Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.13083/reveng.v30i1.14256
M. G. Anchieta, Gianlucca Pigatto, J. Baisch, Bianca Motta Dolianitis, P. Coradi, J. Guedes, M. Mazutti, M. Tres, G. Zabot
This study evaluated the efficiency of extracts obtained from Capsicum baccatum by ultrasound-assisted extraction in the control of Hovenia dulcis, which is an invasive species popularly known in Brazil as “uva-do-japão”. The effects of extraction time (20 – 60 min), maximum power fraction (50 – 100%), and pulse cycle (0.3 – 0.7) were investigated on the activities of extracts. The pre-emergence assays demonstrated inhibition of 45-100% on the 14th day. In the post-emergence, the root and shoot lengths were 3.0 and 2.6 times smaller than the control (without application of extract). The fresh mass and dry mass were 4.7 and 4.2 times lower than the control. All these best results were found in the assay with higher extraction time (60 min) and power fraction (100%), and lower pulse cycle (0.3). Chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids ranged from 0.84 to 1.15, 0.19 to 0.35 and 0.32 to 0.40 mg/g fresh mass, respectively. Overall, it is demonstrated that extracts from Capsicum baccatum presented an inhibitory effect on the germination of Hovenia dulcis. Although the extract did not completely inhibit germination or cause the death of seedlings, it presented an effect against the normal development of seedlings, including the roots and shoots, thus allowing it to be used as a control strategy before germination or for small plants of this invasive species.
{"title":"Pre- and post- emergence control of Hovenia dulcis with extracts obtained from pepper (Capsicum baccatum)","authors":"M. G. Anchieta, Gianlucca Pigatto, J. Baisch, Bianca Motta Dolianitis, P. Coradi, J. Guedes, M. Mazutti, M. Tres, G. Zabot","doi":"10.13083/reveng.v30i1.14256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v30i1.14256","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the efficiency of extracts obtained from Capsicum baccatum by ultrasound-assisted extraction in the control of Hovenia dulcis, which is an invasive species popularly known in Brazil as “uva-do-japão”. The effects of extraction time (20 – 60 min), maximum power fraction (50 – 100%), and pulse cycle (0.3 – 0.7) were investigated on the activities of extracts. The pre-emergence assays demonstrated inhibition of 45-100% on the 14th day. In the post-emergence, the root and shoot lengths were 3.0 and 2.6 times smaller than the control (without application of extract). The fresh mass and dry mass were 4.7 and 4.2 times lower than the control. All these best results were found in the assay with higher extraction time (60 min) and power fraction (100%), and lower pulse cycle (0.3). Chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids ranged from 0.84 to 1.15, 0.19 to 0.35 and 0.32 to 0.40 mg/g fresh mass, respectively. Overall, it is demonstrated that extracts from Capsicum baccatum presented an inhibitory effect on the germination of Hovenia dulcis. Although the extract did not completely inhibit germination or cause the death of seedlings, it presented an effect against the normal development of seedlings, including the roots and shoots, thus allowing it to be used as a control strategy before germination or for small plants of this invasive species.","PeriodicalId":33461,"journal":{"name":"Engenharia na Agricultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41484606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.13083/reveng.v30i1.14005
Jorge Otta Junior, Leandro Augusto de Carvalho, Pedro Luíz de Paula Filho, G. V. Miranda
Agriculture is the most water-demanding economic activity. Nevertheless, the monitoring of agricultural production systems can improve the soil water condition and contribute to soil conservation, as well as increase irrigation efficiency through quick and assertive decision-making. Thus, the objective of this work was to carry out a real-time evaluation of the wetting front (WF), the water infiltration rate in the soil, and to verify whether the system performance can affect infiltration test data in a Red Latosol with clayey and very clayey textures. The public domain prototype system consisted of a permeameter, and 10 soil moisture sensors that were calibrated by the oven drying method and inserted into a PVC pipe from 10 cm to 100 cm depth. The equipment allowed the evaluation of the wetting front and calculation of the infiltration rate and water retention and variations along the soil profile. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics using RStudio and Excel. The results showed that the prototype system is effective to simulate the water infiltration rate in the two soil textures analyzed at low cost.
{"title":"Wetting front of soil infiltration test by real-time sensing in prototype system real-time wetting front in soil infiltration tests","authors":"Jorge Otta Junior, Leandro Augusto de Carvalho, Pedro Luíz de Paula Filho, G. V. Miranda","doi":"10.13083/reveng.v30i1.14005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v30i1.14005","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is the most water-demanding economic activity. Nevertheless, the monitoring of agricultural production systems can improve the soil water condition and contribute to soil conservation, as well as increase irrigation efficiency through quick and assertive decision-making. Thus, the objective of this work was to carry out a real-time evaluation of the wetting front (WF), the water infiltration rate in the soil, and to verify whether the system performance can affect infiltration test data in a Red Latosol with clayey and very clayey textures. The public domain prototype system consisted of a permeameter, and 10 soil moisture sensors that were calibrated by the oven drying method and inserted into a PVC pipe from 10 cm to 100 cm depth. The equipment allowed the evaluation of the wetting front and calculation of the infiltration rate and water retention and variations along the soil profile. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics using RStudio and Excel. The results showed that the prototype system is effective to simulate the water infiltration rate in the two soil textures analyzed at low cost.","PeriodicalId":33461,"journal":{"name":"Engenharia na Agricultura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49647266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.13083/reveng.v30i1.13929
A. M. Barbosa, G. B. Silva, Silmara Elisiane da Silva Santos, T. A. Catuchi, C. S. Tiritan
This study aimed to evaluate the grain yield of soybean cultivars as a function of different sowing seasons and soil types, in the Western region of São Paulo state. Two experiments were performed in the district of Gardênia, municipality of Rancharia-SP in two types of soil (Red Argisol with medium sandy texture and Red Nitosol with very clayey texture). For both studies, a randomized block design in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme arranged in strips was adopted. The factors consisted of five sowing seasons (October 21st; November 4th; November 18th; December 2nd and December 16th) and two soybean cultivars (TMG 7060 IPRO and TMG 7062 IPRO). The sowing seasons performed on October 21th and November 4th showed the highest rates of plant growth and grain yield, regardless of soil texture. Grain yield was similar among the cultivars studied in the Red Argisol with medium sandy texture. In the very clayey Red Nitosol, the TMG 7062 cultivar had higher productivity in the sowing of November 4th and the TMG 7060 cultivar in the sowings of November 18th and December 2nd.
{"title":"Soybean yield as a function of sowing season","authors":"A. M. Barbosa, G. B. Silva, Silmara Elisiane da Silva Santos, T. A. Catuchi, C. S. Tiritan","doi":"10.13083/reveng.v30i1.13929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v30i1.13929","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the grain yield of soybean cultivars as a function of different sowing seasons and soil types, in the Western region of São Paulo state. Two experiments were performed in the district of Gardênia, municipality of Rancharia-SP in two types of soil (Red Argisol with medium sandy texture and Red Nitosol with very clayey texture). For both studies, a randomized block design in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme arranged in strips was adopted. The factors consisted of five sowing seasons (October 21st; November 4th; November 18th; December 2nd and December 16th) and two soybean cultivars (TMG 7060 IPRO and TMG 7062 IPRO). The sowing seasons performed on October 21th and November 4th showed the highest rates of plant growth and grain yield, regardless of soil texture. Grain yield was similar among the cultivars studied in the Red Argisol with medium sandy texture. In the very clayey Red Nitosol, the TMG 7062 cultivar had higher productivity in the sowing of November 4th and the TMG 7060 cultivar in the sowings of November 18th and December 2nd.","PeriodicalId":33461,"journal":{"name":"Engenharia na Agricultura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46302165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-11DOI: 10.13083/reveng.v30i1.13864
Gabriela Giusti, Y. M. Saavedra, G. F. Almeida
Mineral fertilizers are highly impactful in the agricultural sector, and animal manure can be an alternative to mitigate its impacts. The goal of this research was to estimate the potential environmental impacts on the production of soybean, maize, and wheat at the Lagoa do Sino Farm School from the Federal University of Sao Carlos, contemplating the 2016/2017 cropping season and testing the replacement of 100%, 50%, and 30% of chemical fertilization by composted cow manure. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was the methodology used. The functional unit was one ton of each crop produced on farm. Impacts were also assessed for one hectare of production for each agricultural product investigated and the system boundary was a cradle-to-farm gate. Impacts were assessed using the CML 2000 world+ method for abiotic depletion, global warming, acidification, and eutrophication. Chemical fertilization was the main hotspot for all crops produced. Soybean showed a potential impact of 1489 MJ, 125 kg CO2 eq., 0.6 kg SO2 eq., and 0.4 kg PO4 eq.; the production of maize 1497 MJ, 197 kg CO2 eq., 1 kg SO2 eq., and 0.8 kg PO4 eq.; and the production of wheat 5863 MJ, 632 kg CO2 eq., 3.3 kg SO2 eq., and 2.4 kg PO4 eq. The 30% substitution scenario was the most efficient observed since there is an increase in fuel consumption if distribution of larger amounts of manure are needed. Enriching the manure and investing in fossil fuel substitution will improve the environmental profile of the crops produced under intensive systems in the Southwest state of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
矿物肥料在农业部门具有很强的影响力，动物粪便可以作为减轻其影响的替代品。这项研究的目标是评估对圣卡洛斯联邦大学拉戈亚-多-希诺农场学校大豆、玉米和小麦生产的潜在环境影响，考虑2016/2017年的种植季节，并测试堆肥牛粪替代100%、50%和30%的化学肥料。生命周期评估（LCA）是所使用的方法。功能单元是农场生产的每种作物一吨。还评估了每种调查农产品一公顷产量的影响，系统边界是从摇篮到农场的大门。使用CML 2000 world+方法对非生物耗竭、全球变暖、酸化和富营养化的影响进行了评估。化学施肥是所有作物生产的主要热点。大豆表现出1489 MJ、125 kg CO2当量、0.6 kg SO2当量和0.4 kg PO4当量的潜在影响。；玉米产量1497 MJ、197 kg CO2当量、1 kg SO2当量和0.8 kg PO4当量。；以及小麦产量5863 MJ、632 kg CO2当量、3.3 kg SO2当量和2.4 kg PO4当量。30%的替代方案是观察到的最有效的方案，因为如果需要分配更多的肥料，燃料消耗会增加。在巴西西南部圣保罗州，丰富肥料和投资化石燃料替代将改善集约系统下生产的作物的环境状况。
{"title":"Environmental impacts assessment of maize, soybean, and wheat production in the Southwest of São Paulo state: alternative scenarios for the substitution of chemical fertilization","authors":"Gabriela Giusti, Y. M. Saavedra, G. F. Almeida","doi":"10.13083/reveng.v30i1.13864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v30i1.13864","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral fertilizers are highly impactful in the agricultural sector, and animal manure can be an alternative to mitigate its impacts. The goal of this research was to estimate the potential environmental impacts on the production of soybean, maize, and wheat at the Lagoa do Sino Farm School from the Federal University of Sao Carlos, contemplating the 2016/2017 cropping season and testing the replacement of 100%, 50%, and 30% of chemical fertilization by composted cow manure. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was the methodology used. The functional unit was one ton of each crop produced on farm. Impacts were also assessed for one hectare of production for each agricultural product investigated and the system boundary was a cradle-to-farm gate. Impacts were assessed using the CML 2000 world+ method for abiotic depletion, global warming, acidification, and eutrophication. Chemical fertilization was the main hotspot for all crops produced. Soybean showed a potential impact of 1489 MJ, 125 kg CO2 eq., 0.6 kg SO2 eq., and 0.4 kg PO4 eq.; the production of maize 1497 MJ, 197 kg CO2 eq., 1 kg SO2 eq., and 0.8 kg PO4 eq.; and the production of wheat 5863 MJ, 632 kg CO2 eq., 3.3 kg SO2 eq., and 2.4 kg PO4 eq. The 30% substitution scenario was the most efficient observed since there is an increase in fuel consumption if distribution of larger amounts of manure are needed. Enriching the manure and investing in fossil fuel substitution will improve the environmental profile of the crops produced under intensive systems in the Southwest state of Sao Paulo, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":33461,"journal":{"name":"Engenharia na Agricultura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46158998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-04DOI: 10.13083/reveng.v30i1.13908
J. Oliveira, A. Orrico, R. Pietramale, Carolina Obregão da Rosa, Clandio Favarini Ruviaro, B. Leite, Janaina Freire Machado
This study aims to characterize the waste of weaned piglets and estimate the emissions of N2O in kg of CO2 eq/kg of weight gain in the first week of housing. Primary data were obtained in the first week after weaning of piglets to identify how much waste from this animal category may affect the environment. The life cycle assessment was applied to verify the amount of manure and the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) considering the weight gain (WG) of piglets in the first post-weaning week. Eight waste collections were carried out in two lots representing an average of 8,099 animals with initial and final weight of 5.01 and 5.84 kg, respectively. The production of residues was 0.128 kg of dry matter (DM) for each kilogram of WG produced. This waste production has an emission capacity of approximately 4x10-4 kg N2O/kg WG in the first post-weaning week. Considering that N2O has a global warming potential almost 300 times higher in retaining heat than CO2, each 1 kg of piglet produced can emit about 0.129 kg of CO2 equivalent from the N2O produced. According to the number of piglets evaluated in this study, the total emission can reach 1.85 tons of CO2 equivalent in the first post-weaning week alone.
本研究旨在表征断奶仔猪的排泄物，并估计在饲养的第一周内，以千克二氧化碳当量/千克体重增加为单位的N2O排放量。在仔猪断奶后的第一周获得了初步数据，以确定该动物类别的废物对环境的影响程度。考虑到断奶后第一周仔猪的体重增加（WG），应用生命周期评估来验证粪便的量和一氧化二氮（N2O）的排放。在两个批次中进行了八次废物收集，平均8099只动物，初始和最终重量分别为5.01和5.84公斤。每生产一公斤WG，残留物的产量为0.128公斤干物质（DM）。在断奶后的第一周，这种废物产生的排放能力约为4x10-4 kg N2O/kg WG。考虑到一氧化二氮在保持热量方面的全球变暖潜力几乎是二氧化碳的300倍，每生产1公斤仔猪可从生产的一氧化二氧中排放约0.129公斤二氧化碳当量。根据本研究评估的仔猪数量，仅断奶后第一周的总排放量就可达到1.85吨二氧化碳当量。
{"title":"What is the contribution of piglet waste in the first week after weaning to greenhouse gas emissions?","authors":"J. Oliveira, A. Orrico, R. Pietramale, Carolina Obregão da Rosa, Clandio Favarini Ruviaro, B. Leite, Janaina Freire Machado","doi":"10.13083/reveng.v30i1.13908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v30i1.13908","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to characterize the waste of weaned piglets and estimate the emissions of N2O in kg of CO2 eq/kg of weight gain in the first week of housing. Primary data were obtained in the first week after weaning of piglets to identify how much waste from this animal category may affect the environment. The life cycle assessment was applied to verify the amount of manure and the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) considering the weight gain (WG) of piglets in the first post-weaning week. Eight waste collections were carried out in two lots representing an average of 8,099 animals with initial and final weight of 5.01 and 5.84 kg, respectively. The production of residues was 0.128 kg of dry matter (DM) for each kilogram of WG produced. This waste production has an emission capacity of approximately 4x10-4 kg N2O/kg WG in the first post-weaning week. Considering that N2O has a global warming potential almost 300 times higher in retaining heat than CO2, each 1 kg of piglet produced can emit about 0.129 kg of CO2 equivalent from the N2O produced. According to the number of piglets evaluated in this study, the total emission can reach 1.85 tons of CO2 equivalent in the first post-weaning week alone.","PeriodicalId":33461,"journal":{"name":"Engenharia na Agricultura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45208849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.13083/reveng.v30i1.14028
Laís Ângelo de Abreu, V. Rezende, A. Gameiro, P. Baruselli
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of using technology to reduce the age at first calving (AFC; from 48 to 24 months) and increase the weaning rate (WR; from 60% to 80%) in beef herds. The need for pasture area (hectares) and the CO2 equivalent emissions (CO2eq.) of animals present in the production system were analyzed. Data from a livestock breeding system were used to produce 400 male calves per year: System 1) using reproductive biotechnology (fixed-time artificial insemination [FTAI] and System 2) without the use of reproductive biotechnology (only natural mating). System 1, which used reproductive biotechnology (FTAI; composed of 1,540 AU of animals in 1,540 hectares), presented a lower AFC (24 months), a higher WR (80%), and lower CO2eq. emissions per year (2,311.3 tons). System 2, which did not employ reproductive technology (composed of 2,475 AU [450 kg of animals] on 2,475 hectares), had the highest AFC (48 months) and lowest WR (60%) and emitted 3,714.5 tons of CO2eq. per year. The reduction in CO2eq. emissions per year was 1,403.3 tons in the system that used reproductive biotechnology, corresponding to gains of US$ 135,920.42 (US$ 96.86 per ton of CO2eq.). It is estimated that the adoption of the FTAI increases the reproductive efficiency of a cow-calf operation system, which can produce the same number of male calves (400) on 935 fewer hectares of pasture (-37.3%) and with a reduction of 1,403.3 tons of CO2eq. produced per year.
本研究的目的是评估使用技术降低初产犊龄(AFC;48 ~ 24月龄)，提高断奶率(WR;从60%到80%)。分析了生产系统中对牧场面积(公顷)的需求和动物的二氧化碳当量排放量(CO2eq.)。利用家畜育种系统的数据，每年生产400头雄性小牛:系统1使用生殖生物技术(定时人工授精[FTAI])，系统2不使用生殖生物技术(仅自然交配)。系统1使用生殖生物技术(FTAI);由1540公顷1540 AU的动物组成)，呈现出较低的AFC(24个月)，较高的WR(80%)和较低的co2当量。年排放量(2,311.3吨)。系统2没有采用生殖技术(在2475公顷土地上饲养2475 AU [450 kg动物])，其AFC最高(48个月)，WR最低(60%)，排放了3714.5吨二氧化碳当量。每年。二氧化碳当量的减少。在使用生殖生物技术的系统中，每年的排放量为1,403.3吨，相当于收益135,920.42美元(每吨二氧化碳当量96.86美元)。据估计，采用FTAI提高了母牛-小牛操作系统的繁殖效率，在减少935公顷(-37.3%)的牧场上可以生产相同数量的雄性牛犊(400头)，减少了1,403.3吨二氧化碳当量。每年生产。
{"title":"Effect of reduced age at first calving and an increased weaning rate on CO2 equivalent emissions in a cow-calf system","authors":"Laís Ângelo de Abreu, V. Rezende, A. Gameiro, P. Baruselli","doi":"10.13083/reveng.v30i1.14028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v30i1.14028","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of using technology to reduce the age at first calving (AFC; from 48 to 24 months) and increase the weaning rate (WR; from 60% to 80%) in beef herds. The need for pasture area (hectares) and the CO2 equivalent emissions (CO2eq.) of animals present in the production system were analyzed. Data from a livestock breeding system were used to produce 400 male calves per year: System 1) using reproductive biotechnology (fixed-time artificial insemination [FTAI] and System 2) without the use of reproductive biotechnology (only natural mating). System 1, which used reproductive biotechnology (FTAI; composed of 1,540 AU of animals in 1,540 hectares), presented a lower AFC (24 months), a higher WR (80%), and lower CO2eq. emissions per year (2,311.3 tons). System 2, which did not employ reproductive technology (composed of 2,475 AU [450 kg of animals] on 2,475 hectares), had the highest AFC (48 months) and lowest WR (60%) and emitted 3,714.5 tons of CO2eq. per year. The reduction in CO2eq. emissions per year was 1,403.3 tons in the system that used reproductive biotechnology, corresponding to gains of US$ 135,920.42 (US$ 96.86 per ton of CO2eq.). It is estimated that the adoption of the FTAI increases the reproductive efficiency of a cow-calf operation system, which can produce the same number of male calves (400) on 935 fewer hectares of pasture (-37.3%) and with a reduction of 1,403.3 tons of CO2eq. produced per year.","PeriodicalId":33461,"journal":{"name":"Engenharia na Agricultura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47796277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.13083/reveng.v30i1.13936
D. C. Marin, Lívia Mendes Mendoza, Romário Pereira de Carvalho Júnior, S. I. Maintinguer
Dairy industry is a prominent sector of the agro-industry with global production of 906 million tonnes of milk. Several dairy products are wasted due their high perishability. Anaerobic digestion is a sustainable alternative for reducing this waste aiming biogas production. This study evaluated the co-digestion of expired dairy products (EDP) with synthetic sewage from two assays using two types of dairy waste, separately: Assay I (EDP mixture of 80% of milk + 15% of yogurt + 5% of milk cream) and Assay II (industrial raw mixture of EDP). Both assays were composed of 20 g COD L-1 (Chemical Oxygen Demand per Liter) using anaerobic batch reactors (1.0 L) assembled in duplicates with 0.5 L headspace (N2) and working volume of 0.5 L with initial pH 8.2, at 37 °C, in a static mode. The cumulative CH4 productions were 2722.5 NmL in 31 days of operation (Assay I) and 3140.0 NmL in 25 days of operation (Assay II). Equivalent CH4 yields were obtained for the both assays with ~330 NmLCH4 g CODrem-1. Carbohydrates and COD removals were 96.8% and 98.0%; 87.3% and 89.4%, respectively. The co-digestion of EDP with sewage was effective to CH4 production with efficient organic matter removal. These results encourage new strategies for reuse of expired dairy products by the use of anaerobic digestion.
{"title":"Reuse of expired dairy products and sewage in the production of biogas by anaerobic digestion","authors":"D. C. Marin, Lívia Mendes Mendoza, Romário Pereira de Carvalho Júnior, S. I. Maintinguer","doi":"10.13083/reveng.v30i1.13936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v30i1.13936","url":null,"abstract":"Dairy industry is a prominent sector of the agro-industry with global production of 906 million tonnes of milk. Several dairy products are wasted due their high perishability. Anaerobic digestion is a sustainable alternative for reducing this waste aiming biogas production. This study evaluated the co-digestion of expired dairy products (EDP) with synthetic sewage from two assays using two types of dairy waste, separately: Assay I (EDP mixture of 80% of milk + 15% of yogurt + 5% of milk cream) and Assay II (industrial raw mixture of EDP). Both assays were composed of 20 g COD L-1 (Chemical Oxygen Demand per Liter) using anaerobic batch reactors (1.0 L) assembled in duplicates with 0.5 L headspace (N2) and working volume of 0.5 L with initial pH 8.2, at 37 °C, in a static mode. The cumulative CH4 productions were 2722.5 NmL in 31 days of operation (Assay I) and 3140.0 NmL in 25 days of operation (Assay II). Equivalent CH4 yields were obtained for the both assays with ~330 NmLCH4 g CODrem-1. Carbohydrates and COD removals were 96.8% and 98.0%; 87.3% and 89.4%, respectively. The co-digestion of EDP with sewage was effective to CH4 production with efficient organic matter removal. These results encourage new strategies for reuse of expired dairy products by the use of anaerobic digestion.","PeriodicalId":33461,"journal":{"name":"Engenharia na Agricultura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44600094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.13083/reveng.v30i1.14115
Mateus Cassol Cella, Valmir Werner, Catize Brandelero, G. M. Bertollo, Edvaldo Faour Coutinho da Silva, J. Schlosser, Thomas Newton Martin
The use of side brushcutters exposes users to vibration and noise, which can cause damage to the operator, as they act as a stressor agent. Excessive vibration is responsible for countless disorders, including Raynaud’s syndrome. This study aimed to assess the effect of the vibrations of a side brush cutter on the human body. A side brush cutter was used with three cutting implements (double blade, triple blade and double nylon thread) applied to two crops (wheat and ryegrass). The vibration was measured through a three-dimensional accelerometer placed on the handgrips of the brush cutter, in compliance with the provisions of the ISO 5349-1 Standard. The analyzed variables were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk and Bartlett tests. Due to the abnormality, the data were transformed by the Neperian logarithm and submitted to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. As a result, the orthogonal y-axis presented a higher vibration level; the three-point blade showed the lowest vibration level compared to the other cutting implements for both crops; these vibration levels did not exceed the NHO10 recommendation. Hence, using the appropriate attachment for each operation may reduce the harm caused by vibration to the operator’s body.
{"title":"Hand-arm vibration while operating a side brush cutter with three cutting implements in two crops","authors":"Mateus Cassol Cella, Valmir Werner, Catize Brandelero, G. M. Bertollo, Edvaldo Faour Coutinho da Silva, J. Schlosser, Thomas Newton Martin","doi":"10.13083/reveng.v30i1.14115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v30i1.14115","url":null,"abstract":"The use of side brushcutters exposes users to vibration and noise, which can cause damage to the operator, as they act as a stressor agent. Excessive vibration is responsible for countless disorders, including Raynaud’s syndrome. This study aimed to assess the effect of the vibrations of a side brush cutter on the human body. A side brush cutter was used with three cutting implements (double blade, triple blade and double nylon thread) applied to two crops (wheat and ryegrass). The vibration was measured through a three-dimensional accelerometer placed on the handgrips of the brush cutter, in compliance with the provisions of the ISO 5349-1 Standard. The analyzed variables were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk and Bartlett tests. Due to the abnormality, the data were transformed by the Neperian logarithm and submitted to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. As a result, the orthogonal y-axis presented a higher vibration level; the three-point blade showed the lowest vibration level compared to the other cutting implements for both crops; these vibration levels did not exceed the NHO10 recommendation. Hence, using the appropriate attachment for each operation may reduce the harm caused by vibration to the operator’s body.","PeriodicalId":33461,"journal":{"name":"Engenharia na Agricultura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44221302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.13083/reveng.v30i1.14048
Jessé Alves Batista, Felippe Augusto Santos Oliveira, Mauricio Eduardo Silva Folador, Javier Zeballos Ruiz Junior, Gustavo Barbosa de Moura Batista, Tatiane Carla Silva, R. Montanari
The sampling grid density for georeferenced soil collection must be large enough to allow the identification of the spatial dependence of attributes with representative accuracy of the cultivated area, but not large enough to make fertility mapping unfeasible. The objective of this study was to define, from the evaluation of geostatistical parameters obtained from a super dense soil sampling, an efficient grid for detecting the spatial dependence of potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+) in a sandy soil. The experiment was conducted in a 3.2 hectare annatto crop (Bixa orellana L.), in 2017. The geostatistical grid consisted of 31 points per hectare, totaling 101 georeferenced points in an 18x18 m spacing. Soil was sampled at the depths of 0-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m. A strong spatial dependence was found for all soil attributes in both depths, while the semivariograms fitted to the spherical model with good coefficients of determination (R²) indicating a spatial correlation between the attributes. The range of spatial dependence was close to 100 m for all attributes in both layers. In sandy soils, an efficient sampling grid to detect the spatial dependence of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ must consider a semivariogram range of approximately 100 meters.
{"title":"Sampling density to detect spatial dependence of potassium, calcium and magnesium in sandy soils","authors":"Jessé Alves Batista, Felippe Augusto Santos Oliveira, Mauricio Eduardo Silva Folador, Javier Zeballos Ruiz Junior, Gustavo Barbosa de Moura Batista, Tatiane Carla Silva, R. Montanari","doi":"10.13083/reveng.v30i1.14048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v30i1.14048","url":null,"abstract":"The sampling grid density for georeferenced soil collection must be large enough to allow the identification of the spatial dependence of attributes with representative accuracy of the cultivated area, but not large enough to make fertility mapping unfeasible. The objective of this study was to define, from the evaluation of geostatistical parameters obtained from a super dense soil sampling, an efficient grid for detecting the spatial dependence of potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+) in a sandy soil. The experiment was conducted in a 3.2 hectare annatto crop (Bixa orellana L.), in 2017. The geostatistical grid consisted of 31 points per hectare, totaling 101 georeferenced points in an 18x18 m spacing. Soil was sampled at the depths of 0-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m. A strong spatial dependence was found for all soil attributes in both depths, while the semivariograms fitted to the spherical model with good coefficients of determination (R²) indicating a spatial correlation between the attributes. The range of spatial dependence was close to 100 m for all attributes in both layers. In sandy soils, an efficient sampling grid to detect the spatial dependence of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ must consider a semivariogram range of approximately 100 meters.","PeriodicalId":33461,"journal":{"name":"Engenharia na Agricultura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43295602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-23DOI: 10.13083/reveng.v30i1.14026
G. S. Wenneck, R. Saath, Guilherme Soares Wenneck, Gustavo Lopes Pereira, Vinícius Villa e Vila, Luis Henrique Brambilla Alves
The monitoring of grain and seeds characteristics is fundamental to maintain postharvest quality. Grain mass changes through CO2 levels monitoring can reduce the product deterioration by anticipating actions to maintain the grain mass quality. This study aimed to develop a CO2 monitoring system in stored grains/seeds and to analyze its efficiency. The analysis was performed in four crop species (brachiaria, sunflower, corn, and soybean) with different water content and sanity condition. The system hardware was composed of a controller micro board, CO2 sensor and data stored module. The system routine was developed in C++ language. The monitoring of CO2 and flammable gases was performed for system analysis and verification. The system monitoring developed showed efficiency in CO2 levels determination in stored grains/seeds and low-cost, being a viable and applicable tool aiming to the maintenance of postharvest quality.
{"title":"CO2 monitoring system for storage of grains and seeds","authors":"G. S. Wenneck, R. Saath, Guilherme Soares Wenneck, Gustavo Lopes Pereira, Vinícius Villa e Vila, Luis Henrique Brambilla Alves","doi":"10.13083/reveng.v30i1.14026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v30i1.14026","url":null,"abstract":"The monitoring of grain and seeds characteristics is fundamental to maintain postharvest quality. Grain mass changes through CO2 levels monitoring can reduce the product deterioration by anticipating actions to maintain the grain mass quality. This study aimed to develop a CO2 monitoring system in stored grains/seeds and to analyze its efficiency. The analysis was performed in four crop species (brachiaria, sunflower, corn, and soybean) with different water content and sanity condition. The system hardware was composed of a controller micro board, CO2 sensor and data stored module. The system routine was developed in C++ language. The monitoring of CO2 and flammable gases was performed for system analysis and verification. The system monitoring developed showed efficiency in CO2 levels determination in stored grains/seeds and low-cost, being a viable and applicable tool aiming to the maintenance of postharvest quality.","PeriodicalId":33461,"journal":{"name":"Engenharia na Agricultura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43517011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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