Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV-2) cases are being frequently reported nowadays and the objective of this clinical case report is to highlight its unique presentation as acute icteric sever hepatitis. Case report: A 28-year-old female patient presented with 3 days history of fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and jaundice. Lab investigations revealed positive COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test along with picture suggestive of acute severe hepatitis (Aspartate aminotransferase; 2772 U/L (N: <32), Alanine transaminase; 2522 U/L (N: <33), Alkaline phosphatase; 172 U/L (N: 35-104), direct bilirubin 4.2 mg/dl (N: 0-0.3)). The patient was admitted, monitored and started on supportive therapy for 5 days and was discharged well for outpatient follow-up. Conclusion: Requesting liver function test for COVID-19 patients who presents with gastrointestinal symptoms is a crucial decision that can guide us with the management of the case since many drugs used in the treatment of the new SARS‐CoV-2 infection are hepatotoxic and should therefore be used with caution. Keywords: Hepatitis, COVID-19, SARS‐CoV‐2, COVID-19 hepatitis, icteric hepatitis Citation: Al-Hasnawi DH, Kareem AM. Acute severe icteric hepatitis caused by the novel Corona virus: A case report. Iraqi JMS. 2021; 19(1): 56-59. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.19.1.8
{"title":"Acute Severe Icteric Hepatitis Caused by the Novel Corona virus: A Case Report","authors":"Dalia Al-Hasnawi, A. Kareem","doi":"10.22578/ijms.19.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22578/ijms.19.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV-2) cases are being frequently reported nowadays and the objective of this clinical case report is to highlight its unique presentation as acute icteric sever hepatitis. Case report: A 28-year-old female patient presented with 3 days history of fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and jaundice. Lab investigations revealed positive COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test along with picture suggestive of acute severe hepatitis (Aspartate aminotransferase; 2772 U/L (N: <32), Alanine transaminase; 2522 U/L (N: <33), Alkaline phosphatase; 172 U/L (N: 35-104), direct bilirubin 4.2 mg/dl (N: 0-0.3)). The patient was admitted, monitored and started on supportive therapy for 5 days and was discharged well for outpatient follow-up. Conclusion: Requesting liver function test for COVID-19 patients who presents with gastrointestinal symptoms is a crucial decision that can guide us with the management of the case since many drugs used in the treatment of the new SARS‐CoV-2 infection are hepatotoxic and should therefore be used with caution. Keywords: Hepatitis, COVID-19, SARS‐CoV‐2, COVID-19 hepatitis, icteric hepatitis Citation: Al-Hasnawi DH, Kareem AM. Acute severe icteric hepatitis caused by the novel Corona virus: A case report. Iraqi JMS. 2021; 19(1): 56-59. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.19.1.8","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43195482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00144
A. Shyam, Krithika Talari Thyagaraj, Balwant Singh Patle, K. Vidusha, M. Chandrakala
Ab s t r Ac t Background: Fever is the most common presentation of vector-borne diseases. Fever of undetermined origin is also most often caused by an unusual manifestation of a common disease and is a huge public health problem affecting most people in the developing world. Primary objective of this study was to study the seasonal variations and trend analysis of patients with fever in a rural health training center of a tertiary care hospital in South Bengaluru, Karnataka. Materials and methods: A retrospective descriptive record-based analysis of patients with fever was conducted in a rural health training center of a tertiary care hospital, Bengaluru, from January 2019 to September 2019. The trends of fever were analyzed in each village respectively by the method of least squares, linear equation after entering into MS Excel sheet. Results: Study included 5,114 patients with fever, out of which 34% were of 18–30 years. In few villages, there was downward trend of patients with fever and in some villages, an upward trend of patients with fever was observed. Majority of patients with fever (2,795) were observed in August 2019 (12.29%) and September 2019 (12.33%). Conclusion: The number of patients with fever showed a downward and upward trend swings during the study period. Implementation of health education regarding the prevention of the vector-borne diseases is warranted. It emphasizes the importance of visiting a healthcare center in case of a fever. The study will give a better insight into the epidemiology of febrile illnesses. This will further help the health planners to allocate the resources in the most appropriate way.
{"title":"Analysis of Trends of Fever in the Field Practice Area of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Bengaluru: A Retrospective Data Review","authors":"A. Shyam, Krithika Talari Thyagaraj, Balwant Singh Patle, K. Vidusha, M. Chandrakala","doi":"10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00144","url":null,"abstract":"Ab s t r Ac t Background: Fever is the most common presentation of vector-borne diseases. Fever of undetermined origin is also most often caused by an unusual manifestation of a common disease and is a huge public health problem affecting most people in the developing world. Primary objective of this study was to study the seasonal variations and trend analysis of patients with fever in a rural health training center of a tertiary care hospital in South Bengaluru, Karnataka. Materials and methods: A retrospective descriptive record-based analysis of patients with fever was conducted in a rural health training center of a tertiary care hospital, Bengaluru, from January 2019 to September 2019. The trends of fever were analyzed in each village respectively by the method of least squares, linear equation after entering into MS Excel sheet. Results: Study included 5,114 patients with fever, out of which 34% were of 18–30 years. In few villages, there was downward trend of patients with fever and in some villages, an upward trend of patients with fever was observed. Majority of patients with fever (2,795) were observed in August 2019 (12.29%) and September 2019 (12.33%). Conclusion: The number of patients with fever showed a downward and upward trend swings during the study period. Implementation of health education regarding the prevention of the vector-borne diseases is warranted. It emphasizes the importance of visiting a healthcare center in case of a fever. The study will give a better insight into the epidemiology of febrile illnesses. This will further help the health planners to allocate the resources in the most appropriate way.","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87316569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 is an aggressive infection that needs to be aggressively managed as the window period from infection to devastating complications is small. Doctors, nurses, paramedics, sanitary workers, housekeeping and cleaning personnel, all staff of organizations such as hospitals, blood banks, municipality corporation, institutes, media and police personnel and the elderly are vulnerable and most exposed to COVID-19 due to the nature of their work. While the world awaits the arrival of a vaccine, what can we do to stay safer? Several measures have been recommended, like wearing a mask, face shield, maintaining social distance (1–2 meters), frequent handwashing, regular use of sanitizer, avoiding touching of surfaces, avoiding touching of the external surface of your mask, etc. Several medications have been used to treat corona infection; however, there is scant data with regard to prophylaxis. A couple of medications have shown some promise, which include hydroxychloroquine and recently ivermectin.
{"title":"Can We Reduce the Risk or Severity of COVID-19 Disease? Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19 Disease","authors":"S. Manikappa","doi":"10.5005/JMEDS-6-1-IV","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/JMEDS-6-1-IV","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is an aggressive infection that needs to be aggressively managed as the window period from infection to devastating complications is small. Doctors, nurses, paramedics, sanitary workers, housekeeping and cleaning personnel, all staff of organizations such as hospitals, blood banks, municipality corporation, institutes, media and police personnel and the elderly are vulnerable and most exposed to COVID-19 due to the nature of their work. While the world awaits the arrival of a vaccine, what can we do to stay safer? Several measures have been recommended, like wearing a mask, face shield, maintaining social distance (1–2 meters), frequent handwashing, regular use of sanitizer, avoiding touching of surfaces, avoiding touching of the external surface of your mask, etc. Several medications have been used to treat corona infection; however, there is scant data with regard to prophylaxis. A couple of medications have shown some promise, which include hydroxychloroquine and recently ivermectin.","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75201299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00141
Tayfun Çinleti, Ö. Bağ, Ç. Ecevit
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a global disease in newly industrialized countries. Inflammation leads to a structural modification in platelets, and the secretion of cytokines results in a change of mean platelet volume (MPV). To evaluate the relationship between IBD activity parameters and MPV. The study group included 26 patients [consisting of 18 ulcerative colitis (UC), 6 Crohn's disease (CD), and 2 indeterminate colitis patients] followed-up at Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital between 2004 and 2016. The data of patients were screened retrospectively and the demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics were evaluated. The changes in MPV during the activation, remission and relapse periods of the disease and correlation with other disease activity markers were investigated. The study group consisted of 26 IBD patients (female/male: 11/15) and 71 healthy controls. We used the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index and the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index to determine disease activity. The IBD group had statistically significantly higher leukocyte count and lower hemoglobin values compared with the control group (p = 0.05). The mean platelet count and MPV values were not correlated significantly with both the C-reactive protein level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p > 0.05). We suggest that MPV is a simple and inexpensive method that can be useful in the diagnosis of IBD but does not provide significant results to determine the disease activity. Çinleti T, Bağ Ö, Ecevit ÇÖ. Is Mean Platelet Volume a Useful Noninvasive Biomarker for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Childhood? J Med Sci 2020;6(1):4–7.
{"title":"Is Mean Platelet Volume a Useful Noninvasive Biomarker for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Childhood?","authors":"Tayfun Çinleti, Ö. Bağ, Ç. Ecevit","doi":"10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10045-00141","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a global disease in newly industrialized countries. Inflammation leads to a structural modification in platelets, and the secretion of cytokines results in a change of mean platelet volume (MPV).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To evaluate the relationship between IBD activity parameters and MPV.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study group included 26 patients [consisting of 18 ulcerative colitis (UC), 6 Crohn's disease (CD), and 2 indeterminate colitis patients] followed-up at Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital between 2004 and 2016. The data of patients were screened retrospectively and the demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics were evaluated. The changes in MPV during the activation, remission and relapse periods of the disease and correlation with other disease activity markers were investigated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study group consisted of 26 IBD patients (female/male: 11/15) and 71 healthy controls. We used the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index and the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index to determine disease activity. The IBD group had statistically significantly higher leukocyte count and lower hemoglobin values compared with the control group (p = 0.05). The mean platelet count and MPV values were not correlated significantly with both the C-reactive protein level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p > 0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We suggest that MPV is a simple and inexpensive method that can be useful in the diagnosis of IBD but does not provide significant results to determine the disease activity.\u0000\u0000Çinleti T, Bağ Ö, Ecevit ÇÖ. Is Mean Platelet Volume a Useful Noninvasive Biomarker for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Childhood? J Med Sci 2020;6(1):4–7.\u0000","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"419 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84917298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is associated with the depletion of T cells, resulting in weak or absent virus specific T cells reactivity, which is described as ‘exhaustion’. This exhaustion is characterized by impaired cytokine production and sustained expression of multiple coinhibitory molecules. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is one of many coinhibitory molecules that can attenuate T cell activation by inhibiting stimulation and transmitting inhibitory signals to T cells. Objective: To explore the effect of CTLA-4+49A/G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the progression CHB in Iraqi patients. Methods: Blood serum and genomic DNA was isolated from 90 patients with CHB. Tetra-Primer Amplification Refractory System-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR) was used for amplification and genotyping of CTLA-4 gene using specific primers, and plasma hepatitis B virus (HBV) viral load was investigated by real time PCR, in addition to estimate the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and anti-HBe by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: AA genotype was more frequent among uncomplicated than complicated CHB (44.83% versus 28.12%) with a significant difference (OR= 0.315, 95%CI=1.0-0.99, p= 0.048). Conclusion: These data strongly suggested the persistence role of CTLA-4+49 polymorphism against HBV among Iraqi patients. Keywords: CTLA 4, SNP, ARMS-PCR Citation: Mahdi YS, Kadhim HS. Evaluation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Antigen-4 (+49A/G) gene polymorphism in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 101-109. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.3
{"title":"Evaluation of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4 (+49A/G) Gene Polymorphism in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection","authors":"Yasmin Mahdi, Haidar Kadhim","doi":"10.22578/ijms.18.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22578/ijms.18.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is associated with the depletion of T cells, resulting in weak or absent virus specific T cells reactivity, which is described as ‘exhaustion’. This exhaustion is characterized by impaired cytokine production and sustained expression of multiple coinhibitory molecules. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is one of many coinhibitory molecules that can attenuate T cell activation by inhibiting stimulation and transmitting inhibitory signals to T cells. Objective: To explore the effect of CTLA-4+49A/G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the progression CHB in Iraqi patients. Methods: Blood serum and genomic DNA was isolated from 90 patients with CHB. Tetra-Primer Amplification Refractory System-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR) was used for amplification and genotyping of CTLA-4 gene using specific primers, and plasma hepatitis B virus (HBV) viral load was investigated by real time PCR, in addition to estimate the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and anti-HBe by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: AA genotype was more frequent among uncomplicated than complicated CHB (44.83% versus 28.12%) with a significant difference (OR= 0.315, 95%CI=1.0-0.99, p= 0.048). Conclusion: These data strongly suggested the persistence role of CTLA-4+49 polymorphism against HBV among Iraqi patients. Keywords: CTLA 4, SNP, ARMS-PCR Citation: Mahdi YS, Kadhim HS. Evaluation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Antigen-4 (+49A/G) gene polymorphism in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 101-109. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.3","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44645791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asmaa B. Al-obaidi, M. Jasim, Mustafa R. Hussein, H. Kadhim, M. Habib
Opportunistic viral infections make an important threat to renal transplant recipients (RTRs), and with the use of more intense newly-developed immunosuppressive drugs; the risk of renal allograft loss due to reactivation of these viruses considerably increased. At the top priority of these viruses, human cytomegalovirus and other herpes viruses in addition to polyomavirus, reactivation of these viruses in these chronically immunosuppressed RTRs can lead to renal impairment and subsequently loss, unless early detected and properly treated. Keywords: kidney transplantation, viral infections Citation: Al-Obaidi AB, Jasim MB, Hussein MR, Kadhim HS, Habib MA. Opportunistic viral infections after kidney transplantation: A review. Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 79-93. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.1
{"title":"Opportunistic Viral Infections After Kidney Transplantation: A Review","authors":"Asmaa B. Al-obaidi, M. Jasim, Mustafa R. Hussein, H. Kadhim, M. Habib","doi":"10.22578/ijms.18.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22578/ijms.18.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Opportunistic viral infections make an important threat to renal transplant recipients (RTRs), and with the use of more intense newly-developed immunosuppressive drugs; the risk of renal allograft loss due to reactivation of these viruses considerably increased. At the top priority of these viruses, human cytomegalovirus and other herpes viruses in addition to polyomavirus, reactivation of these viruses in these chronically immunosuppressed RTRs can lead to renal impairment and subsequently loss, unless early detected and properly treated. Keywords: kidney transplantation, viral infections Citation: Al-Obaidi AB, Jasim MB, Hussein MR, Kadhim HS, Habib MA. Opportunistic viral infections after kidney transplantation: A review. Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 79-93. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.1","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44089586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Spirometry is a physiological procedure used as a diagnostic tool for disease diagnosis; e.g. obstructive pulmonary diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The bronchodilator test is a method of measuring lung capacity changes following inhalation of a short-acting bronchodilator drug that dilates the airway, this test helps to diagnose, evaluate and differentiate asthma from COPD. Objective: To evaluate the role of forced expiratory volume in third second (FEV3) as an alternative for forced vital capacity (FVC) in assessing bronchodilator response in patients with chronic obstructive airway diseases. Methods: The study a case-control, comparative study done from November 2018 to November 2019. The cases involved divided into 2 groups; patients group included (80) patients with chronic obstructed pulmonary diseases (asthma and COPD) and control group included (160) apparently healthy peoples aged and sex matched. Lung function was measured using a standard protocol and electronic table spirometry. Bronchodilator test was done for each patient with chronic obstructed defect on spirometer. Results: There was no significant difference between (FVC), FVC% and (FEV3), FEV3% respectively before bronchodilator and there was no significant difference after bronchodilator in patients. There was no significant difference between FEV1/FVC, FEV1/FVC % and FEV1/ FEV3, FEV1/FEV3% respectively before bronchodilator and there was no significant difference after bronchodilator in patients. Conclusion: FEV3 can be used as an alternative to FVC in patients with chronic obstructive airway diseases for assessing bronchodilator response. Keywords: Spirometry, Bronchodilator test, FVC%, FEV3%, FEV1/FVC%, FEV1/FEV3% Citation: Jizar AY, Hashim ZH, Jasim AH. Role of forced expiratory volume in third second (FEV3) as an alternative to forced vital capacity (FVC) in assessing bronchodilator response in patients with chronic obstructive airway diseases. Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 94-100. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.2
{"title":"Role of Forced Expiratory Volume in Third second (FEV3) as An Alternative to Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) in Assessing Bronchodilator Response in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases","authors":"Alaa Jizar, Zeinab Hashim, A. Jasim","doi":"10.22578/ijms.18.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22578/ijms.18.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Spirometry is a physiological procedure used as a diagnostic tool for disease diagnosis; e.g. obstructive pulmonary diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The bronchodilator test is a method of measuring lung capacity changes following inhalation of a short-acting bronchodilator drug that dilates the airway, this test helps to diagnose, evaluate and differentiate asthma from COPD. Objective: To evaluate the role of forced expiratory volume in third second (FEV3) as an alternative for forced vital capacity (FVC) in assessing bronchodilator response in patients with chronic obstructive airway diseases. Methods: The study a case-control, comparative study done from November 2018 to November 2019. The cases involved divided into 2 groups; patients group included (80) patients with chronic obstructed pulmonary diseases (asthma and COPD) and control group included (160) apparently healthy peoples aged and sex matched. Lung function was measured using a standard protocol and electronic table spirometry. Bronchodilator test was done for each patient with chronic obstructed defect on spirometer. Results: There was no significant difference between (FVC), FVC% and (FEV3), FEV3% respectively before bronchodilator and there was no significant difference after bronchodilator in patients. There was no significant difference between FEV1/FVC, FEV1/FVC % and FEV1/ FEV3, FEV1/FEV3% respectively before bronchodilator and there was no significant difference after bronchodilator in patients. Conclusion: FEV3 can be used as an alternative to FVC in patients with chronic obstructive airway diseases for assessing bronchodilator response. Keywords: Spirometry, Bronchodilator test, FVC%, FEV3%, FEV1/FVC%, FEV1/FEV3% Citation: Jizar AY, Hashim ZH, Jasim AH. Role of forced expiratory volume in third second (FEV3) as an alternative to forced vital capacity (FVC) in assessing bronchodilator response in patients with chronic obstructive airway diseases. Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 94-100. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.2","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46878652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Incisional hernia (IH) after abdominal surgery is a well-known complication and its incidence continues to be 10-15% after laparotomy. The repair of IH has always been a challenge to the surgeon. Various operative techniques for the repair of IH are in practice; however, the management is not standardized. The sublay technique has been reported to be quite effective, with low recurrence rates and minimal complications. Objective: To assess the advantage and complications of sublay mesh repair of IH in comparison to onlay mesh repair. Methods: Prospective study of 63 patients undergoing repair of IH from 1st January 2013 to 1st February 2015 done in General Surgical Unit of Al-Imamein Al-kadhmein Medical City. 42 cases of IH were managed by onlay mesh repair and 21 cases of IH were managed by sublay mesh repair. Results: Post-operative complications like seroma and wound infection were comparable in both groups. In sublay group seroma formation was one patient (4.76%). Wound infection was in one patient (4.76%). No septic mesh was removed in the series. In onlay group, seroma formation was in 9 patients (21.42%); most of seroma occur in large IH repair, wound infection was in 2 patients (4.76%) and one septic mesh was removed. In sublay recurrence rate was 0%, in onlay recurrence rate was in one patient (4.76%). Conclusion: Sublay mesh although it is more time consuming and technically more difficult, however, it carries low recurrence rate and few postoperative wound complication. Keywords: Sublay, onlay, Mesh Repair, Incisional Hernia Citation: Hasan YA, Al-Helfy SHA, Jabur RT. Is sublay mesh repair for incisional hernia better than conventional onlay mesh repair? Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 138-144. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.8.
{"title":"Is Sublay Mesh Repair for Incisional Hernia Better Than Conventional Onlay Mesh Repair?","authors":"Yasir Hasan, S. Al-Helfy, Riaydh Jabur","doi":"10.22578/ijms.18.2.8.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22578/ijms.18.2.8.","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Incisional hernia (IH) after abdominal surgery is a well-known complication and its incidence continues to be 10-15% after laparotomy. The repair of IH has always been a challenge to the surgeon. Various operative techniques for the repair of IH are in practice; however, the management is not standardized. The sublay technique has been reported to be quite effective, with low recurrence rates and minimal complications. Objective: To assess the advantage and complications of sublay mesh repair of IH in comparison to onlay mesh repair. Methods: Prospective study of 63 patients undergoing repair of IH from 1st January 2013 to 1st February 2015 done in General Surgical Unit of Al-Imamein Al-kadhmein Medical City. 42 cases of IH were managed by onlay mesh repair and 21 cases of IH were managed by sublay mesh repair. Results: Post-operative complications like seroma and wound infection were comparable in both groups. In sublay group seroma formation was one patient (4.76%). Wound infection was in one patient (4.76%). No septic mesh was removed in the series. In onlay group, seroma formation was in 9 patients (21.42%); most of seroma occur in large IH repair, wound infection was in 2 patients (4.76%) and one septic mesh was removed. In sublay recurrence rate was 0%, in onlay recurrence rate was in one patient (4.76%). Conclusion: Sublay mesh although it is more time consuming and technically more difficult, however, it carries low recurrence rate and few postoperative wound complication. Keywords: Sublay, onlay, Mesh Repair, Incisional Hernia Citation: Hasan YA, Al-Helfy SHA, Jabur RT. Is sublay mesh repair for incisional hernia better than conventional onlay mesh repair? Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 138-144. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.8.","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42340961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Hypertension is a major cardiovascular problem across the globe. Electrolytes like magnesium are linked with the pathophysiology of essential hypertension by various studies. Objective: To evaluate the serum magnesium in patients with essential hypertension compared to healthy control. Methods: A case-control study recruited 45 patients with essential hypertension and 45 matched healthy control. The study was conducted in the Medical Outpatient Clinic in the Medical City Teaching Complex, Baghdad, from July 2016 to November 2016. Serum magnesium measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers (AAS). Results: Serum magnesium was significantly lower in patients with essential hypertension when compared to healthy control. Female had lowest serum Mg in the patients’ group. Mg was low in obese hypertensive patients. Serum Mg tends to be lower with longer duration of hypertensin ( r value-0.227) but it didn’t reach statistical significance (p value 0.133). Conclusion: Serum magnesium levels were found to be low in hypertensive patients when compared with normotensive persons. Keywords: Hypertension, magnesium Citation: Athab AK, Al-Taee HA, Ali AS. Serum magnesium in a sample of iraqi adults with essential hypertension. Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 117-122. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.5
{"title":"Serum Magnesium in a Sample of Iraqi Adults with Essential Hypertension","authors":"Azhar Athab, Huda Al-Taee, Ala Ali","doi":"10.22578/ijms.18.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22578/ijms.18.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypertension is a major cardiovascular problem across the globe. Electrolytes like magnesium are linked with the pathophysiology of essential hypertension by various studies. Objective: To evaluate the serum magnesium in patients with essential hypertension compared to healthy control. Methods: A case-control study recruited 45 patients with essential hypertension and 45 matched healthy control. The study was conducted in the Medical Outpatient Clinic in the Medical City Teaching Complex, Baghdad, from July 2016 to November 2016. Serum magnesium measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers (AAS). Results: Serum magnesium was significantly lower in patients with essential hypertension when compared to healthy control. Female had lowest serum Mg in the patients’ group. Mg was low in obese hypertensive patients. Serum Mg tends to be lower with longer duration of hypertensin ( r value-0.227) but it didn’t reach statistical significance (p value 0.133). Conclusion: Serum magnesium levels were found to be low in hypertensive patients when compared with normotensive persons. Keywords: Hypertension, magnesium Citation: Athab AK, Al-Taee HA, Ali AS. Serum magnesium in a sample of iraqi adults with essential hypertension. Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 117-122. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.5","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44749572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Joda, Zuhair Chhaily, Ahmed Muhsen Abd Ali, Laith Rahee
Background: Subtrochanteric fractures account for approximately 10-30% of all hip fractures, affecting persons of all ages and should be internally fixed to reduce the morbidity and mortality by early rehabilitation and mobilization. A dynamic condylar screw (DCS) and a 95° angle blade plate (BP) provide a good choice for fixation of subtrochanteric fractures so it is a matter of debate that which one is the best fixation in such fractures. Objective: To evaluate the surgical treatment of subtrochanteric fracture of femur using DCS versus a 95° BP. Methods: Prospective comparative study of 40 patients conducted in Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City from November 2015 to November 2017. Twenty patients treated with open reduction and internal fixation by using DCS and other twenty patients treated with open reduction and internal fixation by using a 95° BP. The mode of injury, site and type of fracture, age of patients, operating time, and blood loss, union rate, complication of implants, functional results were compared between the groups. Results: Out of 40 patients, there were 26 (65%) male, right side affected in 24 (60%) patients. Mechanism of injury was trivial trauma observed in 28 (70%) patients. According to a Russell-Taylors classification, majority of fractures are type IB that observed in 16 (40%) patients. Majority of the patients, 27 (67.5%), started full weight bearing at 14 weeks. There was no significant mean age difference between the two groups (p=0.7). The mean operation time of DCS (83±4.3 min) was lower significantly than of 95° BP (p<0.001). Mean blood loss from DCS variety (365±63 cc) was lower significantly than of 95° BP (p=0007). Infection occurred less frequently significantly in patients who treated by DCS than those treated by 95° BP (p=0.03). There was no association between types of open reduction and internal fixation treatment variety and functional result according to the modified Harris hip score (p=0.52). Conclusion: DCS better than 95ᵒ BP because of its technically easier, possibility to correct reduction even after insertion, less perioperative complication and earlier weight bearing. Keywords: Subtrochanteric fractures of femur, dynamic condylar screw, 95ᵒ BP Citation: Joda AI, Chhaily ZA, Abd Ali AS, Rahee LS. Is dynamic condylar screw better than (95°) blade plate in management of subtrochanteric fracture of femur? Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 123-129. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.6
{"title":"Is Dynamic Condylar Screw Better Than (95°) Blade Plate in Management of Subtrochanteric Fracture of Femur?","authors":"A. Joda, Zuhair Chhaily, Ahmed Muhsen Abd Ali, Laith Rahee","doi":"10.22578/ijms.18.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22578/ijms.18.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Subtrochanteric fractures account for approximately 10-30% of all hip fractures, affecting persons of all ages and should be internally fixed to reduce the morbidity and mortality by early rehabilitation and mobilization. A dynamic condylar screw (DCS) and a 95° angle blade plate (BP) provide a good choice for fixation of subtrochanteric fractures so it is a matter of debate that which one is the best fixation in such fractures. Objective: To evaluate the surgical treatment of subtrochanteric fracture of femur using DCS versus a 95° BP. Methods: Prospective comparative study of 40 patients conducted in Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City from November 2015 to November 2017. Twenty patients treated with open reduction and internal fixation by using DCS and other twenty patients treated with open reduction and internal fixation by using a 95° BP. The mode of injury, site and type of fracture, age of patients, operating time, and blood loss, union rate, complication of implants, functional results were compared between the groups. Results: Out of 40 patients, there were 26 (65%) male, right side affected in 24 (60%) patients. Mechanism of injury was trivial trauma observed in 28 (70%) patients. According to a Russell-Taylors classification, majority of fractures are type IB that observed in 16 (40%) patients. Majority of the patients, 27 (67.5%), started full weight bearing at 14 weeks. There was no significant mean age difference between the two groups (p=0.7). The mean operation time of DCS (83±4.3 min) was lower significantly than of 95° BP (p<0.001). Mean blood loss from DCS variety (365±63 cc) was lower significantly than of 95° BP (p=0007). Infection occurred less frequently significantly in patients who treated by DCS than those treated by 95° BP (p=0.03). There was no association between types of open reduction and internal fixation treatment variety and functional result according to the modified Harris hip score (p=0.52). Conclusion: DCS better than 95ᵒ BP because of its technically easier, possibility to correct reduction even after insertion, less perioperative complication and earlier weight bearing. Keywords: Subtrochanteric fractures of femur, dynamic condylar screw, 95ᵒ BP Citation: Joda AI, Chhaily ZA, Abd Ali AS, Rahee LS. Is dynamic condylar screw better than (95°) blade plate in management of subtrochanteric fracture of femur? Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 123-129. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.6","PeriodicalId":33135,"journal":{"name":"The Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43050700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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