Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.13083/reveng.v29i1.10666
R. Navroski, Caroline Farias Barreto, Jorge Atílio Benati, R. Farias, C. Martins, M. Malgarim
This study aimed at evaluating the quality of peaches borne by the cultivar BRS Kampai when cooled at intermittent temperatures throughout storage. They were stored at 1°C and relative humidity between 80% and 90% in a cold storage chamber. The following treatments were applied: T1 - fruit stored at 1±0.5°C; T2 - fruit stored at 1±0.5°C and increase in temperature every five days to 25°C; and T3 - fruit stored at 1±0.5°C and increase in temperature every seven days to 25°C. Fruit were submitted to increase in temperature when they were withdrawn from the cold storage chamber and kept in a heated room. Evaluations were conducted when fruit were harvested, after 10 cold storage days and 2 days of commercialization simulation at 25ºC (10+2) and after 20 cold storage days and 2 days of commercialization simulation at 25ºC (20+2). Peaches were evaluated in terms of mass loss, pulp firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and epidermis color. T1 exhibited higher mass loss, higher soluble solid content and higher pulp firmness after 20 cold storage days, by comparison with the other treatments. T2 led to lower mass loss after 20 cold storage days than the ones of the other treatments. However, T2 also showed higher loss of pulp firmness in the same period. The use of intermittent temperatures throughout storage of ‘BRS Kampai’ peaches may be an alternative to extend their post-harvest period.
{"title":"Intermittent temperatures in the conservation of ‘BRS Kampai’ peaches","authors":"R. Navroski, Caroline Farias Barreto, Jorge Atílio Benati, R. Farias, C. Martins, M. Malgarim","doi":"10.13083/reveng.v29i1.10666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v29i1.10666","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at evaluating the quality of peaches borne by the cultivar BRS Kampai when cooled at intermittent temperatures throughout storage. They were stored at 1°C and relative humidity between 80% and 90% in a cold storage chamber. The following treatments were applied: T1 - fruit stored at 1±0.5°C; T2 - fruit stored at 1±0.5°C and increase in temperature every five days to 25°C; and T3 - fruit stored at 1±0.5°C and increase in temperature every seven days to 25°C. Fruit were submitted to increase in temperature when they were withdrawn from the cold storage chamber and kept in a heated room. Evaluations were conducted when fruit were harvested, after 10 cold storage days and 2 days of commercialization simulation at 25ºC (10+2) and after 20 cold storage days and 2 days of commercialization simulation at 25ºC (20+2). Peaches were evaluated in terms of mass loss, pulp firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and epidermis color. T1 exhibited higher mass loss, higher soluble solid content and higher pulp firmness after 20 cold storage days, by comparison with the other treatments. T2 led to lower mass loss after 20 cold storage days than the ones of the other treatments. However, T2 also showed higher loss of pulp firmness in the same period. The use of intermittent temperatures throughout storage of ‘BRS Kampai’ peaches may be an alternative to extend their post-harvest period.","PeriodicalId":33461,"journal":{"name":"Engenharia na Agricultura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45335646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-13DOI: 10.13083/reveng.v29i1.11825
Dayane Andrade da Silva Bourguignon, M. Fraga, G. Lyra, R. Cecílio, M. Abreu
Monitoring water quality is important for the suitable management of water resources. Therefore, this study aims to assess the main water quality parameters and the National Sanitation Foundation-Water Quality Index (WQINSF) of four locations on the Paraíba do Sul River basin, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, influenced by different land use and land cover, and in the dry and rainy seasons. The following quality parameters were evaluated: total phosphorus (TP), nitrate (NO3-), dissolved oxygen (DO), potential of hydrogen (pH), turbidity (Turb), thermotolerant coliforms (Col), total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), water temperature (Twater) and air temperature (Tair). Statistical differences (p < 0.05) were observed between the dry and rainy seasons for the parameters: TP, Col, Turb, TDS, Twater, Tair, NO3-, DO, and WQINSF. The concentration of rainfall was effective in water quality parameters behavior. WQINSF was lower in the rainy season and possibly the runoff was the major cause of water quality degradation. Land use and land cover influenced the concentration of DO and Col and, consequently, WQINSF. Despite statistical differences, in most cases, the Paraíba do Sul River basin lies in medium water quality index according to the classification of the National Water and Sanitation Agency (ANA).
水质监测对水资源的合理管理具有重要意义。因此，本研究旨在评估巴西里约热内卢州Paraíba do Sul河流域四个地点的主要水质参数和国家卫生基金会-水质指数(WQINSF)，受不同土地利用和土地覆盖的影响，在旱季和雨季。评价水质参数:总磷(TP)、硝酸盐(NO3-)、溶解氧(DO)、氢势(pH)、浊度(Turb)、耐热大肠菌群(Col)、总溶解固形物(TDS)、生化需氧量(BOD)、水温(Twater)和气温(Tair)。TP、Col、Turb、TDS、water、Tair、NO3-、DO、WQINSF等参数在旱季与雨季间均有统计学差异(p < 0.05)。降雨浓度对水质参数行为有影响。雨季WQINSF较低，径流可能是造成水质退化的主要原因。土地利用和土地覆盖影响DO和Col浓度，进而影响WQINSF。尽管在统计上存在差异，但根据国家水和环卫局(ANA)的分类，在大多数情况下，Paraíba do Sul河流域处于中等水质指数。
{"title":"Effect of rainfall seasonality and land use on the water quality of the paraíba do sul river","authors":"Dayane Andrade da Silva Bourguignon, M. Fraga, G. Lyra, R. Cecílio, M. Abreu","doi":"10.13083/reveng.v29i1.11825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v29i1.11825","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring water quality is important for the suitable management of water resources. Therefore, this study aims to assess the main water quality parameters and the National Sanitation Foundation-Water Quality Index (WQINSF) of four locations on the Paraíba do Sul River basin, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, influenced by different land use and land cover, and in the dry and rainy seasons. The following quality parameters were evaluated: total phosphorus (TP), nitrate (NO3-), dissolved oxygen (DO), potential of hydrogen (pH), turbidity (Turb), thermotolerant coliforms (Col), total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), water temperature (Twater) and air temperature (Tair). Statistical differences (p < 0.05) were observed between the dry and rainy seasons for the parameters: TP, Col, Turb, TDS, Twater, Tair, NO3-, DO, and WQINSF. The concentration of rainfall was effective in water quality parameters behavior. WQINSF was lower in the rainy season and possibly the runoff was the major cause of water quality degradation. Land use and land cover influenced the concentration of DO and Col and, consequently, WQINSF. Despite statistical differences, in most cases, the Paraíba do Sul River basin lies in medium water quality index according to the classification of the National Water and Sanitation Agency (ANA).","PeriodicalId":33461,"journal":{"name":"Engenharia na Agricultura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45205981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-06DOI: 10.13083/reveng.v29i1.12460
G. S. Wenneck, R. Saath, Roberto Rezende, L. Silva
The measurement of leaf pigments using non-destructive methods can be influenced by water management conditions and the use of nutrients in cauliflower, not showing adequate correlations with chlorophyll contents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the SPAD index and the pigment content in cauliflower leaves managed with different water conditions and the application of silicon (Si). The cultivation was carried out in a protected environment in the city of Maringá, Paraná State from October 2019 to March 2020. It was adopted a randomized block design, with treatments in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, with three levels of water recharge (40; 70 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) and four doses of Si (0; 50; 100 and 150 kg ha-1), with four replications. Once plants showed developed inflorescence, the SPAD index was determined in the field and the levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in the laboratory using leaves from the upper third. The correlation between water recharge and Si fertilization on the SPAD index was determined. The proportion of carotenoids in relation to total pigments was compared under different conditions. Correlation analysis was performed considering silicon fertilization, water recharge, leaf pigments, and the SPAD index. Silicon fertilization reduced the levels of carotenoids in addition to being related to chlorophyll a (100% of ETc) and chlorophyll b (70% of ETc). The correlation of the SPAD index with pigments is variable with the water condition of the crop, in a condition without water deficit, it is related to chlorophyll a and in a condition of 70% replacement of ETc, it is correlated with chlorophyll b.
使用非破坏性方法测量叶片色素可能会受到水管理条件和花椰菜营养物质使用的影响，而与叶绿素含量没有充分的相关性。本研究的目的是评估不同水分条件下和施用硅（Si）处理的花椰菜叶片中SPAD指数与色素含量之间的相关性。2019年10月至2020年3月，在巴拉那州马林加市的受保护环境中进行了种植。采用随机区组设计，采用3×4析因方案进行处理，三个水平的水分补给（40；70%和100%的作物蒸散量（ETc））和四个剂量的硅（0；50；100和150 kg ha-1），四次重复。一旦植物显示出发育的花序，就可以在田间测定SPAD指数，并在实验室中使用三分之一以上的叶片测定叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的水平。在SPAD指数上确定了水分补给与硅肥的相关性。在不同条件下比较类胡萝卜素与总色素的比例。考虑施硅量、水分补给、叶片色素和SPAD指数进行了相关分析。硅施肥降低了类胡萝卜素的水平，此外还与叶绿素a（占ETc的100%）和叶绿素b（占ETc的70%）有关。SPAD指数与色素的相关性随着作物的水分状况而变化，在没有缺水的条件下，它与叶绿素a有关，在ETc替代70%的条件下与叶绿素b有关。
{"title":"SPAD index and leaf pigments in cauliflower in different water conditions and silicon fertilization","authors":"G. S. Wenneck, R. Saath, Roberto Rezende, L. Silva","doi":"10.13083/reveng.v29i1.12460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v29i1.12460","url":null,"abstract":"The measurement of leaf pigments using non-destructive methods can be influenced by water management conditions and the use of nutrients in cauliflower, not showing adequate correlations with chlorophyll contents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the SPAD index and the pigment content in cauliflower leaves managed with different water conditions and the application of silicon (Si). The cultivation was carried out in a protected environment in the city of Maringá, Paraná State from October 2019 to March 2020. It was adopted a randomized block design, with treatments in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, with three levels of water recharge (40; 70 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) and four doses of Si (0; 50; 100 and 150 kg ha-1), with four replications. Once plants showed developed inflorescence, the SPAD index was determined in the field and the levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in the laboratory using leaves from the upper third. The correlation between water recharge and Si fertilization on the SPAD index was determined. The proportion of carotenoids in relation to total pigments was compared under different conditions. Correlation analysis was performed considering silicon fertilization, water recharge, leaf pigments, and the SPAD index. Silicon fertilization reduced the levels of carotenoids in addition to being related to chlorophyll a (100% of ETc) and chlorophyll b (70% of ETc). The correlation of the SPAD index with pigments is variable with the water condition of the crop, in a condition without water deficit, it is related to chlorophyll a and in a condition of 70% replacement of ETc, it is correlated with chlorophyll b.","PeriodicalId":33461,"journal":{"name":"Engenharia na Agricultura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46234430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.13083/REVENG.V29I1.9527
R. Rezende, E. T. Andrade, J. L. G. Correa, R. Magalhães
A model is a representation of a real system that can be analysed and yield predictions under different operating conditions. The aim of this study was to model a milk cooling tank that cools milk to 4 °C to preserve its quality after milking at the farm. The model was developed and simulated using the software Ansys for finite element analysis. The results from the simulations were compared to experimental data. The model simulated milk cooling in the tank with an error lower than 2%, which is considered acceptable for numerical simulations. In other words, the model satisfactorily represents the real system. Thus, alternatives can be directly tested in the computational model to improve and optimise the milk cooling process and to better use the system without actually implementing them in the real system.
{"title":"Numerical simulation applied to milk cooling","authors":"R. Rezende, E. T. Andrade, J. L. G. Correa, R. Magalhães","doi":"10.13083/REVENG.V29I1.9527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13083/REVENG.V29I1.9527","url":null,"abstract":"A model is a representation of a real system that can be analysed and yield predictions under different operating conditions. The aim of this study was to model a milk cooling tank that cools milk to 4 °C to preserve its quality after milking at the farm. The model was developed and simulated using the software Ansys for finite element analysis. The results from the simulations were compared to experimental data. The model simulated milk cooling in the tank with an error lower than 2%, which is considered acceptable for numerical simulations. In other words, the model satisfactorily represents the real system. Thus, alternatives can be directly tested in the computational model to improve and optimise the milk cooling process and to better use the system without actually implementing them in the real system.","PeriodicalId":33461,"journal":{"name":"Engenharia na Agricultura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43119805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.13083/REVENG.V29I1.11641
Priscila Esposte Coutinho, M. Cataldi
In the last century, changes in climate trends have been observed around the planet, which have resulted in alterations in the hydrological cycle. Studies that take into account the impact of climate change on water availability are of great importance, especially in Brazil’s case, where water from rivers, beyond being destined for human consumption, animal watering and economic activities, has a great participation in electricity generation. This fact makes its energy matrix vulnerable to variations in the climate system. In this study, a flow analysis for the head of the São Francisco river basin was performed between 2010 and 2100, considering the precipitation data of the CCSM4 climate model presented in the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Projections of future flow were performed for the scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, based on the SMAP rain-flow model, followed by a comparative analysis with the present climate. In general, we can observe that the decades of 2010 to 2100 will be marked by the high levels of precipitation, interspersed by long droughts, in which the recorded flow will be lower than the Long Term Average (LTA) calculated for the basin. Therefore, new management strategies must be considered to maintain the multiple uses of the basin.
{"title":"Assessment of water availability in the period of 100 years at the head of the São Francisco river basin, based on climate change scenarios","authors":"Priscila Esposte Coutinho, M. Cataldi","doi":"10.13083/REVENG.V29I1.11641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13083/REVENG.V29I1.11641","url":null,"abstract":"In the last century, changes in climate trends have been observed around the planet, which have resulted in alterations in the hydrological cycle. Studies that take into account the impact of climate change on water availability are of great importance, especially in Brazil’s case, where water from rivers, beyond being destined for human consumption, animal watering and economic activities, has a great participation in electricity generation. This fact makes its energy matrix vulnerable to variations in the climate system. In this study, a flow analysis for the head of the São Francisco river basin was performed between 2010 and 2100, considering the precipitation data of the CCSM4 climate model presented in the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Projections of future flow were performed for the scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, based on the SMAP rain-flow model, followed by a comparative analysis with the present climate. In general, we can observe that the decades of 2010 to 2100 will be marked by the high levels of precipitation, interspersed by long droughts, in which the recorded flow will be lower than the Long Term Average (LTA) calculated for the basin. Therefore, new management strategies must be considered to maintain the multiple uses of the basin.","PeriodicalId":33461,"journal":{"name":"Engenharia na Agricultura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48701467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-14DOI: 10.13083/REVENG.V29I1.11568
I. Sousa, A. P. Rosa, J. Lopes, A. Borges, Baltzar dos Reis Magos, Matheus de Souza Soares
The use of anaerobic digesters to convert residual biomass for energy use and nutrient recovery has been increasingly indicated by the operational simplicity and added value of the treatment by-products. However, the levels of solids present in the influents to be treated directly influence the operation and management of the system. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of covered lagoon digesters in terms of the solids loading in the swine wastewater treatment system. The study was performed in a farm located in Zona da Mata Mineira. The monitoring took place from September 2018 to August 2019. The influent flow of waste was estimated based on the analysis of monthly water consumption on the farm. The collection and sampling took place weekly, the influents and effuents were analyzed in terms of the solids loading of total solids (TS) and volatiles solids (VS). The mean total flow distributed to the two digesters was 102.3 m³.d-1, with a mean hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24.5 days. The results ranged from 1.14 to 2.83% for TS at the start of treatment. In most of the monitored months, anaerobic digesters were being fed with organic overload in terms of VS, which consequently affected the efficiency of the system, which were 33.6% for TS and 39.5% for VS.
厌氧消化器的操作简单性和处理副产品的附加值越来越表明，利用厌氧消化器将剩余生物质转化为能源使用和营养回收。然而，待处理的影响物中存在的固体水平直接影响系统的操作和管理。因此，本研究的目的是根据猪废水处理系统中的固体负荷来评估覆盖泻湖消化器的性能。这项研究是在Zona da Mata Mineira的一个农场进行的。监测于2018年9月至2019年8月进行。根据对农场每月用水量的分析，估算了废水的流入流量。每周进行一次收集和采样，根据总固体（TS）和挥发物固体（VS）的固体含量分析影响因素。分配到两个蒸煮器的平均总流量为102.3 m³.d-1，平均水力停留时间（HRT）为24.5天。治疗开始时TS的结果范围为1.14%至2.83%。在监测的大多数月份中，厌氧消化器在VS方面被供给有机过载，这因此影响了系统的效率，TS为33.6%，VS为39.5%。
{"title":"Evaluation of the performance of covered lagoon digester in terms of the solids loading","authors":"I. Sousa, A. P. Rosa, J. Lopes, A. Borges, Baltzar dos Reis Magos, Matheus de Souza Soares","doi":"10.13083/REVENG.V29I1.11568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13083/REVENG.V29I1.11568","url":null,"abstract":"The use of anaerobic digesters to convert residual biomass for energy use and nutrient recovery has been increasingly indicated by the operational simplicity and added value of the treatment by-products. However, the levels of solids present in the influents to be treated directly influence the operation and management of the system. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of covered lagoon digesters in terms of the solids loading in the swine wastewater treatment system. The study was performed in a farm located in Zona da Mata Mineira. The monitoring took place from September 2018 to August 2019. The influent flow of waste was estimated based on the analysis of monthly water consumption on the farm. The collection and sampling took place weekly, the influents and effuents were analyzed in terms of the solids loading of total solids (TS) and volatiles solids (VS). The mean total flow distributed to the two digesters was 102.3 m³.d-1, with a mean hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24.5 days. The results ranged from 1.14 to 2.83% for TS at the start of treatment. In most of the monitored months, anaerobic digesters were being fed with organic overload in terms of VS, which consequently affected the efficiency of the system, which were 33.6% for TS and 39.5% for VS.","PeriodicalId":33461,"journal":{"name":"Engenharia na Agricultura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49443145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.13083/reveng.v29i1.11679
Marina Galdez de Castro Silva, C. M. Hüther, Bruno Bernardo Ramos, Patrícia da Silva Araújo, L. S. Hamacher, C. R. Pereira
Hydroponics is a cultivation technique without soil. There are several modalities for the system and among them is the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), which consists of using channels to circulate a nutrient solution intermittently. Due to the existence of risks of soil and water contamination in metropolitan areas, hydroponics is a potential alternative to conventional production. Therefore, the present work sought to verify the current study of knowledge of the NFT hydroponic system in the international literature and the performance of the countries on it. For this, a bibliographic survey was carried out from 2010 to 2019 on the international research bases Science Direct, Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Scielo using the search terms “Hydroponics” and “Nutrient Film Technique Hydroponics”. An increase in the number of studies was observed in the last four years of the analyzed period, that is, from 2016 to 2019, thus representing an increase in interest in hydroponics, especially the NFT type. This increase may be related to the efficiency and ease of handling this model, gains in productivity and the potential that this technique has for reducing the carbon footprint. Thus, Nutrient Film Technique is of great value in urban agriculture, especially in Brazil – its greatest representative –, with the potential to grow a lot in the future, due to its numerous benefits.
水培法是一种无土栽培技术。该系统有几种模式，其中包括营养膜技术(NFT)，它由使用通道间歇性地循环营养液组成。由于大城市存在土壤和水污染的风险，水培法是一种潜在的替代传统生产的方法。因此，本研究旨在验证目前国际文献中对NFT水培系统知识的研究以及各国在这方面的表现。为此，从2010年到2019年，在国际研究基地Science Direct、Portal de Periódicos da coordena o de aperfeiamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)和Scielo上进行了文献调查，搜索词为“水培法”和“营养膜技术水培法”。在分析期间的最后四年，即2016年至2019年，研究数量有所增加，因此代表了对水培，特别是NFT类型的兴趣增加。这种增长可能与处理该模型的效率和易用性、生产率的提高以及该技术在减少碳足迹方面的潜力有关。因此，营养膜技术在都市农业中具有很大的价值，特别是在其最大的代表巴西，由于其众多的好处，未来有很大的发展潜力。
{"title":"GLOBAL OVERVIEW OF HYDROPONICS: NUTRIENT FILM TECHNIQUE","authors":"Marina Galdez de Castro Silva, C. M. Hüther, Bruno Bernardo Ramos, Patrícia da Silva Araújo, L. S. Hamacher, C. R. Pereira","doi":"10.13083/reveng.v29i1.11679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v29i1.11679","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroponics is a cultivation technique without soil. There are several modalities for the system and among them is the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), which consists of using channels to circulate a nutrient solution intermittently. Due to the existence of risks of soil and water contamination in metropolitan areas, hydroponics is a potential alternative to conventional production. Therefore, the present work sought to verify the current study of knowledge of the NFT hydroponic system in the international literature and the performance of the countries on it. For this, a bibliographic survey was carried out from 2010 to 2019 on the international research bases Science Direct, Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Scielo using the search terms “Hydroponics” and “Nutrient Film Technique Hydroponics”. An increase in the number of studies was observed in the last four years of the analyzed period, that is, from 2016 to 2019, thus representing an increase in interest in hydroponics, especially the NFT type. This increase may be related to the efficiency and ease of handling this model, gains in productivity and the potential that this technique has for reducing the carbon footprint. Thus, Nutrient Film Technique is of great value in urban agriculture, especially in Brazil – its greatest representative –, with the potential to grow a lot in the future, due to its numerous benefits.","PeriodicalId":33461,"journal":{"name":"Engenharia na Agricultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66373708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.13083/reveng.v29i1.12336
R. M. Gandia, F. C. Gomes, W. C. D. Paula, P. Aguado
The objective of this work was to develop models using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to assess the maximum normal pressures in the static condition in silos using different wall friction coefficient and specific weight of the stored product compared to the pressures obtained by the Eurocode 1, part 4. The geometries of the silos models were developed based on the dimensions of the experimental station at the Universidad de Leon (Spain). The material properties were obtained by Jenike shear cell tests and were used to generate the models by the MEF. 3D models were generated varying the friction coefficient (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) and the specific weight (6; 7.5 and 9 kN / m3). It was verified that the models by FEM follow the theory of pressures in silos: normal pressures increase due to the increase in specific weight and decrease due to the increase in the friction coefficient. Moreover, the maximum normal pressure occurs at the hopper silo transition. The experimental pressures (FEM models) compared with Eurocode 1, part 4 allowed to validate the models developed, presenting trends of similar values to those found by the MEF. The experimental models demonstrated that the influence of the wall friction coefficient and specific weight significantly interferes with the pressures in slender silos.
{"title":"Influence of specific weight and wall friction coefficient on normal pressures in silos using the Finite Element Method","authors":"R. M. Gandia, F. C. Gomes, W. C. D. Paula, P. Aguado","doi":"10.13083/reveng.v29i1.12336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v29i1.12336","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to develop models using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to assess the maximum normal pressures in the static condition in silos using different wall friction coefficient and specific weight of the stored product compared to the pressures obtained by the Eurocode 1, part 4. The geometries of the silos models were developed based on the dimensions of the experimental station at the Universidad de Leon (Spain). The material properties were obtained by Jenike shear cell tests and were used to generate the models by the MEF. 3D models were generated varying the friction coefficient (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) and the specific weight (6; 7.5 and 9 kN / m3). It was verified that the models by FEM follow the theory of pressures in silos: normal pressures increase due to the increase in specific weight and decrease due to the increase in the friction coefficient. Moreover, the maximum normal pressure occurs at the hopper silo transition. The experimental pressures (FEM models) compared with Eurocode 1, part 4 allowed to validate the models developed, presenting trends of similar values to those found by the MEF. The experimental models demonstrated that the influence of the wall friction coefficient and specific weight significantly interferes with the pressures in slender silos.","PeriodicalId":33461,"journal":{"name":"Engenharia na Agricultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66373930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.13083/reveng.v29i1.12468
M. Ferreira, Rodrigo Esser, G. O. Santos, R. Tavares
Water and nutrient supply, as well as the soil texture, are some of the challenges that affect forage yield. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu cropped in clayey and sandy soil submitted to water and nutritional management, in the municipality of Rio Verde, State of Goiás. The treatments consisted of a combination of soil with two textural classes (clayey and sandy), two levels of fertilization (A1: 30; 7 and 36 and A2: 45; 10.5 and 54 NPK per Mg DM, respectively), and seven water depths (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125% and 150% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc)), in four replicates. Crop performance was evaluated using SPAD index, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf/stem ratio, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and dry matter. The data were subjected to multivariate data analysis. The principal component analysis allowed to observe that the first principal component explained 68.94% of the data, being characterized for promoting the best crop performance in relation to leaf length and width, characteristics that reflect in the other assessed variables. Forage performed poorly in winter because of the limitation of the climatic conditions. A higher yield was observed in the dry matter submitted to depths greater than 100% of ETc, regardless of the soil texture and the level of fertilization.
{"title":"Agronomic performance of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu cultivated in clayey and sandy soil submitted to water and nutritional management","authors":"M. Ferreira, Rodrigo Esser, G. O. Santos, R. Tavares","doi":"10.13083/reveng.v29i1.12468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v29i1.12468","url":null,"abstract":"Water and nutrient supply, as well as the soil texture, are some of the challenges that affect forage yield. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu cropped in clayey and sandy soil submitted to water and nutritional management, in the municipality of Rio Verde, State of Goiás. The treatments consisted of a combination of soil with two textural classes (clayey and sandy), two levels of fertilization (A1: 30; 7 and 36 and A2: 45; 10.5 and 54 NPK per Mg DM, respectively), and seven water depths (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125% and 150% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc)), in four replicates. Crop performance was evaluated using SPAD index, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf/stem ratio, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and dry matter. The data were subjected to multivariate data analysis. The principal component analysis allowed to observe that the first principal component explained 68.94% of the data, being characterized for promoting the best crop performance in relation to leaf length and width, characteristics that reflect in the other assessed variables. Forage performed poorly in winter because of the limitation of the climatic conditions. A higher yield was observed in the dry matter submitted to depths greater than 100% of ETc, regardless of the soil texture and the level of fertilization.","PeriodicalId":33461,"journal":{"name":"Engenharia na Agricultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66373959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.13083/reveng.v29i1.11738
Janaína Cassiano dos Santos, G. Lyra, M. Abreu, Daniel Carlos de Menezes
The aim of this work was to propose a method for the consistency of climatic series of monthly rainfall using a supervised and unsupervised approach. The methodology was applied for the series (1961-2010) of rainfall from weather stations located in the State of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and in the borders with the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo with the State of Rio de Janeiro. The data were submitted to quality analysis (physical and climatic limit and, space-time tendency) and gap filling, based on simple linear regression analysis, associated with the prediction band (p < 0.05 or 0.01), in addition to the Z-score (3, 4 or 5). Next, homogeneity analysis was applied to the continuous series, using the method of cumulative residuals. The coefficients of determination (r²) between the assessed series and the reference series were greater than 0.70 for gap filling both for the supervised and unsupervised approaches. In the analysis of data homogeneity, supervised and unsupervised approaches were effective in selecting homogeneous series, in which five out of the nine final stations were homogeneous (p > 0.9). In the other series, the homogeneity break points were identified and the simple linear regression method was applied for their homogenization. The proposed method was effective to consist of the rainfall series and allows the use of these data in climate studies.
{"title":"An approach to quality analysis, gap filling and homogeneity of monthly rainfall series","authors":"Janaína Cassiano dos Santos, G. Lyra, M. Abreu, Daniel Carlos de Menezes","doi":"10.13083/reveng.v29i1.11738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v29i1.11738","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to propose a method for the consistency of climatic series of monthly rainfall using a supervised and unsupervised approach. The methodology was applied for the series (1961-2010) of rainfall from weather stations located in the State of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and in the borders with the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo with the State of Rio de Janeiro. The data were submitted to quality analysis (physical and climatic limit and, space-time tendency) and gap filling, based on simple linear regression analysis, associated with the prediction band (p < 0.05 or 0.01), in addition to the Z-score (3, 4 or 5). Next, homogeneity analysis was applied to the continuous series, using the method of cumulative residuals. The coefficients of determination (r²) between the assessed series and the reference series were greater than 0.70 for gap filling both for the supervised and unsupervised approaches. In the analysis of data homogeneity, supervised and unsupervised approaches were effective in selecting homogeneous series, in which five out of the nine final stations were homogeneous (p > 0.9). In the other series, the homogeneity break points were identified and the simple linear regression method was applied for their homogenization. The proposed method was effective to consist of the rainfall series and allows the use of these data in climate studies.","PeriodicalId":33461,"journal":{"name":"Engenharia na Agricultura","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66373855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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