M. Dugonjić, A. Đorđević, Slađana Golubović, Svjetlana Radmanović
The impact of various types of uses of Pseudogley soils in southern Mačva and Pocerina on the iraggregate distribution and stability was studied on soil samples collected from profiles under forest, meadow and arable land, at three localities. The aggregate composition and stability were determined by Savinov'smethod. The soil structure was assessed by using Revut's coefficient of soil structure (Ks) and Vershinin's coefficient of soil aggregate structure (K A). The results show that the studied Pseudogley soils are characterized by an unfavorable structure, while the type of land use has a significant impact on the aggregate composition and stability, especially in surface Ah and Ahp horizons, where these differences are the most pronounced. The most favorable aggregate composition and highest wet-stability are found in Pseudogley profiles under forest vegetation. The aggregate distribution of meadow profiles was intermediate and of arable land the poorest. Statistical analysis of the collected data shows that Ks values, determined by dry sieving, were the highest in forest profiles (2.261.21 on average), while the values for meadow were 1.591.09 and of arable land 1.140.62. The values of K A , used to assess the aggregate stability to water, also show that forest Pseudogleys have the highest average values (2.051.03), followed by meadow (1.96 0.99) and cultivated soils (1.931.22). The results of correlation analysis indicate that Ks is negatively correlated with clay, pH value and base saturation, but positively correlated with soil humus (r=-0.77,-0.70,-0.81 and 0.79, respectively, p<0.01). Conversely, K A is negatively correlated with humus and positively correlated with clay, pH value and base saturation (r=-0.21, 0.82, 0.69 and 0.69, respectively, p<0.01).
{"title":"Land use impact on soil structure of Pseudogleys in southern Mačva and Pocerina, Serbia","authors":"M. Dugonjić, A. Đorđević, Slađana Golubović, Svjetlana Radmanović","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2201001d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2201001d","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of various types of uses of Pseudogley soils in southern Mačva and Pocerina on the iraggregate distribution and stability was studied on soil samples collected from profiles under forest, meadow and arable land, at three localities. The aggregate composition and stability were determined by Savinov'smethod. The soil structure was assessed by using Revut's coefficient of soil structure (Ks) and Vershinin's coefficient of soil aggregate structure (K A). The results show that the studied Pseudogley soils are characterized by an unfavorable structure, while the type of land use has a significant impact on the aggregate composition and stability, especially in surface Ah and Ahp horizons, where these differences are the most pronounced. The most favorable aggregate composition and highest wet-stability are found in Pseudogley profiles under forest vegetation. The aggregate distribution of meadow profiles was intermediate and of arable land the poorest. Statistical analysis of the collected data shows that Ks values, determined by dry sieving, were the highest in forest profiles (2.261.21 on average), while the values for meadow were 1.591.09 and of arable land 1.140.62. The values of K A , used to assess the aggregate stability to water, also show that forest Pseudogleys have the highest average values (2.051.03), followed by meadow (1.96 0.99) and cultivated soils (1.931.22). The results of correlation analysis indicate that Ks is negatively correlated with clay, pH value and base saturation, but positively correlated with soil humus (r=-0.77,-0.70,-0.81 and 0.79, respectively, p<0.01). Conversely, K A is negatively correlated with humus and positively correlated with clay, pH value and base saturation (r=-0.21, 0.82, 0.69 and 0.69, respectively, p<0.01).","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71220465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Vojnov, S. Šeremešić, M. Vasiljević, Đ. Krstić, S. Vujić, B. Pejić, B. Ćupina
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cover crops and interactions on yield and yield components of maize in the semi arid conditions. Research was carried out in the production years 2020 at the Rimski Šančevi experimental station of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. The winter cover crops consisted of the combined intercrops: winter pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L.) + triticale (Triticosecale) (PT) and single-species cover crops winter pea (P) and control without cover crops (C), all with nitrogen fertilization 50 kg ha -1 (N50) and without the use of fertilizer (N0). The sowing of winter cover crops was carried out in autumn in the first decade of November, and their mulching and plowing was done in the last week of May. After plowing and soil preparation, maize (NS4051) was sown in the first decade of Jun and harvested in October. The statistical significance (p<0.05) was found between different variants regarding the use of cover crops. The highest yield was achieved in a mixture of PT (N0) 8.54 t ha -1 . The use of cover crops as green manure has a positive impact on the productive properties of maize with a reduction in inputs and possible lower production costs.
本研究旨在确定半干旱条件下覆盖作物及其相互作用对玉米产量和产量构成的影响。研究于2020年在诺维萨德大田和蔬菜作物研究所的Rimski Šančevi实验站进行。冬季覆盖作物由间作组合组成:冬豌豆(Pisum sativum ssp);单种覆盖作物冬豆(P)和无覆盖作物对照(C)，均施氮肥50 kg ha -1 (N50)，不施化肥(N0)。冬季覆盖作物的播种在11月的第一个十年的秋季进行，覆盖和翻耕在5月的最后一周完成。玉米(NS4051)耕后整地，6月上旬播种，10月收获。不同变异间覆盖作物利用差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。在PT (N0) 8.54 t / ha -1的混合条件下产量最高。使用覆盖作物作为绿肥对玉米的生产性能有积极影响，可以减少投入并可能降低生产成本。
{"title":"The influence of winter intercrops on the yield and yield components of maize in the subsequent sowing time","authors":"B. Vojnov, S. Šeremešić, M. Vasiljević, Đ. Krstić, S. Vujić, B. Pejić, B. Ćupina","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2202140v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2202140v","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cover crops and interactions on yield and yield components of maize in the semi arid conditions. Research was carried out in the production years 2020 at the Rimski Šančevi experimental station of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. The winter cover crops consisted of the combined intercrops: winter pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L.) + triticale (Triticosecale) (PT) and single-species cover crops winter pea (P) and control without cover crops (C), all with nitrogen fertilization 50 kg ha -1 (N50) and without the use of fertilizer (N0). The sowing of winter cover crops was carried out in autumn in the first decade of November, and their mulching and plowing was done in the last week of May. After plowing and soil preparation, maize (NS4051) was sown in the first decade of Jun and harvested in October. The statistical significance (p<0.05) was found between different variants regarding the use of cover crops. The highest yield was achieved in a mixture of PT (N0) 8.54 t ha -1 . The use of cover crops as green manure has a positive impact on the productive properties of maize with a reduction in inputs and possible lower production costs.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71221146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Pivić, Z. Dinić, J. Maksimović, Tara Grujić, V. Ugrenović, A. Stanojković-Sebić
Agriculture, as one of the most important branches of economy, depends on climate conditions and has a significant contribution to climatic changes process, primarily by releasing greenhouse gases (GHG). It is estimated that agriculture directly emits about 9% of the total amount of GHG, of which 5% originates from soil and about 4% from livestock production (ruminants). Emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere from cultivated soil are 27% to 90% higher compared to natural grasslands. For greater climate neutrality of agriculture, two-way action is necessary: towards the reduction of GHG and towards the sequestration of carbon in the soil. Recommended measures and practices in the management of organic carbon content in soil include a wide range of agronomic, biological, technical and technological procedures, management and structural practices on agricultural soil. By encouraging organic plant production, which should contribute to maintaining and increasing the natural fertility of the soil, as well as preserving and improving biodiversity and stabilizing the structure of the soil, it can contribute to mitigating climate change.
{"title":"Adaptation to climate change in agricultural sector: A proposal for rational management measures","authors":"R. Pivić, Z. Dinić, J. Maksimović, Tara Grujić, V. Ugrenović, A. Stanojković-Sebić","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2201067p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2201067p","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture, as one of the most important branches of economy, depends on climate conditions and has a significant contribution to climatic changes process, primarily by releasing greenhouse gases (GHG). It is estimated that agriculture directly emits about 9% of the total amount of GHG, of which 5% originates from soil and about 4% from livestock production (ruminants). Emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere from cultivated soil are 27% to 90% higher compared to natural grasslands. For greater climate neutrality of agriculture, two-way action is necessary: towards the reduction of GHG and towards the sequestration of carbon in the soil. Recommended measures and practices in the management of organic carbon content in soil include a wide range of agronomic, biological, technical and technological procedures, management and structural practices on agricultural soil. By encouraging organic plant production, which should contribute to maintaining and increasing the natural fertility of the soil, as well as preserving and improving biodiversity and stabilizing the structure of the soil, it can contribute to mitigating climate change.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71220439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Schindler, Matthias Thielicke, E. Saljnikov, L. Životić, F. Eulenstein
Knowledge of hydro-physical properties is an essential prerequisite for assessing the suitability and quality of growing media. The method used for sample preparation is important for the measurement results. Three different sample preparation methods were compared. The methods differed in terms of the way the 250°cm3 steel cylinder was filled and the height of preloading. Measurements on loosely filled cylinders were included. The comparison was carried out on 15 growing media using the HYPROP device. HYPROP enables a complex analysis of the hydro-physical properties with high accuracy and reproducibility. The water retention curve, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function, the dry bulk density, the shrinkage and the rewetting properties can be measured simultaneously. The air capacity and the amount of plant-available water in pots depend on the height of the pot. In the field, it is related to the field capacity. The quality assessment was carried out both for flowerpots of different height and for field conditions with free drainage. Loosely filled samples consolidated hydraulically shortly after the start of the measurement. These geometric changes can be taken into account with the HYPROP. The sample preparation method - preloading or loose filling - yielded significantly different results for the pore volume, dry bulk density, plant available water and air capacity. The total pore volume of the loosely filled cylinders varied between 86.8 and 95.2°% by vol. (preloaded 81.3 and 87.7°% by vol.). The most critical factor was the air capacity. Loosely filled substrate samples achieved the highest air capacities, but also did not reach the critical value of 10°% by volume in shallow flowerpots, e.g. in 10 cm pots with 5.8°% by volume. The sample preparation method, measurement and quality assessment of the hydro-physical properties of growing media should be adapted to the conditions of use - whether they are used in a field with free drainage or in pots or containers in greenhouses.
{"title":"Measurement of hydraulic properties of growing media with the HYPROP system","authors":"U. Schindler, Matthias Thielicke, E. Saljnikov, L. Životić, F. Eulenstein","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2201040s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2201040s","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of hydro-physical properties is an essential prerequisite for assessing the suitability and quality of growing media. The method used for sample preparation is important for the measurement results. Three different sample preparation methods were compared. The methods differed in terms of the way the 250°cm3 steel cylinder was filled and the height of preloading. Measurements on loosely filled cylinders were included. The comparison was carried out on 15 growing media using the HYPROP device. HYPROP enables a complex analysis of the hydro-physical properties with high accuracy and reproducibility. The water retention curve, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function, the dry bulk density, the shrinkage and the rewetting properties can be measured simultaneously. The air capacity and the amount of plant-available water in pots depend on the height of the pot. In the field, it is related to the field capacity. The quality assessment was carried out both for flowerpots of different height and for field conditions with free drainage. Loosely filled samples consolidated hydraulically shortly after the start of the measurement. These geometric changes can be taken into account with the HYPROP. The sample preparation method - preloading or loose filling - yielded significantly different results for the pore volume, dry bulk density, plant available water and air capacity. The total pore volume of the loosely filled cylinders varied between 86.8 and 95.2°% by vol. (preloaded 81.3 and 87.7°% by vol.). The most critical factor was the air capacity. Loosely filled substrate samples achieved the highest air capacities, but also did not reach the critical value of 10°% by volume in shallow flowerpots, e.g. in 10 cm pots with 5.8°% by volume. The sample preparation method, measurement and quality assessment of the hydro-physical properties of growing media should be adapted to the conditions of use - whether they are used in a field with free drainage or in pots or containers in greenhouses.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71220819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tatiana Lavrishcheva, G. Osipova, Anton Lavtishchev, Aigul Zhapparova, E. Saljnikov
Cichorium intybus is a valuable crop due to its high nutritional and pharmaceutical value. In this work, the study of the effect of harvesting time on the biometric and biochemical properties of Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum (chicory salad witloof) was carried out on five varieties. The period of vegetation affects rosette diameter, number of leaves and root weight. A strong correlation between the weight of roots before laying for forcing and the weight of forcing heads (r = 0.79) was revealed. The roots of variety Conus, managed to accumulate a sufficient amount of nutrients for the formation of heads in a 98 days. The accumulation of sugars in forcing heads depended on their initial content in roots with a 75% reliability (r = 0.75). The results showed that in the northern latitudes the forcing can be carried out in winter in any room without light at a temperature of 10 to 17°C. In addition, subsurface heating of the substrate or maintaining water in the containers with roots provided a larger yield of heads obtained in a shorter time.
菊苣具有很高的营养价值和药用价值，是一种有价值的作物。以菊苣为研究对象，研究了不同采收时间对菊苣色拉(chichorium intybus L. var. foliosum)生物特征和生化特性的影响。植被期影响莲座直径、叶数和根重。施压前根系重量与施压头重量之间存在较强的相关性(r = 0.79)。圆锥果品种的根在98天内积累了足够的营养物质以形成头部。胁迫头中糖的积累依赖于其在根中的初始含量，可靠性为75% (r = 0.75)。结果表明，在北纬地区，冬季温度为10 ~ 17℃，在无光照的任何室内均可进行强迫。此外，对基质进行地下加热或在有根的容器中保持水，可以在更短的时间内获得更大的头部产量。
{"title":"Morphometric and biochemical properties of Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum as affected by duration of growing period","authors":"Tatiana Lavrishcheva, G. Osipova, Anton Lavtishchev, Aigul Zhapparova, E. Saljnikov","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2202102l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2202102l","url":null,"abstract":"Cichorium intybus is a valuable crop due to its high nutritional and pharmaceutical value. In this work, the study of the effect of harvesting time on the biometric and biochemical properties of Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum (chicory salad witloof) was carried out on five varieties. The period of vegetation affects rosette diameter, number of leaves and root weight. A strong correlation between the weight of roots before laying for forcing and the weight of forcing heads (r = 0.79) was revealed. The roots of variety Conus, managed to accumulate a sufficient amount of nutrients for the formation of heads in a 98 days. The accumulation of sugars in forcing heads depended on their initial content in roots with a 75% reliability (r = 0.75). The results showed that in the northern latitudes the forcing can be carried out in winter in any room without light at a temperature of 10 to 17°C. In addition, subsurface heating of the substrate or maintaining water in the containers with roots provided a larger yield of heads obtained in a shorter time.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71220917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohlala Boitumelo, R. Stričević, E. Gregorić, L. Životić
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is an indicator of vegetation health and land cover changes, based on the reflectance of certain ranges in the electromagnetic spectrum. Land use, seasons and climate changes affect spatial variations in NDVI values. This study focuses on the basins of the rivers Tinja and Kozlica, located on the Eastern parts of the Maljen Mountain, and characterized by the dominant presence of grassy vegetation. Spatial and temporal changes in plant water supply are monitored using 10-meter Sentinel-2 imagery, and further processed on a monthly basis in QGIS for 2020-2021. For better elaboration of NDVI values basins of these two rivers were delineated into 305 sub-basins, on which further analysis was performed. NDVI data during both years range from < 0.1 - > 0.6. NDVI values change during different seasons, which is consistent with the increase and decrease of water stress during the studied period, which refers to changes in weather conditions during the growing season. In the summer months, the highest values exceed 0.6, and in some cases even 0.8. NDVI values in October and November decrease to 0.3 and 0.5, while in winter months NDVI values are <0.1. NDVI values are higher, and less variable, in sub-basins with woody, partially coniferous vegetation. This study contributes to increasing knowledge about the potential application of remote sensing as well as highresolution Sentinel-2 imagery for monitoring plant water supply because the assessment of drought impact on plant production requires the current monitoring of plant water regime. GIS tools enable the delineation of sub-catchments, which helps to better monitor the spatial variation of NDVI within natural landscape entities. NDVI and other indices are easy to calculate, and therefore, Sentinel-2 can play an important role in future drought early warning systemsand in determining conditions of the vegetation cover.
{"title":"Spatial and temporal changes in plant water supply obtained by NDVI in Tinja and Kozlica watersheds","authors":"Mohlala Boitumelo, R. Stričević, E. Gregorić, L. Životić","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2202120b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2202120b","url":null,"abstract":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is an indicator of vegetation health and land cover changes, based on the reflectance of certain ranges in the electromagnetic spectrum. Land use, seasons and climate changes affect spatial variations in NDVI values. This study focuses on the basins of the rivers Tinja and Kozlica, located on the Eastern parts of the Maljen Mountain, and characterized by the dominant presence of grassy vegetation. Spatial and temporal changes in plant water supply are monitored using 10-meter Sentinel-2 imagery, and further processed on a monthly basis in QGIS for 2020-2021. For better elaboration of NDVI values basins of these two rivers were delineated into 305 sub-basins, on which further analysis was performed. NDVI data during both years range from < 0.1 - > 0.6. NDVI values change during different seasons, which is consistent with the increase and decrease of water stress during the studied period, which refers to changes in weather conditions during the growing season. In the summer months, the highest values exceed 0.6, and in some cases even 0.8. NDVI values in October and November decrease to 0.3 and 0.5, while in winter months NDVI values are <0.1. NDVI values are higher, and less variable, in sub-basins with woody, partially coniferous vegetation. This study contributes to increasing knowledge about the potential application of remote sensing as well as highresolution Sentinel-2 imagery for monitoring plant water supply because the assessment of drought impact on plant production requires the current monitoring of plant water regime. GIS tools enable the delineation of sub-catchments, which helps to better monitor the spatial variation of NDVI within natural landscape entities. NDVI and other indices are easy to calculate, and therefore, Sentinel-2 can play an important role in future drought early warning systemsand in determining conditions of the vegetation cover.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71220973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Rasulić, D. Delic, O. Stajković-Srbinović, A. Buntić, Đ. Kuzmanović, M. Knežević, B. Sikirić
One of the most common soil types in area of western and south-western Serbia is the Eutric Cambisol. In order to determine biogenity of this soil type, the presence of total microflora, fungi, actinomycetes, ammonifiers, Azotobacter sp. and oligonitrophils, as well as dehydrogenase activity were examined. Samples were taken from soils used in two different ways (plough fields and meadows). Standard microbiological methods of inoculation a certain decimal dilution on appropriate nutrient media were used. No correlation between the number of microorganisms and type of the soil usage was found. In localities that were under plough fields and meadows, the presence of Azotobacter sp. was confirmed, as an indicator of soil fertility. The correlation of dehydrogenase activity with the total number of microorganisms was not observed. Agrochemical analysis showed acidic to weakly acidic soil reaction, medium to high percentage of organic matter, low content of easily available phosphorus and high content of easily available potassium. There was no correlation between chemical properties of the soil and the number of microorganisms in examined soil type.
{"title":"Microbiological and basic agrochemical properties of Eutric Cambisols in western and southwestern Serbia","authors":"N. Rasulić, D. Delic, O. Stajković-Srbinović, A. Buntić, Đ. Kuzmanović, M. Knežević, B. Sikirić","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2102001r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2102001r","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most common soil types in area of western and south-western Serbia is the Eutric Cambisol. In order to determine biogenity of this soil type, the presence of total microflora, fungi, actinomycetes, ammonifiers, Azotobacter sp. and oligonitrophils, as well as dehydrogenase activity were examined. Samples were taken from soils used in two different ways (plough fields and meadows). Standard microbiological methods of inoculation a certain decimal dilution on appropriate nutrient media were used. No correlation between the number of microorganisms and type of the soil usage was found. In localities that were under plough fields and meadows, the presence of Azotobacter sp. was confirmed, as an indicator of soil fertility. The correlation of dehydrogenase activity with the total number of microorganisms was not observed. Agrochemical analysis showed acidic to weakly acidic soil reaction, medium to high percentage of organic matter, low content of easily available phosphorus and high content of easily available potassium. There was no correlation between chemical properties of the soil and the number of microorganisms in examined soil type.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71220022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angelina Novaković, Stjepan Miletić, J. Beloica, Snežana Belanović-Simić, D. Obratov-Petković
Ultramafic (serpenites) are a group of igneous or metamorphic rocks, which are characterized by high concentrations of Mg, Fe, Ni, Cr, and Co, along with low concentrations of Ca, P, and K, contain less than 45% silicon (SiO2). Tara Mountain is natural good of western Serbia where areas under serpentinites occupy 28%. Researchers agree that the flora of serpentine areas is unique and botanically very important. The specificity of the flora and the development of vegetation on serpentinites are characterized by special mechanisms of plant species adaptation to increased concentrations of some heavy metals in the soil with low content of essential elements (nutrients). This paper examines the influence of serpentinite geological substrate on the occurrence of certain plant species in the initial stages of plant community development. The soil was mainly sampled in rock crevices in the early phases of soil development (Lithosols) where the influence and origin of the metals from the rock can be considered the most obvious. Content of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in geological substratum, soil and plants biomass is analysed in order to differentiate levels and extents of natural and anthropogenic pollution and also deposition data from the EMEP program (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme). Results show that the content of lead and cadmium in the soil and plant samples are higher than the content in the corresponding rock sample, except for two soil samples, in which the content of Cd is lower. Thissuggest that the origin of the increased Pb and Cd content might be from anthropogenic sources. Deposition (data from EMEP program) of Cd and Pb, which was analysed for the period from 1990-2018, indicate significant cumulative effect. The values of cumulative deposition in research area have a value of 91,51 kg/km2 lead, while the value of cadmium is 1665 g/km2 , which classifies NP Tara in above-average polluted area in R. Serbia.
{"title":"The content of Cd and Pb in undeveloped and shallow soils and plant material in the area of national park Tara","authors":"Angelina Novaković, Stjepan Miletić, J. Beloica, Snežana Belanović-Simić, D. Obratov-Petković","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2102067n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2102067n","url":null,"abstract":"Ultramafic (serpenites) are a group of igneous or metamorphic rocks, which are characterized by high concentrations of Mg, Fe, Ni, Cr, and Co, along with low concentrations of Ca, P, and K, contain less than 45% silicon (SiO2). Tara Mountain is natural good of western Serbia where areas under serpentinites occupy 28%. Researchers agree that the flora of serpentine areas is unique and botanically very important. The specificity of the flora and the development of vegetation on serpentinites are characterized by special mechanisms of plant species adaptation to increased concentrations of some heavy metals in the soil with low content of essential elements (nutrients). This paper examines the influence of serpentinite geological substrate on the occurrence of certain plant species in the initial stages of plant community development. The soil was mainly sampled in rock crevices in the early phases of soil development (Lithosols) where the influence and origin of the metals from the rock can be considered the most obvious. Content of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in geological substratum, soil and plants biomass is analysed in order to differentiate levels and extents of natural and anthropogenic pollution and also deposition data from the EMEP program (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme). Results show that the content of lead and cadmium in the soil and plant samples are higher than the content in the corresponding rock sample, except for two soil samples, in which the content of Cd is lower. Thissuggest that the origin of the increased Pb and Cd content might be from anthropogenic sources. Deposition (data from EMEP program) of Cd and Pb, which was analysed for the period from 1990-2018, indicate significant cumulative effect. The values of cumulative deposition in research area have a value of 91,51 kg/km2 lead, while the value of cadmium is 1665 g/km2 , which classifies NP Tara in above-average polluted area in R. Serbia.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71220785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Stričević, M. Vujadinovic-Mandic, N. Đurović, A. Lipovac
Frequent occurrence of droughts over the last two decades, as well as increases in the air temperature increase have led to the rise farmers' concerns that field crop production would not be possible without irrigation. The aim of this research is to assess how two adaptation measures, sowing dates and irrigation and water excess impacts the yields of wheat, maize and sunflower in Serbia. In order to assess the future of climatic condition five representative locations have been selected for the analysis (Novi Sad, Valjevo, Kragujevac, Negotic and Leskovac). For the analysis of future climatic conditions, results of the ensemble of nine regional climate models from the Euro-CORDEX database were used. The period between 1986 and 2005 was used as a reference, while time slices in the future are: 2016-2035 (near future), 2046-2065 (mid-century) and 2081-2100 (end of the century). Analyses were made for the scenario of GHG emmisions RCP8.5. Aquacrop model v.6.1 was used for the yield, sowing period, and irrigation requirement assessment. The analysis and the results have indicated that earlier start of the growing season of maize and sunflower for 5, 11 and 19 days in near future, mid and end of the century, respectively, whereas optimal sowing period for rainfed wheat will vary from September 20 to November 30, depending on rainfall occurrence, and for irrigated one in optimal sowing period (beginning of October). The warmer climate will shorten the growing cycle of all studied crops. However, the shortening significantly differs among locations. The growing cycle of maize shortened from 34 up to 48 days in Valjevo in near future through the end of the century, while in Negotin it could be less only for 6 days. The increase in air temperature and earlier start of the growing season will enable the most sensitive phenophases, flowering and fruit formation, to appear in a period of more favorable weather conditions, together with the increase in CO2 concentration, can help mitigate the negative impact of the climate change, so that there will be no reduction in sunflower yields. Slight increment of sunflower yields could be expected by the end of century (2.3 - 13.8%), whereas yield of maize will remain on the present level. The increase of wheat yield could be expected only in the near future (up to 8.3 %), but also it can be reduced at some locations by the end of the century. Irrigation water requirements of all studied crops will remain at the same level the same level as the present, but only if sowing applied in the optimal period. Although it is known that irrigation changes microclimatic conditions, ie., the air humidity increases, and the air temperature decreases (the so-called oasis effect), which can affect the extension of the vegetation period, and thus the increase in yield. Such subtle changes in the microclimate cannot be "recognized" by models, so even simulated yields cannot be fully (accurately) predicted. This research come to the
{"title":"Application of two measures of adaptation to climate change for assessment on the yield of wheat, corn and sunflower by the aquacrop model","authors":"R. Stričević, M. Vujadinovic-Mandic, N. Đurović, A. Lipovac","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2101041s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2101041s","url":null,"abstract":"Frequent occurrence of droughts over the last two decades, as well as increases in the air temperature increase have led to the rise farmers' concerns that field crop production would not be possible without irrigation. The aim of this research is to assess how two adaptation measures, sowing dates and irrigation and water excess impacts the yields of wheat, maize and sunflower in Serbia. In order to assess the future of climatic condition five representative locations have been selected for the analysis (Novi Sad, Valjevo, Kragujevac, Negotic and Leskovac). For the analysis of future climatic conditions, results of the ensemble of nine regional climate models from the Euro-CORDEX database were used. The period between 1986 and 2005 was used as a reference, while time slices in the future are: 2016-2035 (near future), 2046-2065 (mid-century) and 2081-2100 (end of the century). Analyses were made for the scenario of GHG emmisions RCP8.5. Aquacrop model v.6.1 was used for the yield, sowing period, and irrigation requirement assessment. The analysis and the results have indicated that earlier start of the growing season of maize and sunflower for 5, 11 and 19 days in near future, mid and end of the century, respectively, whereas optimal sowing period for rainfed wheat will vary from September 20 to November 30, depending on rainfall occurrence, and for irrigated one in optimal sowing period (beginning of October). The warmer climate will shorten the growing cycle of all studied crops. However, the shortening significantly differs among locations. The growing cycle of maize shortened from 34 up to 48 days in Valjevo in near future through the end of the century, while in Negotin it could be less only for 6 days. The increase in air temperature and earlier start of the growing season will enable the most sensitive phenophases, flowering and fruit formation, to appear in a period of more favorable weather conditions, together with the increase in CO2 concentration, can help mitigate the negative impact of the climate change, so that there will be no reduction in sunflower yields. Slight increment of sunflower yields could be expected by the end of century (2.3 - 13.8%), whereas yield of maize will remain on the present level. The increase of wheat yield could be expected only in the near future (up to 8.3 %), but also it can be reduced at some locations by the end of the century. Irrigation water requirements of all studied crops will remain at the same level the same level as the present, but only if sowing applied in the optimal period. Although it is known that irrigation changes microclimatic conditions, ie., the air humidity increases, and the air temperature decreases (the so-called oasis effect), which can affect the extension of the vegetation period, and thus the increase in yield. Such subtle changes in the microclimate cannot be \"recognized\" by models, so even simulated yields cannot be fully (accurately) predicted. This research come to the","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71219784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, two sites from tea and apple growing sites were collected from Pyay village and Nine Mile village, Mindat district, Chin state of West Myanmar under a humid subtropical climate. The results of physicochemical properties of observed soils were neutral pH, favorable moisture, silty clay loam texture, very high content of organic carbon, organic matter and total nitrogen. However, the tea growing soil was very poor in phosphorus and potassium content. Moreover, both soils lack of available potassium. The content of heavy metals in both soils was not varied from each other and followed the order: Fe (iron) > Cu (copper) >Zn (zinc) > Pb (lead) > Cr (chromium) and was below the maximum allowed concentrations (MAC). Therefore, the studied soils are generally favorable for cultivation under the condition of application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. However, due to the regular application of fertilizers and pesticides, it is necessary to monitor these soils for PTE levels. Further research is recommended, which must include analyses of the physicochemical properties of soils to a two depths of 0-30 and 30-60 cm, especially for the area where fruit plants are grown. In addition, higher density of soil samples and sub-samples are necessary to produce a reliable dataset that will allow proper statistical analysis.
{"title":"Soil quality of the tea and apple-growing sites in Mindat District, Chin state, Myanmar: A preliminary study","authors":"Y. Kwee, K. Soe","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2101027k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2101027k","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, two sites from tea and apple growing sites were collected from Pyay village and Nine Mile village, Mindat district, Chin state of West Myanmar under a humid subtropical climate. The results of physicochemical properties of observed soils were neutral pH, favorable moisture, silty clay loam texture, very high content of organic carbon, organic matter and total nitrogen. However, the tea growing soil was very poor in phosphorus and potassium content. Moreover, both soils lack of available potassium. The content of heavy metals in both soils was not varied from each other and followed the order: Fe (iron) > Cu (copper) >Zn (zinc) > Pb (lead) > Cr (chromium) and was below the maximum allowed concentrations (MAC). Therefore, the studied soils are generally favorable for cultivation under the condition of application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. However, due to the regular application of fertilizers and pesticides, it is necessary to monitor these soils for PTE levels. Further research is recommended, which must include analyses of the physicochemical properties of soils to a two depths of 0-30 and 30-60 cm, especially for the area where fruit plants are grown. In addition, higher density of soil samples and sub-samples are necessary to produce a reliable dataset that will allow proper statistical analysis.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71219730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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