A general architecture is presented to solve the multisensor, multitarget recognition and tracking problem. Candidate maximum a posteriori objective functionals are presented for kinematic and attribute report correlation. The treatment of multispectral noncommensurate attributes via their target classification capability is derived.
{"title":"Multisensor fusion of target attributes and kinematics","authors":"C. Bowman, C. Morefield","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1980.271921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1980.271921","url":null,"abstract":"A general architecture is presented to solve the multisensor, multitarget recognition and tracking problem. Candidate maximum a posteriori objective functionals are presented for kinematic and attribute report correlation. The treatment of multispectral noncommensurate attributes via their target classification capability is derived.","PeriodicalId":332964,"journal":{"name":"1980 19th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116185326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Canonical forms for the delay systems","authors":"E. Lee, S. Neftci, A. Olbrot","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1980.271900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1980.271900","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":332964,"journal":{"name":"1980 19th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"36 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116347811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The asymptotic behavior of Bayes optimal adaptive state estimation schemes (also called the partitioned adaptive estimation algorithms) for continuous-time linear dynamic Gauss-Markov systems with unknown parameters is investigated. The unknown system parameters are assumed to belong to a finite set. The results are developed through weak consistency of the maximum likelihood and the maximum a posteriori probability estimates of the unknown parameters.
{"title":"Convergence of continuous-time partitioned adaptive state estimators","authors":"Jitendra Tugnait","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1980.271884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1980.271884","url":null,"abstract":"The asymptotic behavior of Bayes optimal adaptive state estimation schemes (also called the partitioned adaptive estimation algorithms) for continuous-time linear dynamic Gauss-Markov systems with unknown parameters is investigated. The unknown system parameters are assumed to belong to a finite set. The results are developed through weak consistency of the maximum likelihood and the maximum a posteriori probability estimates of the unknown parameters.","PeriodicalId":332964,"journal":{"name":"1980 19th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116717099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The extension of the all-pole (AR) exact least-squares ladder algorithms to the pole-zero (ARMA) case is presented. The algorithms are based on a general set of recursions obtained by a geometric approach. The recursions obtained are square-root normalized and have much simpler structures than the unnormalized case. The white input as well as the possibly non-white unknown input case are discussed.
{"title":"Recursive ladder algorithms for ARMA modeling","authors":"D. L. Lee, B. Friedlander, M. Morf","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1980.271998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1980.271998","url":null,"abstract":"The extension of the all-pole (AR) exact least-squares ladder algorithms to the pole-zero (ARMA) case is presented. The algorithms are based on a general set of recursions obtained by a geometric approach. The recursions obtained are square-root normalized and have much simpler structures than the unnormalized case. The white input as well as the possibly non-white unknown input case are discussed.","PeriodicalId":332964,"journal":{"name":"1980 19th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114652263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper deals with the problem of allocating attention among multiple tasks in a supervisory control system. The situation is modeled in the framework of a single server priority queueing system. Using Bellman's principle of optimality, a functional equation for the optimal, state dependent, nonpreemptive priority policy is obtained. The optimal policy is contrasted with an easily computable, suboptimal threshold policy, based on heavy traffic approximation. It is concluded that the utility of the optimal policy is significant at medium to high traffic intensities, and that the heavy traffic, suboptimal policy should be of considerable use in this regard. Several modifications of the single server model, as well as extensions to multiple, interacting sever models are pointed out.
{"title":"Application of dynamic programming to priority assignment in a class of queueing systems with impatient customers","authors":"K. Pattipati, D. Kleinman","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1980.271905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1980.271905","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the problem of allocating attention among multiple tasks in a supervisory control system. The situation is modeled in the framework of a single server priority queueing system. Using Bellman's principle of optimality, a functional equation for the optimal, state dependent, nonpreemptive priority policy is obtained. The optimal policy is contrasted with an easily computable, suboptimal threshold policy, based on heavy traffic approximation. It is concluded that the utility of the optimal policy is significant at medium to high traffic intensities, and that the heavy traffic, suboptimal policy should be of considerable use in this regard. Several modifications of the single server model, as well as extensions to multiple, interacting sever models are pointed out.","PeriodicalId":332964,"journal":{"name":"1980 19th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134451165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An analysis of the Marine Amphibious Brigade (MAB) decision-making environment is presented. The method of approach used to characterize MAB decisions is general in nature and can be applied to other environments as well. The outcome of the analysis is a data-base of MAB decision tasks classified along two sets of descriptors. Although geared toward the selection of decision aids, and thus aimed at decision-making requirements, the method proposed here can also be used in other contexts such as decision-training.
{"title":"Human decision processes in command and control of Marine amphibious brigade operations","authors":"A. Crolotte, J. Saleh, A. Freedy","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1980.271996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1980.271996","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of the Marine Amphibious Brigade (MAB) decision-making environment is presented. The method of approach used to characterize MAB decisions is general in nature and can be applied to other environments as well. The outcome of the analysis is a data-base of MAB decision tasks classified along two sets of descriptors. Although geared toward the selection of decision aids, and thus aimed at decision-making requirements, the method proposed here can also be used in other contexts such as decision-training.","PeriodicalId":332964,"journal":{"name":"1980 19th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133529501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A major practical limit to the size of antennas in space is the minimum feasible mass per unit reflecting area. To achieve low antenna mass the reflector could be constructed from a wire mesh or metalized plastic film. This structure has little inherent mechanical rigidity, but rigidity can be achieved by feedback control of surface deflections at many points. For geodesic reflectors with flat facets, for instance, D/93¿¿ control points are required to achieve an rms surface tolerance of E¿ for an antenna with aperture diameter D and focal length ¿D. Simple electrostatic actuators are considered which can reduce this required number of control points by a factor of 10 or more. As antenna geometry is adjusted to achieve increasingly precise electrostatic reflector figure control, the reflector will begin to exhibit Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. It can be advantageous to operate within this unstable regime because achievable D/¿, and hence antenna beamwidth and gain, scale as M2, M-2, and M4 respectively, where M is the number of successfully stabilized reflector deflection modes. The origin and essential elements of this control problem are described and a control approach is proposed. A laboratory demonstration of three successfully stabilized modes on a meter-square wire mesh is also described which suggests that electrostatically-figured antennas with ¿ as small as 1 could perhaps achieve beamwidths of 1 to 10 arc-seconds.
{"title":"Electrostatically-controlled large-aperture reflecting satellite antennas","authors":"J. Lang, D. Staelin","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1980.271950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1980.271950","url":null,"abstract":"A major practical limit to the size of antennas in space is the minimum feasible mass per unit reflecting area. To achieve low antenna mass the reflector could be constructed from a wire mesh or metalized plastic film. This structure has little inherent mechanical rigidity, but rigidity can be achieved by feedback control of surface deflections at many points. For geodesic reflectors with flat facets, for instance, D/93¿¿ control points are required to achieve an rms surface tolerance of E¿ for an antenna with aperture diameter D and focal length ¿D. Simple electrostatic actuators are considered which can reduce this required number of control points by a factor of 10 or more. As antenna geometry is adjusted to achieve increasingly precise electrostatic reflector figure control, the reflector will begin to exhibit Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. It can be advantageous to operate within this unstable regime because achievable D/¿, and hence antenna beamwidth and gain, scale as M2, M-2, and M4 respectively, where M is the number of successfully stabilized reflector deflection modes. The origin and essential elements of this control problem are described and a control approach is proposed. A laboratory demonstration of three successfully stabilized modes on a meter-square wire mesh is also described which suggests that electrostatically-figured antennas with ¿ as small as 1 could perhaps achieve beamwidths of 1 to 10 arc-seconds.","PeriodicalId":332964,"journal":{"name":"1980 19th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123746586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, there have been a number of attempts to apply optimal control theory to the analysis of animal and human locomotion[1,2,3]. These attempts have been Motivated by problems in prosthesis design, rehabilitation engineering, and sports and by the belief that optimal control theory is a useful technique for the elucidation of complex control problems. There is also interest, at present, in legged vehicles [4] and other anthropomorphic devices [5]. All these problems involve the dynamics of multi-segment pendula. The problems are thus nonlinear, have unusual state constraints and often involve controls that are not bang-bang. Because of this, it has generally been impossible to solve these optimization problems analytically. The exception to this has been a recent paper [6] in which the simplest case, that of making a baton "jump" as high as possible, was solved analytically.
{"title":"Some results on constrained maximal height jumps","authors":"W. Levine, F. Zajac, M. Zomlefer, M. Belzer","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1980.271971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1980.271971","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there have been a number of attempts to apply optimal control theory to the analysis of animal and human locomotion[1,2,3]. These attempts have been Motivated by problems in prosthesis design, rehabilitation engineering, and sports and by the belief that optimal control theory is a useful technique for the elucidation of complex control problems. There is also interest, at present, in legged vehicles [4] and other anthropomorphic devices [5]. All these problems involve the dynamics of multi-segment pendula. The problems are thus nonlinear, have unusual state constraints and often involve controls that are not bang-bang. Because of this, it has generally been impossible to solve these optimization problems analytically. The exception to this has been a recent paper [6] in which the simplest case, that of making a baton \"jump\" as high as possible, was solved analytically.","PeriodicalId":332964,"journal":{"name":"1980 19th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125916803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design of controllers for distributed-parameter systems from truncated modal system descriptions is inherently conducted in ignorance of the actuator and sensor coupling to the unmodeled modes. The real presence of this coupling, referred to here as spillover, can cause significant changes in the expected closed-loop system behavior. To examine the effects of spillover, this coupling is treated as a perturbation to the truncated modal distributed system dynamic model with a scale parameter of smallness ¿. Perturbation power series in ¿ are derived for the spillover-induced shift in each closed-loop pole location. Providing that ¿ = 1 is within the region of convergence of a particular series, that series is evaluated at ¿ = 1 to obtain a pole shift expression for the associated pole. The resulting expressions are simple and yield considerable insight into the nature of spillover.
{"title":"A perturbation analysis of spillover in closed-loop distributed-parameter systems","authors":"J. Lang","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1980.271901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1980.271901","url":null,"abstract":"The design of controllers for distributed-parameter systems from truncated modal system descriptions is inherently conducted in ignorance of the actuator and sensor coupling to the unmodeled modes. The real presence of this coupling, referred to here as spillover, can cause significant changes in the expected closed-loop system behavior. To examine the effects of spillover, this coupling is treated as a perturbation to the truncated modal distributed system dynamic model with a scale parameter of smallness ¿. Perturbation power series in ¿ are derived for the spillover-induced shift in each closed-loop pole location. Providing that ¿ = 1 is within the region of convergence of a particular series, that series is evaluated at ¿ = 1 to obtain a pole shift expression for the associated pole. The resulting expressions are simple and yield considerable insight into the nature of spillover.","PeriodicalId":332964,"journal":{"name":"1980 19th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128853905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two different well known approches to the spectral factorization problem ¿(s)=W(s)W' (-s) are connected together by relating the geometric properties of the solution set of the underlying Algebraic Riccati Equation to the structure of the "all pass" factor of each minimal solution W(s).
{"title":"On the structure of minimal spectral factors","authors":"L. Finesso, G. Picci","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1980.271807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1980.271807","url":null,"abstract":"Two different well known approches to the spectral factorization problem ¿(s)=W(s)W' (-s) are connected together by relating the geometric properties of the solution set of the underlying Algebraic Riccati Equation to the structure of the \"all pass\" factor of each minimal solution W(s).","PeriodicalId":332964,"journal":{"name":"1980 19th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127720464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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