Pub Date : 1996-10-27DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1996.559134
J. Sutton
This paper suggests that relatively familiar software concepts and tools can be transformed to the "lean paradigm" when they are conducted within the modern industrial paradigm. Practical examples and experiences are given from a large-scale commercial and deliverable program, the Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems (LMAS) C-130J airlifter. It has been shown that the lean paradigm enables the MC OFP's software organization to produce a safe and superior product at low cost and risk, and thereby fully support the business goals of the C-130J program, the company, and the corporation.
{"title":"Lean software for the lean aircraft","authors":"J. Sutton","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1996.559134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1996.559134","url":null,"abstract":"This paper suggests that relatively familiar software concepts and tools can be transformed to the \"lean paradigm\" when they are conducted within the modern industrial paradigm. Practical examples and experiences are given from a large-scale commercial and deliverable program, the Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems (LMAS) C-130J airlifter. It has been shown that the lean paradigm enables the MC OFP's software organization to produce a safe and superior product at low cost and risk, and thereby fully support the business goals of the C-130J program, the company, and the corporation.","PeriodicalId":332554,"journal":{"name":"15th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131177521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-27DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1996.559183
G. Valentino, T. Bohman
New and emerging combat aircraft, especially those with sophisticated surveillance and multi-spectral capabilities, acquire and need to move and process data at enormous data rates. Avionics architectures have evolved over time to adapt to these demanding data acquisition, data movement, data processing, and data storage requirements. The trend has been from dedicated, through federated, to distributed systems. Two key technologies that can support the continued movement to distributed systems are Fibre Channel (FC) and Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI). This paper will discuss and compare FC and SCI, illustrate how they may be used in a complementary manner, and provide insights into component and device sources.
{"title":"The incorporation of fibre channel and scalable coherent interface technologies in avionics systems","authors":"G. Valentino, T. Bohman","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1996.559183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1996.559183","url":null,"abstract":"New and emerging combat aircraft, especially those with sophisticated surveillance and multi-spectral capabilities, acquire and need to move and process data at enormous data rates. Avionics architectures have evolved over time to adapt to these demanding data acquisition, data movement, data processing, and data storage requirements. The trend has been from dedicated, through federated, to distributed systems. Two key technologies that can support the continued movement to distributed systems are Fibre Channel (FC) and Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI). This paper will discuss and compare FC and SCI, illustrate how they may be used in a complementary manner, and provide insights into component and device sources.","PeriodicalId":332554,"journal":{"name":"15th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130648412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-27DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1996.559170
D. Moelker, Y. Bar-Ness
Of the wide variety of array processors, which are available to GPS receiver designers for noise and RF interference suppression, few achieve good performance and possess well-defined signal preservation properties. We introduce a new optimal array processor for the reception of GPS signals in RF interference and noise, that maximises geometric positioning precision. Comparison with well-known and previously proposed array processors demonstrates a superior reduction of the positioning error from noise and interference residuals. In addition, we derive the processor for optimisation of precision in a single position co-ordinate, such as height, or time; the improvement of vertical precision could be a significant development for the use of GPS in aviation.
{"title":"An optimal array processor for GPS interference cancellation","authors":"D. Moelker, Y. Bar-Ness","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1996.559170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1996.559170","url":null,"abstract":"Of the wide variety of array processors, which are available to GPS receiver designers for noise and RF interference suppression, few achieve good performance and possess well-defined signal preservation properties. We introduce a new optimal array processor for the reception of GPS signals in RF interference and noise, that maximises geometric positioning precision. Comparison with well-known and previously proposed array processors demonstrates a superior reduction of the positioning error from noise and interference residuals. In addition, we derive the processor for optimisation of precision in a single position co-ordinate, such as height, or time; the improvement of vertical precision could be a significant development for the use of GPS in aviation.","PeriodicalId":332554,"journal":{"name":"15th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130870877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-27DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1996.559177
G. Freyer, M. Hatfield, T.A. Loughry
Characterization of the cavity electromagnetic environment and various coupling mechanisms to aircraft systems have been performed for internal emitters. One potential coupling mechanism is radiative coupling to wire bundles which then penetrate an electronic system enclosure as well as direct aperture coupling to the enclosure. This paper addresses the issue of cavity-to-cavity coupling or the electromagnetic environment in one cavity due to an emitter in another cavity. Cavity-to-cavity coupling needs to be considered since commercial aircraft design does not specifically provide for significant cavity isolation. The paper presents cavity-to cavity coupling data for two narrow body aircraft. The experimental approach and the resulting data are applicable to frequency regions where the cavities are multi-moded. Coupling data are provided from the passenger cabin to cockpit and avionics bay. An application of this information is to quantify the potential for electromagnetic interference from portable electronic devices which may be operated in the passenger cabin. Based on the measured cavity electromagnetic environment data, the paper provides a preliminary estimate of the relationships between the number and power output of portable electronic devices in the passenger cabin and the radiative environment levels expected in the cockpit or avionics bay.
{"title":"Cavity to cavity coupling measurements in commercial aircraft and the implications for on-board operation of personal electronic devices","authors":"G. Freyer, M. Hatfield, T.A. Loughry","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1996.559177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1996.559177","url":null,"abstract":"Characterization of the cavity electromagnetic environment and various coupling mechanisms to aircraft systems have been performed for internal emitters. One potential coupling mechanism is radiative coupling to wire bundles which then penetrate an electronic system enclosure as well as direct aperture coupling to the enclosure. This paper addresses the issue of cavity-to-cavity coupling or the electromagnetic environment in one cavity due to an emitter in another cavity. Cavity-to-cavity coupling needs to be considered since commercial aircraft design does not specifically provide for significant cavity isolation. The paper presents cavity-to cavity coupling data for two narrow body aircraft. The experimental approach and the resulting data are applicable to frequency regions where the cavities are multi-moded. Coupling data are provided from the passenger cabin to cockpit and avionics bay. An application of this information is to quantify the potential for electromagnetic interference from portable electronic devices which may be operated in the passenger cabin. Based on the measured cavity electromagnetic environment data, the paper provides a preliminary estimate of the relationships between the number and power output of portable electronic devices in the passenger cabin and the radiative environment levels expected in the cockpit or avionics bay.","PeriodicalId":332554,"journal":{"name":"15th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116311434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-27DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1996.559193
E. S. Baudhuin
This paper explores the concept of providing military maintenance personnel with a wearable personal computer and interactive electronic technical manual (IETM) support as maintenance tasks are performed at equipment sites. Wearable PCs, when combined with PCMCIA card technologies, are an evolutionary hardware concept worn on the technician's body, enabling personnel to obtain information such as specific maintenance procedures, drawings and digital photographs of the equipment and sub-assemblies. All maintenance information is provided where and when it is needed, virtually eliminating the need for any paper-based technical documentation. It is hypothesized that wearable technology will increase maintenance productivity, minimize errors, and reduce training requirements. Wearable PCs incorporate voice recognition and helmet mounted display technology allowing maintenance personnel hands and eyes free as they perform maintenance tasks. Wearable PCs also utilize Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, high-speed fax modems, and wireless LAN technology for connectivity to to servers and the Internet system. The WEARABLE/sup TM/ PC makes the concept of "telemaintenance" a reality.
{"title":"Telemaintenance applications for the Wearable/sup TM/PC","authors":"E. S. Baudhuin","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1996.559193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1996.559193","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the concept of providing military maintenance personnel with a wearable personal computer and interactive electronic technical manual (IETM) support as maintenance tasks are performed at equipment sites. Wearable PCs, when combined with PCMCIA card technologies, are an evolutionary hardware concept worn on the technician's body, enabling personnel to obtain information such as specific maintenance procedures, drawings and digital photographs of the equipment and sub-assemblies. All maintenance information is provided where and when it is needed, virtually eliminating the need for any paper-based technical documentation. It is hypothesized that wearable technology will increase maintenance productivity, minimize errors, and reduce training requirements. Wearable PCs incorporate voice recognition and helmet mounted display technology allowing maintenance personnel hands and eyes free as they perform maintenance tasks. Wearable PCs also utilize Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, high-speed fax modems, and wireless LAN technology for connectivity to to servers and the Internet system. The WEARABLE/sup TM/ PC makes the concept of \"telemaintenance\" a reality.","PeriodicalId":332554,"journal":{"name":"15th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125556160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-27DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1996.559148
J. Lyke
A highly-functional self-contained sensor data acquisition and processing system is under development for a probe designed to penetrate the surface of Mars. The processing system, based on an 8051 controller, is about the size of a postage stamp, weighs three grams, and consumes 50 mW in nominal operation. It is designed to operate in space under 15,000 G impacts and down to -120/spl deg/C temperatures. Though small, its 32 analog inputs, six serial ports, 32 digital interface lines, eight analog outputs, and in-situ reprogrammability make this device attractive for direct application in many aerospace systems.
{"title":"Design of a power-optimized micro miniature advanced instrument controller for sensor craft applications","authors":"J. Lyke","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1996.559148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1996.559148","url":null,"abstract":"A highly-functional self-contained sensor data acquisition and processing system is under development for a probe designed to penetrate the surface of Mars. The processing system, based on an 8051 controller, is about the size of a postage stamp, weighs three grams, and consumes 50 mW in nominal operation. It is designed to operate in space under 15,000 G impacts and down to -120/spl deg/C temperatures. Though small, its 32 analog inputs, six serial ports, 32 digital interface lines, eight analog outputs, and in-situ reprogrammability make this device attractive for direct application in many aerospace systems.","PeriodicalId":332554,"journal":{"name":"15th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133583219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-02DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1996.559155
S.C. Johnson, D. Chin, R. B. Rovinsky, P. Kostiuk, D. A. Lee, R. Hemm, E. Wingrove
While much of the emphasis of the free-flight movement has been concentrated on reducing enroute delays, airport capacity is a major bottleneck in the current airspace system, particularly during bad weather. According to the Air Transport Association (ATA) Air Carrier Delay Reports, ground delays (gate-hold, taxi-in, and taxi-out) comprise 75 percent of total delays. It is likely that the projected steady growth in traffic will only exacerbate these losses. Preliminary analyses show that implementation of the terminal area technologies and procedures under development in NASA's Terminal Area Productivity program can potentially save the airlines at least $350M annually in weather-related delays by the year 2005 at Boston Logan and Detroit airports alone. This paper briefly describes the Terminal Area Productivity program, outlines the cost/benefit analyses that are being conducted in support of the program, and presents some preliminary analysis results.
{"title":"Reduction of weather-related terminal area delays in the free-flight era","authors":"S.C. Johnson, D. Chin, R. B. Rovinsky, P. Kostiuk, D. A. Lee, R. Hemm, E. Wingrove","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1996.559155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1996.559155","url":null,"abstract":"While much of the emphasis of the free-flight movement has been concentrated on reducing enroute delays, airport capacity is a major bottleneck in the current airspace system, particularly during bad weather. According to the Air Transport Association (ATA) Air Carrier Delay Reports, ground delays (gate-hold, taxi-in, and taxi-out) comprise 75 percent of total delays. It is likely that the projected steady growth in traffic will only exacerbate these losses. Preliminary analyses show that implementation of the terminal area technologies and procedures under development in NASA's Terminal Area Productivity program can potentially save the airlines at least $350M annually in weather-related delays by the year 2005 at Boston Logan and Detroit airports alone. This paper briefly describes the Terminal Area Productivity program, outlines the cost/benefit analyses that are being conducted in support of the program, and presents some preliminary analysis results.","PeriodicalId":332554,"journal":{"name":"15th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128498657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1996.559194
J. Ozols
Current military avionics systems have arisen from a technology, procurement, and support heritage that has driven system concepts and approaches down very narrow channels. The present technology and programmatic environments open the possibility of a rennaissance in avionics system thinking. This paper briefly carries out one such exercise.
{"title":"Avionics processors in the coming era: if you touch me more than twice I'll scream","authors":"J. Ozols","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1996.559194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1996.559194","url":null,"abstract":"Current military avionics systems have arisen from a technology, procurement, and support heritage that has driven system concepts and approaches down very narrow channels. The present technology and programmatic environments open the possibility of a rennaissance in avionics system thinking. This paper briefly carries out one such exercise.","PeriodicalId":332554,"journal":{"name":"15th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124604107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1996.559196
G. Fuller, W. E. Larsen
The FAA and industry EMC leaders have periodically met to define the adequacy of protection requirements for civil avionics from outside interference since 1980. In 1986 the FAA Technical Center contracted for a definition of the electromagnetic environment for civil aviation. This study was performed by the Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Center (ECAC). The study has shown levels of exposure to this threat as high as 4 orders of magnitude (10,000 times) higher than the then current civil aircraft EMC susceptibility test certification standards of 1 volt/meter (DO-160). This environment was also 2 orders of magnitude higher (100 times) than the then prevailing military avionics systems test standards (Mil Std 461/462).
{"title":"Avionics HIRF certification for the 21st century","authors":"G. Fuller, W. E. Larsen","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1996.559196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1996.559196","url":null,"abstract":"The FAA and industry EMC leaders have periodically met to define the adequacy of protection requirements for civil avionics from outside interference since 1980. In 1986 the FAA Technical Center contracted for a definition of the electromagnetic environment for civil aviation. This study was performed by the Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Center (ECAC). The study has shown levels of exposure to this threat as high as 4 orders of magnitude (10,000 times) higher than the then current civil aircraft EMC susceptibility test certification standards of 1 volt/meter (DO-160). This environment was also 2 orders of magnitude higher (100 times) than the then prevailing military avionics systems test standards (Mil Std 461/462).","PeriodicalId":332554,"journal":{"name":"15th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130689060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1996.559197
B. Crain, H. Zajac
The C-130 Hercules transport aircraft has been a workhorse for tactical military transport, commercial transport and multimission roles for over 40 years. In October 1995, Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems rolled out the C-130J -a completely modernized Hercules with a new propulsion system and one of the most advanced avionics systems on any aircraft flying today. Lockheed Martin has committed to certifying a commercial version of the C-130J (Model 382J) with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in accordance with Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) Part 25. This certification task has presented many challenges in the areas of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), lightning protection, and protection against high intensity radiated fields (HIRF). To keep development and production costs down, the Model 382J is designed using a mix of military and commercially certified equipment, with an emphasis on maximum use of off-the-shelf hardware. This certification program differs from a typical commercial certification effort because of the emphasis on military rather than commercially certified hardware. Not only has Lockheed Martin had to educate itself and the C-130J suppliers about commercial specifications, the Atlanta FAA Aircraft Certification Office (AGO) has had to familiarize itself with common military specifications. This paper describes the C-130J EMC/lighting/HIRF FAA certification effort.
{"title":"FAA certification of the C-130J for electromagnetic compatibility, lightning protection and HIRF","authors":"B. Crain, H. Zajac","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1996.559197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1996.559197","url":null,"abstract":"The C-130 Hercules transport aircraft has been a workhorse for tactical military transport, commercial transport and multimission roles for over 40 years. In October 1995, Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems rolled out the C-130J -a completely modernized Hercules with a new propulsion system and one of the most advanced avionics systems on any aircraft flying today. Lockheed Martin has committed to certifying a commercial version of the C-130J (Model 382J) with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in accordance with Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) Part 25. This certification task has presented many challenges in the areas of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), lightning protection, and protection against high intensity radiated fields (HIRF). To keep development and production costs down, the Model 382J is designed using a mix of military and commercially certified equipment, with an emphasis on maximum use of off-the-shelf hardware. This certification program differs from a typical commercial certification effort because of the emphasis on military rather than commercially certified hardware. Not only has Lockheed Martin had to educate itself and the C-130J suppliers about commercial specifications, the Atlanta FAA Aircraft Certification Office (AGO) has had to familiarize itself with common military specifications. This paper describes the C-130J EMC/lighting/HIRF FAA certification effort.","PeriodicalId":332554,"journal":{"name":"15th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128689145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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