This paper presents a low voltage, low power CMOS OTA that can be used in high frequency applications. The basic topology using differential input single output OTA is simulated in TSMC 90nm CMOS process technology. The simulation results indicate high bandwidth, greater than 10GHz with 0.721mW power consumption and the transconductance of -69.78dB. The total harmonic distortion for 100mV input at a frequency of 1MHz is found to be 1.54%. The detailed parametric analysis of the OTA is covered in this paper. The comparative analysis of designed OTA at three different process technologies is also presented.
{"title":"A Low Voltage Wideband CMOS Operational Transconductance Amplifier for VHF Applications","authors":"D. Dahigaonkar, D. Wakde, A. Khare","doi":"10.1109/ICESC.2014.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESC.2014.95","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a low voltage, low power CMOS OTA that can be used in high frequency applications. The basic topology using differential input single output OTA is simulated in TSMC 90nm CMOS process technology. The simulation results indicate high bandwidth, greater than 10GHz with 0.721mW power consumption and the transconductance of -69.78dB. The total harmonic distortion for 100mV input at a frequency of 1MHz is found to be 1.54%. The detailed parametric analysis of the OTA is covered in this paper. The comparative analysis of designed OTA at three different process technologies is also presented.","PeriodicalId":335267,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electronic Systems, Signal Processing and Computing Technologies","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127105510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays every things is becoming online, so human tendency has changed, they try to do every things from home using Internet. Election is also becoming online. But if we make voting system online the security is major concern. In our web based Internet voting system we are proving security to vote when it is travelling from voting client to voting server. Our main tool is the concept of multiple encryption and decryption.
{"title":"A Secure Approach for Web Based Internet Voting System Using Multiple Encryption","authors":"S. Jambhulkar, Jagdish Chakole, P. Pardhi","doi":"10.1109/ICESC.2014.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESC.2014.70","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays every things is becoming online, so human tendency has changed, they try to do every things from home using Internet. Election is also becoming online. But if we make voting system online the security is major concern. In our web based Internet voting system we are proving security to vote when it is travelling from voting client to voting server. Our main tool is the concept of multiple encryption and decryption.","PeriodicalId":335267,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electronic Systems, Signal Processing and Computing Technologies","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123741549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sayan Chakraborty, Prasenjit Maji, A. Pal, D. Biswas, N. Dey
In this present work, we propose a new reversible color image watermarking technique, using trigonometric functions. The proposed method embeds secret bits into the gray planes of color image, using interpolation method and few trigonometric functions. Experimental results presented in this paper shows that the watermark can be successfully embedded and extracted from an image, without distorting the original image using the proposed technique. The high Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) values claims the robustness of the proposed method.
{"title":"Reversible Color Image Watermarking Using Trigonometric Functions","authors":"Sayan Chakraborty, Prasenjit Maji, A. Pal, D. Biswas, N. Dey","doi":"10.1109/ICESC.2014.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESC.2014.23","url":null,"abstract":"In this present work, we propose a new reversible color image watermarking technique, using trigonometric functions. The proposed method embeds secret bits into the gray planes of color image, using interpolation method and few trigonometric functions. Experimental results presented in this paper shows that the watermark can be successfully embedded and extracted from an image, without distorting the original image using the proposed technique. The high Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) values claims the robustness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":335267,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electronic Systems, Signal Processing and Computing Technologies","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128278353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present scenario, there are substantial amount of application where mobile wireless sensor network (MWSN) would be better choice over the static wireless sensor network. The very nature of the MWSN environment requires sensor nodes to interact opportunistically to address a common goal. Coverage is one of those areas where MWSN provides better solution. Coverage in static WSN depends on the initial deployment strategy. Most of the recent works in MWSN propose re-deployment strategy with the help of mobile nodes. In MWSN, the mobility of sensor nodes can be utilized to enhance the coverage of the network. One of the fundamental problems of MWSN is how to coordinate these mobile sensors in such a way that they can move together to accomplish the given task. Here, we study a generalized case of this problem. In this paper, we present a coordination based motion control (CBMC) scheme where all mobile nodes form a cooperative group such that they cover an area by exchanging some key information between themselves. The proposed scheme has two objectives: (i) each sensor node travels a minimum distance, (ii) minimum overlap in the coverage path of sensor nodes. NS-3 simulation shows the effectiveness of CBMC scheme. The proposed scheme is compared with random way-point mobility model (RWP) and three other variants of RWP.
{"title":"Coordination Based Motion Control in Mobile Wireless Sensor Network","authors":"Tathagata Das, Sarbani Roy","doi":"10.1109/ICESC.2014.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESC.2014.45","url":null,"abstract":"In the present scenario, there are substantial amount of application where mobile wireless sensor network (MWSN) would be better choice over the static wireless sensor network. The very nature of the MWSN environment requires sensor nodes to interact opportunistically to address a common goal. Coverage is one of those areas where MWSN provides better solution. Coverage in static WSN depends on the initial deployment strategy. Most of the recent works in MWSN propose re-deployment strategy with the help of mobile nodes. In MWSN, the mobility of sensor nodes can be utilized to enhance the coverage of the network. One of the fundamental problems of MWSN is how to coordinate these mobile sensors in such a way that they can move together to accomplish the given task. Here, we study a generalized case of this problem. In this paper, we present a coordination based motion control (CBMC) scheme where all mobile nodes form a cooperative group such that they cover an area by exchanging some key information between themselves. The proposed scheme has two objectives: (i) each sensor node travels a minimum distance, (ii) minimum overlap in the coverage path of sensor nodes. NS-3 simulation shows the effectiveness of CBMC scheme. The proposed scheme is compared with random way-point mobility model (RWP) and three other variants of RWP.","PeriodicalId":335267,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electronic Systems, Signal Processing and Computing Technologies","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114325086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Image transforms are extensively used in image processing and image analysis. Transform is basically a mathematical tool, which allows us to move from one domain to another domain. Transforms play a significant role in various image processing applications such as image analysis, image enhancement, image filtering and image compression. Nowadays, almost all digital images are stored in compressed format in order to save the computational cost and memory. To save the memory cost, all the image processing techniques like feature extraction, image indexing and watermarking techniques are applied in the compressed domain itself rather than in spatial domain. In this paper, for compression purpose, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is used because it has excellent energy compaction. The new approach devised in this paper is, if we will be able to find the relationship between the coefficients of a block to all of its sub-blocks in the DCT domain itself, without decompressing it so that time to extract global features in compressed domain for general image processing tasks will gets minimized. In this paper, composition of a block is obtained from all of its sub-blocks and vice versa directly in DCT domain also it is shown that the result of both operations are same. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is lower than that of the existing ones.
{"title":"Conversion of Region of Interest from One Block Size to Another in Compressed Domain","authors":"V. Choudhary, Preeti S. Voditel, Pratik Hazare","doi":"10.1109/ICESC.2014.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESC.2014.86","url":null,"abstract":"Image transforms are extensively used in image processing and image analysis. Transform is basically a mathematical tool, which allows us to move from one domain to another domain. Transforms play a significant role in various image processing applications such as image analysis, image enhancement, image filtering and image compression. Nowadays, almost all digital images are stored in compressed format in order to save the computational cost and memory. To save the memory cost, all the image processing techniques like feature extraction, image indexing and watermarking techniques are applied in the compressed domain itself rather than in spatial domain. In this paper, for compression purpose, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is used because it has excellent energy compaction. The new approach devised in this paper is, if we will be able to find the relationship between the coefficients of a block to all of its sub-blocks in the DCT domain itself, without decompressing it so that time to extract global features in compressed domain for general image processing tasks will gets minimized. In this paper, composition of a block is obtained from all of its sub-blocks and vice versa directly in DCT domain also it is shown that the result of both operations are same. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is lower than that of the existing ones.","PeriodicalId":335267,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electronic Systems, Signal Processing and Computing Technologies","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116474866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast Cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in women. Breast cancer can be treated effectively only if it is detected at earlier stage. Mammography is recognized as the standard method for diagnosing breast cancer, Infrared Thermography based cancer diagnosis is able to detect cancer in its early stage of development and progression, thus survival is possible. Clinical interpretation of breast thermo grams is primarily based on the asymmetry analysis of the heat patterns visually and subjectively. In this paper an approach for segmentation of region of interest and asymmetry analysis of breast thermo grams is implemented. Asymmetry analysis is performed according to the extracted features based on temperature distribution. The abnormality of breast thermo grams is clearly indicated by these features and by comparison of the results with doctor's diagnosis. Thus Infrared Thermography is a physiological test and is sensitive to physiological changes that are precancerous alarms that may lead to tumor and is proved to be an effective, adjunct and diagnostic tool in Breast Abnormality Detection.
{"title":"Automatic Diagnosis of Breast Abnormality Using Digital IR Camera","authors":"A. Wakankar, G. Suresh, Akshata Ghugare","doi":"10.1109/ICESC.2014.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESC.2014.30","url":null,"abstract":"Breast Cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in women. Breast cancer can be treated effectively only if it is detected at earlier stage. Mammography is recognized as the standard method for diagnosing breast cancer, Infrared Thermography based cancer diagnosis is able to detect cancer in its early stage of development and progression, thus survival is possible. Clinical interpretation of breast thermo grams is primarily based on the asymmetry analysis of the heat patterns visually and subjectively. In this paper an approach for segmentation of region of interest and asymmetry analysis of breast thermo grams is implemented. Asymmetry analysis is performed according to the extracted features based on temperature distribution. The abnormality of breast thermo grams is clearly indicated by these features and by comparison of the results with doctor's diagnosis. Thus Infrared Thermography is a physiological test and is sensitive to physiological changes that are precancerous alarms that may lead to tumor and is proved to be an effective, adjunct and diagnostic tool in Breast Abnormality Detection.","PeriodicalId":335267,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electronic Systems, Signal Processing and Computing Technologies","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129407431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a new image processing filter is proposed. In order to construct this image smoothing filter, one dimensional discrete Fourier invariant signal generated by an iterative design principle based on gradient descent method is used. The filter shape and values in spatial and frequency domain is almost the same. The proposed filter can be used as a kernel matrix in image processing to perform blurring as well as high frequency noise suppression. Also it can be used as an optimal two dimensional window for spatial-frequency spectral analysis of images.
{"title":"A Novel Image Processing Filter Designed Using Discrete Fourier Invariant Signal","authors":"Roshni Ravi, M. J. Josemartin","doi":"10.1109/ICESC.2014.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESC.2014.88","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new image processing filter is proposed. In order to construct this image smoothing filter, one dimensional discrete Fourier invariant signal generated by an iterative design principle based on gradient descent method is used. The filter shape and values in spatial and frequency domain is almost the same. The proposed filter can be used as a kernel matrix in image processing to perform blurring as well as high frequency noise suppression. Also it can be used as an optimal two dimensional window for spatial-frequency spectral analysis of images.","PeriodicalId":335267,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electronic Systems, Signal Processing and Computing Technologies","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114520390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A simple new phase frequency detector and integrated Dickson Charge pump design with charge transfer switches (CTS's) are presented in this paper. The proposed Phase-Frequency Detector (PFD) and Charge-Pump are useful for low voltage, high frequency Phase-Looked-loops (PLL). This brief analyzes the blind zone in latch-based PFDs and proposes a technique that removes the blind zone caused by the precharge time of the internal nodes. With the proposed technique, the PFD achieves a small dead zone. The experimental results shows that the proposed PFD has minimal dead zone compared with the conventional PFD and CTS based Dickson charge pump is the best structure for integration. The PFD and Charge Pump are designed and simulated on Tanner 13.0V tool and has been simulated in a 0.18μm CMOS technology.
{"title":"Design of Phase Frequency Detector and Charge Pump for Low Voltage High Frequency PLL","authors":"A. Kailuke, Pankaj Agrawal, R. Kshirsagar","doi":"10.1109/ICESC.2014.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESC.2014.21","url":null,"abstract":"A simple new phase frequency detector and integrated Dickson Charge pump design with charge transfer switches (CTS's) are presented in this paper. The proposed Phase-Frequency Detector (PFD) and Charge-Pump are useful for low voltage, high frequency Phase-Looked-loops (PLL). This brief analyzes the blind zone in latch-based PFDs and proposes a technique that removes the blind zone caused by the precharge time of the internal nodes. With the proposed technique, the PFD achieves a small dead zone. The experimental results shows that the proposed PFD has minimal dead zone compared with the conventional PFD and CTS based Dickson charge pump is the best structure for integration. The PFD and Charge Pump are designed and simulated on Tanner 13.0V tool and has been simulated in a 0.18μm CMOS technology.","PeriodicalId":335267,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electronic Systems, Signal Processing and Computing Technologies","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117169518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems have become the integral part of today's modern wireless communication system. The major problem observed in cellular structure is to provide the proper service to the users at the boundary of the cell. To increase the capacity of cell, it is essential to put the multiple antenna systems at the base station and even at user equipments. Space-time block codes are a remarkable modulation scheme discovered recently for the multiple antenna wireless channels. Multiple transmit and receive antennas can be used in wireless systems to achieve high data rate communication. Recently, efficient space-time codes have been developed that utilize a large portion of the available capacity. These codes are designed under the assumption that the transmitter has no knowledge about the channel. Multi-antenna systems can be used for increased capacity or for increasing diversity order, but the cost paid for deriving these benefits is increased hardware complexity due to multiple antennas and the number of RF (Radio Frequency) chains. This paper focuses on to implement the MIMO system in cellular structure at both base station and user equipment in order to boost the overall capacity of the system. It is seen that the capacity of the system increases with increase in number of antennas at the BTS end.
{"title":"Performance of Space-Time Block Coded MIMO Systems for Cell Edge Users in Rayleigh Fading Channel","authors":"Nirmal S. Kothari, Vijay S. Patil","doi":"10.1109/ICESC.2014.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESC.2014.87","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems have become the integral part of today's modern wireless communication system. The major problem observed in cellular structure is to provide the proper service to the users at the boundary of the cell. To increase the capacity of cell, it is essential to put the multiple antenna systems at the base station and even at user equipments. Space-time block codes are a remarkable modulation scheme discovered recently for the multiple antenna wireless channels. Multiple transmit and receive antennas can be used in wireless systems to achieve high data rate communication. Recently, efficient space-time codes have been developed that utilize a large portion of the available capacity. These codes are designed under the assumption that the transmitter has no knowledge about the channel. Multi-antenna systems can be used for increased capacity or for increasing diversity order, but the cost paid for deriving these benefits is increased hardware complexity due to multiple antennas and the number of RF (Radio Frequency) chains. This paper focuses on to implement the MIMO system in cellular structure at both base station and user equipment in order to boost the overall capacity of the system. It is seen that the capacity of the system increases with increase in number of antennas at the BTS end.","PeriodicalId":335267,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electronic Systems, Signal Processing and Computing Technologies","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128242100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The field of Computer Science has been solving issues related to the domains of data, information, knowledge and intelligence, obviously in a chronological manner. Among these the issue of Symbol Recognition has received lot of attention. The procedure of analyzing and recognizing symbols involves various stages. A number of algorithms have been devised and implemented for the purpose of symbol recognition but usually focus on complex features and properties. In this paper, we propose a cognitive model for the recognition of offline machine drawn symbols which uses minimal amount of data. The algorithm proposed is independent of the size/slant of the symbol.
{"title":"Symbol Recognition: Cognitive Approach","authors":"Rumaan Bashir, K. Giri","doi":"10.1109/ICESC.2014.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESC.2014.59","url":null,"abstract":"The field of Computer Science has been solving issues related to the domains of data, information, knowledge and intelligence, obviously in a chronological manner. Among these the issue of Symbol Recognition has received lot of attention. The procedure of analyzing and recognizing symbols involves various stages. A number of algorithms have been devised and implemented for the purpose of symbol recognition but usually focus on complex features and properties. In this paper, we propose a cognitive model for the recognition of offline machine drawn symbols which uses minimal amount of data. The algorithm proposed is independent of the size/slant of the symbol.","PeriodicalId":335267,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electronic Systems, Signal Processing and Computing Technologies","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127186814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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