Pub Date : 2022-06-13DOI: 10.35885/1684-7318-2022-1-17-33
S. V. Magerramov, K. S. Martsokha, S. A. Yakovlev, V. S. Mandzhieva, V. Bondarev, G. V. Lidzhi-Garyaeva, A. Matrosov, N. V. Popov
The influence of the global climate warming on the population dynamics of the small ground squirrel at the border of its range in the northern desert zone on the territory of the Ilmenno-Prideltovy landscape area of the Caspian lowland in 1945–2019 is considered. Data on the numbers of small ground squirrels and the average monthly air temperature in January–February at the Astrakhan weather stations for the last 75 years have been analyzed and statistically processed. It is emphasized that the abundance dynamics of the species is determined by a whole complex of natural and anthropogenic factors. At the same time, in desert conditions, the distribution of air temperature and precipitation by seasons and years is limiting for the small ground squirrel. The January–February temperature effect provoking the awakening of the small ground squirrel from hibernation is analyzed. The high January temperature, followed by the February cooling, led to the mass death of animals, which would subsequently negatively affect the phenology of the main phenomena in the life of this monoestral species, disrupt the population structure and lead to a decrease in the numbers of animals. Against the background of the low January air temperatures, the awakening of the small gopher took place in February–March, and the higher February temperatures provided optimal conditions for a simultaneous exit from hibernation and participation in the reproduction of all sex and age groups of small gophers. Such a combination of January and February air temperatures took place during 1960–1979, which contributed to the growth and preservation of a relatively high level of the species' abundance. The high temperatures of the 1980–2009 winter months provoked the early release of the animals from hibernation: the numbers of ground squirrels decreased and kept at a low level. Against the background of decreases temperatures of the 2010–2019 winter periods, the effect of stabilization of the small ground squirrel population and some increase in the density of the species was observed.
{"title":"Modern climate warming impact on the population dynamics of the small ground squirrel (Spermophilus pygmaeus Pallas, 1778) (Rodentia, Mammalia) in the Ilmenno-Prideltovy region of the Caspian lowland","authors":"S. V. Magerramov, K. S. Martsokha, S. A. Yakovlev, V. S. Mandzhieva, V. Bondarev, G. V. Lidzhi-Garyaeva, A. Matrosov, N. V. Popov","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2022-1-17-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2022-1-17-33","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of the global climate warming on the population dynamics of the small ground squirrel at the border of its range in the northern desert zone on the territory of the Ilmenno-Prideltovy landscape area of the Caspian lowland in 1945–2019 is considered. Data on the numbers of small ground squirrels and the average monthly air temperature in January–February at the Astrakhan weather stations for the last 75 years have been analyzed and statistically processed. It is emphasized that the abundance dynamics of the species is determined by a whole complex of natural and anthropogenic factors. At the same time, in desert conditions, the distribution of air temperature and precipitation by seasons and years is limiting for the small ground squirrel. The January–February temperature effect provoking the awakening of the small ground squirrel from hibernation is analyzed. The high January temperature, followed by the February cooling, led to the mass death of animals, which would subsequently negatively affect the phenology of the main phenomena in the life of this monoestral species, disrupt the population structure and lead to a decrease in the numbers of animals. Against the background of the low January air temperatures, the awakening of the small gopher took place in February–March, and the higher February temperatures provided optimal conditions for a simultaneous exit from hibernation and participation in the reproduction of all sex and age groups of small gophers. Such a combination of January and February air temperatures took place during 1960–1979, which contributed to the growth and preservation of a relatively high level of the species' abundance. The high temperatures of the 1980–2009 winter months provoked the early release of the animals from hibernation: the numbers of ground squirrels decreased and kept at a low level. Against the background of decreases temperatures of the 2010–2019 winter periods, the effect of stabilization of the small ground squirrel population and some increase in the density of the species was observed.","PeriodicalId":33231,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskii ekologicheskii zhurnal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43573259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-13DOI: 10.35885/1684-7318-2022-1-55-78
A. S. Parkhomenko, A. Kashin, I. V. Shilova, L. V. Grebenyuk, A. V. Bogoslov, A. Denisov, A. O. Kondratyeva, V. Parkhomenko
The fruits of Trapa natans L. s. l. (Trapaceae), which has disappeared from the territory of the Saratov region, collected in the floodplain lakes of the Khoper river in the Voronezh region (Novokhopersky district), were sown in the fall of 2019 and spring of 2020 into the Khoper and Volga rivers within the Saratov region. In the fall of 2020, 17 recipient populations were observed, and the number of water caltrop rosettes in most of them was less than that of nuts sown. The number of rosettes equal to or greater than that of the nuts sown was observed in three recipient populations only. According to the morphometric parameters of the vegetative sphere, five recipient populations (Nos 6, 7, 9, 15, and 21) from the Khoper river approach the donor ones, while only two recipient populations (Nos 7 and 9) from the Khoper river approach them by the potential and actual seed productivity. The reintroduction of T. natans populations seems more promising in the Khoper river, whilst it is difficult in the Volga river due to sudden changes in the water level during the season.
{"title":"Variability of morphological parameters of Trapa natans (Trapaceae, Magnoliópsida) during reintroduction into water bodies of the Saratov region from those of the Voronezh region","authors":"A. S. Parkhomenko, A. Kashin, I. V. Shilova, L. V. Grebenyuk, A. V. Bogoslov, A. Denisov, A. O. Kondratyeva, V. Parkhomenko","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2022-1-55-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2022-1-55-78","url":null,"abstract":"The fruits of Trapa natans L. s. l. (Trapaceae), which has disappeared from the territory of the Saratov region, collected in the floodplain lakes of the Khoper river in the Voronezh region (Novokhopersky district), were sown in the fall of 2019 and spring of 2020 into the Khoper and Volga rivers within the Saratov region. In the fall of 2020, 17 recipient populations were observed, and the number of water caltrop rosettes in most of them was less than that of nuts sown. The number of rosettes equal to or greater than that of the nuts sown was observed in three recipient populations only. According to the morphometric parameters of the vegetative sphere, five recipient populations (Nos 6, 7, 9, 15, and 21) from the Khoper river approach the donor ones, while only two recipient populations (Nos 7 and 9) from the Khoper river approach them by the potential and actual seed productivity. The reintroduction of T. natans populations seems more promising in the Khoper river, whilst it is difficult in the Volga river due to sudden changes in the water level during the season.","PeriodicalId":33231,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskii ekologicheskii zhurnal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48335848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-11DOI: 10.35885/1684-7318-2021-4-458-467
P. Bogomolov, N. Feoktistova, M. V. Kropotkina, A. Surov
Meta-analysis of the spontaneous activity of Internet users is proposed as an alternative to traditional methods of counting the number of species which people often encounter in their lives. Using the wordstat.yandex.ru tool the statistics of search queries on the topic of struggle against the common hamster (Cricetus cricetus L., 1758) as an agricultural pest was collected for 4 years. The tool allows tying the obtained data array to particular administrative subjects. As a result, a “pest map” of the species (equivalent to its relative abundance) was compiles. Our comparison of these data with those obtained earlier for the furs harvest (1950s) has allowed us to reveal trends in its changes by provinces. It is supposed that search statistic analysis is an underestimated resource, which would allow one to effectively obtain information on the abundance and distribution not only of the common hamster, but also of other species frequently contacting with humans (brown rat, water vole, beaver, muskrat, etc.).
{"title":"Use of Internet resources to estimate the abundance of species contacting with humans (with an example of the common hamster (Cricetus cricetus L., 1758) (Cricetidae, Rodentia))","authors":"P. Bogomolov, N. Feoktistova, M. V. Kropotkina, A. Surov","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2021-4-458-467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2021-4-458-467","url":null,"abstract":"Meta-analysis of the spontaneous activity of Internet users is proposed as an alternative to traditional methods of counting the number of species which people often encounter in their lives. Using the wordstat.yandex.ru tool the statistics of search queries on the topic of struggle against the common hamster (Cricetus cricetus L., 1758) as an agricultural pest was collected for 4 years. The tool allows tying the obtained data array to particular administrative subjects. As a result, a “pest map” of the species (equivalent to its relative abundance) was compiles. Our comparison of these data with those obtained earlier for the furs harvest (1950s) has allowed us to reveal trends in its changes by provinces. It is supposed that search statistic analysis is an underestimated resource, which would allow one to effectively obtain information on the abundance and distribution not only of the common hamster, but also of other species frequently contacting with humans (brown rat, water vole, beaver, muskrat, etc.).","PeriodicalId":33231,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskii ekologicheskii zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70079087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-11DOI: 10.35885/1684-7318-2021-4-436-446
A. Vasilyev
Problems of transport noise monitoring are considered. Existing approaches to transport noise monitoring have a number of disadvantages. The influence of the noise from transport and other sources on the public health was estimated. The results show a reliable, statistically significant dependence of the population illness growth on acoustical pollution. A new system of transport noise monitoring is suggested and approved in conditions of the Samara region of Russia. This system has a number of advantages for acoustic research. The acoustic characteristics of separate vehicles and their spectral values were investigated as well. Analysis of our measurement results of the transport noise from cars of different kinds shows that the most significant noise values are observed within a low frequency range. Thus, when reducing transport noise down to appropriate hygienic values, special attention should be paid to reduction of the low-frequency component of noise.
{"title":"Peculiarities and results of transport noise monitoring with the example of the Samara region of Russia","authors":"A. Vasilyev","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2021-4-436-446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2021-4-436-446","url":null,"abstract":"Problems of transport noise monitoring are considered. Existing approaches to transport noise monitoring have a number of disadvantages. The influence of the noise from transport and other sources on the public health was estimated. The results show a reliable, statistically significant dependence of the population illness growth on acoustical pollution. A new system of transport noise monitoring is suggested and approved in conditions of the Samara region of Russia. This system has a number of advantages for acoustic research. The acoustic characteristics of separate vehicles and their spectral values were investigated as well. Analysis of our measurement results of the transport noise from cars of different kinds shows that the most significant noise values are observed within a low frequency range. Thus, when reducing transport noise down to appropriate hygienic values, special attention should be paid to reduction of the low-frequency component of noise.","PeriodicalId":33231,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskii ekologicheskii zhurnal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44484195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-11DOI: 10.35885/1684-7318-2021-4-447-457
N. V. Vedeneeva, E. V. Skidanov, Y. Matveev
This work is devoted to assessment of the bacterial contamination of drainage systems in a galvanic production. In the course of the study, two strains of microorganisms which cause microbial contamination and lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the process equipment were isolated from water and wash sediment samples taken in the industrial water supply system of the enterprise and identified. Our study of the morphological and cultural properties of the isolated strains of bacteria has allowed them to be attributed to the genus Bacillus. As a result of a metagenomic analysis of the composition of microbial communities for the 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA variable regions) according to the GenBank database on an ABI Prism 3730 automatic sequencer, the homology of the first strain with typical strains of the subgroup B. velezensis and B. amyloliquefaciens was established within 99.4–99.9%. When identifying the second isolated strain, the homology with B. altitudinis was 99.7%. Our study of the properties of the isolated strains has shown that they are neither pathogenic nor toxigenic. To reduce the microbial load in the technical water supply system, a series of experiments was carried out to select a biocide. Several variants of disinfectants of various groups were tested, namely: oxidizing ones (chloramine (a chlorine derivative of ammonia), hydrogen peroxide) and non-oxidizing ones (polymeric derivatives of polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) produced by JSC NPK Mediana-filter and polyazolidine ammonium ionohydrate (PAG-M) produced by LLC “Constanta”). The polymeric compounds were found to be more effective than the chlorine-based disinfectants. An aqueous solution of polyhexamethylene guanidine had the best bactericidal effect on the microorganisms, therefore it was recommended to combat the existing bacterial contamination.
{"title":"Assessment of bacterial pollution of closed water supply systems of galvanized productions","authors":"N. V. Vedeneeva, E. V. Skidanov, Y. Matveev","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2021-4-447-457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2021-4-447-457","url":null,"abstract":"This work is devoted to assessment of the bacterial contamination of drainage systems in a galvanic production. In the course of the study, two strains of microorganisms which cause microbial contamination and lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the process equipment were isolated from water and wash sediment samples taken in the industrial water supply system of the enterprise and identified. Our study of the morphological and cultural properties of the isolated strains of bacteria has allowed them to be attributed to the genus Bacillus. As a result of a metagenomic analysis of the composition of microbial communities for the 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA variable regions) according to the GenBank database on an ABI Prism 3730 automatic sequencer, the homology of the first strain with typical strains of the subgroup B. velezensis and B. amyloliquefaciens was established within 99.4–99.9%. When identifying the second isolated strain, the homology with B. altitudinis was 99.7%. Our study of the properties of the isolated strains has shown that they are neither pathogenic nor toxigenic. To reduce the microbial load in the technical water supply system, a series of experiments was carried out to select a biocide. Several variants of disinfectants of various groups were tested, namely: oxidizing ones (chloramine (a chlorine derivative of ammonia), hydrogen peroxide) and non-oxidizing ones (polymeric derivatives of polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) produced by JSC NPK Mediana-filter and polyazolidine ammonium ionohydrate (PAG-M) produced by LLC “Constanta”). The polymeric compounds were found to be more effective than the chlorine-based disinfectants. An aqueous solution of polyhexamethylene guanidine had the best bactericidal effect on the microorganisms, therefore it was recommended to combat the existing bacterial contamination.","PeriodicalId":33231,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskii ekologicheskii zhurnal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47315948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-11DOI: 10.35885/1684-7318-2021-4-371-384
O. Antonova
The paper discusses promising directions of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation in the field of ecology and nature management, and related problems and solutions for assessing the public health risk. The prospects of creating methods for rapid assessment of public health risk using modern data and representations of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of the substance are substantiated. It is shown that it is possible to deduce adequate mathematical dependencies for substances regardless of their structure, based on modern concepts of the formation of the dose of a toxicant in the body from the position of toxicokinetics. For an adequate forecast of toxicometric indicators (LD, ED) when constructing mathematical models, it is proposed to use pharmaco- and toxicokinetic parameters estimated within the normal range as independent variables (for medicinal substances – not higher than their therapeutic doses, for the other ones – not higher than their thresholds). Our definitions of the notions of norm, threshold of harmful action and pre-pathological conditions of the body from the position of detoxification of substances are presented. The reference range of the norm for the values of the pharmaco- and toxicokinetic parameters of a substance is justified taking into account individual differences of the organism within the boundary of the standard deviation (±2δ) from the normatively established value, which does not lead to any negative (side) physiological deviations.
{"title":"Promising approaches to assessing the public health risk with real ways of entering a toxicant into the body","authors":"O. Antonova","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2021-4-371-384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2021-4-371-384","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses promising directions of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation in the field of ecology and nature management, and related problems and solutions for assessing the public health risk. The prospects of creating methods for rapid assessment of public health risk using modern data and representations of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of the substance are substantiated. It is shown that it is possible to deduce adequate mathematical dependencies for substances regardless of their structure, based on modern concepts of the formation of the dose of a toxicant in the body from the position of toxicokinetics. For an adequate forecast of toxicometric indicators (LD, ED) when constructing mathematical models, it is proposed to use pharmaco- and toxicokinetic parameters estimated within the normal range as independent variables (for medicinal substances – not higher than their therapeutic doses, for the other ones – not higher than their thresholds). Our definitions of the notions of norm, threshold of harmful action and pre-pathological conditions of the body from the position of detoxification of substances are presented. The reference range of the norm for the values of the pharmaco- and toxicokinetic parameters of a substance is justified taking into account individual differences of the organism within the boundary of the standard deviation (±2δ) from the normatively established value, which does not lead to any negative (side) physiological deviations.","PeriodicalId":33231,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskii ekologicheskii zhurnal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43965573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-11DOI: 10.35885/1684-7318-2021-4-468-477
V. V. Kiyashko, I. Kiyashko
The results of our monitoring of small rivers in the Saratov region (tributaries of the Volgograd reservoir) are presented. Hydrochemical and organoleptic analysis of water quality was carried out. The species composition of the ichthyofauna of water bodies has been investigated. Factors affecting the chemical composition and organoleptic parameters of small river water are shown, namely: the degree of economic development of the river valley and geomorphological characteristics. An increase in the degree of pollution (eutrophication) of the small tributaries of the Volgograd reservoir negatively affects the ichthyofauna of the reservoirs by reducing the numbers of the most water-demanding fish species (stenobionts) with their subsequent disappearance and, as a result, the reservoir passes from one fishery type to another one.
{"title":"Influence of hydrochemical parameters on the species diversity of the fish fauna of small rivers in the Saratov region","authors":"V. V. Kiyashko, I. Kiyashko","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2021-4-468-477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2021-4-468-477","url":null,"abstract":"The results of our monitoring of small rivers in the Saratov region (tributaries of the Volgograd reservoir) are presented. Hydrochemical and organoleptic analysis of water quality was carried out. The species composition of the ichthyofauna of water bodies has been investigated. Factors affecting the chemical composition and organoleptic parameters of small river water are shown, namely: the degree of economic development of the river valley and geomorphological characteristics. An increase in the degree of pollution (eutrophication) of the small tributaries of the Volgograd reservoir negatively affects the ichthyofauna of the reservoirs by reducing the numbers of the most water-demanding fish species (stenobionts) with their subsequent disappearance and, as a result, the reservoir passes from one fishery type to another one.","PeriodicalId":33231,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskii ekologicheskii zhurnal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49304507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-11DOI: 10.35885/1684-7318-2021-4-418-435
N. V. Blagoveshenskaya
Based on our analysis of the spore-pollen complexes of the Holocene, the controversial issue of the primary origin of the Volga mountain oak forests of the Volga Upland has been resolved. The main stages of their formation have been restored, namely: “tundra-steppe” with wormwood-haze, horsetail and fern cenoses (forest zone 10, 10,300–9,300 years ago); cereal-forb, wormwood and wormwood-haze steppes, steppe sparse birch forests (zone 9, 9,300–8,500 years ago); gramineous-forb and sod-gramineous steppes and very sparse birch woodland (zone 8, 8,500−8,000 years ago); birch forests and grass-forb steppes, the emergence of the Volga upland oak forests (zone 7, 8,000–6,000 years ago); the formation and flowering of oak forests (zones 6– 4, 6,000–2,500 years ago); stepping and thinning of deciduous forests and sod-grass steppes with a noticeable participation of weed and cultivated species, the emergence of the first agrocenoses (zone 3, 2,500–700 years ago); and the emergence of secondary undergrowth birch forests, oak forests, lime forests and aspen forests. Secondary meadow and sandy steppes with an abundance of weed species (ruderal, pasqual and segetal). The emergence of secondary steppes in the place of deforestation. Expansion of agrocenoses (zone 2, 700–300 years ago); reduction in the area of Volga upland oak forests, massive introduction of maple and, singly, pine (zone 1, 300 years ago – to the present). It has been concluded that the Volga upland oak forests are the native vegetation formation of the Volga Upland, formed about 6,000 years ago, long before the beginning of human economic activity. The modern appearance of this territory was formed about 400–300 years ago, with the beginning of the mass development of the territory.
{"title":"Origin and evolution of the Volga mountain oak forests","authors":"N. V. Blagoveshenskaya","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2021-4-418-435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2021-4-418-435","url":null,"abstract":"Based on our analysis of the spore-pollen complexes of the Holocene, the controversial issue of the primary origin of the Volga mountain oak forests of the Volga Upland has been resolved. The main stages of their formation have been restored, namely: “tundra-steppe” with wormwood-haze, horsetail and fern cenoses (forest zone 10, 10,300–9,300 years ago); cereal-forb, wormwood and wormwood-haze steppes, steppe sparse birch forests (zone 9, 9,300–8,500 years ago); gramineous-forb and sod-gramineous steppes and very sparse birch woodland (zone 8, 8,500−8,000 years ago); birch forests and grass-forb steppes, the emergence of the Volga upland oak forests (zone 7, 8,000–6,000 years ago); the formation and flowering of oak forests (zones 6– 4, 6,000–2,500 years ago); stepping and thinning of deciduous forests and sod-grass steppes with a noticeable participation of weed and cultivated species, the emergence of the first agrocenoses (zone 3, 2,500–700 years ago); and the emergence of secondary undergrowth birch forests, oak forests, lime forests and aspen forests. Secondary meadow and sandy steppes with an abundance of weed species (ruderal, pasqual and segetal). The emergence of secondary steppes in the place of deforestation. Expansion of agrocenoses (zone 2, 700–300 years ago); reduction in the area of Volga upland oak forests, massive introduction of maple and, singly, pine (zone 1, 300 years ago – to the present). It has been concluded that the Volga upland oak forests are the native vegetation formation of the Volga Upland, formed about 6,000 years ago, long before the beginning of human economic activity. The modern appearance of this territory was formed about 400–300 years ago, with the beginning of the mass development of the territory.","PeriodicalId":33231,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskii ekologicheskii zhurnal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46641451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.35885/1684-7318-2021-3-348-357
D. Phuong, D. T. Tuyen, L. V. Thang
Composting process mainly depends on the metabolic pathways of the microorganism and involves the activity of different enzymes. Thermophilic cellulase-producing bacteria isolated from sawdust compost were tested for formation of a visible zone around the colonies on the agar plates medium containing carboxymethyl cellulose at 50ºC. Screening of carboxymethyl cellulase producing isolates was further realized on the basis in liquid medium by DNS method. Among 29 isolates investigated, V1 and V11 strains exhibited maximum enzyme activity of 1.9 and 2.3 U/mL, respectively. These isolates were selected for morphological, physiological and biochemical studies and 16S rRNA gene analysis. They were found a Gram-positive, rod-shaped spore forming cells, which were identified as Bacillus megaterium (V1) and Bacillus subtilis (V11) based on cell morphology, nucleotide homology and phylogenetic analysis. The optimal temperature for activity of endoglucanases (CMCase) ranged from 35–45°C (strain V1) and 40– 50ºC (strain V11). Our findings showed that Bacillus megaterium (V1) and Bacillus subtilis (V11) cellulase demonstrate thermophilic characteristics within wide range of temperature and meets the requirements for commercial enzymes.
{"title":"Screening and identification of thermophilic cellulolytic bacteria isolated from sawdust compost","authors":"D. Phuong, D. T. Tuyen, L. V. Thang","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2021-3-348-357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2021-3-348-357","url":null,"abstract":"Composting process mainly depends on the metabolic pathways of the microorganism and involves the activity of different enzymes. Thermophilic cellulase-producing bacteria isolated from sawdust compost were tested for formation of a visible zone around the colonies on the agar plates medium containing carboxymethyl cellulose at 50ºC. Screening of carboxymethyl cellulase producing isolates was further realized on the basis in liquid medium by DNS method. Among 29 isolates investigated, V1 and V11 strains exhibited maximum enzyme activity of 1.9 and 2.3 U/mL, respectively. These isolates were selected for morphological, physiological and biochemical studies and 16S rRNA gene analysis. They were found a Gram-positive, rod-shaped spore forming cells, which were identified as Bacillus megaterium (V1) and Bacillus subtilis (V11) based on cell morphology, nucleotide homology and phylogenetic analysis. The optimal temperature for activity of endoglucanases (CMCase) ranged from 35–45°C (strain V1) and 40– 50ºC (strain V11). Our findings showed that Bacillus megaterium (V1) and Bacillus subtilis (V11) cellulase demonstrate thermophilic characteristics within wide range of temperature and meets the requirements for commercial enzymes. ","PeriodicalId":33231,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskii ekologicheskii zhurnal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46421507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.35885/1684-7318-2021-3-272-292
I. Kirillova, D. Kirillov
The results of the study of the population biology of the rare orchid Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó on the territory of the Komi Republic (north-east of European Russia), where the species is located on the northern border of its range, are presented. Data on the population structure, morphometric features of plants, and reproductive characteristics of the species are given. It was found that the size of plants and the number of flowers in the inflorescence of this species in the region is lower than in the more southern parts of its range. The populations size ranges from 30 to 350 individuals with their average density of 0.7–3.7 per 1 m2 , and it is common for this species in other parts of its distribution area. Reproductive success is associated with the weather of the second decade of June because the flowering time of the species in the region happens in this time. It was found that the seed size of D. incarnata (0.55×0.20 mm) on its northern border is smaller than in other parts of the range. The seed productivity is rather high: one fruit contains an average of 6.2 thousands of seeds and one individual could produce about 49.4 thousands of seeds. Temperature during flowering time and precipitation during seed ripening may affect seed quality. The presence of juvenile individuals (%) in all the studied populations shows seed recruitment in populations of this species at the northern limit of the range, despite a lower seed set in comparison with southern populations.
{"title":"Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó (Orchidaceae, Liliopsida) on the northern border of its distribution area: Population structure and seed productivity","authors":"I. Kirillova, D. Kirillov","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2021-3-272-292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2021-3-272-292","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the study of the population biology of the rare orchid Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó on the territory of the Komi Republic (north-east of European Russia), where the species is located on the northern border of its range, are presented. Data on the population structure, morphometric features of plants, and reproductive characteristics of the species are given. It was found that the size of plants and the number of flowers in the inflorescence of this species in the region is lower than in the more southern parts of its range. The populations size ranges from 30 to 350 individuals with their average density of 0.7–3.7 per 1 m2 , and it is common for this species in other parts of its distribution area. Reproductive success is associated with the weather of the second decade of June because the flowering time of the species in the region happens in this time. It was found that the seed size of D. incarnata (0.55×0.20 mm) on its northern border is smaller than in other parts of the range. The seed productivity is rather high: one fruit contains an average of 6.2 thousands of seeds and one individual could produce about 49.4 thousands of seeds. Temperature during flowering time and precipitation during seed ripening may affect seed quality. The presence of juvenile individuals (%) in all the studied populations shows seed recruitment in populations of this species at the northern limit of the range, despite a lower seed set in comparison with southern populations. ","PeriodicalId":33231,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskii ekologicheskii zhurnal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48146901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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