Pub Date : 1996-10-27DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1996.559181
D. Kempf
Electromagnetic vulnerability (EMV) testing is typically performed on aircraft using a standard method where the aircraft is directly radiated by an antenna, with no mode-stirring. Since a standing wave pattern will cause peaks and nulls in the field inside the aircraft, many antenna aspect angles should be used to assure that all equipment on board the aircraft is exposed to the appropriate field. However, this is very time consuming and often not feasible. As a result, some equipment on the aircraft may not be exposed to the intended field level. Using mode-stirred techniques during EMV testing will provide improvement in field distribution throughout the aircraft so that the need to use several aspect angles would be eliminated, and a more controlled and thorough test would result. This study was performed to demonstrate this, by comparing cable coupling and field level measurements on a P-3 and an E-2C during EMV testing using both the standard method and mode-stirring.
{"title":"Electromagnetic vulnerability testing of aircraft using mode-stirred techniques","authors":"D. Kempf","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1996.559181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1996.559181","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic vulnerability (EMV) testing is typically performed on aircraft using a standard method where the aircraft is directly radiated by an antenna, with no mode-stirring. Since a standing wave pattern will cause peaks and nulls in the field inside the aircraft, many antenna aspect angles should be used to assure that all equipment on board the aircraft is exposed to the appropriate field. However, this is very time consuming and often not feasible. As a result, some equipment on the aircraft may not be exposed to the intended field level. Using mode-stirred techniques during EMV testing will provide improvement in field distribution throughout the aircraft so that the need to use several aspect angles would be eliminated, and a more controlled and thorough test would result. This study was performed to demonstrate this, by comparing cable coupling and field level measurements on a P-3 and an E-2C during EMV testing using both the standard method and mode-stirring.","PeriodicalId":332554,"journal":{"name":"15th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131877240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-27DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1996.559150
R. O'Rourke, E. Peterson
Flight critical system architects are increasingly integrating aircraft control and management functionality. This functional integration increases performance and cost of ownership requirements on the communication pathways. Optical signal transmission is an attractive approach to satisfying these system requirements. Investigations and demonstrations of optical signaling are needed to validate applicability of fiber based communication systems to the new system architecture performance and cost requirements. Honeywell's activities associated with the Fly-By-Light Advanced System Hardware (FLASH) program have produced a system including key optical interface elements and accomplished preliminary demonstrations needed to validate flexible, optical based aircraft control and avionic systems. The Honeywell Primary Flight Control System (PFCS) included Active Hand Controllers (AHCs), Primary Flight Control Computers (PFCCs) and smart actuation subsystem elements interfaced through various optical implementations and communication protocols. These successful implementations and demonstrations provide an excellent baseline for the processes, tools and materials required to make Fly-by-Light avionic systems marketable.
{"title":"Optical demonstration on Honeywell FLASH program","authors":"R. O'Rourke, E. Peterson","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1996.559150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1996.559150","url":null,"abstract":"Flight critical system architects are increasingly integrating aircraft control and management functionality. This functional integration increases performance and cost of ownership requirements on the communication pathways. Optical signal transmission is an attractive approach to satisfying these system requirements. Investigations and demonstrations of optical signaling are needed to validate applicability of fiber based communication systems to the new system architecture performance and cost requirements. Honeywell's activities associated with the Fly-By-Light Advanced System Hardware (FLASH) program have produced a system including key optical interface elements and accomplished preliminary demonstrations needed to validate flexible, optical based aircraft control and avionic systems. The Honeywell Primary Flight Control System (PFCS) included Active Hand Controllers (AHCs), Primary Flight Control Computers (PFCCs) and smart actuation subsystem elements interfaced through various optical implementations and communication protocols. These successful implementations and demonstrations provide an excellent baseline for the processes, tools and materials required to make Fly-by-Light avionic systems marketable.","PeriodicalId":332554,"journal":{"name":"15th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133377519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-27DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1996.559147
J. Lyke, K. Merkel
This paper presents a survey of the field of 3-D packaging and suggests a taxonomy based on observations of an active research field and direct experience in the development of dimensionally-constrained electronics system packaging concepts. Of chief interest is the (1) identification of the attributes of 3-D approaches and quantitative performance metrics; (2) packaging medium and facilitation (e.g. thermal, mechanical, and electrical access) requirements; and the manifestation of certain regimes in 3-D packaging (e.g., "few-layers" vs. "many-layers"). The development of the taxonomy is further motivated by the discussion of 3-D heterogeneous packaging approaches as an ideal framework for packaging and interconnecting complex mixtures of analog, digital, sensor, microwave, and power management functional elements.
{"title":"Survey and taxonomy of three-dimensional packaging approaches","authors":"J. Lyke, K. Merkel","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1996.559147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1996.559147","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a survey of the field of 3-D packaging and suggests a taxonomy based on observations of an active research field and direct experience in the development of dimensionally-constrained electronics system packaging concepts. Of chief interest is the (1) identification of the attributes of 3-D approaches and quantitative performance metrics; (2) packaging medium and facilitation (e.g. thermal, mechanical, and electrical access) requirements; and the manifestation of certain regimes in 3-D packaging (e.g., \"few-layers\" vs. \"many-layers\"). The development of the taxonomy is further motivated by the discussion of 3-D heterogeneous packaging approaches as an ideal framework for packaging and interconnecting complex mixtures of analog, digital, sensor, microwave, and power management functional elements.","PeriodicalId":332554,"journal":{"name":"15th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132553166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-27DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1996.559149
J. Todd
The Fly-By-Light Advanced System Hardware (FLASH) program is developing and demonstrating dual use fly-by-light (FBL) hardware for flight control systems On military and commercial aircraft. Under the transport aircraft portion of this program, we and our industry team-mates are demonstrating two representative fly-by-light systems. These fly-by-light demonstrations include a ground demonstration of a partial primary flight control system and a flight demonstration of-an aileron trim control system. This paper describes these and discusses the dual use fly-by-light hardware developed for transport aircraft as well as the associated FLASH program demonstrations.
{"title":"Fly-by-light flight control system development for transport aircraft","authors":"J. Todd","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1996.559149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1996.559149","url":null,"abstract":"The Fly-By-Light Advanced System Hardware (FLASH) program is developing and demonstrating dual use fly-by-light (FBL) hardware for flight control systems On military and commercial aircraft. Under the transport aircraft portion of this program, we and our industry team-mates are demonstrating two representative fly-by-light systems. These fly-by-light demonstrations include a ground demonstration of a partial primary flight control system and a flight demonstration of-an aileron trim control system. This paper describes these and discusses the dual use fly-by-light hardware developed for transport aircraft as well as the associated FLASH program demonstrations.","PeriodicalId":332554,"journal":{"name":"15th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130780900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-27DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1996.559189
R. Gazit, J. Powell
The current airborne collision avoidance system provides pilots with approximate information on the relative location of nearby traffic, and with recommended escape maneuvers in the vertical plane. It relies on range measurements, and suffers from high false alarm rate. This paper studies a new collision avoidance system, which is based on periodic broadcasts of aircraft position as derived by an on-board GPS receiver. Several collision detection algorithms were evaluated by using a Monte Carlo simulation of random encounters in a free-flight environment. The algorithm selected uses the miss distance vector for both detection and avoidance. This approach can significantly improve the effectiveness of the current collision avoidance system, while lowering both the probability of false alarm and the probability of late alarm.
{"title":"Aircraft collision avoidance based on GPS position broadcasts","authors":"R. Gazit, J. Powell","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1996.559189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1996.559189","url":null,"abstract":"The current airborne collision avoidance system provides pilots with approximate information on the relative location of nearby traffic, and with recommended escape maneuvers in the vertical plane. It relies on range measurements, and suffers from high false alarm rate. This paper studies a new collision avoidance system, which is based on periodic broadcasts of aircraft position as derived by an on-board GPS receiver. Several collision detection algorithms were evaluated by using a Monte Carlo simulation of random encounters in a free-flight environment. The algorithm selected uses the miss distance vector for both detection and avoidance. This approach can significantly improve the effectiveness of the current collision avoidance system, while lowering both the probability of false alarm and the probability of late alarm.","PeriodicalId":332554,"journal":{"name":"15th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116044215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-27DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1996.559202
Kenneth A. Seeling
This report covers the subject of F-22 avionics core processing fault tolerance and reconfiguration. Fault tolerance is defined as a survivable attribute of a system that allows it to deliver its expected service after faults have manifested themselves within the system. The report addresses all dimensions of the integrated avionics processing fault tolerance/reconfiguration implementation. This includes the preparation for failures, detection of failures, determination and implementation of a recovery scheme, and return to operations.
{"title":"Reconfiguration in an integrated avionics design","authors":"Kenneth A. Seeling","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1996.559202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1996.559202","url":null,"abstract":"This report covers the subject of F-22 avionics core processing fault tolerance and reconfiguration. Fault tolerance is defined as a survivable attribute of a system that allows it to deliver its expected service after faults have manifested themselves within the system. The report addresses all dimensions of the integrated avionics processing fault tolerance/reconfiguration implementation. This includes the preparation for failures, detection of failures, determination and implementation of a recovery scheme, and return to operations.","PeriodicalId":332554,"journal":{"name":"15th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115250044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-27DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1996.559128
R. J. Kreutzfeld, R. Neese
As computing capabilities continue to advance, there will be a concurrent rise in the number of both hardware and software faults. These will be caused by the greater volume of more complex software, by the increased number of untested software states, and by more incidents of hardware/software interaction faults as a result of increased hardware speed and density. The traditional software implemented fault tolerance approaches have been successfully utilized in life-critical systems, such as digital flight controls, where their additional costs can be easily justified. Examples include N-Version Programming and Recovery Block approaches. However, there is still a need for dependable computing for mission-critical applications as well. Often, these traditional techniques are avoided for mission-critical systems due to the difficulty in justifying their extra upfront development cost. We provide an alternative for the high "sunk cost" of traditional software fault tolerance techniques. The methodology, called Data Fusion Integrity Processes (DFIPs), is a simple, yet effective technique for mission critical systems. In addition, the approach establishes a framework from which other costlier, more extensive traditional techniques can be added. We present details of the DFIP methodology and a DFIP framework for Ada programs. We also briefly discuss development of a DFIP code generation system which exploits Java that will enable users to quickly build a DFIP framework in Ada, and select reusable DFIP component methods.
{"title":"A methodology for cost-effective software fault tolerance for mission-critical systems","authors":"R. J. Kreutzfeld, R. Neese","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1996.559128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1996.559128","url":null,"abstract":"As computing capabilities continue to advance, there will be a concurrent rise in the number of both hardware and software faults. These will be caused by the greater volume of more complex software, by the increased number of untested software states, and by more incidents of hardware/software interaction faults as a result of increased hardware speed and density. The traditional software implemented fault tolerance approaches have been successfully utilized in life-critical systems, such as digital flight controls, where their additional costs can be easily justified. Examples include N-Version Programming and Recovery Block approaches. However, there is still a need for dependable computing for mission-critical applications as well. Often, these traditional techniques are avoided for mission-critical systems due to the difficulty in justifying their extra upfront development cost. We provide an alternative for the high \"sunk cost\" of traditional software fault tolerance techniques. The methodology, called Data Fusion Integrity Processes (DFIPs), is a simple, yet effective technique for mission critical systems. In addition, the approach establishes a framework from which other costlier, more extensive traditional techniques can be added. We present details of the DFIP methodology and a DFIP framework for Ada programs. We also briefly discuss development of a DFIP code generation system which exploits Java that will enable users to quickly build a DFIP framework in Ada, and select reusable DFIP component methods.","PeriodicalId":332554,"journal":{"name":"15th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129689392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-27DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1996.559183
G. Valentino, T. Bohman
New and emerging combat aircraft, especially those with sophisticated surveillance and multi-spectral capabilities, acquire and need to move and process data at enormous data rates. Avionics architectures have evolved over time to adapt to these demanding data acquisition, data movement, data processing, and data storage requirements. The trend has been from dedicated, through federated, to distributed systems. Two key technologies that can support the continued movement to distributed systems are Fibre Channel (FC) and Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI). This paper will discuss and compare FC and SCI, illustrate how they may be used in a complementary manner, and provide insights into component and device sources.
{"title":"The incorporation of fibre channel and scalable coherent interface technologies in avionics systems","authors":"G. Valentino, T. Bohman","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1996.559183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1996.559183","url":null,"abstract":"New and emerging combat aircraft, especially those with sophisticated surveillance and multi-spectral capabilities, acquire and need to move and process data at enormous data rates. Avionics architectures have evolved over time to adapt to these demanding data acquisition, data movement, data processing, and data storage requirements. The trend has been from dedicated, through federated, to distributed systems. Two key technologies that can support the continued movement to distributed systems are Fibre Channel (FC) and Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI). This paper will discuss and compare FC and SCI, illustrate how they may be used in a complementary manner, and provide insights into component and device sources.","PeriodicalId":332554,"journal":{"name":"15th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130648412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-27DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1996.559153
K. Stange
The use of fiber optic data transmission media can make significant contributions in achieving increasing performance and reduced life cycle cost requirement placed on commercial and military transport aircraft. For complete end-to-end fiber optic transmission, photonics technologies and techniques need to be understood and applied internally to the aircraft line replaceable units (LRUs) as well as externally on the interconnecting aircraft cable plant. During a portion of the Honeywell contribution to Task 2A on the Fly-by-Light Advanced System Hardware (FLASH) program, evaluations were done on a fiber optic transmission media implementation internal to a Primary Flight Control Computer (PFCC). The PFCC internal fiber optic transmission media implementation included a fiber optic backplane, an optical card-edge connector, and an optical source/detector coupler/installation. The performance of these optical media components was evaluated over typical aircraft environmental stresses of temperature, vibration, and humidity. These optical media components represent key technologies to the complete end-to-end fiber optic transmission capability on commercial and military transport aircraft. The evaluations and technical readiness assessments of these technologies will enable better perspectives on productization of fly-by-light systems requiring their utilizations.
{"title":"Honeywell FLASH fiber optic motherboard evaluations","authors":"K. Stange","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1996.559153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1996.559153","url":null,"abstract":"The use of fiber optic data transmission media can make significant contributions in achieving increasing performance and reduced life cycle cost requirement placed on commercial and military transport aircraft. For complete end-to-end fiber optic transmission, photonics technologies and techniques need to be understood and applied internally to the aircraft line replaceable units (LRUs) as well as externally on the interconnecting aircraft cable plant. During a portion of the Honeywell contribution to Task 2A on the Fly-by-Light Advanced System Hardware (FLASH) program, evaluations were done on a fiber optic transmission media implementation internal to a Primary Flight Control Computer (PFCC). The PFCC internal fiber optic transmission media implementation included a fiber optic backplane, an optical card-edge connector, and an optical source/detector coupler/installation. The performance of these optical media components was evaluated over typical aircraft environmental stresses of temperature, vibration, and humidity. These optical media components represent key technologies to the complete end-to-end fiber optic transmission capability on commercial and military transport aircraft. The evaluations and technical readiness assessments of these technologies will enable better perspectives on productization of fly-by-light systems requiring their utilizations.","PeriodicalId":332554,"journal":{"name":"15th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128482554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-27DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1996.559160
L. Avery
The open systems concept in the design of computer-based systems has become accepted as a method for developing cost-effective systems. One goal of open systems design within the U.S. Department of Defense is user portability. User portability can be described as the ability of users to move from one application or system to another, with minimal difficulties. It is accomplished by applying style guide principles and user interface specifications concurrently with user-centered design. The key factor for integrating these into the design process is the use of human factors engineering.
{"title":"User portability in open systems","authors":"L. Avery","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1996.559160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1996.559160","url":null,"abstract":"The open systems concept in the design of computer-based systems has become accepted as a method for developing cost-effective systems. One goal of open systems design within the U.S. Department of Defense is user portability. User portability can be described as the ability of users to move from one application or system to another, with minimal difficulties. It is accomplished by applying style guide principles and user interface specifications concurrently with user-centered design. The key factor for integrating these into the design process is the use of human factors engineering.","PeriodicalId":332554,"journal":{"name":"15th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115620286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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