Karolina Studzińska, Rafał Studnicki, Tomasz Adamczewski, R. Hansdorfer-Korzon
Abstract Frailty syndrome is defined as a progressive state of reducing the body’s physiological reserves with age and is characterized by an increased susceptibility to sudden, disproportionate deterioration in functioning, after which it is impossible to return to previous fitness and independence. The typical clinical symptoms of this syndrome include generalized weakness, decreased strength and muscle mass, deterioration of exertion tolerance, slowing of movement, loss of balance, deterioration of cognitive functions, weight loss or malnutrition. Frailty syndrome worsens the prognosis for seniors, increases the risk of reduced physical and/or mental performance, dependence on others, may cause hospitalization, lead to postoperative complications, social withdrawal, and ultimately premature death. Among the most important interventions in the prevention and treatment of frailty syndrome is regular and thoughtfully planned physical activity. The incidence of frailty syndrome increases with age – it affects from 2%–5% of respondents aged 18–34, and in people over 65, it ranges from 4%–59%. Based on research conducted in Poland, it is estimated that frailty syndrome affects 6.7% of the elderly, including 30% of people aged 75–80 and 50% of people over 80 years of age. Most often, frailty is diagnosed based on an interview and physical examination. An important issue in its identification is the lack of unambiguous diagnostic criteria for evaluating the syndrome. The most common tool for evaluating the frailty syndrome in the context of physical limitations are the criteria developed by Linda Fried, introduced and described based on the analysis of the Cardiovascular Health Study clinical trials.
{"title":"Criteria for Diagnosis and Evaluation of Frailty Syndrome","authors":"Karolina Studzińska, Rafał Studnicki, Tomasz Adamczewski, R. Hansdorfer-Korzon","doi":"10.36145/jhsm2021.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36145/jhsm2021.13","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Frailty syndrome is defined as a progressive state of reducing the body’s physiological reserves with age and is characterized by an increased susceptibility to sudden, disproportionate deterioration in functioning, after which it is impossible to return to previous fitness and independence. The typical clinical symptoms of this syndrome include generalized weakness, decreased strength and muscle mass, deterioration of exertion tolerance, slowing of movement, loss of balance, deterioration of cognitive functions, weight loss or malnutrition. Frailty syndrome worsens the prognosis for seniors, increases the risk of reduced physical and/or mental performance, dependence on others, may cause hospitalization, lead to postoperative complications, social withdrawal, and ultimately premature death. Among the most important interventions in the prevention and treatment of frailty syndrome is regular and thoughtfully planned physical activity. The incidence of frailty syndrome increases with age – it affects from 2%–5% of respondents aged 18–34, and in people over 65, it ranges from 4%–59%. Based on research conducted in Poland, it is estimated that frailty syndrome affects 6.7% of the elderly, including 30% of people aged 75–80 and 50% of people over 80 years of age. Most often, frailty is diagnosed based on an interview and physical examination. An important issue in its identification is the lack of unambiguous diagnostic criteria for evaluating the syndrome. The most common tool for evaluating the frailty syndrome in the context of physical limitations are the criteria developed by Linda Fried, introduced and described based on the analysis of the Cardiovascular Health Study clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":335287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Study and Medicine","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122581905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background Ever since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stuck health care systems in many countries have been seriously burdened. Simultaneously, thousands of medical students across Europe have volunteered to support the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives The paper aims to analyse the motivations for the volunteering among future healthcare professionals in times of a coronavirus outbreak. Material and methods The study was conducted among 311 students of Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland, who answered questions regarding the reasons they became involved in voluntary service during the pandemic. Answers were used to categorize respondents’ motivations for their voluntary service in different functions. Results While four functions served by volunteering during the coronavirus pandemic have been identified: values, enhancement, career and social, students were mainly motivated by altruistic reasons: the ideal of doing good, helping others and giving something back to the community. Moreover, many believed that as future health professionals it was their duty to engage, whatever the risk. Gender and religiosity were the key factors conditioning students’ motivations. Conclusions While volunteering has served many purposes during the coronavirus pandemic, value-based motivations were the primary force behind students’ engagement. At the same time, students’ religiosity seems the key factor that determined their motivations.
{"title":"Motivations for Volunteering among Future Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Case Study from Poland","authors":"J. Domaradzki, D. Walkowiak","doi":"10.36145/jhsm2021.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36145/jhsm2021.15","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Ever since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stuck health care systems in many countries have been seriously burdened. Simultaneously, thousands of medical students across Europe have volunteered to support the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives The paper aims to analyse the motivations for the volunteering among future healthcare professionals in times of a coronavirus outbreak. Material and methods The study was conducted among 311 students of Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland, who answered questions regarding the reasons they became involved in voluntary service during the pandemic. Answers were used to categorize respondents’ motivations for their voluntary service in different functions. Results While four functions served by volunteering during the coronavirus pandemic have been identified: values, enhancement, career and social, students were mainly motivated by altruistic reasons: the ideal of doing good, helping others and giving something back to the community. Moreover, many believed that as future health professionals it was their duty to engage, whatever the risk. Gender and religiosity were the key factors conditioning students’ motivations. Conclusions While volunteering has served many purposes during the coronavirus pandemic, value-based motivations were the primary force behind students’ engagement. At the same time, students’ religiosity seems the key factor that determined their motivations.","PeriodicalId":335287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Study and Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128783656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katarzyna Joanna Gąsior, Aleksandra Hincz, M. Cichoń, Paweł Kapszewicz, Elżbieta Sałacińska-Łoś, M. Orzechowska, K. Taran
Abstract Background Colorectal cancer is one of the most important problems that medicine has to face nowadays. Despite the development of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies in oncology, it still takes the leading position regarding cancer related deaths, which proves the presence of undiscovered part of its biology. Therefore, is justified to search for new biomarkers to determine better colorectal cancer biology. Sexdetermining region Y-related (SRY) high-mobility group box 4 (SOX4) is currently highly investigated protein which expression was identified in many pathological processes, including malignancies with the highest mortality rates and which seems to be a promising marker related to cancer progression. Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate SOX4 expression level in colorectal cancer cells and search for its potential relation to the established prognostic parameters for more individual approach in cancer disease. Material and methods Immunohistochemical evaluation of the SOX4 protein expression in colorectal cancer cells supported by statistical analysis of the relation to tumour stage, grade, and presence of lymph node metastases, as well as chosen histoclinical features. Results Obtain results showed for the first time complex expression of SOX4 in colorectal cancer. There were revealed differences of SOX4 immunoexpression regarding tumour grade, lymph node status, and tumour ulceration, as well as potential relation between SOX4 expression and patients’ age and sex and grade 1 histological malignancy of the tumour. Conclusions Obtained results support the role of the SOX4 in colorectal cancer biology and for the first time indicate the relation with the established prognostic factors: tumour grade and lymph node status. The findings revealed in presented studies alight SOX4 expression as a promising parameter for colorectal cancer more individual approach with prospective clinical impact.
{"title":"Sex-determining Region Y-related (SRY) High-mobility Group Box 4 (SOX4) Immunoexpression in Colorectal Cancer as an Unappreciated Parameter for More Individual Approach in Cancer Disease – A Preliminary Study","authors":"Katarzyna Joanna Gąsior, Aleksandra Hincz, M. Cichoń, Paweł Kapszewicz, Elżbieta Sałacińska-Łoś, M. Orzechowska, K. Taran","doi":"10.36145/jhsm2021.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36145/jhsm2021.14","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Colorectal cancer is one of the most important problems that medicine has to face nowadays. Despite the development of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies in oncology, it still takes the leading position regarding cancer related deaths, which proves the presence of undiscovered part of its biology. Therefore, is justified to search for new biomarkers to determine better colorectal cancer biology. Sexdetermining region Y-related (SRY) high-mobility group box 4 (SOX4) is currently highly investigated protein which expression was identified in many pathological processes, including malignancies with the highest mortality rates and which seems to be a promising marker related to cancer progression. Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate SOX4 expression level in colorectal cancer cells and search for its potential relation to the established prognostic parameters for more individual approach in cancer disease. Material and methods Immunohistochemical evaluation of the SOX4 protein expression in colorectal cancer cells supported by statistical analysis of the relation to tumour stage, grade, and presence of lymph node metastases, as well as chosen histoclinical features. Results Obtain results showed for the first time complex expression of SOX4 in colorectal cancer. There were revealed differences of SOX4 immunoexpression regarding tumour grade, lymph node status, and tumour ulceration, as well as potential relation between SOX4 expression and patients’ age and sex and grade 1 histological malignancy of the tumour. Conclusions Obtained results support the role of the SOX4 in colorectal cancer biology and for the first time indicate the relation with the established prognostic factors: tumour grade and lymph node status. The findings revealed in presented studies alight SOX4 expression as a promising parameter for colorectal cancer more individual approach with prospective clinical impact.","PeriodicalId":335287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Study and Medicine","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114185886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background The prevalence of latex allergy in the population of healthcare workers is higher than in the general population. In the last decade, the use of powder gloves has been reduced or banned due to the risk of developing adverse effects and diseases to individuals exposed to them. Latex gloves are used on a daily basis in Croatian hospitals. Powdered latex gloves are still in everyday use in Croatia. Objectives The aim of this cross-sectional study was to do screening among healthcare professionals for hand diseases after wearing gloves, and to test a positive correlation between symptoms on the hands and work in the hospital. Subjects and methods The data were collected by the self-assessment questionnaire The Latex Allergy Screening Questionnaire. The participants were healthcare workers who regularly use latex gloves in hospitals. Results The study included 455 healthcare workers: 361 nurses, 71 physicians, and 23 other healthcare workers. The most often symptoms of dermatitis occur in workers who use gloves for more than three hours a day, with the highest frequency in the group wearing gloves between 3 and 5 hours a day. Contact dermatitis develops more significantly in the participants who wear gloves more than 5 hours a day (P=0.001). Of all participants, after latex glove use, 45.05% had various symptoms on the skin of the hand related to gloves use and 18% reported contact urticaria after contact with latex gloves. Most of them (89.8%) who suffered from various symptoms related to gloves, did not have any symptoms when they were on holiday or sick leave. Conclusion Nearly half of the participants have some problems with the skin after wearing latex gloves. Most participants have had those symptoms withdrawn when they took a sick leave or a vacation. The ban on powdered gloves should be considered as a preventive measure.
{"title":"The Use of Latex Powdered Gloves in Health Care and Skin Problems on the Hands: A Pilot Study in Croatian Hospitals","authors":"Hana Knežević Krajina, Bojana Knezevic","doi":"10.36145/jhsm2021.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36145/jhsm2021.17","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The prevalence of latex allergy in the population of healthcare workers is higher than in the general population. In the last decade, the use of powder gloves has been reduced or banned due to the risk of developing adverse effects and diseases to individuals exposed to them. Latex gloves are used on a daily basis in Croatian hospitals. Powdered latex gloves are still in everyday use in Croatia. Objectives The aim of this cross-sectional study was to do screening among healthcare professionals for hand diseases after wearing gloves, and to test a positive correlation between symptoms on the hands and work in the hospital. Subjects and methods The data were collected by the self-assessment questionnaire The Latex Allergy Screening Questionnaire. The participants were healthcare workers who regularly use latex gloves in hospitals. Results The study included 455 healthcare workers: 361 nurses, 71 physicians, and 23 other healthcare workers. The most often symptoms of dermatitis occur in workers who use gloves for more than three hours a day, with the highest frequency in the group wearing gloves between 3 and 5 hours a day. Contact dermatitis develops more significantly in the participants who wear gloves more than 5 hours a day (P=0.001). Of all participants, after latex glove use, 45.05% had various symptoms on the skin of the hand related to gloves use and 18% reported contact urticaria after contact with latex gloves. Most of them (89.8%) who suffered from various symptoms related to gloves, did not have any symptoms when they were on holiday or sick leave. Conclusion Nearly half of the participants have some problems with the skin after wearing latex gloves. Most participants have had those symptoms withdrawn when they took a sick leave or a vacation. The ban on powdered gloves should be considered as a preventive measure.","PeriodicalId":335287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Study and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130454011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksandra Hincz, Katarzyna Joanna Gąsior, M. Cichoń, Paweł Kapszewicz, Elżbieta Sałacińska-Łoś, M. Orzechowska, K. Taran
Abstract Background Prognostic factors in cancers are believed to be one of the most important discoveries in oncology. However, due to the development of integrated science they are not restricted to morphological anomalies anymore. In everyday routine the light microscope markers are systematically replaced by new ones, especially of immunohistochemical and molecular type. It leads to the question what is the relation of the oldest prognostic parameters to the basic and newly discovered pathways common for cancer disease itself. Objectives The aim of presented studies is to investigate the most modern factors involved in pathological processes in the two models of cancer disease, glioblastoma in adults and neuroblastoma in developmental age to search for potential relation with the established prognostic factors appropriately to the tumor type, including the oldest known light microscope parameters – tumor histology and proliferation rate of cancer cells. Material and methods Immunohistochemical assessment of expression of c-jun in glioblastoma and TGF-beta in neuroblastoma group in relation to chosen histoclinical features: patients’ related (age, gender) and tumor related; including all the widely excepted prognostic parameters regarding the tumor type (location, histological type (neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma), tumor histology (favorable, unfavorable), Ki-67 index, stage. Results Variations of c-jun immunoexpression were revealed in glioblastoma as well as differences in TGF-beta expression in neuroblastoma regarding the examined histoclinical features. Furthermore, in both cancer groups the levels of the examined protein expression appeared to relate to cancer cell proliferation estimated by the established parameter – Ki67 indices. Conclusions In both models of cancer disease, glioblastoma in adults and neuroblastoma in developmental age there is a crossing of pathways of the oldest and the newest cancer disease markers. Although integrated science offers the most advanced approaches it is important to consider the old established prognostic parameters in prognostication in individual, especially doubtful cases.
{"title":"The Pilot Study of C-jun and TGF-beta Immunoexpression in Relation to the Oldest Cancer Biomarkers – Tumor Histology and Proliferation Rate in Glioblastoma and Neuroblastoma Models of Cancer Disease","authors":"Aleksandra Hincz, Katarzyna Joanna Gąsior, M. Cichoń, Paweł Kapszewicz, Elżbieta Sałacińska-Łoś, M. Orzechowska, K. Taran","doi":"10.36145/jhsm2021.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36145/jhsm2021.07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Prognostic factors in cancers are believed to be one of the most important discoveries in oncology. However, due to the development of integrated science they are not restricted to morphological anomalies anymore. In everyday routine the light microscope markers are systematically replaced by new ones, especially of immunohistochemical and molecular type. It leads to the question what is the relation of the oldest prognostic parameters to the basic and newly discovered pathways common for cancer disease itself. Objectives The aim of presented studies is to investigate the most modern factors involved in pathological processes in the two models of cancer disease, glioblastoma in adults and neuroblastoma in developmental age to search for potential relation with the established prognostic factors appropriately to the tumor type, including the oldest known light microscope parameters – tumor histology and proliferation rate of cancer cells. Material and methods Immunohistochemical assessment of expression of c-jun in glioblastoma and TGF-beta in neuroblastoma group in relation to chosen histoclinical features: patients’ related (age, gender) and tumor related; including all the widely excepted prognostic parameters regarding the tumor type (location, histological type (neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma), tumor histology (favorable, unfavorable), Ki-67 index, stage. Results Variations of c-jun immunoexpression were revealed in glioblastoma as well as differences in TGF-beta expression in neuroblastoma regarding the examined histoclinical features. Furthermore, in both cancer groups the levels of the examined protein expression appeared to relate to cancer cell proliferation estimated by the established parameter – Ki67 indices. Conclusions In both models of cancer disease, glioblastoma in adults and neuroblastoma in developmental age there is a crossing of pathways of the oldest and the newest cancer disease markers. Although integrated science offers the most advanced approaches it is important to consider the old established prognostic parameters in prognostication in individual, especially doubtful cases.","PeriodicalId":335287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Study and Medicine","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121836680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Introduction Advertising of tobacco products contributes to the increase in the number of smokers. Also in Poland, the regulations in force prohibit advertising and promotion of tobacco products, symbols related to their use, as well as tobacco props and products imitating them. This prohibition applies to the promotion and advertising of tobacco products, including in public places, schools, health care institutions, but also on television, radio, in the press, cinemas and on billboards. The 6 effective actions of the MPOWER package of the World Health Organization, which may limit the consumption of tobacco products in society, include the elimination of marketing practices violating the ban on promotion and advertising of tobacco products, as well as warning and informing about health risks related to the use of tobacco. According to research, graphic health warnings on tobacco products are effective. They reliably reach tobacco users every time they use these products. Aim The aim of the study was to assess the perception of advertisements for tobacco products and warnings about the harmful effects of smoking by smokers. Material and methods A survey conducted in 2015. 114 smokers from Piotrków County. The research tool was a questionnaire. The Bioethics Committee of the Medical University of Lodz issued a positive opinion on the study (RNN/243/15/KE). Results During the last 30 days, smokers most often encountered information on the harmful effects of smoking on television (54%) and in newspapers or magazines (52%). Within the last 30 days, 97% of respondents saw information on the dangers of smoking on cigarette packets. 54% of smokers, under the influence of health warnings on cigarette packets, considered stopping smoking in the last 30 days. Smokers noticed forms of promotion of cigarettes: as many as 16% of respondents noticed free cigarette samples, 13% of discounted cigarettes. 36% of smokers believed that advertising and displaying tobacco products at points of sale did not affect the type of product purchased. Conclusions There is a need for interventions to alert against the dangers of smoking. Rules to ban tobacco display and smoke warning can help reduce smoking.
{"title":"Perception of Advertising of Tobacco Products and Warnings about the Harmfulness of Smoking by Smokers","authors":"Ewa Siwińska-Beck, M. Znyk, D. Kaleta","doi":"10.36145/jhsm2021.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36145/jhsm2021.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Advertising of tobacco products contributes to the increase in the number of smokers. Also in Poland, the regulations in force prohibit advertising and promotion of tobacco products, symbols related to their use, as well as tobacco props and products imitating them. This prohibition applies to the promotion and advertising of tobacco products, including in public places, schools, health care institutions, but also on television, radio, in the press, cinemas and on billboards. The 6 effective actions of the MPOWER package of the World Health Organization, which may limit the consumption of tobacco products in society, include the elimination of marketing practices violating the ban on promotion and advertising of tobacco products, as well as warning and informing about health risks related to the use of tobacco. According to research, graphic health warnings on tobacco products are effective. They reliably reach tobacco users every time they use these products. Aim The aim of the study was to assess the perception of advertisements for tobacco products and warnings about the harmful effects of smoking by smokers. Material and methods A survey conducted in 2015. 114 smokers from Piotrków County. The research tool was a questionnaire. The Bioethics Committee of the Medical University of Lodz issued a positive opinion on the study (RNN/243/15/KE). Results During the last 30 days, smokers most often encountered information on the harmful effects of smoking on television (54%) and in newspapers or magazines (52%). Within the last 30 days, 97% of respondents saw information on the dangers of smoking on cigarette packets. 54% of smokers, under the influence of health warnings on cigarette packets, considered stopping smoking in the last 30 days. Smokers noticed forms of promotion of cigarettes: as many as 16% of respondents noticed free cigarette samples, 13% of discounted cigarettes. 36% of smokers believed that advertising and displaying tobacco products at points of sale did not affect the type of product purchased. Conclusions There is a need for interventions to alert against the dangers of smoking. Rules to ban tobacco display and smoke warning can help reduce smoking.","PeriodicalId":335287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Study and Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128631521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Świerczyńska, Monika Zgoła, Małgorzata Widawska, Paulina Stasiołek, A. Gawron-Skarbek
Abstract Introduction Human resource management is a key process in organisation management. Skilful management of the staff, setting the goals and motivating the employees to high-level performance of their tasks help to achieve the organisation’s goals consistently. Purposes The study was aimed to analyse the process of motivating the doctors and nurses working in the Tomaszów Health Centre and to investigate the staff’s satisfaction with the incentives used in their workplace. Materials and methods The study population covered fifty doctors and fifty nurses employed at four departments of the Tomaszów Health Centre. The study involved an analysis of the factors which motivate and demotivate the THC staff and an investigation of the incentives used towards the staff. The level of the study population (doctors and nurses) satisfaction with the methods of their motivation was also examined. Results The analysis of the results revealed that the most desired factors with the most positive impact on the staff motivation level include appreciation bonuses (40% of the respondents), good atmosphere at work (38%) and the possibility to enhance one’s qualifications (21%). The stimulus which affects the effectiveness of the staff’s performance of their duties is an orally expressed praise of the CEO/president, boss or superior (31%). The doctors and nurses in the study population do not feel satisfied with the incentive scheme used in the THC (69%). Conclusions In-cash factors play the most important role in the incentive scheme for the majority of THC’s employees. Most of the doctors and nurses working for THC do not feel satisfied with the incentives used in their workplace.
{"title":"Human Resource Management in the Group of Doctors and Nurses Employed in the Tomaszów Health Centre in Tomaszów Mazowiecki","authors":"Marta Świerczyńska, Monika Zgoła, Małgorzata Widawska, Paulina Stasiołek, A. Gawron-Skarbek","doi":"10.36145/jhsm2021.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36145/jhsm2021.08","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Human resource management is a key process in organisation management. Skilful management of the staff, setting the goals and motivating the employees to high-level performance of their tasks help to achieve the organisation’s goals consistently. Purposes The study was aimed to analyse the process of motivating the doctors and nurses working in the Tomaszów Health Centre and to investigate the staff’s satisfaction with the incentives used in their workplace. Materials and methods The study population covered fifty doctors and fifty nurses employed at four departments of the Tomaszów Health Centre. The study involved an analysis of the factors which motivate and demotivate the THC staff and an investigation of the incentives used towards the staff. The level of the study population (doctors and nurses) satisfaction with the methods of their motivation was also examined. Results The analysis of the results revealed that the most desired factors with the most positive impact on the staff motivation level include appreciation bonuses (40% of the respondents), good atmosphere at work (38%) and the possibility to enhance one’s qualifications (21%). The stimulus which affects the effectiveness of the staff’s performance of their duties is an orally expressed praise of the CEO/president, boss or superior (31%). The doctors and nurses in the study population do not feel satisfied with the incentive scheme used in the THC (69%). Conclusions In-cash factors play the most important role in the incentive scheme for the majority of THC’s employees. Most of the doctors and nurses working for THC do not feel satisfied with the incentives used in their workplace.","PeriodicalId":335287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Study and Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121996110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A scientific school could be defined as a form of community that includes a group of scholars, researchers sharing similar ideas, and approaching specific scientific problems in the same way. The crucial characteristic of a scientific school is based on values, culture and identity of scholars represented by similar research orientation. The objective of the paper is to describe the characteristics of the organizational identity of medical science schools. The research methodology is based on a review of the literature on the subject.
{"title":"Identity and Culture of Medical Schools in Poland","authors":"Joanna Sułkowska","doi":"10.36145/jhsm2021.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36145/jhsm2021.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A scientific school could be defined as a form of community that includes a group of scholars, researchers sharing similar ideas, and approaching specific scientific problems in the same way. The crucial characteristic of a scientific school is based on values, culture and identity of scholars represented by similar research orientation. The objective of the paper is to describe the characteristics of the organizational identity of medical science schools. The research methodology is based on a review of the literature on the subject.","PeriodicalId":335287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Study and Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127171261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background Obesity was declared an epidemic of the 21st century by WHO. Currently, as many as 39% of adults in the world are overweight and 13% are obese. The number of obese people in the world has tripled since 1975. As is well known, excessive abnormal body weight has a significant impact on the functioning of the entire body. It is very common to emphasize education on cardiovascular implications related to obesity matter – however, overweight and obese patients may also be a group particularly vulnerable to problems related to the urogenital system. Objectives The aim of the study is to draw attention and discuss the problems related to the above-mentioned system, to which this group of patients is exposed more frequently than patients with normal body weight. They include dysfunctions that do not pose a threat to the patient’s life, but significantly reduce the quality of life, such as urinary incontinence and impotence, and severe and even life-threatening diseases such as chronic kidney disease or cancer. Material and methods Based on numerous data available on this subject and collected from various research centers using Google Scholar and Pub-Med, the most recent and the most important information on this subject has been summarized. To better present and understand the problem, the mechanisms were also discussed, so that the work is a complete analysis, particularly useful in the current obesity epidemic. Results Obesity is associated with an increased risk of many diseases of the urogenital system. It causes a worse prognosis and makes treatment less effective. Treatment of obesity should be the first line of treatment of the discussed diseases of the genitourinary system. Conclusions Obesity is a serious and growing problem all over the world. It has an impact on the epidemiology of many diseases of the urogenital system, therefore paying special attention to its prevention and treatment seems to be one of the most important foundations for the prevention and treatment of dysfunctions of the genitourinary system.
{"title":"Is Obesity Significantly Connected with Urogenital Disorders? – Systematic Review","authors":"A. Wijata, Joanna Osiak, K. Kędziora–Kornatowska","doi":"10.36145/jhsm2021.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36145/jhsm2021.12","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Obesity was declared an epidemic of the 21st century by WHO. Currently, as many as 39% of adults in the world are overweight and 13% are obese. The number of obese people in the world has tripled since 1975. As is well known, excessive abnormal body weight has a significant impact on the functioning of the entire body. It is very common to emphasize education on cardiovascular implications related to obesity matter – however, overweight and obese patients may also be a group particularly vulnerable to problems related to the urogenital system. Objectives The aim of the study is to draw attention and discuss the problems related to the above-mentioned system, to which this group of patients is exposed more frequently than patients with normal body weight. They include dysfunctions that do not pose a threat to the patient’s life, but significantly reduce the quality of life, such as urinary incontinence and impotence, and severe and even life-threatening diseases such as chronic kidney disease or cancer. Material and methods Based on numerous data available on this subject and collected from various research centers using Google Scholar and Pub-Med, the most recent and the most important information on this subject has been summarized. To better present and understand the problem, the mechanisms were also discussed, so that the work is a complete analysis, particularly useful in the current obesity epidemic. Results Obesity is associated with an increased risk of many diseases of the urogenital system. It causes a worse prognosis and makes treatment less effective. Treatment of obesity should be the first line of treatment of the discussed diseases of the genitourinary system. Conclusions Obesity is a serious and growing problem all over the world. It has an impact on the epidemiology of many diseases of the urogenital system, therefore paying special attention to its prevention and treatment seems to be one of the most important foundations for the prevention and treatment of dysfunctions of the genitourinary system.","PeriodicalId":335287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Study and Medicine","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131955037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Szkiela, E. Kusideł, Ewa Siwińska-Beck, T. Makowiec-Dąbrowska
Abstract Introduction In 2009, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) stated that there was “limited evidence of a cause and effect relationship between an increased risk of breast cancer and smoking”. Environmental tobacco smoke is known to cause cancer by exerting both carcinogenic and genotoxic effects. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between smoking (active and passive) and breast cancer risk. Material and methods The case/control study was conducted from 2015– –2019 in the Lodz region. The case group included 384 women with breast cancer; the control group included 298 healthy women. The research tool was an anonymous questionnaire. Results In the group of 682 respondents, 63% have ever smoked cigarettes (65.4%/60.1% in the case/control group respectively), 22.1% were current smokers, 67% were exposed to passive smoking. In the majority of cases, women were exposed to smoking by the husband (86%), the father (55.5%) or both (43.2%). Breast cancer risk is 253–271% higher for smokers (current – past) in comparison to the group of non-smokers, never exposed to passive smoking. The risk for passive smokers is 139% higher than for those not exposed. Conclusions Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke increases the risk of breast cancer. Public awareness of the negative consequences of passive smoking should be raised.
{"title":"Smoking Tobacco – a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer","authors":"Marta Szkiela, E. Kusideł, Ewa Siwińska-Beck, T. Makowiec-Dąbrowska","doi":"10.36145/jhsm2021.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36145/jhsm2021.09","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction In 2009, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) stated that there was “limited evidence of a cause and effect relationship between an increased risk of breast cancer and smoking”. Environmental tobacco smoke is known to cause cancer by exerting both carcinogenic and genotoxic effects. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between smoking (active and passive) and breast cancer risk. Material and methods The case/control study was conducted from 2015– –2019 in the Lodz region. The case group included 384 women with breast cancer; the control group included 298 healthy women. The research tool was an anonymous questionnaire. Results In the group of 682 respondents, 63% have ever smoked cigarettes (65.4%/60.1% in the case/control group respectively), 22.1% were current smokers, 67% were exposed to passive smoking. In the majority of cases, women were exposed to smoking by the husband (86%), the father (55.5%) or both (43.2%). Breast cancer risk is 253–271% higher for smokers (current – past) in comparison to the group of non-smokers, never exposed to passive smoking. The risk for passive smokers is 139% higher than for those not exposed. Conclusions Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke increases the risk of breast cancer. Public awareness of the negative consequences of passive smoking should be raised.","PeriodicalId":335287,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Study and Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129597654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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