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ROUTINE VS. ROUTINIZATION IN A. BIERCE’S STORY «AN OCCURRENCE AT OWL CREEK BRIDGE» 例行公事与例行公事在a. bierce的故事“猫头鹰溪桥的一件事”
Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.32589/2411-3883.18.2021.246807
Olena Gorenko
The article introduces a phenomenological approach to the analysis of A. Bierce’s story «An occurrence at Owl creek bridge». The category of routine is studied within the frames of Husserl’s interpretation of transcendental inter-subjectivity according to which «realized experience» is presented on two levels. The first is connected with a single flood of consciousness, and, to be more precise,with a possible perception of a single ego-subject. In the story it is Peyton Farquhar. The second represents the constructed unity of a higher level and is a multitude of subjects which are in a state of agreement and mutual understanding. These are soldiers and officers of the Unionist Army, who are involved into the procedure of a hanging which acquires the status of a ritualized routine, daily occurrence. Bierce’s approach to routinization of death is explicitly ironic. Irony is applied on both stylistic and linguistic levels. On linguistic level it is used as traditional incompatibility between what is said and what is meant. On stylistic one– it accentuates the contrast between textual reality and its possible perception by reading audience. This contrast is also revealed through the opposition of two temporal layers – physical and psychological. The first has system forming narrative function, and the latter – system differentiating one. These two levels have a cross-section – internal existential perception of time and space by the person condemned to the execution and his temporal victory over death. At the same time the narrative mechanism of probing deep into the main character’s state of mind is being analysed. This mechanism helps the writer to express implicitly his real attitude to this «occurrence», which reflected paradoxality of civil conflict. On the one hand, it is an attempt to routinize the execution of enemies, on the other, – futile desire to return to the routine.
本文引入现象学的方法来分析a .比尔斯的故事《猫头鹰溪桥上的一件事》。日常范畴是在胡塞尔对先验主体间性的解释框架内进行研究的,据此,“已实现的经验”在两个层面上呈现。第一种与单一的意识洪流有关,更确切地说,与单一自我主体的可能感知有关。在故事中是佩顿·法夸尔。第二层是一个更高层次的建构统一体,是众多主体处于一致和相互理解的状态。这些是统一军的士兵和军官,他们参与了绞刑的程序,这是一种仪式化的例行公事,每天都会发生。比尔斯将死亡常规化的方法显然具有讽刺意味。反讽在文体和语言两个层面上都有应用。在语言层面上,它被用作传统的言意矛盾。在文体方面,它强调了文本现实与读者可能感知的对比。这种对比也通过生理和心理两个时间层面的对立表现出来。前者具有系统形成叙事功能,后者具有系统分化叙事功能。这两个层面有一个横截面——被判处死刑的人对时间和空间的内在存在感知,以及他在时间上战胜死亡。同时对深入探究主人公心理状态的叙事机制进行了分析。这一机制有助于作者含蓄地表达他对这一“事件”的真实态度,反映了国内冲突的悖论性。一方面,这是一种将对敌人的处决常规化的尝试,另一方面,是一种回归常规的徒劳的愿望。
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引用次数: 0
AESTHETICS OF SHOCKS IN THE CONTEXT OF CURRENT EVERYDAY LIFE 当代日常生活背景下的冲击美学
Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.32589/2411-3883.18.2021.247020
Lyudmyla Tarnashynska
Everyday life – regardless of its geographical status – has different dimensions: on the one hand, it is a routine, and on the other hand, it is an attempt to escape from it, to create at least some holiday. In the context of current everyday life, it makes sense to look at its other side: everyday life as stress, affectation of consciousness, etc. It is interesting to observe how the aesthetics of the shock, brought to Ukrainian literature, in particular, by the realities of the 1990s, is modified and filled with new meanings literally before our eyes, and how modern times deform human consciousness, herewith changing the «curve» of surrealism. This is about a phenomenon of the global world – a pandemic as a new experience that has actualized the issue of coexistence and co-responsibility. Experience, preventively studied through fiction and cinema (if «The Plague» by Albert Camus is about the past, then the «The Eyes of Darkness» dystopia by Dean Koontz is about the lethal microorganism «Wuhan 400» in the 1989 edition, which was called «Gorki-400» in the original 1981 version and is a warning fromthe past), now needs a new understanding. After A. Camus’s «The Plague,» one can also appeal to books on the same pandemic theme that have not yet been translated into Ukrainian: for example, Karel Čapek’s play «The White Plague» (1937), «The Steel Spring» by Swedish writer Per Wahlöö (1968), as well as «Blind Faith» dystopia by Ben Elton (2007), where the action takes place in the near future against the background of constant epidemics, and the research focuses on the current topic of vaccination. As a sensitive tool, literature received the reinterpreted theme of ageism for artistic reflection (one can find striking consonance, say, in Japanese literature, in particular in «The Ballad of Narayama» novel by Shichirō Fukazawa), as well as the theme of discrimination on other grounds and social inequality; the theme of a person endowed with power/opportunities and his/her choice to give or not to give the right to life to another; the topic of the area of personal/collective responsibility, boundaries of openness/closedness of societies, as well as the topic of the limit of pragmatism/rationalism, the limits/depth of cynicism. That is, it is about actualizing the presumption of the right to life, the preservation of humanity, which problematizes the other/different content of old, eternal plots of Ukrainian and world literature.
无论地理位置如何,日常生活都有不同的维度:一方面,它是例行公事,另一方面,它是逃避例行公事的一种尝试,至少创造一些假期。在当前日常生活的背景下,审视它的另一面是有意义的:日常生活是压力,意识的伪装等等。有趣的是,观察乌克兰文学的冲击美学,特别是20世纪90年代的现实,如何在我们眼前被修改并充满新的意义,以及现代如何扭曲人类意识,从而改变超现实主义的“曲线”。这是关于全球世界的一种现象——一种流行病作为一种新的经验,实现了共存和共同责任的问题。通过小说和电影预防性研究的经验(如果说阿尔贝·加缪(Albert Camus)的《瘟疫》(The Plague)是关于过去的,那么迪恩·孔茨(Dean Koontz)的反乌托邦电影《黑暗之眼》(The Eyes of Darkness)是关于1989年版本中的致命微生物“武汉400”,在1981年的原版中被称为“高尔基400”,是来自过去的警告),现在需要一个新的理解。在A.加缪的《瘟疫》之后,人们也可以诉诸于尚未被翻译成乌克兰语的关于同一流行病主题的书籍:例如,卡雷尔Čapek的戏剧《白色瘟疫》(1937年),瑞典作家Per Wahlöö的《钢铁之春》(1968年),以及本·埃尔顿的《盲信》反乌托邦(2007年),其中行动发生在不久的将来,背景是不断的流行病,研究重点是当前的主题疫苗接种。作为一种敏感的工具,文学接受了对年龄歧视主题的重新解释,以进行艺术反思(人们可以在日本文学中找到惊人的一致性,特别是在《奈山的歌谣》中由富泽七郎写的小说),以及基于其他理由的歧视和社会不平等的主题;一个被赋予权力/机会的人,以及他/她选择给予或不给予他人生存权的主题;个人/集体责任领域的主题,社会开放/封闭的界限,以及实用主义/理性主义的极限,犬儒主义的极限/深度的主题。也就是说,它是关于实现生命权的假定,维护人性,这对乌克兰和世界文学中古老的、永恒的情节的其他内容提出了问题。
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引用次数: 0
MEGXIT IN CONTEMPORARY MEDIA AND INTERNET DISCOURSES 当代媒体与网络话语中的Megxit
Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.32589/2411-3883.18.2021.246848
Liliia Kornilieva
Every language preserves historic realia, reveals peculiarities of the geographical position of a particular country, main traits of the national character, and the overall cultural code of every nation speaking it. The language also describes all new realia and phenomena, and neologisms are coined all the time. «Brexit», «Megxit», «To Meghan Markle» are relatively new words in the English language. Romanticized image of a beautiful and tender princess, happily married to her royal Beau − a handsome, valiant and dashing young man is one of the most popular icons in European folklore. But modern fairy-tales are not that much simple. One omniscient author is definitely not enough, and millions of other on-line commentators contribute to the main line of the story, describing the prince and his princess, and often calling them names. Surprisingly as it may seem, the saying «My home is my castle» becomes not true, and the palace walls often shudder from rumors and insinuations, racial slurs and undertones. Under the circumstances a former friend often becomes a foe, compatriots become the invaders, responsible for a massive intrusion and violation of a basic human right for privacy. The main characters feel unhappy and the fairy tale soon becomes a thing to endure. These are the realia of our modern culture, with its etiquette and netiquette, black PR, on-line trolls and getting bad press. The Sussex family often cites racism as the main cause of all their troubles, but the plethora of various texts can reveal much more than just racism and related inequities. Personal qualities of the Duchess, her American origin and professionalbackground contribute to a massive cultural clash, and the new word «Megxit» appears, adding new shades of meaning to the «happily ever after» from the fairy tales. The article centers on the issues causing Megxit, and the texts give newinsight to a famous and well-known story.
每一种语言都保留了历史现实,揭示了一个特定国家地理位置的特点,民族性格的主要特征,以及说这种语言的每个民族的总体文化准则。语言也描述了所有新的现实和现象,新词一直在创造。“Brexit”、“Megxit”、“To Meghan Markle”是相对较新的英语单词。一个美丽温柔的公主与她的皇家情人幸福地结婚的浪漫化形象——一个英俊、勇敢、潇洒的年轻人是欧洲民间传说中最受欢迎的偶像之一。但现代童话并没有那么简单。一个无所不知的作者肯定是不够的,数百万其他的在线评论者为故事的主线做出了贡献,描述了王子和他的公主,并经常辱骂他们。令人惊讶的是,“我的家是我的城堡”这句话变得不真实了,宫殿的墙壁经常因谣言和影射、种族歧视和暗语而颤抖。在这种情况下,昔日的朋友往往成为敌人,同胞成为入侵者,对大规模侵犯和侵犯隐私权的基本人权负有责任。主角们感到不开心,童话故事很快就变成了一件让人难以忍受的事情。这些都是我们现代文化的现实,包括礼仪和网络礼仪、黑色公关、网络喷子和负面报道。苏塞克斯一家经常把种族主义作为他们所有麻烦的主要原因,但大量不同的文本可以揭示的不仅仅是种族主义和相关的不平等。公爵夫人的个人品质、她的美国血统和职业背景导致了一场巨大的文化冲突,新词“Megxit”出现了,为童话故事中的“从此幸福地生活在一起”增添了新的含义。这篇文章围绕着引发“Megxit”的问题展开,文本对一个著名的、众所周知的故事有了新的认识。
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引用次数: 0
SELF-WRITING IN THE DIMENSION OF EVERYDAY LIFE: DYNAMICS, CHALLENGES, PERSPECTIVES 日常生活维度中的自我写作:动态、挑战、视角
Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.32589/2411-3883.18.2021.246984
Y. Pavlenko
The article presents a study of the everyday life discourse in writing about the Self of a fictional subject. It seems obvious that involvement of self-writing in everyday practice calls into question the power of self-writing in the context of everyday life for the self-knowledge of the individual. The purpose of this scientific research is to debunk this illusion and explain the connection between the everyday life and self-writing. It transforms the practice of incorporating one’s own «I» in writing into the dimension of constructing the subject’s identity. There are no works on this topic in modern literary criticism and this fact also indicates the relevance and novelty of the research that is unfolding in the following article. Nowadays, the history of everyday life is booming. It is evidenced by a whole array of scientific papers on this issue. The study of self-writing in the dimension of everyday life appeals to the semiotic approach of Y.M. Lotman and G. Knabe for the analysis of the sign-symbolic nature of everyday life, to the sociological studies of A. Schutz, P. Berger and T. Lukman to identify the ways of constructing everyday life as reality or as a «life world», to the works of V.D.Leleko in the field of aesthetics and culturology of everyday life. The works of the philosophical and anthropological school serve the basis for the research. Particular attention is given to the text-letter of the Enlightenment. The protagonists of the Enlightenment Age invest the issues of everyday life in the work of writing that is a daily practice in the XVIII century. Due to its characteristics, the sphere of everyday life is a measure of self-knowledge and self-affirmation of the individual that was first artistically embodied by enlightened characters. The study shows that everyday life asa strong ground for self-affirmation of the subject was discovered with the help of the personal writing in the novel of the XVIII century, but this discovery became a lost testament to the text-writing of the Enlightenment. Changing the picture of everyday life under the influence of new technologies does not interfere with the text-writing. In the dynamic picture of everyday life offered to us by the 21st century, writing about the Self of a fictional subject opens up new facets of the power of everyday life discourse for the anthropological laboratory of literature. The study is illustrated by thesuch texts as: «Robinson Crusoe» by D.Defoe, «Nun» by D. Diderot, «Memoirs of two young wives» by O. de Balzac, «Poison of Love» by E.-E. Schmitt, «Self-portrait of the radiator» by K. Boben.
本文对小说主体的日常生活话语进行了研究。很明显,在日常实践中参与自我写作会对自我写作在日常生活背景下对个人自我认识的能力提出质疑。这项科学研究的目的是为了揭穿这种错觉,并解释日常生活与自我写作之间的联系。它将在写作中融入自己的“我”的实践转化为构建主体身份的维度。在现代文学批评中没有关于这一主题的著作,这一事实也表明了本文所展开的研究的相关性和新颖性。如今,日常生活的历史正在蓬勃发展。关于这个问题的大量科学论文都证明了这一点。日常生活维度中的自我写作研究诉诸于Y.M. Lotman和G. Knabe的符号学方法来分析日常生活的符号-象征性质,诉诸于a . Schutz、P. Berger和T. Lukman的社会学研究来确定将日常生活构建为现实或“生活世界”的方式,诉诸于V.D.Leleko在日常生活美学和文化学领域的作品。哲学和人类学学派的著作为这一研究提供了基础。特别注意的是启蒙运动的文本信件。启蒙时代的主角们把日常生活的问题投入到写作中,这是18世纪的日常实践。由于其特点,日常生活领域是个体自我认识和自我肯定的尺度,最初由开明的人物艺术地体现出来。研究表明,日常生活是主体自我肯定的坚实基础,这是在18世纪小说的个人写作的帮助下发现的,但这一发现成为了启蒙运动文本写作的失传证据。在新技术的影响下,改变日常生活的画面并不会干扰文字写作。在21世纪提供给我们的日常生活动态图景中,关于虚构主体的自我的写作为文学人类学实验室开辟了日常生活话语力量的新方面。这项研究的例证是笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》,狄德罗的《修女》,巴尔扎克的《两个年轻妻子的回忆录》,e - e的《爱情的毒药》。Schmitt,《散热器的自画像》,作者:K. Boben。
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引用次数: 0
THE CONCEPT OF ANXIETY / ANXIOUSNESS IN THE PRIVATE SPHERE OF SERHIY ZHADAN’S NOVEL CHARACTERS («MESOPOTAMIA», «BOARDING SCHOOL») 谢尔盖·扎丹小说人物(《美索不达米亚》、《寄宿学校》)私人领域的焦虑/焦虑概念
Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.32589/2411-3883.18.2021.246976
Tatiana Meiserskaya
The article focuses on the study of artistic ways of expressing the types of human anxiety that is manifested in private experiences of the characters of Serhiy Zhadan’s novels «Mesopotamia» and «Boarding School». It is established that the prose writer embodied various types of anxiety – basic, catastrophic, neurotic – which arise in crisis life situations of the characters and are related primarily to the unconscious protective mechanisms of their psyche. It was found out that the private anxieties of Zhadan’s novel characters are most often expressed in intrinsic impulses of aggressive or sexual nature (Romeo, Oleg), past experiences, fear of responsibility, inferiority complex (Pasha, Yura), fear ofpunishment (Mario) or threats from the environment (Yura), a neurotic desire to compensate for one’s own inferiority in the sphere of personal ambitions (Bob) or power over others (Marat). As one of the most prominent artistic embodiments of the psychology of anxiety, the reasons for its emergence and the reflection of the subjective mechanisms of its development, the author of the article identifies the structure of the characters: Marat and Sonya – as the embodiment of a whole bunch of neurotic anxieties, involving the existence of internal conflict, disruption of interpersonal relationships with a clear manifestation of aggressive (criminal or sexual) behavior;Yura, whose behavior reveals symptoms of catastrophic anxiety where his feeling of threat from everywhere leads to his own existence being threatened; children (Sasha and Pasha in the memories of their childhood from the «Boarding School», Dasha’s son from «Mesopotamia») as carriers of basic anxieties arising from childhood due to a number of misunderstandings with the adult world, which further provokes the feelings of their personal inferiority, behavioral anomalies etc. It is emphasized that the nature of the characters’ anxiety and anxiousness is somewhat irrational, that it is always «intrinsic», and that bodily symptoms – the visible «body language» – play a significant role in the reflection of the «invisible language» of feelings.
本文着重研究了谢尔盖·扎丹小说《美索不达米亚》和《寄宿学校》中人物的私人经历所表现的人类焦虑类型的艺术表达方式。散文作家的焦虑表现为基本焦虑、灾难性焦虑、神经质焦虑等多种类型,这些焦虑产生于人物的危机生活情境中,主要与人物潜意识的心理保护机制有关。研究发现,扎丹小说人物的私人焦虑通常表现在侵略性或性本质的内在冲动(罗密欧、奥列格)、过去的经历、对责任的恐惧、自卑情结(帕夏、尤拉)、对惩罚的恐惧(马里奥)或来自环境的威胁(尤拉)、一种神经质的欲望,以弥补自己在个人野心(鲍勃)或对他人的权力(马拉)方面的自卑。作为焦虑心理最突出的艺术表现形式之一,本文从焦虑心理产生的原因和焦虑心理发展的主观机制两个方面对人物的结构进行了界定:马拉和索尼娅-作为一堆神经性焦虑的化身,包括内部冲突的存在,人际关系的破坏,以及明显的侵略性(犯罪或性)行为的表现;尤拉,他的行为显示出灾难性焦虑的症状,他的威胁感来自任何地方,导致他自己的存在受到威胁;儿童(Sasha和Pasha在《寄宿学校》中的童年记忆,Dasha的儿子来自《美索不达米亚》)是童年时期由于对成人世界的一些误解而产生的基本焦虑的载体,这进一步激发了他们的个人自卑、行为异常等情绪。强调人物焦虑和焦虑的本质是有些非理性的,它总是“内在的”,身体症状——可见的“肢体语言”——在反映情感的“无形语言”方面起着重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
MUNDANE SCIENCE FICTION: LOSS OF DREAMS OR MATURITY? 平凡的科幻小说:失去梦想还是成熟?
Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.32589/2411-3883.18.2021.246854
Nataliya Krynytska
The aim of the paper is to study the role of the mundane in contemporary culture based on the mundane science fiction (MSF). The term originated in 2004 thanks to «The Mundane Manifesto» by Geoff Ryman and his anonymous co-authors who argued for a focus on the modern science paradigm instead of dreams of outer space. The Manifesto outlines SF subgenre, where the setting is in the near future on the Earth or within the Solar System, excluding interstellar travel or contact with aliens. MSF suggests the believable use of technology and science, as it exists at the current time or a plausible extension of existing technology. There is a debate about the genre limits and its canonical works since it also covers cyberpunk, dystopia, etc. Remarkably, in the Soviet literature, such a genre called «near-future science fiction» existed in the 1940s and 1950s. It is a subgenre of «hard» SF focusing on the inventions useful for the national economy and lacking psychological depth of characters. This literature mostly had low artistic quality because of the Soviet ideological pressure and many limitations.The benefits of the paper are the following. First, the author distinguishes between two ma in approaches to SF, namely a more practical and literal reception and a more metaphorical reception. The former is characteristic of readers of realistic literature who try to find the true-to-life elements in SF blamed as escapism. The latter is close to the SF fans. However, blaming SF for escapism seems an excessive sociologizing of literature and ignoring the great role of metaphor in cultural development. Consequently, MSF is an effort to bridge a gap between SF and realistic literature. Second, the paper presents the first attempt to compare MSF to the Soviet «near-future SF». The author argues that since such a «near-future SF» occupies a niche in Western literature, it is a sign of the global changesthat are taking place during the lifetime of the current generation, bringing, in addition to progress, the acute threat of environmental catastrophe. Moreover, the role of neo Marxism, on the one hand, and technophobia, on the other hand, are emphasized. Third, for the first time the possible connections between MSF and the frontier myth important for the American national cultural mythology are studied. At the core of Kim Stanley Robinson’s novel «Aurora» (2015) and James Gray’s movie «Ad Astra» (2019), MSF is regarded as a rejection of the ideology «space: the final frontier». Both works shift the focus from the global to the personal, from the unusual to the mundane, from expansion and colonization to the internal problems. The author concludes that the anthropological turn occurs in SF as well: there is a loss of metaphor, allegory, and archetypal basis, an abandonment of escapism, Enlightenment utopianism, belief in progress, romanticism, and industrialism in favor of more realistic view on the future of humankind. Unfortunately, in many cases, «mundane» me
本文的目的是在世俗科幻小说的基础上研究世俗在当代文化中的作用。这个词起源于2004年Geoff Ryman和他的匿名合著者的《世俗宣言》,他们主张关注现代科学范式,而不是外太空的梦想。《宣言》概述了科幻亚类型,它的背景是在不久的将来的地球或太阳系内,不包括星际旅行或与外星人接触。MSF建议可信地使用技术和科学,因为它存在于当前时间或现有技术的合理扩展。关于类型限制和它的经典作品存在争议,因为它也涵盖了赛博朋克,反乌托邦等。值得注意的是,在20世纪40年代和50年代的苏联文学中,存在着一种叫做“近未来科幻小说”的类型。它是“硬”科幻小说的一个亚类型,侧重于对国民经济有用的发明,缺乏人物的心理深度。由于苏联的意识形态压力和诸多限制,这些文学作品的艺术质量大多不高。本文的优点如下。首先,作者区分了科幻小说的两种主要接受方式,即更实际和字面的接受方式和更隐喻的接受方式。前者是现实主义文学读者的特征,他们试图在科幻小说中找到被称为逃避主义的真实元素。后者接近科幻迷。然而,将科幻小说归咎于逃避主义似乎是对文学的过度社会化,忽视了隐喻在文化发展中的巨大作用。因此,《无国界医生》试图弥合科幻小说和现实主义文学之间的鸿沟。其次,本文首次尝试将MSF与苏联的“近未来SF”进行比较。作者认为,由于这种“近未来的科幻小说”在西方文学中占有一席之地,它是当代人一生中正在发生的全球变化的标志,除了进步之外,还带来了环境灾难的严重威胁。此外,新马克思主义的作用,一方面,技术恐惧症,另一方面,被强调。第三,首次研究了MSF与边疆神话之间的可能联系,这对美国民族文化神话具有重要意义。在金·斯坦利·罗宾逊(Kim Stanley Robinson)的小说《极光》(2015)和詹姆斯·格雷(James Gray)的电影《阿斯特拉》(2019)中,无国界医生被视为对“空间:最后的边界”意识形态的拒绝。两部作品都将焦点从全球转向个人,从不寻常转向平凡,从扩张和殖民转向内部问题。作者的结论是,科幻小说也出现了人类学的转向:隐喻、寓言和原型基础的缺失,逃避主义、启蒙乌托邦主义、对进步的信仰、浪漫主义和工业主义的放弃,对人类未来的看法更加现实。不幸的是,在许多情况下,“平凡”不仅意味着“成熟”,而且意味着“无聊”,这使得科幻小说比小说更科学。
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引用次数: 0
INTER- AND GENERATIONAL DISCOURSE AS THE CORNERSTONE OF THE EVERYDAY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF FICTION 从小说的视角看代际话语作为日常生活的基石
Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.32589/2411-3883.18.2021.246987
E. Sadovskaya
Inter- and generational interaction takes place in everyday communication and serves as the basis of any society as it forms, regulates and maintains the existence of society by collecting, preserving and transferring knowledge and experience from generation to generation. The interaction of generations is practice based; it rationalizes the actions of individuals in society relying on common sense for the purpose of preserving the descendants and turning individual experience into objective knowledge for the following generations. This is done in everyday mundane interaction of generations. It is fiction that has accumulated this experience; it demonstrates not only the abundance of inter- and generational interaction but also its daily presence and vital character. The most vivid description of such generational or intergenerational interaction is seen in fictional works dealing with the relationships in the family, growing up of children and grandchildren and in novels of morals.
代际互动发生在日常交流中,是任何社会的基础,它通过收集、保存和代代相传的知识和经验来形成、调节和维持社会的存在。代际互动是基于实践的;它将个人在社会中依靠常识的行为合理化,目的是为了保护后代,将个人经验转化为后代的客观知识。这是在几代人的日常互动中完成的。是小说积累了这种经验;它不仅展示了丰富的代际互动,而且还展示了它的日常存在和重要特征。这种代际或代际互动的最生动的描述出现在处理家庭关系的虚构作品中,在孩子和孙子的成长过程中,在道德小说中。
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引用次数: 0
THE DISCOURSE-AND-NARRATIVE POLYPHONY OF THE QUOTIDIAN AND THE PUBLIC-RELATED IN IAN MCEWAN’S SATURDAY (2005) 伊恩·麦克尤恩的《星期六》(2005)中日常与公众相关的话语与叙事复调
Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.32589/2411-3883.18.2021.247017
Sergii Sushko
In the English-written literature, the «one day novel» genre modification is represented by an appreciable number of novels. V.Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway and J. Joyce’s Ulysses are the famous paragons of the subgenre. Ian McEwans’ Saturday also joins this category. The novel’s protagonist’s inner speech intensification as well as retrospective inclusions and digressions help the narrator to go beyond the conventional boundaries of the «one day novel» genre variety. The research undertaken in the given paper pursues exploration of of the possibility of combining the discourse and narrative elements of the literary text into one narrative entity. In the Ian McEwan’s circadian novel Saturday, the professional discourse of the neurosurgery as well as other discourses are skillfully and masterfully interwoven into the story-action-and-event governed textual terrain, that is into its narration. In the paper, the polysemantic structure of the terms «quotidian», «discourse», «narrative» has been analyzed. Also, such aspectual narratives of the novel as the quotidian narrative, medical, psychological, literary, mass media, topographical, musical, sports ones have been identified and some of them explored. Also, the plot-building function of the Neo-Victorian code of the novel has been specified and the Leitmotiff recurrence of some quotations, allusions and reminiscences has been dwelt on. In the paper, the principle of narrativization of a discourse is hypothesized; in keeping with it, the discourse-containedinformation is delivered through the action-and-event-based narrative. The discourse-governed knowledge is not distanced from the narrative, both are fused into one narrative whole. This principle accounts for a polyphonic interplay of discourses and narratives in the novel treated here.
在英语写作文学中,“一日小说”类型的变化以相当数量的小说为代表。伍尔夫的《达洛维夫人》和乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》是这类小说的著名典范。伊恩·麦克尤恩的《周六》也属于这一类。小说主人公内心话语的强化以及回顾性的包含和离题帮助叙述者超越了“一日小说”类型多样性的传统界限。本文所进行的研究旨在探索将文学文本的话语和叙事元素结合为一个叙事实体的可能性。在伊恩·麦克尤恩(Ian McEwan)的昼夜节律小说《星期六》(Saturday)中,神经外科的专业话语和其他话语巧妙地交织在故事-行动-事件主导的文本地形中,也就是说,交织在叙事中。本文分析了“日常”、“话语”、“叙事”等词汇的多义结构。此外,还对小说的日常叙事、医学叙事、心理叙事、文学叙事、大众传媒叙事、地形叙事、音乐叙事、体育叙事等方面进行了识别,并对其中一些方面进行了探索。此外,本文还对小说新维多利亚风格的情节构建功能进行了详细说明,并对一些引语、典故和回忆的主题再现进行了探讨。本文对话语的叙事化原则进行了假设;为了与之保持一致,包含话语的信息通过基于动作和事件的叙述来传递。话语支配的知识与叙事并没有分离,两者融合成一个叙事整体。这一原则解释了这里所讨论的小说中话语和叙述的复调相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
OVERCOMING THE BOUNDARIES OF EVERYDAYNESS IN NIALL GRIFFITHS`S NOVEL «STUMP» 尼尔·格里菲思小说《树桩》中对日常生活的超越
Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.32589/2411-3883.18.2021.247004
Ganna Stovba
The paper presents the research of poetics of the fourth novel «Stump» (2004) written by contemporary Welsh Anglophone author Niall Griffiths. The early works of Niall Griffiths have long been associated with the off-center tendency in contemporary British fiction, with novels written by Scottish authors such as Irvine Welsh, James Kelman, John King. This study attempts to demonstrate that Welsh writer doesn’t merely articulate the problems of the fringe groups of the society as well as shocking and taboo topics. Also to overcome the common postcolonial approach to Griffiths`s works which focuses on the concepts of «colonial othering», «forms of disability» etc. in the novels, the author of the article proposes the existential philosophy as methodological basis for this research. The study concentrates over the central problem of the human Being-in-the-world, the human life in the world of everydayness in Griffiths`s novel «Stump». Understanding «the everyday life», «everydayness» as common, routine life, full of daily automatic human actions (according to B. Waldenfels) the author aims to consider the boundaries of everyday life and the experience of overcoming the borders of everydayness in the novel discussed.The analysis demonstrates that narrative structure of the novel combines several modes and forms of narration. Interior monologue with steam of consciousness fragments is the form of representing the first plot line focusing on the one day of nameless recovering alcoholic who has lost his left arm to gangrene. «Style indirect libre» in first person plural form is used to finish each of the chapter devoted to one-armed hero and expresses his contradictory point of view on the «12 steps addiction recovery» program. The non-diegetic impersonal narrator (according to V. Shmid classification) introduces the second plot line devoted to the two gangsters who have set out from Liverpool on a mission to find and punish the one-armed man for a past misdeed. Their continual dialog sometimes is interrupted by the omnipresent narrator voice who conveys in form of indirect speech one of the gangster`s thoughts and his perceptive and ideological «point of view». A Griffiths`s fictional space can be divided on close/open, secular/sacral, everyday/non-everyday types. In the novel Wales natural world is opposed to any closed and narrow spaces. One-armed protagonist fills himself free and happy in the open space, where he communicates with birds, animals and meets a pantheistic God. Oppositely, two gangsters are afraid of open space in the middle of dangerous nature of Wales, when they leave native Liverpool. Having the works of K. Jaspers and M. Merleau-Ponty as the basis for our research, we conclude that the body for one-armed hero is an existential and temporal border, which transforms each moment of his life into an endless «boundary situation» (germ. Grenzsituation, according to K. Jaspers). A journey to unknown Wales gives a start to personal transfo
本文介绍了当代威尔士英语作家尼尔·格里菲斯的第四部小说《树桩》(2004)的诗学研究。尼尔·格里菲斯(Niall Griffiths)的早期作品一直与当代英国小说的偏离中心倾向联系在一起,与苏格兰作家欧文·威尔士(Irvine Welsh)、詹姆斯·凯尔曼(James Kelman)、约翰·金(John King)等人的小说联系在一起。本研究试图证明威尔士作家不只是表达社会边缘群体的问题,以及令人震惊和禁忌的话题。同时,为了克服对格里菲斯小说中“殖民他者”、“残疾形式”等概念的普遍后殖民研究方法,作者提出了存在主义哲学作为本研究的方法论基础。本研究集中于格里菲斯小说《树桩》中人类在世界中的中心问题,即人类在日常世界中的生活。理解“日常生活”,“日常生活”作为普通的,例行的生活,充满了日常自动的人类行为(根据B. Waldenfels),作者旨在考虑日常生活的边界和克服日常生活边界的经验在小说中讨论。分析表明,小说的叙事结构结合了多种叙事模式和叙事形式。带有意识碎片的内心独白是代表第一条情节线的形式,主要讲述了因坏疽失去左臂的无名酒鬼康复的一天。以第一人称复数形式的“风格间接自由”用于结束每一章专门讨论独臂英雄,并表达他对“12步成瘾康复”计划的矛盾观点。非叙事的非个人叙述者(根据V. Shmid的分类)介绍了第二条情节线,这条情节线专门讲述了两个从利物浦出发的歹徒,他们的任务是找到并惩罚过去犯下罪行的独臂男子。他们持续的对话有时会被无所不在的叙述者的声音打断,叙述者的声音以间接言语的形式传达了一个歹徒的思想和他的感知和意识形态的“观点”。格里菲斯的小说空间可以划分为封闭/开放、世俗/神圣、日常/非日常类型。在小说《威尔士》中,自然世界反对任何封闭和狭窄的空间。独臂的主人公在开阔的空间里自由快乐地生活着,在那里他与鸟类、动物交流,遇见了一个泛神论的上帝。相反,当他们离开家乡利物浦时,两个歹徒害怕威尔士危险的自然中间的开放空间。以雅斯贝尔斯和梅洛-庞蒂的作品为研究基础,我们得出结论:独臂英雄的身体是一个存在的和时间的边界,它把他生命中的每一刻都变成了一个无止境的“边界情境”(germ)。(根据K. Jaspers的说法)。前往未知的威尔士的旅程开始了其中一个歹徒阿拉斯泰尔的个人转变。跨越地理边界成为阿拉斯泰尔存在的“边界情境”。因此,真实存在的动机、存在的自我同一性、与超验的相遇,都与克服日常的经验、跨越日常的边界有关。
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引用次数: 0
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ТЕРИТОРІЇ США АВТОРАМИ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНОЇ ІСТОРІЇ У ВИПАДКУ ПЕРЕМОГИ КРАЇН «ОСІ» В ДРУГІЙ СВІТОВІЙ ВІЙНІ
Pub Date : 2020-12-29 DOI: 10.32589/2411-3883.17.2020.221834
Наталія Криницька
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引用次数: 1
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