Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.35885/1684-7318-2023-2-196-213
М. Nizhelskiy, К. S. Kazeev, V. Vilkova, A. Fedorenko, S. Kolesnikov
The paper presents the results of our study on the effect of one type of pyrogenic factor (smoke) after burning coniferous wood chips on several bioindicators (soil enzymes, microorganisms, mesofauna, plants of agricultural crops). Exposition to smoke for 60 minutes was found to significantly affect the enzymatic activity of common chernozem. Fumigation caused a decrease in such enzymes as catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and invertase. The enzymes of the oxidoreductase class were the most sensitive to smoke. High toxicity of gaseous combustion products to the soil flora and fauna was revealed. The acute toxicity of smoke to the bioindicators was determined as a result of fumigation. High mortality of test objects (Eisenia fetida, Nauphoeta cinerea) was recorded in our experiments. Soil microorganisms (Azotobacter chroococcum and Penicillium chrysogenum) proved to be informative after 30–120 minutes of fumigation. Resistance of plant sprouts (Raphanus sativus, Triticum aestivum, and Pisum sativum) to combustion gaseous products was revealed. An experiment to analyze the chemical composition of gases in smoke was performed. Such hazardous compounds as sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide and dioxide (NO, NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), acetaldehyde (C2H4O), formaldehyde (CH2O), phenol (C6H6O) hydroxybenzene and others were found to be contained therein. Our analysis revealed that the concentrations of carbon monoxide were 714 times higher than its maximum permissible concentration (MPC), which acetaldehyde was 24,100 times higher. The nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide concentrations were 100 and 300 times higher, respectively.
{"title":"Smoke toxicity to the biota and the biological activity of soils when modeling fires","authors":"М. Nizhelskiy, К. S. Kazeev, V. Vilkova, A. Fedorenko, S. Kolesnikov","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2023-2-196-213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2023-2-196-213","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of our study on the effect of one type of pyrogenic factor (smoke) after burning coniferous wood chips on several bioindicators (soil enzymes, microorganisms, mesofauna, plants of agricultural crops). Exposition to smoke for 60 minutes was found to significantly affect the enzymatic activity of common chernozem. Fumigation caused a decrease in such enzymes as catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and invertase. The enzymes of the oxidoreductase class were the most sensitive to smoke. High toxicity of gaseous combustion products to the soil flora and fauna was revealed. The acute toxicity of smoke to the bioindicators was determined as a result of fumigation. High mortality of test objects (Eisenia fetida, Nauphoeta cinerea) was recorded in our experiments. Soil microorganisms (Azotobacter chroococcum and Penicillium chrysogenum) proved to be informative after 30–120 minutes of fumigation. Resistance of plant sprouts (Raphanus sativus, Triticum aestivum, and Pisum sativum) to combustion gaseous products was revealed. An experiment to analyze the chemical composition of gases in smoke was performed. Such hazardous compounds as sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide and dioxide (NO, NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), acetaldehyde (C2H4O), formaldehyde (CH2O), phenol (C6H6O) hydroxybenzene and others were found to be contained therein. Our analysis revealed that the concentrations of carbon monoxide were 714 times higher than its maximum permissible concentration (MPC), which acetaldehyde was 24,100 times higher. The nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide concentrations were 100 and 300 times higher, respectively.","PeriodicalId":33231,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskii ekologicheskii zhurnal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49361275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.35885/1684-7318-2023-2-214-228
A. V. Rakhuba, N. G. Sherysheva
The paper presents the results of our expedition studies of bacteriobenthos in the water area of the Kuibyshev reservoir in the autumn period of 2020 and the influence of the dynamics of currents on its spatial distribution. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to study the internal load (secondary pollution) of large reservoirs from bottom sediments. The Kuibyshev reservoir is one of the largest flowing reservoirs in the world, where features of the coastal configuration, the heterogeneity of the bed, the unsteady hydrodynamic regime, the sediment regime and its composition determine the spatial distribution of bottom sediments and the bacteriobenthos community therein, which is an important link in the circulation processes of organic and biogenic substances in the ecosystem of the reservoir. An assessment of the regime of currents and sediments was carried out by calculation on a 2D mathematical model of the Priplotinny Reach of the Kuibyshev reservoir, implemented in the software package «VOLNA». The model was verified, and a series of numerical calculations of the flow velocity was carried out taking into account the regime of water flow control at hydraulic units. The spatial geometry of the currents and the sediment flow distribution dynamics were obtained. According to the data of our expedition studies, the total numbers and biomass of bacteria were estimated, which varied in the range of (2.47–27.55)×109 cells mL-1 and 0.10–2.43 μg mL-1, respectively. As a result of the conducted studies, patterns of the spatial distribution of the bacterial community in the water area of the Priplotinny Reach of the reservoir were revealed, and the nature of the relationship between the total numbers of bacteria and the sedimentation rate, the flow velocity, and the content of organic matter in bottom sediments was established. The influence of the circulation zones of currents in shallow waters on the nature of the distribution of bottom sediments and changes in the quantitative characteristics of bacteriobenthos is shown.
{"title":"Influence of hydrodynamic conditions on the bacteriobenthos distribution in the upper reaches of the Zhiguli hydroelectric power station of the Kuibyshev reservoir","authors":"A. V. Rakhuba, N. G. Sherysheva","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2023-2-214-228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2023-2-214-228","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of our expedition studies of bacteriobenthos in the water area of the Kuibyshev reservoir in the autumn period of 2020 and the influence of the dynamics of currents on its spatial distribution. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to study the internal load (secondary pollution) of large reservoirs from bottom sediments. The Kuibyshev reservoir is one of the largest flowing reservoirs in the world, where features of the coastal configuration, the heterogeneity of the bed, the unsteady hydrodynamic regime, the sediment regime and its composition determine the spatial distribution of bottom sediments and the bacteriobenthos community therein, which is an important link in the circulation processes of organic and biogenic substances in the ecosystem of the reservoir. An assessment of the regime of currents and sediments was carried out by calculation on a 2D mathematical model of the Priplotinny Reach of the Kuibyshev reservoir, implemented in the software package «VOLNA». The model was verified, and a series of numerical calculations of the flow velocity was carried out taking into account the regime of water flow control at hydraulic units. The spatial geometry of the currents and the sediment flow distribution dynamics were obtained. According to the data of our expedition studies, the total numbers and biomass of bacteria were estimated, which varied in the range of (2.47–27.55)×109 cells mL-1 and 0.10–2.43 μg mL-1, respectively. As a result of the conducted studies, patterns of the spatial distribution of the bacterial community in the water area of the Priplotinny Reach of the reservoir were revealed, and the nature of the relationship between the total numbers of bacteria and the sedimentation rate, the flow velocity, and the content of organic matter in bottom sediments was established. The influence of the circulation zones of currents in shallow waters on the nature of the distribution of bottom sediments and changes in the quantitative characteristics of bacteriobenthos is shown.","PeriodicalId":33231,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskii ekologicheskii zhurnal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42583898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.35885/1684-7318-2023-2-148-178
E. V. Erofeeva, Ju. E. Surkova, A. V. Shubkina
It is generally recognized that environmental pollution with agrotechnical substances is the major problem for the conservation of biological diversity and human food security. However, their use cannot be completely excluded. Of particular importance are modern rodenticides, i.e. superwarfarins, designed to reduce the numbers of rodents damaging agriculture, i.e. to destroy animals. However, these poisons are highly toxic and are passed up the food chains. Besides, it is impossible to draw a line between agrocenoses in their classical sense and the natural or slightly modified environment. The absence of clear physical boundaries of agrocenoses means that the processes occurring therein affect the biological diversity of adjacent territories, which are considered natural. Animals use both fields and the spaces adjacent to them. In addition, there is a water exchange between cultivated fields and the adjacent natural areas and reservoirs. Modern changes in the structure of agrocenoses increase the segment of fields which rodenticides are used on. The plowing of ravines, riversides and other inconvenient lands (due to an improved quality of equipment) facilitates the ingress of rodenticides into water bodies. Data on the consequences of the use of superwarfarins in some anthropogenic biocenoses of the southern regions of the Russian Federation are presented. Facts of mass destruction of consumers of the 1st and 2nd order (the so-called non-target species), directly related to rodenticid use, are given. Complex pathomorphological and toxicological studies of animals died in nature were carried out for the first time in the Russian Federation. The presence of bromadiolone in tissue samples was confirmed by chemical analysis, and the descriptions of autopsies of dead birds have been processed. Recommendations on the specific features for the collecting and storage of materials sent for research have been prepared.
{"title":"Modern rodenticides and non-target species","authors":"E. V. Erofeeva, Ju. E. Surkova, A. V. Shubkina","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2023-2-148-178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2023-2-148-178","url":null,"abstract":"It is generally recognized that environmental pollution with agrotechnical substances is the major problem for the conservation of biological diversity and human food security. However, their use cannot be completely excluded. Of particular importance are modern rodenticides, i.e. superwarfarins, designed to reduce the numbers of rodents damaging agriculture, i.e. to destroy animals. However, these poisons are highly toxic and are passed up the food chains. Besides, it is impossible to draw a line between agrocenoses in their classical sense and the natural or slightly modified environment. The absence of clear physical boundaries of agrocenoses means that the processes occurring therein affect the biological diversity of adjacent territories, which are considered natural. Animals use both fields and the spaces adjacent to them. In addition, there is a water exchange between cultivated fields and the adjacent natural areas and reservoirs. Modern changes in the structure of agrocenoses increase the segment of fields which rodenticides are used on. The plowing of ravines, riversides and other inconvenient lands (due to an improved quality of equipment) facilitates the ingress of rodenticides into water bodies. Data on the consequences of the use of superwarfarins in some anthropogenic biocenoses of the southern regions of the Russian Federation are presented. Facts of mass destruction of consumers of the 1st and 2nd order (the so-called non-target species), directly related to rodenticid use, are given. Complex pathomorphological and toxicological studies of animals died in nature were carried out for the first time in the Russian Federation. The presence of bromadiolone in tissue samples was confirmed by chemical analysis, and the descriptions of autopsies of dead birds have been processed. Recommendations on the specific features for the collecting and storage of materials sent for research have been prepared.","PeriodicalId":33231,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskii ekologicheskii zhurnal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43837516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.35885/1684-7318-2023-2-246-256
T. Shchemelinina, E. Anchugova
Technologies with integrated resource applications are probable solutions to the problem of soil pollution with oil and petroleum products. Based on our assessment of the potential for the recultivation of a plot on the territory of a rigged out reservoir tank storage, a biotechnology, including both forestry residues and biological agents capable of enhancing soil remediation processes, was developed. After having been applied, the technology comprising the BIOTRIN biopreparation, the GEOLEX® biogeosorbent, bark-and-wood waste and seeds to promote revegetation showed a soil cleanup efficiency of 92–95% for 60 days. The dehydrogenase activity increased, confirming intense processes of pollutant oxidation. After 60 days, the plant cover with sown herbs reached 85%, which characterized the purified soil as having no inhibitory effect on the growth and development of plants.
{"title":"Integrated biotechnology for oil-polluted soil cleanup","authors":"T. Shchemelinina, E. Anchugova","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2023-2-246-256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2023-2-246-256","url":null,"abstract":"Technologies with integrated resource applications are probable solutions to the problem of soil pollution with oil and petroleum products. Based on our assessment of the potential for the recultivation of a plot on the territory of a rigged out reservoir tank storage, a biotechnology, including both forestry residues and biological agents capable of enhancing soil remediation processes, was developed. After having been applied, the technology comprising the BIOTRIN biopreparation, the GEOLEX® biogeosorbent, bark-and-wood waste and seeds to promote revegetation showed a soil cleanup efficiency of 92–95% for 60 days. The dehydrogenase activity increased, confirming intense processes of pollutant oxidation. After 60 days, the plant cover with sown herbs reached 85%, which characterized the purified soil as having no inhibitory effect on the growth and development of plants.","PeriodicalId":33231,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskii ekologicheskii zhurnal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42268154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.35885/1684-7318-2023-2-131-147
Y. V. Dombrovskaya, A. Opaev
Birdsong consists of stereotypical song types or syllables which follow each other according to certain rules. Based on these rules, linear and combinatorial syntaxes are identified. The former one implies a fixed sequence of song types repeated cyclically. In the combinatorial syntax, there are clusters of song types, within which song types may be performed in a varying sequence. The structure and organization of birdsong have been described for many species, but still remain unexplored for most of them. We studied for the first time the song structure and organization, as well as song sharing for the Yellow-rumped flycatcher Ficedula zanthopygia (Hay, 1845). First of all, we determined the repertoire of song types in each male. Then, the organization of singing was analyzed using methods of information theory and network analysis. To analyze the patterns of song sharing, we compared all song types of all males. Individual repertoires consisted from 8–31 song types. While singing, male flycatchers avoid repeating the same song type two or more times in a row (continuous variety). At the same time, different song types alternate with a much degree of freedom: we did not reveal any patterns which could indicate the presence of either linear or combinatorial syntax. Males generally shared few song types, and the similarity of the repertoires of any two males was small. Besides, males did not preferably use shared or individual (i.e., found in the only one male) song types. Song sharing was not related to the distance between males. The results were compared to what is known about the song structure and organization of the other three Ficedula species studied to date.
{"title":"Organization of song of the Yellow-rumped flycatcher (Ficedula zanthopygia, Muscicapidae, Aves)","authors":"Y. V. Dombrovskaya, A. Opaev","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2023-2-131-147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2023-2-131-147","url":null,"abstract":"Birdsong consists of stereotypical song types or syllables which follow each other according to certain rules. Based on these rules, linear and combinatorial syntaxes are identified. The former one implies a fixed sequence of song types repeated cyclically. In the combinatorial syntax, there are clusters of song types, within which song types may be performed in a varying sequence. The structure and organization of birdsong have been described for many species, but still remain unexplored for most of them. We studied for the first time the song structure and organization, as well as song sharing for the Yellow-rumped flycatcher Ficedula zanthopygia (Hay, 1845). First of all, we determined the repertoire of song types in each male. Then, the organization of singing was analyzed using methods of information theory and network analysis. To analyze the patterns of song sharing, we compared all song types of all males. Individual repertoires consisted from 8–31 song types. While singing, male flycatchers avoid repeating the same song type two or more times in a row (continuous variety). At the same time, different song types alternate with a much degree of freedom: we did not reveal any patterns which could indicate the presence of either linear or combinatorial syntax. Males generally shared few song types, and the similarity of the repertoires of any two males was small. Besides, males did not preferably use shared or individual (i.e., found in the only one male) song types. Song sharing was not related to the distance between males. The results were compared to what is known about the song structure and organization of the other three Ficedula species studied to date.","PeriodicalId":33231,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskii ekologicheskii zhurnal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47551719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.35885/1684-7318-2023-1-3-19
A. Bobretsov, A. N. Petrov, A. Korolev, N. M. Bykhovets
The materials of our studies on the taiga shrew (Sorex isodon Turov, 1924) in the NorthEast of the European Russia, a poorly studied species of small mammals of the region, are summarized. Its distribution is shown to generally coincide with the northern border of the taiga zone. The optimal biotopes are grass spruce forests (only for them the values of the biotope fidelity coefficient are positive). The numbers of taiga shrews in lowland localities are 0–2.4 individuals, in foothill habitats it increases up to 4.4–8.6 individuals and reaches maximum values on the western slope of the Northern Urals (28 individuals per 100 cone-nigths). The formation of the numbers of the species is much influenced by the landscape conditions of the territory: the ratio of habitat types and their areas. An increase in the area of grass forests leads to an increase in the abundance of taiga shrews.
{"title":"Taiga shrew (Sorex isodon, Eulipotyphla) in the North-East of the European Russia: Distribution, habitats and abundance","authors":"A. Bobretsov, A. N. Petrov, A. Korolev, N. M. Bykhovets","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2023-1-3-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2023-1-3-19","url":null,"abstract":"The materials of our studies on the taiga shrew (Sorex isodon Turov, 1924) in the NorthEast of the European Russia, a poorly studied species of small mammals of the region, are summarized. Its distribution is shown to generally coincide with the northern border of the taiga zone. The optimal biotopes are grass spruce forests (only for them the values of the biotope fidelity coefficient are positive). The numbers of taiga shrews in lowland localities are 0–2.4 individuals, in foothill habitats it increases up to 4.4–8.6 individuals and reaches maximum values on the western slope of the Northern Urals (28 individuals per 100 cone-nigths). The formation of the numbers of the species is much influenced by the landscape conditions of the territory: the ratio of habitat types and their areas. An increase in the area of grass forests leads to an increase in the abundance of taiga shrews. ","PeriodicalId":33231,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskii ekologicheskii zhurnal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47448635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.35885/1684-7318-2023-1-107-116
N. Syrchina, L. Pilip, E. Kolevatykh, T. Ashikhmina, D. A. Kuznetsov
Manure effluents (ME) of livestock enterprises represent a rich nutrient medium for the development of various aerobic microorganisms (MO). During the biodegradation of the organic components of ME, a wide range of odor-forming substances (OFS) and greenhouse gases enter the atmospheric air. The intensity and main directions of ME destruction depend on the composition and amount of microbiota. A solution of sodium hypochlorite can be used to suppress the decomposition of the biogenic components of ME. In the course of our research, it was found that the introduction of 0.005% active chlorine into the liquid fraction of ME (pH ~ 6.8; humidity ~ 99.1%) leads to a decrease in the numbers of putrefactive microbiota, namely: Bacteroides, Clostridium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Sarcina ventriculi, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. The corresponding ammonifiers are actively involved in the biodegradation processes of organic substances to form acetic acid, isovaleric acid, butyric acid, indoles, skatoles, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans and others. The numbers of microbiota not making a significant contribution to the production of OFS (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula glutinis, Lactobacillus ssp. and others), on the contrary, increased. The numbers of some producers of volatile fatty acids (VFA), namely: Anaerococcus prevotii, Acidaminococcus, Prevotella spp. etc. increased. However, this did not affect the intensity and nature of the ME odor, which can be explained by the formation of non-volatile VFA salts at pH above 7.0. The numbers of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella sp., Proteus ssp., Alistipes putredinis, Bifidobacterium ssp., Candida tropicalis, and Candida albicans almost did not change when NaOCl was added to ME. As a result of the microbiota transformation, the total emission of gaseous substances, whose main components are the greenhouse gases CO2 and CH4, decreased by more than 17%. The unpleasant odor intensity has significantly decreased. A NaOCl solution can be used to treat ME in manure storage baths. The introduction of the practice of treating ME with this biocide is facilitated by its availability, low cost and safety for the environment.
{"title":"Effect of sodium hypochlorite on the microbiota and odor of manure effluents","authors":"N. Syrchina, L. Pilip, E. Kolevatykh, T. Ashikhmina, D. A. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2023-1-107-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2023-1-107-116","url":null,"abstract":"Manure effluents (ME) of livestock enterprises represent a rich nutrient medium for the development of various aerobic microorganisms (MO). During the biodegradation of the organic components of ME, a wide range of odor-forming substances (OFS) and greenhouse gases enter the atmospheric air. The intensity and main directions of ME destruction depend on the composition and amount of microbiota. A solution of sodium hypochlorite can be used to suppress the decomposition of the biogenic components of ME. In the course of our research, it was found that the introduction of 0.005% active chlorine into the liquid fraction of ME (pH ~ 6.8; humidity ~ 99.1%) leads to a decrease in the numbers of putrefactive microbiota, namely: Bacteroides, Clostridium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Sarcina ventriculi, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. The corresponding ammonifiers are actively involved in the biodegradation processes of organic substances to form acetic acid, isovaleric acid, butyric acid, indoles, skatoles, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans and others. The numbers of microbiota not making a significant contribution to the production of OFS (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula glutinis, Lactobacillus ssp. and others), on the contrary, increased. The numbers of some producers of volatile fatty acids (VFA), namely: Anaerococcus prevotii, Acidaminococcus, Prevotella spp. etc. increased. However, this did not affect the intensity and nature of the ME odor, which can be explained by the formation of non-volatile VFA salts at pH above 7.0. The numbers of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella sp., Proteus ssp., Alistipes putredinis, Bifidobacterium ssp., Candida tropicalis, and Candida albicans almost did not change when NaOCl was added to ME. As a result of the microbiota transformation, the total emission of gaseous substances, whose main components are the greenhouse gases CO2 and CH4, decreased by more than 17%. The unpleasant odor intensity has significantly decreased. A NaOCl solution can be used to treat ME in manure storage baths. The introduction of the practice of treating ME with this biocide is facilitated by its availability, low cost and safety for the environment. ","PeriodicalId":33231,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskii ekologicheskii zhurnal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48925667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.35885/1684-7318-2023-1-20-36
K. V. Vorobyev, A. N. Chusov, N. A. Politaeva, A. V. Shchur
Landfill biogas contains large amounts of toxic and harmful impurities and may be a source of microbiological contamination of both the complex municipal waste landfill itself and adjacent territories. This paper uses modern biotechnologies designed to protect the environment, to study the quantitative and qualitative composition of biogas for harmful factors, as well as for harmful substance removal from biogas. An assessment was made of air purification in the premises near landfills and adjacent territories using green plantations and a biological system based on an apparatus-biological complex for purification from microbiological contamination. The data obtained in our laboratory studies show that such apparatus-biological complexes can reduce the negative influence on the personnel and workers at operative points and the inhabitants of adjacent territories by air purification.
{"title":"Indoor air quality assessment on polygons for solid municipal waste for microbial contamination and a method of its cleaning","authors":"K. V. Vorobyev, A. N. Chusov, N. A. Politaeva, A. V. Shchur","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2023-1-20-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2023-1-20-36","url":null,"abstract":"Landfill biogas contains large amounts of toxic and harmful impurities and may be a source of microbiological contamination of both the complex municipal waste landfill itself and adjacent territories. This paper uses modern biotechnologies designed to protect the environment, to study the quantitative and qualitative composition of biogas for harmful factors, as well as for harmful substance removal from biogas. An assessment was made of air purification in the premises near landfills and adjacent territories using green plantations and a biological system based on an apparatus-biological complex for purification from microbiological contamination. The data obtained in our laboratory studies show that such apparatus-biological complexes can reduce the negative influence on the personnel and workers at operative points and the inhabitants of adjacent territories by air purification.","PeriodicalId":33231,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskii ekologicheskii zhurnal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135471868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.35885/1684-7318-2023-1-97-106
E. S. Preobrazhenskaia, P. N. Amosov
Our studies of the distribution and abundance of the yellow-breasted bunting (Ocyris aureolus) were carried out on the territory of the Arkhangelsk region and in certain bordering areas of the Komi Republic in 2001–2022. A total of 57 meadow and meadow-swamp territories were surveyed, and a number of them – repeatedly in several years. In 2001–2011, the yellow-breasted bunting was found in almost all the surveyed territories, except some dry meadows and extreme northeastern floodplain lands in the lower reaches of the Mezen river. But already in these years, there were trends towards a decrease in its numbers, as indicated by the records carried out in the floodplain of the Pinega river for several years. In subsequent years, the yellow-breasted bunting was recorded on vast grasslands in the floodplains of large rivers only. A relatively high density was observed only in three (out of 35 surveyed) sections of flood meadows, in the floodplains of the Northern Dvina river and Vaga river. In most of the territories where it was found, only 1–3 individuals were recorded. In addition to dry meadows, it has ceased to occur in small-area floodplain meadows. Since the habitat conditions of the yellow-breasted bunting at the northwestern borders of its range have not changed significantly, the cause for this decrease in its numbers there can be considered the deterioration of habitat conditions during the flight and wintering.
{"title":"Yellow-breasted bunting Ocyris aureolus (Pallas, 1773) (Aves, Passeriformes) in the Northern European Russia","authors":"E. S. Preobrazhenskaia, P. N. Amosov","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2023-1-97-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2023-1-97-106","url":null,"abstract":"Our studies of the distribution and abundance of the yellow-breasted bunting (Ocyris aureolus) were carried out on the territory of the Arkhangelsk region and in certain bordering areas of the Komi Republic in 2001–2022. A total of 57 meadow and meadow-swamp territories were surveyed, and a number of them – repeatedly in several years. In 2001–2011, the yellow-breasted bunting was found in almost all the surveyed territories, except some dry meadows and extreme northeastern floodplain lands in the lower reaches of the Mezen river. But already in these years, there were trends towards a decrease in its numbers, as indicated by the records carried out in the floodplain of the Pinega river for several years. In subsequent years, the yellow-breasted bunting was recorded on vast grasslands in the floodplains of large rivers only. A relatively high density was observed only in three (out of 35 surveyed) sections of flood meadows, in the floodplains of the Northern Dvina river and Vaga river. In most of the territories where it was found, only 1–3 individuals were recorded. In addition to dry meadows, it has ceased to occur in small-area floodplain meadows. Since the habitat conditions of the yellow-breasted bunting at the northwestern borders of its range have not changed significantly, the cause for this decrease in its numbers there can be considered the deterioration of habitat conditions during the flight and wintering. ","PeriodicalId":33231,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskii ekologicheskii zhurnal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46098747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.35885/1684-7318-2023-1-77-96
E. Romanova, S. Lukonina, E. Ryabinina, V. Plotnikova
The purpose of the work is to assess the state of Anura populations living in an anthropo-genic territory according to a set of indicators of the body’s immune homeostasis. The objects of the study were Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) and P. lessonae (Camerano, 1882), living in the natural populations of reservoirs in Nizhny Novgorod. Priority chemical pollutants of the water bodies were determined by spectrophotometry. Species were identified using a multiplex PCR test system. The identification results were confirmed by sequencing of the mitochondrial ND2 gene and a fragment of the SAI protein. We counted the numbers of erythrocytes and leukocytes, determined the leukocyte profile and the level of immune complexes in all frogs. An excess of the water quality standard for the content of heavy metals was revealed in all the water bodies. Molecular genetic diagnostics showed the presence of both “pure” P. ridibundus and individuals with introgressive mtDNA of the Anatolian form of the lake frog (P. cf. bedriagae) in the sample of lake frogs. In the sample of pond frogs, all studied individuals had only species-specific mt- and nDNA markers of P. lessonae. P. ridibundus differed from P. lessonae by an increased content of erythrocytes, neutrophils, basophils, small immune complexes, and a reduced content of lymphocytes. The revealed changes in the immunohematological parameters of green frogs were caused by the complex henotoxic effect of pollutants in the water bodies. A decrease in the lymphocytes/eosinophils ratio index was shown with an increase in the concentration of nitrites, an increased activity of humoral immune responses in conditions of sulfate pollution of the aquatic environment, an increase in the proportion of myelocytes in the blood of frogs with an increased concentration of manganese and nitrates in water. Under conditions of environmental stress, the blood regulatory systems of frogs reflected a stress-induced reaction, which was more pronounced in the body of lake frogs compared to pond ones.
{"title":"Ecological and physiological analysis of immune reactions of Pelophylax ridibundus and P. lessonae (Amphibia: Ranidae) in anthropogeneously transformed territories","authors":"E. Romanova, S. Lukonina, E. Ryabinina, V. Plotnikova","doi":"10.35885/1684-7318-2023-1-77-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2023-1-77-96","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work is to assess the state of Anura populations living in an anthropo-genic territory according to a set of indicators of the body’s immune homeostasis. The objects of the study were Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) and P. lessonae (Camerano, 1882), living in the natural populations of reservoirs in Nizhny Novgorod. Priority chemical pollutants of the water bodies were determined by spectrophotometry. Species were identified using a multiplex PCR test system. The identification results were confirmed by sequencing of the mitochondrial ND2 gene and a fragment of the SAI protein. We counted the numbers of erythrocytes and leukocytes, determined the leukocyte profile and the level of immune complexes in all frogs. An excess of the water quality standard for the content of heavy metals was revealed in all the water bodies. Molecular genetic diagnostics showed the presence of both “pure” P. ridibundus and individuals with introgressive mtDNA of the Anatolian form of the lake frog (P. cf. bedriagae) in the sample of lake frogs. In the sample of pond frogs, all studied individuals had only species-specific mt- and nDNA markers of P. lessonae. P. ridibundus differed from P. lessonae by an increased content of erythrocytes, neutrophils, basophils, small immune complexes, and a reduced content of lymphocytes. The revealed changes in the immunohematological parameters of green frogs were caused by the complex henotoxic effect of pollutants in the water bodies. A decrease in the lymphocytes/eosinophils ratio index was shown with an increase in the concentration of nitrites, an increased activity of humoral immune responses in conditions of sulfate pollution of the aquatic environment, an increase in the proportion of myelocytes in the blood of frogs with an increased concentration of manganese and nitrates in water. Under conditions of environmental stress, the blood regulatory systems of frogs reflected a stress-induced reaction, which was more pronounced in the body of lake frogs compared to pond ones. ","PeriodicalId":33231,"journal":{"name":"Povolzhskii ekologicheskii zhurnal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46047589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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