Pub Date : 2019-07-17DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.6.02.89-97
Kiki Kusyaeri Hamdani, A. Susila, P. Purwono, Ketty Suketi
Fertigation with drip irrigation is one of the technologies to solve fertilization and irrigation problems in chilli pepper production using polyethylene mulch. Potassium (K) is one of the important macro nutrients that affect plant growth and development due to its roles in the biochemical and the biophysical processes in plants. The objective of this study was to determine the best sources and the optimum rates of potassium for drip irrigated polyethylene mulched chilli pepper field production. The study was conducted in January until July 2018 at Tajur Experimental Farm, Center for Tropical Horticulture Study, Bogor Agricultural University. The experimental design was a split plot with the K sources (KCl, ZK, NPK) as main plots and K rates that consisted of five levels (0, 68, 136, 204, 272 kg K2O. ha-1) as sub-plots. The results showed that the best optimum rate of K to produce fruit is 101.11 kg K2O.ha-1 with a maximum yield of 2.26 t.ha-1. Chilli crops fertilized with NPK and KCl had the greatest fruit weight per plant, fruit weight per plot, and fruit weight per hectare.
滴灌施肥是解决聚乙烯地膜辣椒生产中施肥和灌溉问题的技术之一。钾(K)是影响植物生长发育的重要宏观营养元素之一，它在植物体内的生化和生物物理过程中发挥着重要作用。本研究的目的是确定滴灌聚乙烯膜辣椒生产的最佳钾肥来源和最佳钾肥用量。该研究于2018年1月至7月在茂物农业大学热带园艺研究中心Tajur实验农场进行。试验设计以KCl、ZK、NPK为主要钾源，分5个水平(0、68、136、204、272 kg K2O)为试验区。Ha-1)作为子情节。结果表明，最适钾用量为101.11 kg K2O。最高产量为2.26 t.ha-1。施用氮磷钾和氯化钾的辣椒作物单株果重、亩产果重和亩产果重最大。
{"title":"Potassium Sources and Rates for Drip Irrigated Polyethylene Mulched Chilli Pepper","authors":"Kiki Kusyaeri Hamdani, A. Susila, P. Purwono, Ketty Suketi","doi":"10.29244/jtcs.6.02.89-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.6.02.89-97","url":null,"abstract":"Fertigation with drip irrigation is one of the technologies to solve fertilization and irrigation problems in chilli pepper production using polyethylene mulch. Potassium (K) is one of the important macro nutrients that affect plant growth and development due to its roles in the biochemical and the biophysical processes in plants. The objective of this study was to determine the best sources and the optimum rates of potassium for drip irrigated polyethylene mulched chilli pepper field production. The study was conducted in January until July 2018 at Tajur Experimental Farm, Center for Tropical Horticulture Study, Bogor Agricultural University. The experimental design was a split plot with the K sources (KCl, ZK, NPK) as main plots and K rates that consisted of five levels (0, 68, 136, 204, 272 kg K2O. ha-1) as sub-plots. The results showed that the best optimum rate of K to produce fruit is 101.11 kg K2O.ha-1 with a maximum yield of 2.26 t.ha-1. Chilli crops fertilized with NPK and KCl had the greatest fruit weight per plant, fruit weight per plot, and fruit weight per hectare.","PeriodicalId":33751,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Crop Science","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86589341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-18DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.6.01.18-29
A. Cahyo, S. Sahuri, I. S. Nugraha, R. Ardika
To establish rubber plantations smallholders in South Sumatra, Indonesia, plant materials are planted in polybags fi lled with top soil media from the local area. Good quality media is very important to ensure optimal growth of the rubber planting materials. The availability of top soil has become increasingly limited. In order to fulfi ll the need of planting media, cocopeat, which is available in abundance in the area, can potentially be an alternative to top soil. Cocopeat can potentially be used alone, or in combination with other type of media. In this study, cocopeat was mixed with soil at several mixture ratios to determine the best formula of cocopeat based planting media for rubber planting material. The study was conducted from August 2016 to January 2017 in the Nursery of Sembawa Research Centre Experimental Field, Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia. A completely randomized design was employed with six combinations of cocopeat and soil, replicated three times. This study showed that the best mixture ratio is 80% cocopeat and 20% soil, whereas 100% soil or 100% cocopeat is not recommended. The use of cocopeat as planting media should be followed by balanced fertilization in order to provide nutrients that are not available in cocopeat.
{"title":"Cocopeat as Soil Substitute Media for Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) Planting Material","authors":"A. Cahyo, S. Sahuri, I. S. Nugraha, R. Ardika","doi":"10.29244/jtcs.6.01.18-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.6.01.18-29","url":null,"abstract":"To establish rubber plantations smallholders in South Sumatra, Indonesia, plant materials are planted in polybags fi lled with top soil media from the local area. Good quality media is very important to ensure optimal growth of the rubber planting materials. The availability of top soil has become increasingly limited. In order to fulfi ll the need of planting media, cocopeat, which is available in abundance in the area, can potentially be an alternative to top soil. Cocopeat can potentially be used alone, or in combination with other type of media. In this study, cocopeat was mixed with soil at several mixture ratios to determine the best formula of cocopeat based planting media for rubber planting material. The study was conducted from August 2016 to January 2017 in the Nursery of Sembawa Research Centre Experimental Field, Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia. A completely randomized design was employed with six combinations of cocopeat and soil, replicated three times. This study showed that the best mixture ratio is 80% cocopeat and 20% soil, whereas 100% soil or 100% cocopeat is not recommended. The use of cocopeat as planting media should be followed by balanced fertilization in order to provide nutrients that are not available in cocopeat.","PeriodicalId":33751,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Crop Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85767978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-18DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.6.01.67-75
Dwi Fajar Rianto, D. Guntoro, E. Santosa
Weeds are one of the most limiting factors in rice cultivation. This study aims to evaluate the eff ects of rice planting patterns on the prevalence of several weed species, Cyperus iria, Echinochloa crusgalli, Fimbristylis miliacea, Leptochloa chinensis, Ludwigia octovalvis, and Spenoclea zeylanica, and to discuss the implications on rice production systems. The research was conducted in IPB Sawah Baru experimental farm in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, from December 2017 to April 2018. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with two factors, rice varieties and rice planting methods. The rice varieties, “IPB 3S” and “Ciherang”, were assigned as the main plot, whereas planting methods, i.e. 25x25 tile, Legowo 2:1 (double rows), Legowo 4:1 (quadruple rows), as sub-plots. The results showed that in the “IPB 3S” plots L. octovalvis shoot dry weight decreased by 33.0%, the root dry weight of L. chinensis roots decreased by 22.6%, and the number of S. zeylanica weed leaves decreased by 28.4% compared to the plots planted with “Ciherang”. With legowo 2:1 planting method the dry weights of L. octovalvis decreased by 21.5%, L. octovalvis by 1.7%, and L. chinensis by 4.4%, and the number of weeds E. crus-galli by 7.0 % compared to Tegel 25x25 method. L. chinensis seemed to be a dominant weed at both vegetative and generative stage of rice development.
{"title":"Weed Growth and Lowland Rice Production as Affected by Planting Patterns and Rice Varieties","authors":"Dwi Fajar Rianto, D. Guntoro, E. Santosa","doi":"10.29244/jtcs.6.01.67-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.6.01.67-75","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds are one of the most limiting factors in rice cultivation. This study aims to evaluate the eff ects of rice planting patterns on the prevalence of several weed species, Cyperus iria, Echinochloa crusgalli, Fimbristylis miliacea, Leptochloa chinensis, Ludwigia octovalvis, and Spenoclea zeylanica, and to discuss the implications on rice production systems. The research was conducted in IPB Sawah Baru experimental farm in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, from December 2017 to April 2018. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with two factors, rice varieties and rice planting methods. The rice varieties, “IPB 3S” and “Ciherang”, were assigned as the main plot, whereas planting methods, i.e. 25x25 tile, Legowo 2:1 (double rows), Legowo 4:1 (quadruple rows), as sub-plots. The results showed that in the “IPB 3S” plots L. octovalvis shoot dry weight decreased by 33.0%, the root dry weight of L. chinensis roots decreased by 22.6%, and the number of S. zeylanica weed leaves decreased by 28.4% compared to the plots planted with “Ciherang”. With legowo 2:1 planting method the dry weights of L. octovalvis decreased by 21.5%, L. octovalvis by 1.7%, and L. chinensis by 4.4%, and the number of weeds E. crus-galli by 7.0 % compared to Tegel 25x25 method. L. chinensis seemed to be a dominant weed at both vegetative and generative stage of rice development.","PeriodicalId":33751,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Crop Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91283032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-18DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.6.01.17-23
Dede Yudo Kurniawan, A. Junaedi, I. Lubis, T. Sunarti
Temperature is a primary factor that affects the rate of plant development and has great impacts on plant growth, metabolism, and yield. A study was conducted to analyze the effects of elevated temperature on rice morphological and the physiological growth. The research was arranged in a nested randomized block design consisting of two factors, temperatures and rice varieties. Elevated temperatures were provided through the uses of different materials of plastic roof and walls to have an average and maximum temperature of 27.6 °C and 41.6 °C (T1); 28.1°C and 43.8 °C (T2), and 29.5°C and 47.1 C (T3), respectively. The study used three varieties of rice, “Ciasem”, “Ciherang”, and “IR64”. All rice varieties showed signifi cant increases in tiller number per hill and shoot dry weight, but had a decrease in the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and SPAD values at grain fi lling stage with the increasing temperatures. The number of tiller per hill increased when temperature was elevated from 27.6 to 28.1 and 29.5°C by about 29.9 and 21.3%, respectively.
{"title":"Evaluation of Growth and Physiological Responses of Three Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties to Elevated Temperatures","authors":"Dede Yudo Kurniawan, A. Junaedi, I. Lubis, T. Sunarti","doi":"10.29244/jtcs.6.01.17-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.6.01.17-23","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature is a primary factor that affects the rate of plant development and has great impacts on plant growth, metabolism, and yield. A study was conducted to analyze the effects of elevated temperature on rice morphological and the physiological growth. The research was arranged in a nested randomized block design consisting of two factors, temperatures and rice varieties. Elevated temperatures were provided through the uses of different materials of plastic roof and walls to have an average and maximum temperature of 27.6 °C and 41.6 °C (T1); 28.1°C and 43.8 °C (T2), and 29.5°C and 47.1 C (T3), respectively. The study used three varieties of rice, “Ciasem”, “Ciherang”, and “IR64”. All rice varieties showed signifi cant increases in tiller number per hill and shoot dry weight, but had a decrease in the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and SPAD values at grain fi lling stage with the increasing temperatures. The number of tiller per hill increased when temperature was elevated from 27.6 to 28.1 and 29.5°C by about 29.9 and 21.3%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":33751,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Crop Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82395902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Root is the important plant organ hiding below the soil that serves as plant supporting structure, water and nutrient supplier and assimilates storage. Root growth occurs in turn with shoot part, forming repeated cyclic pattern because of the photosynthate competition. Root growth regulation is one of the promising practices to boost the yield of fruit tree, especially citrus that is economically important and highly demanded fruit. Root pruning varied based on the scale of intensity and plant growth stage, including air root pruning, knife root pruning and modern pruning using root pruner machine mounted to a tractor. Root pruning to induce the growth of more fi brous root system and to correct root deformation at seedling stage have potentials to improve post-transplant growth. Besides, it has a potential to replace the use of chemical plant growth regulator for a more environmentally friendly practice. The pruning of root impeded the canopy growth, altered the plant water status leading to fl ower promotion. In addition, it is also a promising practice to overcome the alternate bearing on fruit tree, including citrus, through the suppressing of excessive growth and restricting the high fruit load during the ‘on year’ and allowing a better carbohydrate storage for the improvement of yield during the ‘off year’.
{"title":"A Review of Root Pruning to Regulate Citrus Growth","authors":"R. Budiarto, R. Poerwanto, E. Santosa, D. Efendi","doi":"10.29244/jtcs.6.01.1-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.6.01.1-7","url":null,"abstract":"Root is the important plant organ hiding below the soil that serves as plant supporting structure, water and nutrient supplier and assimilates storage. Root growth occurs in turn with shoot part, forming repeated cyclic pattern because of the photosynthate competition. Root growth regulation is one of the promising practices to boost the yield of fruit tree, especially citrus that is economically important and highly demanded fruit. Root pruning varied based on the scale of intensity and plant growth stage, including air root pruning, knife root pruning and modern pruning using root pruner machine mounted to a tractor. Root pruning to induce the growth of more fi brous root system and to correct root deformation at seedling stage have potentials to improve post-transplant growth. Besides, it has a potential to replace the use of chemical plant growth regulator for a more environmentally friendly practice. The pruning of root impeded the canopy growth, altered the plant water status leading to fl ower promotion. In addition, it is also a promising practice to overcome the alternate bearing on fruit tree, including citrus, through the suppressing of excessive growth and restricting the high fruit load during the ‘on year’ and allowing a better carbohydrate storage for the improvement of yield during the ‘off year’.","PeriodicalId":33751,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Crop Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75191657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-18DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.6.01.50-59
S. Sahuri, A. Cahyo, R. Ardika, I. S. Nugraha, A. Alamsyah, Nurmansyah Nurmansyah
Low prices of rubber has been a serious problem to rubber growers in Indonesia. Rubber-based intercropping systems offers a practical solution to this issue and increasing overall productivity, for example by growing upland rice and maize between the rubber tree rows. This study was aimed to determine the suitable spacing in rubber planting to facilitate long-term rubber-based intercropping systems. A field experiment was established in a smallholder rubber plantation in the Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan with area of 50 ha. Two planting patterns of rubber clone PB260 were tested: (1) single row planting pattern (SR) by 6 m x 3 m, and (2) double row planting pattern (DR) by 18 m x 2 m x 2.5 m. The experiment showed that the girth of the rubber trees with the SR system at the 1st tapping year was slightly larger than that in the DR system, even though statistically it was not signifi cant. The latex yield per tree of SR and DR systems were similar, however, latex yield per hectare of SR system was higher than the DR system due to a higher tree population in the SR system. The DR system was technically suitable for long term intercropping, because when the rubber tree reached 8 to 9-year-old, the light penetration was > 80% at distance of about 4 m from the rubber tree rows. Economically, DR system can increase the added values for rubber farmers because it allows long term intercropping. Rubber-based intercropping with DR system is suitable to be applied, especially by smallholders, with a marginal benefi t cost ratio of around 2.07. Keywords: Hevea, intercropping system, rubber planting pattern, spatial arrangement
橡胶价格低一直是印尼橡胶种植者面临的一个严重问题。以橡胶为基础的间作系统为这个问题提供了一个切实可行的解决方案，并提高了整体生产力，例如在橡胶树行之间种植旱地水稻和玉米。本研究旨在确定橡胶种植的适宜间距，以促进长期橡胶间作系统的发展。在南加里曼丹Tanah Laut Regency的一个面积为50公顷的小农橡胶种植园进行了实地试验。试验了橡胶无品系PB260的两种种植模式:(1)单行种植模式(SR) 6 m × 3 m，(2)双行种植模式(DR) 18 m × 2 m × 2.5 m。试验结果表明，SR制橡胶树采后第1年的周长略大于DR制橡胶树，但在统计学上差异不显著。SR制和DR制的单株乳胶产量基本一致，但SR制的单株乳胶产量高于DR制，这是由于SR制中树木数量较多。DR系统在技术上适合长期间作，橡胶树生长到8 ~ 9岁时，距橡胶树行约4 m处透光率> 80%。从经济上讲，DR制度允许长期间作，可以提高胶农的附加值。橡胶基间作配DR系统适合小农使用，边际效益成本比在2.07左右。关键词:橡胶树;间作制度;橡胶种植模式
{"title":"Modification of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) Spacing for Long-term Intercropping","authors":"S. Sahuri, A. Cahyo, R. Ardika, I. S. Nugraha, A. Alamsyah, Nurmansyah Nurmansyah","doi":"10.29244/jtcs.6.01.50-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.6.01.50-59","url":null,"abstract":"Low prices of rubber has been a serious problem to rubber growers in Indonesia. Rubber-based intercropping systems offers a practical solution to this issue and increasing overall productivity, for example by growing upland rice and maize between the rubber tree rows. This study was aimed to determine the suitable spacing in rubber planting to facilitate long-term rubber-based intercropping systems. A field experiment was established in a smallholder rubber plantation in the Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan with area of 50 ha. Two planting patterns of rubber clone PB260 were tested: (1) single row planting pattern (SR) by 6 m x 3 m, and (2) double row planting pattern (DR) by 18 m x 2 m x 2.5 m. The experiment showed that the girth of the rubber trees with the SR system at the 1st tapping year was slightly larger than that in the DR system, even though statistically it was not signifi cant. The latex yield per tree of SR and DR systems were similar, however, latex yield per hectare of SR system was higher than the DR system due to a higher tree population in the SR system. The DR system was technically suitable for long term intercropping, because when the rubber tree reached 8 to 9-year-old, the light penetration was > 80% at distance of about 4 m from the rubber tree rows. Economically, DR system can increase the added values for rubber farmers because it allows long term intercropping. Rubber-based intercropping with DR system is suitable to be applied, especially by smallholders, with a marginal benefi t cost ratio of around 2.07. Keywords: Hevea, intercropping system, rubber planting pattern, spatial arrangement","PeriodicalId":33751,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Crop Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72735420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-18DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.6.01.60-66
A. Kurniawati, M. Melati, S. Aziz, P. Purwono
The application of organic fertilizer, especially manures, for crop production has long-term effects for soil nutrients availability and improvement of soil structure. The improvement of soil properties involves interactions of various types of microorganism in the soil. The research aimed to study the effects of different types of manures on the diversity of functional soil microbes and its effects on organic green mustard production. The experiment was conducted at IPB organic research field, Cikarawang, Darmaga, Bogor, from April to June 2015. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with two factors; the first factor was types of manure, i.e. chicken, cow, and goat manures; the second factor was manure rates, i.e. 0 and 10 ton.ha-1, so there were six treatments in total, replicated three times. The results showed that chicken manure application resulted in a higher mustard green yield and soil-P content than application of goat manure. The addition 10 ton.ha-1 of manures increased C-organic, N, K, and C/N ratio in soil significantly, but mustard green production was not affected. The diversity of microbe population of the soil treated with all types of manures was high. The addition 10 ton.ha-1 of manures decreased the total number of microbes, but increased the number of cellulose-degrading microbes. The population of cellulose-degrading and phosphate-solubilizing microbes in the soil applied with cow manure was higher than those applied with the other manures.
{"title":"Diversity of Functional Soil Microbes in Manures and Its Effect on Organic Mustard Green (Brassica juncea) Production","authors":"A. Kurniawati, M. Melati, S. Aziz, P. Purwono","doi":"10.29244/jtcs.6.01.60-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.6.01.60-66","url":null,"abstract":"The application of organic fertilizer, especially manures, for crop production has long-term effects for soil nutrients availability and improvement of soil structure. The improvement of soil properties involves interactions of various types of microorganism in the soil. The research aimed to study the effects of different types of manures on the diversity of functional soil microbes and its effects on organic green mustard production. The experiment was conducted at IPB organic research field, Cikarawang, Darmaga, \u0000Bogor, from April to June 2015. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with two factors; the first factor was types of manure, i.e. chicken, cow, and goat manures; the second factor was manure rates, i.e. 0 and 10 ton.ha-1, so there were six treatments in total, replicated three times. \u0000The results showed that chicken manure application resulted in a higher mustard green yield and soil-P content than application of goat manure. The addition 10 ton.ha-1 of manures increased C-organic, \u0000N, K, and C/N ratio in soil significantly, but mustard green production was not affected. The diversity of microbe population of the soil treated with all types of manures was high. The addition 10 ton.ha-1 of manures decreased the total number of microbes, but increased the number of cellulose-degrading microbes. The population of cellulose-degrading and phosphate-solubilizing microbes in the soil applied with cow manure was higher than those applied with the other manures.","PeriodicalId":33751,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Crop Science","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77621154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Different storage methods and management practices of sweet potatoes in Kano state, northwestern Nigeria, were investigated to fi nd out how they may affect the incidence of tuber rot. Three local government areas were selected for the sample collection. In each local government area, two sweet potato farming communities were selected, infected and uninfected tubers were sampled and taken to the laboratory for further studies. Pathogenicity test confi rmed Rhizopus stolonifer as the causal pathogen responsible for tuber rot and this fungus was used for the inoculation of fresh sweet potato tubers in all the storage and management methods used in the experiment. Tubers preserved using ash + sand and fungicide + sand showed the least incidence of tuber rots. Similarly, it was also observed that storage of tubers with sand alone showed a reduction in the severity of the disease across the storage weeks. There was no signifi cant difference in the incidence and severity of tuber rot between the two inoculation methods with both the treatment combinations. Our result showed that the incubation period of R. stolonifer to infect sweet potato tubers started at two days after inoculation with about 25% infection. The result also indicated that none of the tubers treated with fungicide, ash, and eucalyptus sprouted at both the storage weeks, this may be attributed to the possibility of having some inhibitory properties against sprouting.
{"title":"Effect of Storage Methods and Management of Sweet Potato on the Incidence of Tuber Rot Induced by Rhizopus stolonifer in Kano, Nigeria","authors":"B. Edun, Y. Lurwanu, M. Sunusi, R. Aliyu","doi":"10.29244/jtcs.6.01.8-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.6.01.8-16","url":null,"abstract":"Different storage methods and management practices of sweet potatoes in Kano state, northwestern Nigeria, were investigated to fi nd out how they may affect the incidence of tuber rot. Three local government areas were selected for the sample collection. In each local government area, two sweet potato farming communities were selected, infected and uninfected tubers were sampled and taken to the laboratory for further studies. Pathogenicity test confi rmed Rhizopus stolonifer as the causal pathogen responsible for tuber rot and this fungus was used for the inoculation of fresh sweet potato tubers in all the storage and management methods used in the experiment. Tubers preserved using ash + sand and fungicide + sand showed the least incidence of tuber rots. Similarly, it was also observed that storage of tubers with sand alone showed a reduction in the severity of the disease across the storage weeks. There was no signifi cant difference in the incidence and severity of tuber rot between the two inoculation methods with both the treatment combinations. Our result showed that the incubation period of R. stolonifer to infect sweet potato tubers started at two days after inoculation with about 25% infection. The result also indicated that none of the tubers treated with fungicide, ash, and eucalyptus sprouted at both the storage weeks, this may be attributed to the possibility of having some inhibitory properties against sprouting.","PeriodicalId":33751,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Crop Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89343394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-18DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.6.01.30-40
Okky Tiara Sari Dewi, M. Syukur
The consumption of yard long bean in Indonesia is high and it has been increasing continuously, but the production and harvest area has been decreasing. New, superior long bean varieties with higher productivity are required to meet the increasing demands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and yield characters of selected purple and green long bean genotypes. The research was conducted from February to May 2018 in the Madiun district, East Java, Indonesia. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with genotypes as the single factor treatment, replicated three times. Eleven yard long bean genotypes were tested, consisting of four new genotypes, F7-013014- 4U-16-1-1, “F7-013014-4U-16-1-2”, “F7-013014- 4U-16-1-3”, and “F7-013014-7P-4-1-1”, and seven control genotypes, “KP13”, “KP14”, “KP Putih China”, “KP Putih China”, “Borneo”, “Sabrina” and “Parade”. The new genotypes, “F7-013014-4U-16-1-1, “F7- 013014-4U-16-1-2”, “F7-013014-4U-16-1-3”, and “F7-013014-7P-4-1-1” had at least one superior characters compared to the control genotypes, i.e. earlier fl owering and time to harvest, longer leaves, greater pod weight, longer pods, larger pod diameter, and higher contents of anthocyanin, carotene, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll. Keywords: anthocyanin, genotype, pigment, carotene, chlorophyll
印尼长豆消费量高且持续增长，但生产和收获面积不断减少。为了满足日益增长的需求，需要新的、优质的、高产的长豆品种。本研究的目的是评价紫色和绿色长豆基因型的形态和产量性状。该研究于2018年2月至5月在印度尼西亚东爪哇的Madiun区进行。试验采用随机完全区组设计，以基因型为单因素处理，重复3次。共检测了11个码豆基因型，包括4个新基因型F7-013014- 4U-16-1-1、“F7-013014- 4u -16-1-2”、“F7-013014- 4u -1-3”和“F7-013014- 7p -4-1-1”，以及7个对照基因型“KP13”、“KP14”、“KP Putih China”、“KP Putih China”、“Borneo”、“Sabrina”和“Parade”。新基因型“F7-013014- 4u -16-1-1”、“F7- 013014-4U-16-1-2”、“F7-013014- 4u -16-1-3”和“F7-013014- 7p -4-1-1”与对照基因型相比，至少具有一个优势性状，即开花早、收获期早、叶片长、荚果重大、荚果长、荚果直径大、花青素、胡萝卜素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量较高。关键词:花青素，基因型，色素，胡萝卜素，叶绿素
{"title":"Evaluation of Yield and Pigment Content of Eleven Genotypes of Green and Purple Pod Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)","authors":"Okky Tiara Sari Dewi, M. Syukur","doi":"10.29244/jtcs.6.01.30-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.6.01.30-40","url":null,"abstract":"The consumption of yard long bean in Indonesia is high and it has been increasing continuously, but the production and harvest area has been decreasing. New, superior long bean varieties with higher productivity are required to meet the increasing demands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and yield characters of selected purple and green long bean genotypes. The research was conducted from February to May 2018 in the Madiun district, East Java, Indonesia. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with genotypes as the single factor treatment, replicated three times. Eleven yard long bean genotypes were tested, consisting of four new genotypes, F7-013014- 4U-16-1-1, “F7-013014-4U-16-1-2”, “F7-013014- 4U-16-1-3”, and “F7-013014-7P-4-1-1”, and seven control genotypes, “KP13”, “KP14”, “KP Putih China”, “KP Putih China”, “Borneo”, “Sabrina” and “Parade”. The new genotypes, “F7-013014-4U-16-1-1, “F7- 013014-4U-16-1-2”, “F7-013014-4U-16-1-3”, and “F7-013014-7P-4-1-1” had at least one superior characters compared to the control genotypes, i.e. earlier fl owering and time to harvest, longer leaves, greater pod weight, longer pods, larger pod diameter, and higher contents of anthocyanin, carotene, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll. \u0000Keywords: anthocyanin, genotype, pigment, carotene, chlorophyll","PeriodicalId":33751,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Crop Science","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80064258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the parameters that can be measured from the activities of selection is progress selection. The population of a plant which has been selected is expected to be good against a derivative of a crop which was selected. The aim of this research is to study the results of progress selection varieties superior of tomato plants down the generations in the population F2 005001 until F6 005001-4-1-12-3 with a standard tomato cultivar, “Ratna”. The result showed that the selected genotypes have shown improvements over the standard cutivar in terms of weight per fruit, fruit weight per plant, the number of fruits per plant, fruit thickness and the age of harvested plants in the population F2-005001 until F6 005001-4-1-12-3. The mean against the character being observed in the population F2 005001 until F6 005001-4-1-12-3 indicated that the result is better if compared with both parents, P1 (SSH-5 ) and P2 (Intan) and the standard cultivar “Ratna”. The value of heritability a wider sense indicate its value being on each character of being selected, while the value of heritability in a more narrow sense showed a low value on every character. The value of progress against character selection of weights per fruit, the weight of the fruit per plant, the number of fruit per plant, thick flesh fruit and the age of harvest showed increased slow progress in a genotype F2 005001 followed by a period of rapid progress in a genotype F4 005001-4-1 and very slow in a genotype F6 005001-4-1-12-3.
{"title":"Evaluation of Progress Selection of F2 - F6 Population, A Cross between Two Lowland Tomato Genotypes","authors":"Mohammad Wahyu Sautomo, M. Syukur","doi":"10.29244/jtcs.4.1.32-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.4.1.32-40","url":null,"abstract":"One of the parameters that can be measured from the activities of selection is progress selection. The population of a plant which has been selected is expected to be good against a derivative of a crop which was selected. The aim of this research is to study the results of progress selection varieties superior of tomato plants down the generations in the population F2 005001 until F6 005001-4-1-12-3 with a standard tomato cultivar, “Ratna”. The result showed that the selected genotypes have shown improvements over the standard cutivar in terms of weight per fruit, fruit weight per plant, the number of fruits per plant, fruit thickness and the age of harvested plants in the population F2-005001 until F6 005001-4-1-12-3. The mean against the character being observed in the population F2 005001 until F6 005001-4-1-12-3 indicated that the result is better if compared with both parents, P1 (SSH-5 ) and P2 (Intan) and the standard cultivar “Ratna”. The value of heritability a wider sense indicate its value being on each character of being selected, while the value of heritability in a more narrow sense showed a low value on every character. The value of progress against character selection of weights per fruit, the weight of the fruit per plant, the number of fruit per plant, thick flesh fruit and the age of harvest showed increased slow progress in a genotype F2 005001 followed by a period of rapid progress in a genotype F4 005001-4-1 and very slow in a genotype F6 005001-4-1-12-3.","PeriodicalId":33751,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Crop Science","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83959617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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