Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. 1995 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference Proceedings. 6th International VNIS. A Ride into the Future最新文献
Pub Date : 1995-07-30DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1995.518813
L. K. Lee, M. Zachariah, P. Everett
Closed circuit television (CCTV) is an essential element of visual surveillance for intelligent transportation systems. The primary objective of a CCTV camera is to provide surveillance of freeway/highway segments or intersections and visual confirmation of incidents. CCTV is becoming more popular in major metropolitan areas around the USA. Since full coverage of all freeways or all intersections in an urban area would be cost-prohibitive, siting of CCTV cameras needs to be determined strategically based on a number of factors. This paper addresses these factors based on design experience in locating over 100 cameras on freeways and surface streets in California, with suggested guidelines for camera site selection. The preliminary and final camera site selection process is discussed. The innovative design and operation of the CCTV video van which is used in the video survey is also discussed as an alternative to bucket truck surveys.
{"title":"CCTV camera site selection: a field experience","authors":"L. K. Lee, M. Zachariah, P. Everett","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1995.518813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1995.518813","url":null,"abstract":"Closed circuit television (CCTV) is an essential element of visual surveillance for intelligent transportation systems. The primary objective of a CCTV camera is to provide surveillance of freeway/highway segments or intersections and visual confirmation of incidents. CCTV is becoming more popular in major metropolitan areas around the USA. Since full coverage of all freeways or all intersections in an urban area would be cost-prohibitive, siting of CCTV cameras needs to be determined strategically based on a number of factors. This paper addresses these factors based on design experience in locating over 100 cameras on freeways and surface streets in California, with suggested guidelines for camera site selection. The preliminary and final camera site selection process is discussed. The innovative design and operation of the CCTV video van which is used in the video survey is also discussed as an alternative to bucket truck surveys.","PeriodicalId":337008,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. 1995 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference Proceedings. 6th International VNIS. A Ride into the Future","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121691369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-07-30DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1995.518878
M. L. Hancock, T. Maze, K. Waggoner
This paper summarizes some of the results of the first phase of a research project which is identifying multi-state institutional issues to the application of intelligent transportation systems to commercial vehicle operations. The analysis is conducted through the use of a case study of issues involving the State of Iowa, USA, and the six states adjacent to Iowa. Later phases of this same research project will seek to identify solutions to the institutional issues identified. Unfortunately, these multi-state institutional issues appear highly problematic.
{"title":"InstitutionaI issues which act as barriers to multi-state applications of intelligent transportation systems for commercial vehicle operation","authors":"M. L. Hancock, T. Maze, K. Waggoner","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1995.518878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1995.518878","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes some of the results of the first phase of a research project which is identifying multi-state institutional issues to the application of intelligent transportation systems to commercial vehicle operations. The analysis is conducted through the use of a case study of issues involving the State of Iowa, USA, and the six states adjacent to Iowa. Later phases of this same research project will seek to identify solutions to the institutional issues identified. Unfortunately, these multi-state institutional issues appear highly problematic.","PeriodicalId":337008,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. 1995 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference Proceedings. 6th International VNIS. A Ride into the Future","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127817169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-07-30DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1995.518819
A. Kirson
This paper describes a compact driver interface (CDI) for an in-vehicle navigation and route guidance system. The CDI consists of a partially flexible display device, a voice output subsystem, and a driver input device. The display device, which may be mounted in the dashboard or the headliner, is spatially removed from the input device, which is mounted in or near the armrest. Despite its small size, the CDI can comfortably accommodate the features required for route guidance and is easy to operate.
{"title":"A compact driver interface for navigation and route guidance","authors":"A. Kirson","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1995.518819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1995.518819","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a compact driver interface (CDI) for an in-vehicle navigation and route guidance system. The CDI consists of a partially flexible display device, a voice output subsystem, and a driver input device. The display device, which may be mounted in the dashboard or the headliner, is spatially removed from the input device, which is mounted in or near the armrest. Despite its small size, the CDI can comfortably accommodate the features required for route guidance and is easy to operate.","PeriodicalId":337008,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. 1995 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference Proceedings. 6th International VNIS. A Ride into the Future","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131902366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-07-30DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1995.518828
C. T. Marcus, R. Stack
This paper presents how task analysis, standard operating procedures, and interface prototyping have been used in the design and implementation of the Operator Console Workstations at the Central Artery/Third Harbor Tunnel project's operations control center. Each of these three elements has played a key role in ensuring that the final operator interface to a complex control system is one which is robust, user-friendly, and minimizes the risk of operator error.
{"title":"The design and implementation of the operator console workstations at the Central Artery/Third Harbor Tunnel project's operations control center","authors":"C. T. Marcus, R. Stack","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1995.518828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1995.518828","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents how task analysis, standard operating procedures, and interface prototyping have been used in the design and implementation of the Operator Console Workstations at the Central Artery/Third Harbor Tunnel project's operations control center. Each of these three elements has played a key role in ensuring that the final operator interface to a complex control system is one which is robust, user-friendly, and minimizes the risk of operator error.","PeriodicalId":337008,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. 1995 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference Proceedings. 6th International VNIS. A Ride into the Future","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132332247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-07-30DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1995.518865
T. Horan, R. T. Barnes
This article reports on a study to assess public acceptance issues pertaining to an Automated Highway System (AHS). AHS is a major new program initiative by the US Department of Transportation to develop a prototype of a surface transportation system which assigns vehicle control to a combination of infrastructure and vehicle technologies. Given the revolutionary nature of such a system, this study investigated issues the public could raise regarding both the user and community acceptance. The four focus groups which were conducted as part of the study raised a host of possible positive and adverse features of the system which should be addressed as part of the development program.
{"title":"Public acceptance of automated highways: results from national focus groups","authors":"T. Horan, R. T. Barnes","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1995.518865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1995.518865","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports on a study to assess public acceptance issues pertaining to an Automated Highway System (AHS). AHS is a major new program initiative by the US Department of Transportation to develop a prototype of a surface transportation system which assigns vehicle control to a combination of infrastructure and vehicle technologies. Given the revolutionary nature of such a system, this study investigated issues the public could raise regarding both the user and community acceptance. The four focus groups which were conducted as part of the study raised a host of possible positive and adverse features of the system which should be addressed as part of the development program.","PeriodicalId":337008,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. 1995 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference Proceedings. 6th International VNIS. A Ride into the Future","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114699810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-07-30DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1995.518818
R. Kuhne, K. Langbein-Euchner
The dual mode route guidance system (DMRG), as a combination of the autonomous route guidance system and infrastructure supported dynamic guidance system, is tested with respect to functionality and feasibility in Stuttgart, Germany. For the calculation of the travel time savings in order to assess the system, the Southern corridor of Stuttgart is investigated. The approach images all relevant traffic issues and discriminates groups of drivers in dependence of familiarity with the area and equipment rate. The calculation was carried out with a macroscopic assignment model. On an inbound two-lane carriageway, an incident was simulated which affected the complete flow bundle passing the erected bottleneck. Depending on the equipment rate, 20-50% travel time savings were achieved. Similar calculations were carried out for a big evening event in a downtown stadium and "Octoberfest" area attracting 10,000 additional vehicles which resulted in a travel time increase quantified in dependence of the equipment rate.
{"title":"Calculation of travel time savings by dual mode route guidance for the South corridor in the Stuttgart test field","authors":"R. Kuhne, K. Langbein-Euchner","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1995.518818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1995.518818","url":null,"abstract":"The dual mode route guidance system (DMRG), as a combination of the autonomous route guidance system and infrastructure supported dynamic guidance system, is tested with respect to functionality and feasibility in Stuttgart, Germany. For the calculation of the travel time savings in order to assess the system, the Southern corridor of Stuttgart is investigated. The approach images all relevant traffic issues and discriminates groups of drivers in dependence of familiarity with the area and equipment rate. The calculation was carried out with a macroscopic assignment model. On an inbound two-lane carriageway, an incident was simulated which affected the complete flow bundle passing the erected bottleneck. Depending on the equipment rate, 20-50% travel time savings were achieved. Similar calculations were carried out for a big evening event in a downtown stadium and \"Octoberfest\" area attracting 10,000 additional vehicles which resulted in a travel time increase quantified in dependence of the equipment rate.","PeriodicalId":337008,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. 1995 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference Proceedings. 6th International VNIS. A Ride into the Future","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117147331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-07-30DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1995.518881
E. Walbridge
In US urban areas automobiles driven to and from work experience severe road congestion, yet possess considerable unutilized people-moving capacity (in the form of empty seats) that could help relieve the congestion. This paper explores the possibility of harnessing this capacity through the use of a computer in each urban area that matches riders and drivers in real-time and is accessed by lightweight pocket-sized wireless telephones. Such a system would provide much greater convenience and flexibility than ridesharing that uses land-line phones to arrange for rides/riders and that requires a rigid commitment to departure times.
{"title":"Real time ridesharing using wireless pocket phones to access the ride matching computer","authors":"E. Walbridge","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1995.518881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1995.518881","url":null,"abstract":"In US urban areas automobiles driven to and from work experience severe road congestion, yet possess considerable unutilized people-moving capacity (in the form of empty seats) that could help relieve the congestion. This paper explores the possibility of harnessing this capacity through the use of a computer in each urban area that matches riders and drivers in real-time and is accessed by lightweight pocket-sized wireless telephones. Such a system would provide much greater convenience and flexibility than ridesharing that uses land-line phones to arrange for rides/riders and that requires a rigid commitment to departure times.","PeriodicalId":337008,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. 1995 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference Proceedings. 6th International VNIS. A Ride into the Future","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124490242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-07-30DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1995.518824
A. Shimojo, H. Takagi, H. Onuma
The purpose of this paper is to understand the problems of cross section design and of methods of providing traffic information by analyzing driving performance and drivers' stated preference in a driving simulation of the very long tunnel (total length approximately 27 km) that is envisaged as one of the future projects under Uchiura Bay in Hokkaido. Twenty subjects participated in the study by using the driving simulator at the Civil Engineering Research Institute (The CERI driving simulator). Trials totaled 160. There was no clear difference in the average driving speed and the average lateral position for different cross section types, partly because visual recognition of the lane markings was good. However, when the right shoulder was narrow (width=0.75 m), more than 70% of the subjects reported that the median wall caused them to experience a negative psychological state. Therefore, to reduce this psychological stress, it is desirable to provide a wider right shoulder in the tunnel. The recognition of longitudinal distance of the subjects while driving through the tunnel seems rougher than for an ordinal tunnel. Thus, it is necessary to place large-sized distance signs at every 5 or 10 km, when one places distance indicators in the tunnel. There is also an increasing need to provide distance information through ITS.
{"title":"A simulation study of driving performance in long tunnel","authors":"A. Shimojo, H. Takagi, H. Onuma","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1995.518824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1995.518824","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to understand the problems of cross section design and of methods of providing traffic information by analyzing driving performance and drivers' stated preference in a driving simulation of the very long tunnel (total length approximately 27 km) that is envisaged as one of the future projects under Uchiura Bay in Hokkaido. Twenty subjects participated in the study by using the driving simulator at the Civil Engineering Research Institute (The CERI driving simulator). Trials totaled 160. There was no clear difference in the average driving speed and the average lateral position for different cross section types, partly because visual recognition of the lane markings was good. However, when the right shoulder was narrow (width=0.75 m), more than 70% of the subjects reported that the median wall caused them to experience a negative psychological state. Therefore, to reduce this psychological stress, it is desirable to provide a wider right shoulder in the tunnel. The recognition of longitudinal distance of the subjects while driving through the tunnel seems rougher than for an ordinal tunnel. Thus, it is necessary to place large-sized distance signs at every 5 or 10 km, when one places distance indicators in the tunnel. There is also an increasing need to provide distance information through ITS.","PeriodicalId":337008,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. 1995 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference Proceedings. 6th International VNIS. A Ride into the Future","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127565791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-07-30DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1995.518887
N. Attoh-Okine, L. D. Shen
Mass transit fare collection has advanced over the last couple of decades from cash and tokens to magnetic stripe cards. Smart cards are emerging as the desirable new fare collection medium because of the numerous problems associated, with the operations and maintenance of the magnetic stripe cards. Smart cards are microprocessor based memory cards with built-in logic all embedded in a chip and contained in a credit card sized plastic carrier. They have the ability to store large amount of data which can be altered and updated by programming. In mass transit applications, smart cards combine the secure, cashless transactions and personalized applications that encourage passengers to use mass transit, while they provide transit authorities with demographic information. Smart cards can be used as debit, credit or stored-value cards for transit. Fraud and fare evasion can also be reduced by adopting the smart cards-based fare systems. The cards are more difficult to counterfeit than tokens or magnetic stripe card, and they can be programmed to prevent immediate re-use. Recent publications indicate that the chip is the principal element in achieving security in the smart card end product. Therefore, security in smart cards application is attained during the initial design by the chip manufacturer where elements of the design may include memory and access control.
{"title":"Security issues of emerging smart cards fare collection application in mass transit","authors":"N. Attoh-Okine, L. D. Shen","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1995.518887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1995.518887","url":null,"abstract":"Mass transit fare collection has advanced over the last couple of decades from cash and tokens to magnetic stripe cards. Smart cards are emerging as the desirable new fare collection medium because of the numerous problems associated, with the operations and maintenance of the magnetic stripe cards. Smart cards are microprocessor based memory cards with built-in logic all embedded in a chip and contained in a credit card sized plastic carrier. They have the ability to store large amount of data which can be altered and updated by programming. In mass transit applications, smart cards combine the secure, cashless transactions and personalized applications that encourage passengers to use mass transit, while they provide transit authorities with demographic information. Smart cards can be used as debit, credit or stored-value cards for transit. Fraud and fare evasion can also be reduced by adopting the smart cards-based fare systems. The cards are more difficult to counterfeit than tokens or magnetic stripe card, and they can be programmed to prevent immediate re-use. Recent publications indicate that the chip is the principal element in achieving security in the smart card end product. Therefore, security in smart cards application is attained during the initial design by the chip manufacturer where elements of the design may include memory and access control.","PeriodicalId":337008,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. 1995 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference Proceedings. 6th International VNIS. A Ride into the Future","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125433981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-07-30DOI: 10.1109/VNIS.1995.518843
C. Taylor, D. Meldrum
A multi-layer perceptron type of artificial neural network predicts congested freeway data while demonstrating robustness to faulty loop detector data. Test results on historical data from the I-5 freeway in Seattle, Washington demonstrate that a neural network can successfully predict volume and occupancy one minute in advance, as well as fill in the gaps for missing data with an appropriate prediction. The volume and occupancy predictions are used as inputs to a fuzzy logic ramp metering algorithm currently under testing.
{"title":"Freeway traffic data prediction using neural networks","authors":"C. Taylor, D. Meldrum","doi":"10.1109/VNIS.1995.518843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNIS.1995.518843","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-layer perceptron type of artificial neural network predicts congested freeway data while demonstrating robustness to faulty loop detector data. Test results on historical data from the I-5 freeway in Seattle, Washington demonstrate that a neural network can successfully predict volume and occupancy one minute in advance, as well as fill in the gaps for missing data with an appropriate prediction. The volume and occupancy predictions are used as inputs to a fuzzy logic ramp metering algorithm currently under testing.","PeriodicalId":337008,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. 1995 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference Proceedings. 6th International VNIS. A Ride into the Future","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129482906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pacific Rim TransTech Conference. 1995 Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference Proceedings. 6th International VNIS. A Ride into the Future
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