Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10045-00155
Rajesh Kumar, Amarjeet Kumar, C. Sinha, Ajeet Kumar, P. Kumari
{"title":"Twisting of Tail End of the Reservoir Bag Malingering as Stuck Valve during Positive-pressure Ventilation","authors":"Rajesh Kumar, Amarjeet Kumar, C. Sinha, Ajeet Kumar, P. Kumari","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10045-00155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10045-00155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80370004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10045-00154
V. Gopalakrishnan, S. Parameshwaraiah, Vidhyavathi Mallyam, Subhashini Shanmugamurthi, A. C. Sannappa
{"title":"Outcome of Lorazepam-assisted Interview and Psychotherapy in a Middle-aged Female Patient with the Chronic Mixed Dissociative Disorder: A Case Report","authors":"V. Gopalakrishnan, S. Parameshwaraiah, Vidhyavathi Mallyam, Subhashini Shanmugamurthi, A. C. Sannappa","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10045-00154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10045-00154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85098770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10045-00153
V. Gopalakrishnan, S. Parameshwaraiah, Vidhyavathi Malyam, A. C. Sannappa, Suha Riyaz
{"title":"Peripheral and Facial Edema Associated with Olanzapine: A Case Report","authors":"V. Gopalakrishnan, S. Parameshwaraiah, Vidhyavathi Malyam, A. C. Sannappa, Suha Riyaz","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10045-00153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10045-00153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78804034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10045-00157
S. Dwajani, S. Charuvi, H. Sahajananda
Aim and objective: The main purpose of the study was to determine the effect of a bolus dose of etomidate on serum cortisol levels in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. As there are a lot of controversies regarding this, detailed research was carried out to find answers regarding the question as to whether etomidate suppresses the cortisol levels or not. Materials and methods: In this prospective interventional study, 31 ASA physical status I and II patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled. Pre-anesthetic medication consisted of the tab. diazepam 5 mg the previous night and tab. ranitidine 150 mg the previous night and the next day morning at 5 am with sips of water. The patient was then induced with 0.4 mg/kg of etomidate intravenously. Skeletal muscle relaxant vancuronium of 0.1 mg/kg was administered. Intubation was performed with an appropriate endotracheal tube. Anesthesia was maintained with N2O, O2, and isoflurane. After surgery, the patient was reversed using neostigmine and glycopyrrolate. The patient was extubated when awake and then shifted to the recovery room and after one hour to the postoperative ward. Three venous samples, 2 mL each were drawn from each patient. The first blood sample T1 was drawn at 9 am on the day of the surgery before the induction of etomidate, the second blood sample T2 was 1 hour after the induction of etomidate which coincided with pneumoperitoneum, and the third blood sample T3 was drawn at 9 am the following morning. After the blood samples were collected in the red top vacutainers, they were allowed to clot naturally for about 30 minutes at room temperature after which tubes were centrifuged for 15 minutes at 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 rpm, respectively, for the first, second, and third samples. After the separation of the serum, they were stored at −80°C until analysis. Sample analysis for cortisol estimation was done using Cobas E-411 machine using the electrochemiluminescence method. The statistical analysis was applied to analyze the demographic data, Chi-square test for categorical variables. Analysis was done using RM-ANOVA and significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The statistical analysis showed the above table shows that males showed mean cortisol values of 11.48 ± 2.05 at time T1 which was at baseline, 9.78 ± 1.72 at time T2 which was at pneumoperitoneum, and 5.038 ± 4.22 at time T3 which was at 24 hours. The female patients showed mean cortisol values of 13.407 ± 2.33 at T1, 11.47 ± 2.65 at T2, and 7.065 ± 5.41 at T3. The combined mean cortisol levels of the patients were: 12.291 ± 1.57, 10.49 ± 1.52, and 6.085 ± 3.36 at intervals of T1, T2, and T3, respectively. According to the Student’s t-test, the cortisol levels show that the p value (0.11) between T1 vs T2 does not show any significance. The p value (0.001) of T1 vs T3 is extremely significant and shows cortisol suppression and helps in proving the objective of the study. The p value (0.02) of T2 vs
{"title":"Suppression of Cortisol Levels by a Bolus Dose of Etomidate in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy","authors":"S. Dwajani, S. Charuvi, H. Sahajananda","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10045-00157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10045-00157","url":null,"abstract":"Aim and objective: The main purpose of the study was to determine the effect of a bolus dose of etomidate on serum cortisol levels in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. As there are a lot of controversies regarding this, detailed research was carried out to find answers regarding the question as to whether etomidate suppresses the cortisol levels or not. Materials and methods: In this prospective interventional study, 31 ASA physical status I and II patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled. Pre-anesthetic medication consisted of the tab. diazepam 5 mg the previous night and tab. ranitidine 150 mg the previous night and the next day morning at 5 am with sips of water. The patient was then induced with 0.4 mg/kg of etomidate intravenously. Skeletal muscle relaxant vancuronium of 0.1 mg/kg was administered. Intubation was performed with an appropriate endotracheal tube. Anesthesia was maintained with N2O, O2, and isoflurane. After surgery, the patient was reversed using neostigmine and glycopyrrolate. The patient was extubated when awake and then shifted to the recovery room and after one hour to the postoperative ward. Three venous samples, 2 mL each were drawn from each patient. The first blood sample T1 was drawn at 9 am on the day of the surgery before the induction of etomidate, the second blood sample T2 was 1 hour after the induction of etomidate which coincided with pneumoperitoneum, and the third blood sample T3 was drawn at 9 am the following morning. After the blood samples were collected in the red top vacutainers, they were allowed to clot naturally for about 30 minutes at room temperature after which tubes were centrifuged for 15 minutes at 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 rpm, respectively, for the first, second, and third samples. After the separation of the serum, they were stored at −80°C until analysis. Sample analysis for cortisol estimation was done using Cobas E-411 machine using the electrochemiluminescence method. The statistical analysis was applied to analyze the demographic data, Chi-square test for categorical variables. Analysis was done using RM-ANOVA and significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The statistical analysis showed the above table shows that males showed mean cortisol values of 11.48 ± 2.05 at time T1 which was at baseline, 9.78 ± 1.72 at time T2 which was at pneumoperitoneum, and 5.038 ± 4.22 at time T3 which was at 24 hours. The female patients showed mean cortisol values of 13.407 ± 2.33 at T1, 11.47 ± 2.65 at T2, and 7.065 ± 5.41 at T3. The combined mean cortisol levels of the patients were: 12.291 ± 1.57, 10.49 ± 1.52, and 6.085 ± 3.36 at intervals of T1, T2, and T3, respectively. According to the Student’s t-test, the cortisol levels show that the p value (0.11) between T1 vs T2 does not show any significance. The p value (0.001) of T1 vs T3 is extremely significant and shows cortisol suppression and helps in proving the objective of the study. The p value (0.02) of T2 vs ","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85385841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening complicated pregnancy disorder characterized by new onset of hypertension (systolic and diastolic blood pressure of ≥ 140 and 90 mm Hg respectively), proteinuria (on dipstick ≥ 2+), edema and thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100,000/μL) after 20 weeks of gestation. If left untreated, can be fatal for both the mother and child. PE has been associated with maternal organ dysfunction—includes renal insufficiency, inappropriate liver function, fetal growth retardation, neurological and hematological complications. 1 It affects 2–8% of all pregnancies leading to prenatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The epidemiology of preeclampsia is reported to be 8–10% of the pregnancies in India. 2 The prevalence of the disease might vary in different populations and different ethnic groups. The pathogenesis of PE remains unclear but placenta plays an important role in development of the disease by mediating the poor placental development, endothelial dysfunction, trophoblast damage and aberrant angiogenesis. In preeclampsia, placenta becomes hypoxic which might trigger oxidative stress and increased placental apoptosis leading to defective endothelial dysfunction, uteroplacental circulation and worsens the placental perfusions. 3 Therefore, failure of endothelial vascular development causes high blood pressure, increased vascular permeability and proteinuria. The clinical features of preeclampsia are unified and it targets the organs, which may cause seizures and stroke (brain), HELLP (hemolysis elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count (liver)) and proteinuria, glomerular endotheliosis (kidney). Several angiogenic factors such as soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase -1(sFlt-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-1), soluble Endoglin (sEndoglin), placental growth factor (PlGF) of misfolded proteins. 7 A study by Sailakshmi et al. confirmed the presence of urinary congophilia protein, and its usefulness in early prediction of preeclampsia using CRD test. This test also showed the presence of congophilia in PE women by 4–7 weeks prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. The sensitivity and the specificity of the test was 66.18% and 96.45% respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 80.36% and was 92.86% respectively. 8 A study by Nagarajappa et al. has shown that urinary congophilia level was elevated in preeclamptic women compared to normotensive pregnant women in the Indian population. The level of urine congophilia varies across the clinical subgroups of preeclampsia but the average level remains significantly higher than the normotensive pregnant women. 9 The CRD test is now being investigated as an innovative mobile health solution in countries with limited resources as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for preeclampsia. The CRD test was not only effective in predicting preeclampsia but also useful in differentiating between preeclampsia and other forms of hypertensi
子痫前期(pre子痫，PE)是一种危及生命的妊娠并发症，其特征为妊娠20周后新发高血压(收缩压≥140、舒张压分别≥90 mm Hg)、蛋白尿(量尺≥2+)、水肿和血小板减少(血小板计数<100,000/μL)。如果不及时治疗，对母亲和孩子都可能是致命的。PE与母体器官功能障碍有关，包括肾功能不全、肝功能不正常、胎儿发育迟缓、神经系统和血液系统并发症。1它影响到全世界所有妊娠的2-8%，导致产前发病率和死亡率。据报道，在印度，先兆子痫的流行病学发生率为孕妇的8-10%。2该疾病的患病率在不同的人群和不同的种族群体中可能有所不同。PE的发病机制尚不清楚，但胎盘通过介导胎盘发育不良、内皮细胞功能障碍、滋养细胞损伤和血管生成异常在该病的发生发展中起着重要作用。在子痫前期，胎盘缺氧可能引发氧化应激，增加胎盘凋亡，导致内皮功能障碍，子宫胎盘循环缺陷，恶化胎盘灌注。3因此，内皮血管发育失败导致高血压、血管通透性增加和蛋白尿。子痫前期临床特征统一，以脏器为靶点，可引起癫痫发作、中风(脑)、HELLP(溶血、肝酶升高、血小板计数低(肝)、蛋白尿、肾小球内皮增生(肾)。几种血管生成因子如可溶性fms样酪氨酸激酶-1(sFlt-1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF-1)、可溶性内啡肽(sEndoglin)、胎盘生长因子(PlGF)等错误折叠蛋白。7 Sailakshmi等人的一项研究证实了尿嗜癫蛋白的存在，并通过CRD试验证实了其在早期预测子痫前期的有效性。该测试还显示PE女性在出现临床症状前4-7周存在先天性先天性贫血。灵敏度为66.18%，特异度为96.45%。阳性预测值(PPV)为80.36%，阴性预测值(NPV)为92.86%。Nagarajappa等人的一项研究表明，在印度人群中，与血压正常的孕妇相比，子痫前期妇女的尿亲性贫血水平升高。尿嗜血性水平在子痫前期临床亚组中有所不同，但平均水平仍显著高于血压正常的孕妇。目前，在资源有限的国家，正在研究将CRD检测作为一种创新的移动医疗解决方案，作为子痫前期的诊断和预后工具。CRD试验不仅可有效预测子痫前期，而且可用于区分子痫前期和其他形式的高血压，以及早发性和晚发性子痫前期。CRD检测是一种廉价、准确、无创、快速、易操作的检测方法，具有良好的特异性和敏感性，可作为预测PE的快速检测方法，也可作为低收入地区PE临床表现前早期诊断的诊断标志。
{"title":"Congo Red (CRD) Test in Prediction of Preeclampsia: An Innovative Mobile Health Solution","authors":"Anbazhagan Kolandaswamy","doi":"10.5005/jmeds-6-3-iv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/jmeds-6-3-iv","url":null,"abstract":"Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening complicated pregnancy disorder characterized by new onset of hypertension (systolic and diastolic blood pressure of ≥ 140 and 90 mm Hg respectively), proteinuria (on dipstick ≥ 2+), edema and thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100,000/μL) after 20 weeks of gestation. If left untreated, can be fatal for both the mother and child. PE has been associated with maternal organ dysfunction—includes renal insufficiency, inappropriate liver function, fetal growth retardation, neurological and hematological complications. 1 It affects 2–8% of all pregnancies leading to prenatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The epidemiology of preeclampsia is reported to be 8–10% of the pregnancies in India. 2 The prevalence of the disease might vary in different populations and different ethnic groups. The pathogenesis of PE remains unclear but placenta plays an important role in development of the disease by mediating the poor placental development, endothelial dysfunction, trophoblast damage and aberrant angiogenesis. In preeclampsia, placenta becomes hypoxic which might trigger oxidative stress and increased placental apoptosis leading to defective endothelial dysfunction, uteroplacental circulation and worsens the placental perfusions. 3 Therefore, failure of endothelial vascular development causes high blood pressure, increased vascular permeability and proteinuria. The clinical features of preeclampsia are unified and it targets the organs, which may cause seizures and stroke (brain), HELLP (hemolysis elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count (liver)) and proteinuria, glomerular endotheliosis (kidney). Several angiogenic factors such as soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase -1(sFlt-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-1), soluble Endoglin (sEndoglin), placental growth factor (PlGF) of misfolded proteins. 7 A study by Sailakshmi et al. confirmed the presence of urinary congophilia protein, and its usefulness in early prediction of preeclampsia using CRD test. This test also showed the presence of congophilia in PE women by 4–7 weeks prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. The sensitivity and the specificity of the test was 66.18% and 96.45% respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 80.36% and was 92.86% respectively. 8 A study by Nagarajappa et al. has shown that urinary congophilia level was elevated in preeclamptic women compared to normotensive pregnant women in the Indian population. The level of urine congophilia varies across the clinical subgroups of preeclampsia but the average level remains significantly higher than the normotensive pregnant women. 9 The CRD test is now being investigated as an innovative mobile health solution in countries with limited resources as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for preeclampsia. The CRD test was not only effective in predicting preeclampsia but also useful in differentiating between preeclampsia and other forms of hypertensi","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80533362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. M. Al-Humaidhi, Abdulkareem H. Abd, H. F. Ghazi
{"title":"Zizyphus spina christi Effect on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Kindling","authors":"A. M. Al-Humaidhi, Abdulkareem H. Abd, H. F. Ghazi","doi":"10.17632/D7BBKWB8X9.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17632/D7BBKWB8X9.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44085468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) before adulthood has long-lasting effects on school performance among students, thus, early recognition and treatment are vital. Objective: To identify the effect of war trauma among secondary school students, test the rate of PTSD among students, and investigate the relationship between exposure to war trauma and effect on school performance. Methods: Total 108 (third intermediate class) students of both sex at two secondary schools. They screened by modified war trauma Questionnaire scale (CRIES-13) to diagnose PTSD and used impact on school performance scale. Results: The percentage of students who had >11 and above traumatic events during the preceding seven years was 38.9%. PTSD rate is 27.8% (above the cutoff point of 17 on children revised impact of events scale-13). PTSD rate is higher in females (63.3%) than 36.7% of males. The rate of impact on school performance is 43.5% (above the cutoff point of 21). The rate of impact on school performance is 83.3% among students with PTSD. Conclusion: The exposure to war trauma increases risk of PTSD among school children, number of traumatic events are high among adolescents, rate of PTSD is high in relation to events and higher in females than male and effect on school performance is high among students with PTSD. Keywords: Children, PTSD, school performance Citation: Hussein HS, Jaber OA, Alwan YS. Post-traumatic stress disorder and school performance among adolescents' students in Baghdad. Iraqi JMS. 2021; 19(1): 72-81. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.19.1.10
{"title":"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and School Performance Among Adolescents Students in Baghdad","authors":"H. Hussein, O. Jaber, Y. Alwan","doi":"10.22578/ijms.19.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22578/ijms.19.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) before adulthood has long-lasting effects on school performance among students, thus, early recognition and treatment are vital. Objective: To identify the effect of war trauma among secondary school students, test the rate of PTSD among students, and investigate the relationship between exposure to war trauma and effect on school performance. Methods: Total 108 (third intermediate class) students of both sex at two secondary schools. They screened by modified war trauma Questionnaire scale (CRIES-13) to diagnose PTSD and used impact on school performance scale. Results: The percentage of students who had >11 and above traumatic events during the preceding seven years was 38.9%. PTSD rate is 27.8% (above the cutoff point of 17 on children revised impact of events scale-13). PTSD rate is higher in females (63.3%) than 36.7% of males. The rate of impact on school performance is 43.5% (above the cutoff point of 21). The rate of impact on school performance is 83.3% among students with PTSD. Conclusion: The exposure to war trauma increases risk of PTSD among school children, number of traumatic events are high among adolescents, rate of PTSD is high in relation to events and higher in females than male and effect on school performance is high among students with PTSD. Keywords: Children, PTSD, school performance Citation: Hussein HS, Jaber OA, Alwan YS. Post-traumatic stress disorder and school performance among adolescents' students in Baghdad. Iraqi JMS. 2021; 19(1): 72-81. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.19.1.10","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44914125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Delayed recovery from anesthesia is one of the important challenges that face anesthesiologist. The time of delayed recovery from anesthesia is related to anesthetic agent, patient, duration and type of surgery. Objective: To determine the factors from the patients and other things related to delayed recovery after giving anesthesia. Methods: A total of 286 patients were observed in Shar Medical Hospital and Cardiac Center in Sulaimani city, Iraq between November 2019 and March 2020. Post-operative evaluation and observation were collected for delayed and normal recovery after anesthesia. P value less than 0.05 means significant relationship were obtained between variables. Results: From the 286 patients, 180 (62.94%) were male, in which 66 of them were have delayed recovery and significant relation was found p=0.005. Most of the patients were >50 years-old 126 (44.05%) and there was significant relation between age and delayed recovery of consciousness p=0.01. Delayed recovery was found among overweight more frequently than the underweight and normal weight (51 from 73 for overweight, 33 from 45 and 7 from 168, respectively). Also, significant relationship was found p=0.001. Conclusion: Old age, male, obese patients and cigarette smokers, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular accident, history of myocardial infarction, hyperlipidemia, and neurological diseases are high risk factors for delayed recovery. Keywords: Anesthesia, delayed recovery, post-operative care, risk factors Citation: Karim SB. Factors related to delayed recovery after anesthesia. Iraqi JMS. 2021; 19(1): 39-48. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.19.1.6
{"title":"Factors Related to Delayed Recovery After Anesthesia","authors":"S. Karim","doi":"10.22578/ijms.19.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22578/ijms.19.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Delayed recovery from anesthesia is one of the important challenges that face anesthesiologist. The time of delayed recovery from anesthesia is related to anesthetic agent, patient, duration and type of surgery. Objective: To determine the factors from the patients and other things related to delayed recovery after giving anesthesia. Methods: A total of 286 patients were observed in Shar Medical Hospital and Cardiac Center in Sulaimani city, Iraq between November 2019 and March 2020. Post-operative evaluation and observation were collected for delayed and normal recovery after anesthesia. P value less than 0.05 means significant relationship were obtained between variables. Results: From the 286 patients, 180 (62.94%) were male, in which 66 of them were have delayed recovery and significant relation was found p=0.005. Most of the patients were >50 years-old 126 (44.05%) and there was significant relation between age and delayed recovery of consciousness p=0.01. Delayed recovery was found among overweight more frequently than the underweight and normal weight (51 from 73 for overweight, 33 from 45 and 7 from 168, respectively). Also, significant relationship was found p=0.001. Conclusion: Old age, male, obese patients and cigarette smokers, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular accident, history of myocardial infarction, hyperlipidemia, and neurological diseases are high risk factors for delayed recovery. Keywords: Anesthesia, delayed recovery, post-operative care, risk factors Citation: Karim SB. Factors related to delayed recovery after anesthesia. Iraqi JMS. 2021; 19(1): 39-48. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.19.1.6","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49437517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghinwa S. Majid, A. Abdulamir, Abba D. Ahmed, I. Aufi, Orooba I. Abdullah
Background: The blood of blood donors is screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in the National Center of Blood Bank in Baghdad. The residual risk of EIA negative samples is not estimated till now in Iraq. Objective: To detect HBV, HCV and HIV viruses within seronegative plasma of blood donors by a commercially available multiplex nucleic acid amplification tests (NAT) with mini-pooling system. Methods: One thousand (1000) blood donors were screened by EIA revealed negative results then NAT was performed on pools of samples, each pool contain ten seronegative plasmas (MP10) i.e., 100 minipools. Results: The detected positive minipools 10 seronegative plasmas by NAT for HBV, HCV and HIV were 3 MP10. Conclusion: The use of NAT appeared to be sensitive and reliable to detect occult HBV and overcome the seroconversion problem related with HCV and HIV within seronegative plasmas of blood donors. Therefore, the implementation of NAT with mini-pooling in addition to serological tests for routine blood donor screening will improve and ensure the safety of blood transfusion in Iraq. Keywords: Blood transfusion, widow period, multiplexes PCR Citation: Majid GS, Abdulamir AS, Ahmed AM, Aufi IM, Abdullah OI. The using of multiplex RT-qPCR for pooled samples to detect hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus within Iraqi blood donors. Iraqi JMS. 2021; 19(1): 99-106. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.19.1.13
背景:在巴格达国家血库中心，献血者的血液正在用酶免疫测定法(EIA)筛查乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)和人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染。目前，伊拉克尚未对EIA阴性样本的剩余风险进行估算。目的:应用市售的微型池式多重核酸扩增试验(NAT)检测献血者血清阴性血浆中的HBV、HCV和HIV病毒。方法:对1000名献血者进行环境影响评估(EIA)筛选，结果为阴性，然后对每池10个血清阴性血浆(MP10)即100个小池的样本进行NAT检测。结果:NAT检测出HBV、HCV和HIV阳性的小池10例血清阴性血浆为3mp10。结论:应用NAT检测隐匿性HBV，克服了献血者血清阴性血浆中HCV和HIV相关的血清转化问题，具有敏感性和可靠性。因此，除了用于常规献血者筛查的血清学检测外，在伊拉克实施带有小型汇集的NAT将改善和确保输血的安全性。关键词:输血，寡妇期，多重PCR引文:Majid GS, Abdulamir AS, Ahmed AM, Aufi IM, Abdullah OI。利用多重RT-qPCR对汇集的样本检测伊拉克献血者体内的乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒。伊拉克JMS。2021;19(1): 99 - 106。doi: 10.22578 / IJMS.19.1.13
{"title":"The Using of Multiplex RT-qPCR for Pooled Samples to Detect Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus within Iraqi Blood Donors","authors":"Ghinwa S. Majid, A. Abdulamir, Abba D. Ahmed, I. Aufi, Orooba I. Abdullah","doi":"10.22578/ijms.19.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22578/ijms.19.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The blood of blood donors is screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in the National Center of Blood Bank in Baghdad. The residual risk of EIA negative samples is not estimated till now in Iraq. Objective: To detect HBV, HCV and HIV viruses within seronegative plasma of blood donors by a commercially available multiplex nucleic acid amplification tests (NAT) with mini-pooling system. Methods: One thousand (1000) blood donors were screened by EIA revealed negative results then NAT was performed on pools of samples, each pool contain ten seronegative plasmas (MP10) i.e., 100 minipools. Results: The detected positive minipools 10 seronegative plasmas by NAT for HBV, HCV and HIV were 3 MP10. Conclusion: The use of NAT appeared to be sensitive and reliable to detect occult HBV and overcome the seroconversion problem related with HCV and HIV within seronegative plasmas of blood donors. Therefore, the implementation of NAT with mini-pooling in addition to serological tests for routine blood donor screening will improve and ensure the safety of blood transfusion in Iraq. Keywords: Blood transfusion, widow period, multiplexes PCR Citation: Majid GS, Abdulamir AS, Ahmed AM, Aufi IM, Abdullah OI. The using of multiplex RT-qPCR for pooled samples to detect hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus within Iraqi blood donors. Iraqi JMS. 2021; 19(1): 99-106. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.19.1.13","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44910102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background:Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection had been criticized for many deleterious effects and had been amalgamated to iron deficiency by many authors, frequently based on correlative rather than direct relationship studies and often opposed by others. Objective: To evaluate the role of H. pylori infection in the etiology of iron deficiency anemia and to study the impact of the bacterial eradication on the response to iron therapy. Methods:The current study represents an interventional prospective study and involved 52 non-pregnant females with iron deficiency anemia. All patients were tested for the presence of active H. pylori infection by stool antigen test and they followed after one month of iron therapy. Patients with positive H. pylori infection followed for another month after eradication of H. pylori and iron therapy. Results: Fifteen patients (28.85%) were positive for H. pylori. Hematological and biochemical data were not different among both groups (H. pylori positive and negative) at presentation despite significant better response among H. pylori negative individuals. Continuation of iron therapy after eradication of H. pylori infection improve the response to therapy significantly. Conclusion: Eradication of H. pylori enhances the response to iron therapy significantly. Keywords: Iron deficiency anemia, H. pylori, iron therapy, eradication Citation: Eissa AA, Mirza SS. The relevance of Helicobacter pylori Infection to iron deficiency anemia in Duhok City. Iraqi JMS. 2021; 19(1): 33-38. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.19.1.5
{"title":"The Relevance of Helicobacter pylori Infection to Iron Deficiency Anemia in Duhok City","authors":"Adil A. Eissa, Saad Mirza","doi":"10.22578/ijms.19.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22578/ijms.19.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection had been criticized for many deleterious effects and had been amalgamated to iron deficiency by many authors, frequently based on correlative rather than direct relationship studies and often opposed by others. Objective: To evaluate the role of H. pylori infection in the etiology of iron deficiency anemia and to study the impact of the bacterial eradication on the response to iron therapy. Methods:The current study represents an interventional prospective study and involved 52 non-pregnant females with iron deficiency anemia. All patients were tested for the presence of active H. pylori infection by stool antigen test and they followed after one month of iron therapy. Patients with positive H. pylori infection followed for another month after eradication of H. pylori and iron therapy. Results: Fifteen patients (28.85%) were positive for H. pylori. Hematological and biochemical data were not different among both groups (H. pylori positive and negative) at presentation despite significant better response among H. pylori negative individuals. Continuation of iron therapy after eradication of H. pylori infection improve the response to therapy significantly. Conclusion: Eradication of H. pylori enhances the response to iron therapy significantly. Keywords: Iron deficiency anemia, H. pylori, iron therapy, eradication Citation: Eissa AA, Mirza SS. The relevance of Helicobacter pylori Infection to iron deficiency anemia in Duhok City. Iraqi JMS. 2021; 19(1): 33-38. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.19.1.5","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48987719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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