally transferred NADAR genes contribute to immune defense of ladybird beetles against bacterial infection 水平转移的NADAR基因有助于瓢虫抵抗细菌感染的免疫防御

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104397

Kun-Yu Yang, Yi-Fei Sun, Yuan-Sen Liang, Hao Li, Meng-Xue Qi, Zhaowei Wang, Luis Carlos Ramos Aguila, Li-Qun Cai, Hao-Sen Li, Hong Pang

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is now widely recognized as an important mechanism contributing to host immunity and adaptation. Ladybird beetles, with their diverse diets and habitats, encounter a broad spectrum of microbial threats, making effective immune responses critical for their survival. However, the immune roles of HGT-acquired genes in ladybirds remain largely unexplored. To address this gap, we investigated HGT of a NADAR (NAD- and ADP-ribose-associated) domain-containing gene from microorganisms to insects. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that NADAR genes in ladybird beetles form a well-supported clade nested within a larger group composed primarily of bacterial sequences, providing strong evidence for an HGT origin. Sampling across 69 ladybird species suggests that NADAR genes originated in the Coccinellidae family and were subsequently retained or duplicated across ladybird genomes, indicating their functional importance. Using the ladybird Cryptolaemus montrouzieri as a model, we observed that the expression levels of CmNADAR1 and CmNADAR2 were significantly upregulated in response to bacterial infection. Immune challenges combined with RNA interference targeting NADAR genes led to reduced survival rates and marked necrosis in intestinal tissues, compared to controls exposed to either bacterial infection or dsRNA alone. Together, our results demonstrate that NADAR genes in ladybird beetles were acquired through horizontal gene transfer and contribute to immune defense against bacterial infection.

水平基因转移（HGT）被广泛认为是促进宿主免疫和适应的重要机制。瓢虫有着多样化的饮食和栖息地，面临着广泛的微生物威胁，因此有效的免疫反应对它们的生存至关重要。然而，hgt获得性基因在瓢虫中的免疫作用在很大程度上仍未被探索。为了解决这一空白，我们研究了微生物和昆虫中含有NADAR （NAD-和adp -核糖相关）结构域基因的HGT。系统发育分析显示，瓢虫的NADAR基因在一个主要由细菌序列组成的更大的群体中形成了一个很好的支持分支，为HGT起源提供了有力的证据。对69种瓢虫的抽样表明，NADAR基因起源于瓢虫科，随后在瓢虫基因组中保留或复制，表明其功能重要性。以montrouzieri隐虫瓢虫为模型，我们观察到CmNADAR1和CmNADAR2的表达水平在对细菌感染的反应中显著上调。与单独暴露于细菌感染或dsRNA的对照组相比，免疫挑战结合靶向NADAR基因的RNA干扰导致肠道组织存活率降低和明显坏死。总之，我们的研究结果表明，瓢虫的NADAR基因是通过水平基因转移获得的，并有助于免疫防御细菌感染。

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引用次数: 0

Exploration of the hemocyte surfaceome of Apis mellifera by a proteomic and transcriptomic approach 用蛋白质组学和转录组学方法研究蜜蜂血细胞表面体。

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104398

Merel Braeckman , Lina De Smet , Bart Devreese , Dirk C. de Graaf

This study maps the surfaceome of Apis mellifera hemocytes, the protagonist cells in honey bee cellular immunity. The surfaceome, proteins expressed at the cell surface, is crucial as it determines how cells interact with their microenvironment. Through a combination of proteomic and transcriptomic analyses, 1142 genes encoding cell surface proteins were identified, revealing a high level of diversity. Our analyses identified receptors associated with the major insect immune pathways and proteins previously recognized as hemocyte markers in other invertebrates. Notably, several of the detected genes suggest to encode viral receptors, phagocytosis-related proteins, or proteins involved in hemocyte proliferation. A gene ontology analysis highlighted important functions of the hemocytes. The most prominent cluster was transmembrane receptor protein kinase activity, encompassing over 25 % of the identified terms. Other significant clusters included cell adhesion molecule binding, signalling receptor binding, olfactory receptor activity, and metalloendopeptidase activity. This study suggests several potential honey bee hemocyte markers and establishes a foundation for a novel hemocyte classification based on cell surface markers.

本研究绘制了蜜蜂细胞免疫的主要细胞——蜜蜂血细胞的表面体。表面体是细胞表面表达的蛋白质，它决定了细胞如何与微环境相互作用。通过蛋白质组学和转录组学的结合分析，鉴定出1142个编码细胞表面蛋白的基因，显示出高度的多样性。我们的分析确定了与主要昆虫免疫途径和蛋白质相关的受体，这些受体以前被认为是其他无脊椎动物的血细胞标记物。值得注意的是，一些检测到的基因提示编码病毒受体、吞噬相关蛋白或参与血细胞增殖的蛋白。基因本体论分析强调了血细胞的重要功能。最突出的集群是跨膜受体蛋白激酶活性，包含超过25%的已识别术语。其他重要的簇包括细胞粘附分子结合、信号受体结合、嗅觉受体活性和金属内肽酶活性。本研究提出了几种潜在的蜜蜂血细胞标记物，并为基于细胞表面标记物的新型血细胞分类奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Killing of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes by selective triketone inhibitors of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase depends on a high protein meal 选择性4-羟基苯基丙酮酸三酮双加氧酶抑制剂杀灭斯氏按蚊依赖于高蛋白餐。

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104361

Matěj Kučera , David Hartmann , James J. Valdés , Adéla Palusová , Avinash Sheshachalam , Marnix Vlot , Martijn W. Vos , Koen J. Dechering , Jan Perner

The malaria vector Anopheles stephensi has expanded from Asia into Eastern Africa, posing a growing global health threat due to its adaptive biology and increasing resistance to conventional control methods. Here, we characterise 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), a crucial enzyme in the tyrosine degradation pathway, and demonstrate its potential as a novel drug target in An. stephensi. Homology modeling combined with molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that key inhibitor-binding residues are highly conserved across mosquito HPPDs and predicted potent inhibition by triketone-based compounds. Using cell-based assay with codon-optimized recombinant expression in Escherichia coli, we screened several triketone and diketonitrile HPPD inhibitors and identified nitisinone as the most potent inhibitor, displaying nanomolar-range IC₅₀ values. Membrane feeding assays showed that nitisinone's insecticidal activity relies on ingestion of a high-protein meal, with haemoglobin identified as the potent dietary factor driving toxicity. These results highlight HPPD inhibition as a promising blood-meal-dependent vector control strategy specifically targeting haematophagous mosquitoes.

疟疾病媒斯氏按蚊已从亚洲扩展到东非，由于其适应性生物学和对常规控制方法的抵抗力日益增强，对全球健康构成日益严重的威胁。在这里，我们描述了4-羟基苯基丙酮酸双加氧酶（HPPD），酪氨酸降解途径中的一个关键酶，并证明了它作为一种新的药物靶点在斯蒂芬按蚊中的潜力。同源性模型结合分子动力学模拟证实了关键抑制剂结合残基在蚊子HPPDs中高度保守，并预测了三酮类化合物的强抑制作用。利用基于细胞的密码子优化重组表达法，我们在大肠杆菌中筛选了几种三酮和二酮腈HPPD抑制剂，并鉴定了nitisinone是最有效的抑制剂，显示出纳米级的IC50值。膜饲养试验表明，尼替西酮的杀虫活性依赖于摄入高蛋白膳食，血红蛋白被确定为驱动毒性的有效膳食因素。这些结果强调了HPPD抑制是一种有前途的血食性媒介控制策略，特别是针对吸血蚊子。

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引用次数: 0

Function of the zasp52 gene detected by CRISPR/Cas9 in the global fruit borer Grapholita molesta 利用CRISPR/Cas9技术检测全球果螟zasp52基因的功能

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104363

Sha Su , Zhimin Xu , Jinbo Suo , Yurong Zhou , Xiaohe Zhang , Amedius Dwigo Ignatus , Yayun Zuo , Xiong Peng , Fei Li , Maohua Chen

Zasp (Z band alternatively spliced PDZ-motif protein) is the core component of the Z-disc in muscle tissue and plays a vital role in the assembly and maintenance of myofibrils. The zasp has been studied in vertebrates, but it has only been reported in model organisms (e.g. Drosophila melanogaster) among insect species. Grapholita molesta is an important fruit pest with weak flight capacity. Flight capacity is important for the seasonal host switch of this pest. So far, the genes involved in the flight of G. molesta have not been analyzed. In this study, we identified and cloned the Gmzasp52 gene from G. molesta. This gene was expressed in different tissues and developmental stages of G. molesta. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, a homozygous Gmzasp52 gene knockout strain of G. molesta was successfully constructed. Knockout of the Gmzasp52 gene significantly prolonged the larval and preoviposition periods of G. molesta, and shortened the pupal period; the larval weight, pupal weight and fecundity decreased significantly, and the pupal mortality increased significantly; the Z-disc structure of the flight muscle was destroyed, and the myofibrils were damaged, resulting in a significant decrease in flight capacity. These results indicate that the Gmzasp52 plays an important role in the growth and development, reproduction, flight muscle structure and flight capacity of G. molesta. Our study reveals the role of zasp52 gene in a non-model insect species for the first time. The results not only analyzed the role of Gmzasp52 gene in G. molesta, but also further characterized the function of zasp52 gene in non-model organisms and provided possible target gene for the control of this pest.

Zasp （Z带选择性剪接pdz基序蛋白）是肌肉组织中Z盘的核心成分，在肌原纤维的组装和维持中起着至关重要的作用。zasp已经在脊椎动物中进行了研究，但在昆虫物种中仅在模式生物（如果蝇）中有报道。小蠹蛾是一种重要的水果害虫，其飞行能力较弱。飞行能力对该害虫的季节性寄主转换很重要。到目前为止，还没有分析过与毛蝇飞行有关的基因。在本研究中，我们鉴定并克隆了G. molesta Gmzasp52基因。该基因在不同组织和发育阶段均有表达。利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术，成功构建了G. molesta Gmzasp52基因纯合子敲除菌株。敲除Gmzasp52基因显著延长了小蠹蛾的幼虫期和产卵前期，缩短了蛹期；幼虫重、蛹重、繁殖力显著降低，蛹死亡率显著升高；飞行肌z盘结构被破坏，肌原纤维受损，飞行能力明显下降。上述结果表明，Gmzasp52基因在飞蛾的生长发育、繁殖、飞行肌肉结构和飞行能力等方面发挥着重要作用。我们的研究首次揭示了zasp52基因在非模式昆虫物种中的作用。研究结果不仅分析了Gmzasp52基因在鼠夜蛾中的作用，还进一步表征了zasp52基因在非模式生物中的功能，为鼠夜蛾的防治提供了可能的靶基因。

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引用次数: 0

Evolution of a horizontally acquired fatty acid desaturase enables the biosynthesis of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Collembola 水平获得的脂肪酸去饱和酶的进化使弹线虫能够生物合成ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸。

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104381

Yuya Ohhara , Ayumi Sato , Yoko Hirono-Hara , Kiyotaka Y. Hara , Kimiko Yamakawa-Kobayashi

Marine ecosystems are rich in essential dietary fatty acids, particularly ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Various marine microorganisms including microalgae produce ω-3 long-chain PUFAs through the action of methyl- and front-end desaturases. However, most terrestrial organisms cannot produce ω-3 long-chain PUFAs due to the absence of methyl- and/or front-end desaturases. One notable exception is de novo EPA biosynthesis in springtails (Collembola), the non-insect soil hexapod lineage serving as a nutrient source for predatory animals; however, Collembola EPA biosynthesis enzymes remain unknown. Here, we provide the first evidence of the key desaturases required for EPA biosynthesis in Collembola. Mass spectrometric analysis suggested that EPA is synthesized through arachidonic acid biosynthesis and following ω-3 desaturation, which requires front- and methyl-end desaturases, respectively. RNA-sequencing of Collembola transcripts isolated multiple candidate genes encoding front-end desaturases; however, no clear orthologous sequence of a methyl-end desaturase was retrieved. Verification of the activity of the isolated enzymes using a yeast expression system revealed that Collembola front-end desaturases catalyzed arachidonic acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, a subgroup of Collembola front-end desaturase sequences catalyzed the ω-3 desaturation step, facilitating the bioconversion of arachidonic acid to EPA. Phylogenetic analysis further revealed that the Collembola front-end desaturase sequences clustered closely to those of marine microorganisms producing ω-3 long-chain PUFAs. Given that Collembola is derived from a marine Crustacea ancestor, we propose that the horizontal acquisition of a front-end desaturase gene from a marine microbe, followed by duplication and neofunctionalization, empowered Collembola to become an EPA producer.

海洋生态系统富含必需膳食脂肪酸，特别是ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs），其中包括二十碳五烯酸（EPA）。包括微藻在内的各种海洋微生物通过甲基和前端去饱和酶的作用产生ω-3长链PUFAs。然而，由于缺乏甲基和/或前端去饱和酶，大多数陆生生物不能产生ω-3长链pufa。一个值得注意的例外是在弹尾虫（弹尾虫）中重新合成EPA，这是一种非昆虫的土壤六足动物，是掠食性动物的营养来源；然而，线虫的EPA生物合成酶仍不为人所知。在这里，我们提供了线虫生物合成EPA所需的关键去饱和酶的第一个证据。质谱分析表明，EPA是通过花生四烯酸生物合成和ω-3脱饱和合成的，ω-3脱饱和分别需要前端和甲基端脱饱和酶。编码前端去饱和酶的多候选弹线虫转录本的rna测序然而，没有检索到甲基端去饱和酶的明确同源序列。利用酵母表达系统对分离酶的活性进行验证，发现弹线虫前端去饱和酶催化花生四烯酸的生物合成。此外，弹线虫前端去饱和酶序列的一个亚群催化ω-3去饱和步骤，促进花生四烯酸向EPA的生物转化。系统发育分析进一步表明，弹线虫前端去饱和酶序列与产生ω-3长链PUFAs的海洋微生物的去饱和酶序列密切相关。鉴于弹珠虫起源于海洋甲壳类动物祖先，我们认为从海洋微生物中水平获取前端去饱和酶基因，然后进行复制和新功能化，使弹珠虫成为EPA生产者。

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引用次数: 0

The transcriptomics of Hyphantria cunea salivary gland reveals its function in host plant adaptation 加利福尼亚棘球蚴唾液腺转录组学揭示了其在寄主植物适应中的功能

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104379

Yajun Wang , Jiangyan Xie , Yansheng Sun , Shuming Cui , Jie Zhang , Qiaoya Zhang , Guocai Zhang , Bing Bi

Insects' salivary glands and their secretions play a pivotal role in their adaptation to host plants. Hyphantria cunea, a significant pest of both agriculture and forestry, feeds on a variety of host plants, yet the specific functions of its salivary glands in this adaptation process remain largely unclear. In this study, we compared the adaptability of fifth-instar larvae to Populus davidiana × P. bolleana (PDB) and artificial diet (AD). Through transcriptome analysis, 1439 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the salivary glands of fifth-instar larvae feeding on PDB and AD. These DEGs include genes encoding various digestive and detoxification enzymes, which are enriched in pathways related to salivary secretion, digestion, and drug metabolism. Compared to larvae fed AD, the majority of digestive and detoxification enzyme genes were upregulated following consumption of PDB. Furthermore, the larvae enhanced the activities of two digestive enzymes (α-amylase and lipase) and four detoxification enzymes (cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, carboxylesterase, glutathione-S-transferase, and UDP-glycosyltransferases) in their salivary glands, thereby digesting the nutrients in the leaves while detoxifying the secondary metabolites contained within them. Silencing of CYP9E2 significantly reduced larval food intake and weight gain, and prolonged larval developmental duration. Taken together, our study identifies the salivary glands of H. cunea larvae as a critical tissue for executing digestive and detoxification functions, enhances understanding of the larval adaptability to host plants via salivary glands, and provides valuable insights for managing H. cunea infestations.

昆虫的唾液腺及其分泌物在它们适应寄主植物的过程中起着关键作用。美国棘球蚴（Hyphantria cunea）是农业和林业的一种重要害虫，它以多种寄主植物为食，但其唾液腺在这一适应过程中的具体功能仍不清楚。本研究比较了大叶杨（Populus davidiana × P. bolleana， PDB）和人工饲料（artificial diet， AD）对5龄幼虫的适应性。通过转录组分析，在取食PDB和AD的五龄幼虫的唾液腺中鉴定出1439个差异表达基因（DEGs）。这些deg包括编码各种消化和解毒酶的基因，这些基因在唾液分泌、消化和药物代谢的相关途径中富集。与饲喂AD的幼虫相比，食用PDB后，大部分消化酶和解毒酶基因上调。此外，幼虫提高了唾液腺中2种消化酶（α-淀粉酶和脂肪酶）和4种解毒酶（细胞色素P450单加氧酶、羧酯酶、谷胱甘肽- s -转移酶和udp -糖基转移酶）的活性，从而消化叶片中的营养物质，同时对叶片中的次生代谢物进行解毒。CYP9E2的沉默显著降低了幼虫的食物摄取量和体重增加，延长了幼虫的发育时间。综上所述，我们的研究确定了美洲锥虫幼虫的唾液腺是执行消化和解毒功能的关键组织，增强了对幼虫通过唾液腺对寄主植物适应性的认识，并为管理美洲锥虫侵染提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

The arthropod P450 Enchiridion: An integrated web resource for research on P450s 节肢动物P450百科：一个用于研究P450的综合网络资源。

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104377

Jason Charamis , Wannes Dermauw , Thomas Van Leeuwen , John Vontas , René Feyereisen

We present the Arthropod P450 Enchiridion (arthropodp450.eu), a website based on the DokuWiki architecture and designed to provide resources on structures and functions of CYP genes and P450 enzymes from the most diverse and numerous animals, the arthropods. Interlinked pages cover some essential common features of P450 enzymes from rules of nomenclature to enzyme mechanism and protein structure. Specific to arthropods, lookup tables allow the rapid assignment of currently 1308 CYP families to their nine respective CYP clans, as well as the distribution of P450s from full CYPomes into clans. Manually annotated CYPomes from currently 75 species are presented with their correct CYP names as well as nearly 3000 full-length, named insect transcripts. The Arthropod P450 Enchiridion offers a BLAST function addressing over 11,000 accurately named P450 protein sequences. P450 functions as assessed by in vitro heterologous expression, RNAi phenotype, transgenic in vivo expression, or the phenotype of null mutants are presented for over 1000 cases. The data show as expected a focus on insect and mite pest species, but also highlights the remaining gaps in our knowledge of sequence and function of P450s in less studied groups of arthropods. The architecture of the DokuWiki enables regular updates and expansions to which authors are welcome to contribute.

我们介绍了节肢动物P450 Enchiridion (arthropodp450.eu)，这是一个基于DokuWiki架构的网站，旨在提供来自最多样化和数量最多的动物节肢动物的CYP基因和P450酶的结构和功能资源。相互链接的页面涵盖了P450酶的一些基本共同特征，从命名规则到酶的机制和蛋白质结构。具体到节肢动物，查找表允许将目前1308个CYP家族快速分配到9个各自的CYP氏族，以及从完整cypome到氏族的p450分布。人工标注了目前75个物种的cypome，提供了正确的CYP名称以及近3000个全长的命名昆虫转录本。节肢动物P450 Enchiridion提供BLAST功能，定位超过11,000个精确命名的P450蛋白序列。通过体外异源表达、RNAi表型、转基因体内表达或无突变体表型来评估P450功能的案例超过1000例。这些数据如预期的那样显示了对昆虫和螨虫害虫物种的关注，但也突出了我们对较少研究的节肢动物群体中p450的序列和功能的了解仍然存在空白。DokuWiki的体系结构支持定期更新和扩展，欢迎作者对此做出贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Genome assembly of Diadegma fenestrale (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and genome integration of its symbiotic virus, DfIV 姬蜂（膜翅目：姬蜂科）基因组组装及其共生病毒DfIV基因组整合

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104366

Juil Kim , Murtaza Khan

Diadegma fenestrale is a parasitic wasp of ecological and agricultural significance, regulating pest populations. However, limited genomic resources have hindered a deeper understanding of its biology and symbiotic interactions. This study presents a chromosome-level genome assembly of D. fenestrale using Nanopore and Illumina sequencing. The assembled 221.1 Mb genome comprises 68 scaffolds, including 11 at the chromosomal level, and exhibits high completeness with a BUSCO completeness score of 99.6 %. A total of 13,544 protein-coding genes were predicted, with BUSCO assessment of the gene set indicating 97.5 % completeness (single-copy: 96.8 %, duplicated: 0.7 %), 0.7 % fragmented, and 1.8 % missing genes. Comparative genomic analysis with closely related hymenopteran species provides new insights into genome evolution, including gene family expansion, contraction patterns, and chromosomal rearrangements. Additionally, this study examines DfIV, a symbiotic virus associated with D. fenestrale, identifying 62 genome segments integrated into the host genome. Most segments are present in one or two copies, while four segments exhibit three copies, suggesting a dynamic interaction between the virus and the host genome that may influence gene regulation and chromosomal stability. This study provides a comprehensive genomic resource for D. fenestrale, enhancing our understanding of its genomic architecture, evolutionary dynamics, and functional adaptations. The findings contribute to broader research on parasitoid wasps, and symbiotic virus-host interactions, with implications for biological pest control and evolutionary biology.

窗角斑姬蜂是一种具有生态和农业意义的寄生蜂，具有调节害虫种群的作用。然而，有限的基因组资源阻碍了对其生物学和共生相互作用的深入了解。本研究利用纳米孔和Illumina测序技术，建立了fenestrale的染色体水平基因组组装。组装的221.1 Mb基因组包含68个支架，其中11个位于染色体水平，具有较高的完整性，BUSCO完整性评分为99.6%。共预测了13544个蛋白质编码基因，BUSCO评估表明基因集的完整性为97.5%（单拷贝：96.8%，重复：0.7%），片段化为0.7%，缺失基因为1.8%。与近亲膜翅目昆虫的比较基因组分析为基因组进化提供了新的见解，包括基因家族扩展、收缩模式和染色体重排。此外，本研究还检测了DfIV，一种与雌蜂D. fenestrale相关的共生病毒，鉴定了整合到宿主基因组中的62个基因组片段。大多数片段出现在一个或两个拷贝中，而四个片段出现在三个拷贝中，这表明病毒与宿主基因组之间存在动态相互作用，可能影响基因调控和染色体稳定性。该研究提供了一个全面的基因组资源，增强了我们对其基因组结构、进化动力学和功能适应的理解。这些发现有助于对拟寄生蜂和共生病毒-宿主相互作用的更广泛研究，对生物害虫防治和进化生物学具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0