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“RS Centenário”: New cultivar of brindle bean with high added value “RS Centenário”:高附加值斑纹豆新品种
Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.36812/pag.2023291103-108
Juliano Garcia Bertoldo, Rodrigo Favreto, Raquel Paz Da Silva, Liege Camargo Da Costa, Rogério Ferreira Aires, Nilton Gabe, Coralia Maria Oliveira Medeiros, Marcelo de Carli Toigo, Sérgio Dias Lannes
To increase productivity, new types of beans that present different characteristics, such as higher grain yieldare necessary. The cultivar RS Centenário is the result of a selection carried out in 2007 using the “Iraí” cultivar, in a plot of genetic seed production. In the 2008 crop season, the seeds of the selected plants originated a segregant population. In 2009, the mass selection was carried out again. After two advancing generations, the phenotypic uniformity of the population was reached and the seeds were harvested in bulk. After several tests, the “SM 0112” lineage was denominated cultivar “RS Centenário” and the results of the assessed at a value for cultivation and use (VCU) trials were used to register the new cultivar. “RS Centenário” was registered as a new cultivar to be commercially grown in the Rio Grande do Sul state (RS), in southern Brazil. “RS Centenário” is a common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar with a brindle seed coat, average weight of 1,000 seeds of 343 g, erect plants, indeterminate growth habit II/III, cycle of 88 days, high added value and average yield of 1,685 kg ha-1.
为了提高生产力,必须培育具有不同特性的新型豆类,例如更高的粮食产量。品种RS Centenário是2007年在一个遗传种子生产小区中使用“Iraí”品种进行选择的结果。在2008年的作物季节,被选中的植物的种子形成了一个分离的种群。2009年,再次进行了大规模选拔。经过两代后,达到群体表型均匀,种子可批量收获。经过多次鉴定,将“sm0112”品系命名为“RS Centenário”,并利用栽培利用价值(VCU)试验评估结果进行了新品系登记。“RS Centenário”已注册为巴西南部南里奥格兰德州(RS)商业种植的新品种。“RS Centenário”是一种普通豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)品种,种皮斑纹,平均1000粒重343克,植株直立,生长习性II/III不定,周期88天,附加值高,平均产量1685 kg ha-1。
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引用次数: 0
Morphoagronomic characterization and reproductive versatility in polymorph clover 多态三叶草的形态农艺特征和生殖多样性
Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.36812/pag.202329192-102
Ionara Fátima Conterato, Jorge Dubal Martins, Madalena Boeni, Joseila Maldaner, Gerusa Pauli Kist Steffen, Rosana Mattos De Morais, Evandro Luiz Missio, Cleber Witt Saldanha, Diego Bitencourt De David
Trifolium polymorphum Poir. is a legume of natural pastures that combines amphicarpy with vegetative reproduction, but with little morphoagronomic information in populations of southern Brazil. In this study, plant height and diameter, number of primary stolons, dry matter, number of inflorescences, number of flowers per inflorescence, number of flowers with legume with seeds, number of flowers without legume or with legume without seeds, seed production, number and dry weight of storage roots were evaluated in populations of T. polymorphum. Little variation was observed for most characteristics, including low dry matter and aerial seed production. There were positive correlations between plant height and dry matter (r = 0.44), plant diameter and dry matter (r = 0.43), number of inflorescences and number of flowers per plant (r = 0.98) and number of inflorescences and seed production (r = 0.84). T. polymorphum presented low dry matter yield, however, the reproductive versatility of the species with the amphicarpic condition combined with vegetative propagation are mechanisms that allow the species to increase its frequency and contribution in natural pastures.
多形三叶草是一种天然牧场的豆科植物,结合了两性繁殖和营养繁殖,但在巴西南部的种群中几乎没有形态农艺信息。本研究通过对多形土居群的株高、株径、初生匍匐茎数、干物质、花序数、单花序花数、带种子豆科花数、不带豆科花数、带种子豆科花数、带种子豆科花数、带种子豆科花数、带种子豆科花数和带种子豆科花数、种子产量、贮藏根数和干重进行了评价。在大多数性状上,包括低干物质和气生种子产量变化不大。株高与干物质(r = 0.44)、株径与干物质(r = 0.43)、花序数与单株花数(r = 0.98)、花序数与种子产量(r = 0.84)呈显著正相关。多形草的干物质产量较低,但多形草的生殖多样性和双性繁殖与无性繁殖相结合是其在天然草场中出现频率和贡献增加的机制。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing arthropod communities through plant diversified edge of kale cultivation 羽衣甘蓝植物多样性栽培对节肢动物群落的促进作用
Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.36812/pag.202329177-91
R. M. de Morais, A. F. D. De Morais, Vicente Guilherme Handte, Artur Fernando Poffo Costa, C. W. Saldanha, G. Steffen, E. Missio, Joseila Madaner, B. D. O. Filho
Plant diversification can increase organism abundance while reducing phytophagous insect activity in agricultural crops. We assessed arthropod diversity in fava beans (Vicia faba), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), and marigolds (Tagetes patula) along the periphery of a kale plantation and examined the influence of their proximity to the kale cultivation. The study took place at the Centro Estadual de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Florestal, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. We collected plant samples from the periphery and cultivated kale plants at three distances from the edge: within two meters, 10 to 12 meters, and 20 to 22 meters. We recorded the number and biomass of marketable leaves from three harvests. A total of 618 arthropods were collected from plants along the periphery: Insecta (589), Arachnida (20), and Entognatha (9). Hemiptera was the most prevalent order (49.84%). Kale plants near the periphery experienced less predation from leaf beetles. Plants along the periphery hosted important predator groups as well as phytophages that can serve as alternative prey. Diversifying the periphery with fennel, fava bean, and marigolds shows promise as a strategy to enhance the arthropod community in kale cultivation, thereby acting as a conservative biological control.
植物多样化可以增加农作物中生物的丰度,同时减少食植物昆虫的活动。本研究评估了甘蓝种植周边蚕豆(Vicia faba)、茴香(Foeniculum vulgare)和万寿菊(Tagetes patula)的节肢动物多样性,并研究了它们与甘蓝种植的邻近性对节肢动物多样性的影响。这项研究是在巴西圣马丽亚国立花卉中心Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Florestal进行的。我们从外围采集植物样本,并在距离边缘2米、10 ~ 12米和20 ~ 22米三个距离种植羽衣甘蓝植株。我们记录了三次收获的可销售叶片的数量和生物量。共采集到节肢动物618只,其中昆虫目589只,蜘蛛目20只,舌蛛目9只,半翅目最多,占49.84%。靠近边缘的羽衣甘蓝植株较少受到叶甲虫的捕食。沿着边缘的植物承载着重要的捕食者群体,以及可以作为替代猎物的植噬体。以茴香、蚕豆和万寿菊为外围植物,可作为羽衣甘蓝种植节肢动物群落的保护性生物防治策略。
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引用次数: 0
Reference values for vineyard nutrients in the Campanha Region estimated by the Mathematical Chance method 用数学机会法估算坎潘哈地区葡萄园养分的参考值
Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.36812/pag.202329162-76
B. Lisboa, Fabrício Domingues, J. S. Aguila, T. Tiecher, J. F. B. S. São José, Gabriela Naibo, A. D. Abichequer, L. K. Vargas
Viticulture in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the southernmost state of Brazil, has been changing due to its expansion to new areas in the Campanha Region. Located in the south of the state, these areas have different edaphoclimatic conditions from those existing in the Serra Gaúcha, traditional production region. Thus, the estimation of reference values for leaf nutrient contents specific for the conditions of the Campanha is essential for the correct management of vineyards. Methods such as Mathematical Chance (MCh) enable the determination of sufficiency levels of leaf nutrients by evaluating commercial production areas. This work aimed to estimate reference values for nutrients in leaf tissue of grapevines in the region of Campanha by using the MCh method. Nutritional sufficiency ranges differed from those estimated by the official research for the state. However, they revealed high similarity with the results obtained by other studies carried out in the Campanha Region by using DRIS and CND approaches. Our results demonstrated that the MCh was able to estimate the infra- and supra-optimal limits, as well as the optimal levels for nutrients, indicating that there is potential for foliar diagnosis of vineyards in RS to be performed based on regionalized parameters.
巴西最南端的南里奥格兰德州(RS)的葡萄种植业由于向坎帕尼亚地区的新地区扩张而发生了变化。这些地区位于该州南部,与传统生产区Serra Gaúcha的生态环境气候条件不同。因此,估计坎帕尼亚条件下特定的叶片营养成分参考值对于葡萄园的正确管理至关重要。数学机会(MCh)等方法能够通过评估商业生产区来确定叶片营养物质的充足水平。本工作旨在利用MCh方法估算坎帕尼亚地区葡萄藤叶组织营养物质的参考值。营养充足范围与该州官方研究估计的范围不同。然而,它们与坎帕尼亚地区使用DRIS和CND方法进行的其他研究结果高度相似。我们的研究结果表明,MCh能够估计次优和超优极限,以及营养素的最佳水平,这表明有可能根据区域化参数对RS中的葡萄园进行叶面诊断。
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引用次数: 0
BovCria: an application designed to assist breeders in the assessment of beef cattle herds BovCria:一个旨在帮助饲养者评估肉牛群的应用程序
Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.36812/pag.202329148-61
A. Tarouco, Willian De Vargas, E. Soares, Felipe de Assis Ribeiro, L. Cavalli
The aim of this study was to develop a technological tool in the form of a mobile application that provides functionalities for the easy calculation of reproductive and productive efficiency indices. This tool aims to assist breeders, technicians, and students of agricultural sciences in decision-making for the challenges faced in cattle production systems. The application was developed using the Android Studio development environment and the Dart programming language framework known as Flutter. The application's graphical interface follows Google guidelines in the Material Design documentation. The tool will provide a practical way to calculate recognized indexes of productive efficiency of cow-calf systems and provide information such as goals and management tips to help users achieve better results. The impact of the developed product is its use as an information platform, facilitating decision-making in the area of beef cattle production and as an efficient means of disseminating technologies generated by research institutions and popularizing science. Thus, the application is an accessible and comprehensible tool, providing a means of evaluating the technologies and management practices adopted in beef cattle farms.
这项研究的目的是开发一种移动应用程序形式的技术工具,该工具提供了方便计算生殖和生产效率指数的功能。该工具旨在帮助饲养者、技术人员和农业科学专业的学生应对畜牧生产系统面临的挑战。该应用程序是使用Android Studio开发环境和名为Flutter的Dart编程语言框架开发的。该应用程序的图形界面遵循谷歌在材料设计文档中的指导方针。该工具将提供一种实用的方法来计算公认的小牛系统生产效率指标,并提供目标和管理技巧等信息,帮助用户获得更好的结果。所开发产品的影响是,它被用作一个信息平台,促进肉牛生产领域的决策,并作为传播研究机构产生的技术和普及科学的有效手段。因此,该应用程序是一个易于使用和理解的工具,为评估肉牛养殖场采用的技术和管理实践提供了一种手段。
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引用次数: 0
Thermal comfort zoning and its impact on dairy production in Rio Grande do Sul state, Southern Brazil 巴西南部南里奥格兰德州的热舒适分区及其对乳制品生产的影响
Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.36812/pag.202329132-47
G. Pauletti, W. Silvestre
Thermal comfort is one of the main factors that influence the productivity of dairy cattle. The temperature-humidity index (THI) is one of the most used indicators to evaluate thermal comfort levels. This work aimed to evaluate the levels of thermal comfort for bovine dairy production in Rio Grande do Sul state through the THI calculation and its impact on milk production, considering daily yields of 15 kg and 30 kg per cow. The THI values and decrease in milk yield were calculated using data between 1990 and 2021 from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). The observed results considering the average temperatures showed that conditions of thermal discomfort occur only in summer, intensifying in January. Milk production was most affected in the western border region of the state, corresponding in parts to the physiographic regions of Alto Uruguai, Missões, and Campanha, which have a warmer climate. The climate classification proposed by Maluf had the best spatial correspondence with the ITU. This classification may be used in the evaluation of places with greater suitability for dairy farming in the state and to indicate places where it is necessary to implement action to mitigate the effects of thermal discomfort in dairy cattle.
热舒适性是影响奶牛生产性能的主要因素之一。温湿度指数(THI)是评估热舒适度水平最常用的指标之一。这项工作旨在通过THI计算评估南里奥格兰德州奶牛生产的热舒适水平及其对牛奶生产的影响,考虑到每头牛的日产量为15公斤和30公斤。THI值和产奶量的下降是使用美国国家气象研究所(INMET)1990年至2021年间的数据计算的。考虑到平均温度的观察结果表明,热不适只在夏天发生,在一月份加剧。该州西部边境地区的牛奶生产受到的影响最大,部分地区与气候变暖的上乌拉圭、米斯和坎帕尼亚的自然地理区域相对应。马鲁夫提出的气候分类与国际电联的空间对应性最好。该分类可用于评估该州更适合奶牛养殖的地方,并指出有必要采取行动减轻奶牛热不适影响的地方。
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引用次数: 0
Productivity and nutritional value of elephant grass BRS Kurumi subjected to different proportions of defoliation 象草BRS Kurumi在不同落叶比例下的生产力和营养价值
Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.36812/pag.202329116-31
Patricia Pinto Da Rosa, Bianca Pio Ávila, R. B. Scheibler, A. B. Kröning, Janaína Sauthier, Guilherme Henrique Scheffler, Jorge Schafhauser Junior, O. Ferreira
The objective of this paper was to evaluate productivity, nutritional value of forage and tillering of elephant grass cv. BRS Kurumi under different pre-defoliation and post-defoliation canopy heights (residual height). The experimental design consisted in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. Treatments corresponded to the factorial combination of two pre‐defoliation heights (60 and 80 cm) and three post-defoliation residue heights (10, 25 and 40 cm), combined in factorial design 2 x 3, being, respectively, 60 x 10 cm; 60 x 25 cm; 60 x 40 cm; 80 x 10 cm; 80 x 25 cm; 80 x 40 cm. Productive, bromatological, carbohydrate fractionation and in situ degradability characteristics were evaluated. Results indicated that if the objective is to seek short intervals between grazing, associated with higher forage quality, the 60 x 25, 60 x 40 and 80 x 40 managements are the most indicated ones. For maximum forage productivity, 80 x 10 and 80 x 25 are the most recommended ones. For tillering, a canopy height management of 80 cm is preferred, with 80 x 25 for aerial tillers and 80 x 40 for basal tillers.
本文旨在评价象草的生产力、营养价值和分蘖情况。不同伐前和伐后冠层高度(残高)下的黑桫椤生长特征。实验设计为随机完全区组设计,4个重复。处理对应于两个落叶前高度(60和80 cm)和三个落叶后残留物高度(10、25和40 cm)的因子组合,在因子设计2 × 3中组合,分别为60 × 10 cm;60 × 25厘米;60 × 40厘米;80 × 10厘米;80 × 25厘米;80 × 40厘米。评价了生产、色谱、碳水化合物分馏和原位降解特性。结果表明,如果目标是寻求较短的放牧间隔,与较高的饲料质量相关,60 × 25、60 × 40和80 × 40管理是最理想的管理方式。为了获得最大的牧草生产能力,推荐使用80 × 10和80 × 25。对于分蘖,冠层高度管理最好为80厘米,气分蘖为80 × 25厘米,基分蘖为80 × 40厘米。
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引用次数: 0
Insecticidal activity of lemongrass essential oil and its major compounds on velvet caterpillar 柠檬草精油及其主要化合物对毛毛虫的杀虫活性
Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.36812/pag.20232911-15
C. B. Vicenço, W. Silvestre, G. Pauletti
The present work aimed to evaluate the insecticidal activity of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and its major compounds (citral and myrcene) on Anticarsia gemmatalis. The essential oil, citral, myrcene, and a mixture of citral and myrcene were tested at the concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 % v/v, plus two negative controls (distilled water and Tween-80® 0.5 % v/v) and a positive control (novaluron 0.075 % w/v). Insect mortality was evaluated in 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. According to the results, C. citratus essential oil and the citral-myrcene mixture at 0.9 % v/v were effective in the control of A. gemmatalis, with 96 % and 88 % mortality, respectively, in the first 24 h. At this concentration, citral caused 100 % mortality after 72 h, whereas myrcene had no effect on the caterpillars even after 96 h of exposure. Thus, C. citratus essential oil can be a potential option for the alternative control of A. gemmatalis.
本工作旨在评价香茅精油及其主要化合物(柠檬醛和月桂烯)对金星虫的杀虫活性。在0.1、0.3、0.5、0.7和0.9%v/v的浓度下,对精油、柠檬醛、月桂烯以及柠檬醛和月桂烯的混合物进行测试,再加上两个阴性对照(蒸馏水和Tween-80®0.5%v/v)和一个阳性对照(novaluron 0.075%w/v)。在24、48、72和96小时内评估昆虫死亡率。结果表明,柠檬曲霉精油和柠檬醛-月桂烯混合物在0.9%v/v下对金黄色葡萄球菌的控制效果良好,在最初的24小时内死亡率分别为96%和88%。在这个浓度下,柠檬醛在72小时后导致100%的死亡率,而月桂烯即使在暴露96小时后也对毛毛虫没有影响。因此,C.citratus精油可以作为一种潜在的替代品来控制金黄色葡萄球菌。
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引用次数: 0
A scientific review on the correlation of the silver nanoparticle synthesis methods with host cytotoxicity 银纳米粒子合成方法与宿主细胞毒性相关性的科学综述
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.36812/pag.2022281217-236
Mariana Homem de Mello Santos, G. Nakazato, Thiago Hideo Endo, R. Kobayashi
Silver nanoparticles have been extensively researched and have several applications such as antimicrobial and anticancer, and can be used in the agricultural, biomedical, pharmaceutical, textile area, among others, but its toxicity is still little understood. Nanoparticles can measure between 1 – 100 nm and the most currently studied is the silver nanoparticle (AgNP). The main methods of synthesis are the chemical and the biogenic pathway, or green, which is less environmentally polluting, more environmentally friendly, and simpler, although standardization is more complex. Morphological and physical-chemical characteristics differ according to the synthesis method and, consequently, present different degrees of toxicity. Nanotoxicology studies the toxicity of nanoparticles on living organisms and scientists seek to know about the physical-chemical properties and their influence on interaction with the environment. It is known that there are several parameters that influence toxicity, such as dose, particle size, shape, morphology, surface chemistry, agglomeration/aggregation state, synthesis method, cell type and organism in which it is tested. Therefore, this article aims to address the main ways of synthesis of AgNPs, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method, the parameters that influence toxicity and examples of studies.
银纳米颗粒已被广泛研究,具有抗菌和抗癌等多种应用,可用于农业、生物医学、制药、纺织等领域,但其毒性仍知之甚少。纳米颗粒的尺寸可以在1–100 nm之间,目前研究最多的是银纳米颗粒(AgNP)。主要的合成方法是化学和生物途径,或绿色,这对环境污染较小,更环保,更简单,尽管标准化更复杂。形态和物理化学特征因合成方法而异,因此呈现不同程度的毒性。纳米毒理学研究纳米颗粒对生物体的毒性,科学家们试图了解其物理化学性质及其对与环境相互作用的影响。众所周知,有几个参数会影响毒性,如剂量、粒度、形状、形态、表面化学、凝聚/聚集状态、合成方法、细胞类型和测试生物体。因此,本文旨在介绍AgNPs的主要合成方法,讨论每种方法的优缺点、影响毒性的参数以及研究实例。
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引用次数: 0
Performance and carcass yield of silver catfish raised in monosex and mixed-sex systems 单性和混合性养殖银鲶鱼的性能和胴体产量
Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.36812/pag.2022281206-216
Hanna Karolyna Dos Santos, R. E. Balen, P. S. Dias, Émerson José Alves Matos, F. Meurer
Abstract - An experiment lasting 180 days was carried out to evaluate the influence of sex on the performance and production of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) when reared in closed recirculation systems using only males, only females, or with both genders. A total of 300 fish (41.49 ± 6.82 g and 16.53 ± 0.95 cm) were used, comprising 150 females and 150 males distributed in an experimental structure consisting of three closed water recirculation systems coupled to a 20,000 L culture tank and a 20,000 L biofiltration tank connected by a 3,500 L h-1 water pump. The first system contained 100 females, the second, 100 males, and the third, 50 females and 50 males. High fish weight variations were observed regardless of sex. Female weight gains and specific growth rates were 41.51 % and 28.94 % higher compared to males, respectively, exhibiting greater growth than males raised monosexually or in mixed rearing systems, with no effect on chemical composition or trunk yield. The findings thus indicate that both male and female silver catfish exhibit wide weight variations and females that gain more biomass than males reared monosexually or in mixed-sex systems.
摘要-进行了一项持续180天的实验,以评估在封闭再循环系统中饲养时,性别对银鲶鱼(Rhamdia quelen)性能和产量的影响,该系统仅使用雄性、雌性或两性。总共使用了300条鱼(41.49±6.82克和16.53±0.95厘米),包括150只雌性和150只雄性,分布在一个实验结构中,该实验结构由三个封闭的水再循环系统组成,该系统连接到一个20000升的培养箱和一个由3500升h-1水泵连接的20000升生物过滤箱。第一个系统包含100只雌性,第二个系统包含了100只雄性,第三个系统包含50只雌性和50只雄性。观察到,无论性别,鱼的体重变化都很大。雌性体重增加和比生长率分别比雄性高41.51%和28.94%,表现出比单性饲养或混合饲养系统中饲养的雄性更大的生长,对化学成分或树干产量没有影响。因此,研究结果表明,雄性和雌性银鲶鱼的体重差异很大,雌性比单性或混合性饲养的雄性获得更多的生物量。
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引用次数: 0
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Pesquisa Agropecuaria Gaucha
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