Previous research has shown that there are allelopathic interactions between plants, releasing allelochemicals for which it is still unknown whether they are randomly generated or transmitted from generation to generation. In this paper, the influence dried ragweed leaves (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) aqueous extract of different concentrations: concentrated extract (10%), extract diluted to 1/2 (5%); 1/4 (2.5%) and 1/8 (1.25%) on germination and growth of peas and beans was monitored. The results showed that the increased concentration of ragweed extract inhibited germination, prolonged germination time and decreased the germination index of both test plant species compared to the control. The ragweed extract (concentrated and 1/2) reduced the growth of shoots and roots compared to the control (by more than 50%), with the inhibitory effect being more visible on young pea plants compared to beans. The results of the research showed that the presence of ragweed as a weed in the field significantly reduces the germination and growth of cultivated plants, which is why care should be taken to suppress and remove it in a timely manner.
{"title":"Influence of Ambrosia artemisiifolia extract on germination and growth of Pisum sativum L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. seedlings","authors":"Tanja Maksimović, Larisa Marković, D. Hasanagić","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2102033m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2102033m","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has shown that there are allelopathic interactions between plants, releasing allelochemicals for which it is still unknown whether they are randomly generated or transmitted from generation to generation. In this paper, the influence dried ragweed leaves (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) aqueous extract of different concentrations: concentrated extract (10%), extract diluted to 1/2 (5%); 1/4 (2.5%) and 1/8 (1.25%) on germination and growth of peas and beans was monitored. The results showed that the increased concentration of ragweed extract inhibited germination, prolonged germination time and decreased the germination index of both test plant species compared to the control. The ragweed extract (concentrated and 1/2) reduced the growth of shoots and roots compared to the control (by more than 50%), with the inhibitory effect being more visible on young pea plants compared to beans. The results of the research showed that the presence of ragweed as a weed in the field significantly reduces the germination and growth of cultivated plants, which is why care should be taken to suppress and remove it in a timely manner.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71220319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Vojnov, S. Šeremešić, M. Vasiljević, M. Manojlović, Vladimir Milešević, Brankica Babec
Organic agriculture as a system of sustainable agricultural production today is essential part in the development of value chains of products that have high nutritional value and environmental characteristics. Soybean is an important source of protein and oil, both for food and feed and belongs to one of the most important field crops. Continuous work on improving cultivation technology in organic systems of agricultural production is of great importance for expanding sustainable farming systems. Limited mineral nutrition in organic production has resulted in a large number of studies that were aimed primarily at increasing yields, as well as the quality of the final product, where the application of foliar fertilizers and fertilizers generally occupies an important place. The research aimed to present the possibility and importance of the application of fertilizers in organic soybean production. Three preparations (Italpollina NPK 4:4:4, Biofor soja, Wuxal ascofol) on soybean variety NS Kaća were tested. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the weight of 1000 grains differed statistically significantly between treatments, while fertilization reacted positively to the soybean grain yield in relation to the control variant, but no statistical significance was determined. The highest yield was determined on the treatment with Biofor soja (4.3 t ha-1 ).The results obtained after one year of research can serve as a guideline for improving the technology of soybean cultivation in organic production, but it is necessary to conduct further research on the application of different foliar fertilizers at different stages of growth, as well as in different doses.
{"title":"Improving organic production by introducing biopreparations through yield analysis and soybean yield components","authors":"B. Vojnov, S. Šeremešić, M. Vasiljević, M. Manojlović, Vladimir Milešević, Brankica Babec","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2102077v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2102077v","url":null,"abstract":"Organic agriculture as a system of sustainable agricultural production today is essential part in the development of value chains of products that have high nutritional value and environmental characteristics. Soybean is an important source of protein and oil, both for food and feed and belongs to one of the most important field crops. Continuous work on improving cultivation technology in organic systems of agricultural production is of great importance for expanding sustainable farming systems. Limited mineral nutrition in organic production has resulted in a large number of studies that were aimed primarily at increasing yields, as well as the quality of the final product, where the application of foliar fertilizers and fertilizers generally occupies an important place. The research aimed to present the possibility and importance of the application of fertilizers in organic soybean production. Three preparations (Italpollina NPK 4:4:4, Biofor soja, Wuxal ascofol) on soybean variety NS Kaća were tested. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the weight of 1000 grains differed statistically significantly between treatments, while fertilization reacted positively to the soybean grain yield in relation to the control variant, but no statistical significance was determined. The highest yield was determined on the treatment with Biofor soja (4.3 t ha-1 ).The results obtained after one year of research can serve as a guideline for improving the technology of soybean cultivation in organic production, but it is necessary to conduct further research on the application of different foliar fertilizers at different stages of growth, as well as in different doses.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71220413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Vojnov, S. Šeremešić, B. Ćupina, Đ. Krstić, S. Vujić, M. Zivanov, S. Pavlović
In the agroecological conditions of Vojvodina, there is not enough research on the influence of plowing cover crops as a green manure on the content of labile organic carbon soluble in hot water (HWOC). The aim of the study was to determine the influence of crop rotation of different species of winter cover crops (CC) and spring crops in the subsequent sowing period (corn, soybeans and Sudan grass) on the content of organic matter (OM) levels as well as the dynamic of labile OM. Research was carried out at the Rimski Šančevi experimental station under Chernozem soil type. The winter CC consisted of the combined intercrops: winter pea (Pisum sativum ssp. Arvense L.) + triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) (PT) and single-species CC winter pea (P) and control (without CC). Plowing of CC and control plots was carried out at a depth of 27 cm in the last decades of May 2018, and the sowing of maize, soybean and Sudan grass in early June with addition of 50 kg N ha-1 . Sampled was done in October at depth of: 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm. The analysis of variance determined a significant effect of cultivated crops (maize, soybeans and Sudan grass) in the subsequent sowing period on the changes of the HWOC content, as well as the interaction of cover crops and fertilization. The highest value of HWOC was measured in maize (658 µg g-1 ) on the variant P N0 (0-20 cm), and the lowest in the Sudan grass P N50 (20-40 cm). The highest share of HWOC in the total OM content was found in maize (2.56%), while the lowest share was measured in Sudan grass (1.87%).
在伏伊伏丁那农业生态条件下，作为绿肥翻耕覆盖作物对热水溶性有机碳(HWOC)含量影响的研究还不够。本研究的目的是确定不同种类的冬季覆盖作物(CC)和春作物(玉米、大豆和苏丹草)在播后期轮作对有机质(OM)含量水平和不稳定OM动态的影响。研究在黑钙土类型的Rimski Šančevi实验站进行。冬季连作包括间作组合:冬豌豆(Pisum sativum ssp);Arvense L.) +小黑麦(×Triticosecale Wittm.)如A. Camus) (PT)和单种CC冬豆(P)及对照(不含CC)。在2018年5月的最后几十年里，在27厘米深的CC地块和对照地块进行耕作，并在6月初播种玉米、大豆和苏丹草，添加50 kg N ha-1。10月取样深度:0-20 cm, 20-40 cm。方差分析表明，后续播期栽培作物(玉米、大豆和苏丹草)对HWOC含量的变化有显著影响，以及覆盖作物与施肥的相互作用。玉米中HWOC值最高(658µg -1)，在P N0变异(0-20 cm)上，苏丹草P N50变异(20-40 cm)最低。玉米中HWOC占总OM含量的比例最高(2.56%)，苏丹草中最低(1.87%)。
{"title":"Hot water extractable organic carbon of chernozem under the system of cover crop incorporation and subsequent sowing of spring crops","authors":"B. Vojnov, S. Šeremešić, B. Ćupina, Đ. Krstić, S. Vujić, M. Zivanov, S. Pavlović","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2002082v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2002082v","url":null,"abstract":"In the agroecological conditions of Vojvodina, there is not enough research on the influence of plowing cover crops as a green manure on the content of labile organic carbon soluble in hot water (HWOC). The aim of the study was to determine the influence of crop rotation of different species of winter cover crops (CC) and spring crops in the subsequent sowing period (corn, soybeans and Sudan grass) on the content of organic matter (OM) levels as well as the dynamic of labile OM. Research was carried out at the Rimski Šančevi experimental station under Chernozem soil type. The winter CC consisted of the combined intercrops: winter pea (Pisum sativum ssp. Arvense L.) + triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) (PT) and single-species CC winter pea (P) and control (without CC). Plowing of CC and control plots was carried out at a depth of 27 cm in the last decades of May 2018, and the sowing of maize, soybean and Sudan grass in early June with addition of 50 kg N ha-1 . Sampled was done in October at depth of: 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm. The analysis of variance determined a significant effect of cultivated crops (maize, soybeans and Sudan grass) in the subsequent sowing period on the changes of the HWOC content, as well as the interaction of cover crops and fertilization. The highest value of HWOC was measured in maize (658 µg g-1 ) on the variant P N0 (0-20 cm), and the lowest in the Sudan grass P N50 (20-40 cm). The highest share of HWOC in the total OM content was found in maize (2.56%), while the lowest share was measured in Sudan grass (1.87%).","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71219255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tatiana Lavrishcheva, A. Lavrishchev, A. Litvinovich
The paper discusses the results of the study of the effect of climatic factors on the yield and biometric indicators of various varieties of endive chicory (Cichorium endivia (L.)) over a two-year study grown in the summer-autumn period in the plastic greenhouses on the experimental plots of the St. Petersburg Agrarian University, Pushkin, Russia. The plants of the genus Chicory are known and valued for their unique medicinal and nutritional properties. Total of 14 varieties of domestic and foreign Cichorium endivia breeding were studied. The study was carried out in 2015 and 2016years that were sharply differed in the amount of precipitation and temperature. The climate of Leningrad region is characterised with humid and long-lasting cold season. The aim of the research was to identify the variety of endive chicory that is most suitable and tolerant for the climatic conditions of Leningrad region, Russia. During the growing season the plant biometric parameters such as plant height (cm), rosette diameter of leaves (cm), and number of leaves (pieces) were measured. During harvesting, additional parameters such as biomass of plants and leaves, the area of the assimilation surface were determined. The decrease in plant biometric parameters during the phenological observations in September 2016 was associated with an increased amount of precipitation in July-August. The results showed that the variety "Broad Betavian fullhearted" was the most sensitive to the adverse effects of weather, showing the largest variation in biometrics over the studied years. In plants of this variety the mass of leaves decreased by 9.2 times, the area of the assimilation surface was reduced by 11.6 times, while the crop shortfall in 2016 was almost 90%. The varieties "Green curled" and "Scarola bionda" were the most tolerant to weather conditions. These varieties were characterized by the maximum yield in both years of research: "Green curled"-7.90 kg/m 2 and 2.87 kg/m 2 , "Scarola bionda"-8.06 kg/m 2 and 2.84 kg/m 2 in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Generally, the result of the study showed that most of the studied varieties were sensitive to the amount of precipitation and the number of sunny days. The study made it possible to identify the most sensitive and most tolerant varieties of endive chicory for growing in the Leningrad region.
{"title":"Impact of climatic factors on growth and development of Cichorium Endivia in greenhouse in Leningrad region, Russia","authors":"Tatiana Lavrishcheva, A. Lavrishchev, A. Litvinovich","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2002055l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2002055l","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the results of the study of the effect of climatic factors on the yield and biometric indicators of various varieties of endive chicory (Cichorium endivia (L.)) over a two-year study grown in the summer-autumn period in the plastic greenhouses on the experimental plots of the St. Petersburg Agrarian University, Pushkin, Russia. The plants of the genus Chicory are known and valued for their unique medicinal and nutritional properties. Total of 14 varieties of domestic and foreign Cichorium endivia breeding were studied. The study was carried out in 2015 and 2016years that were sharply differed in the amount of precipitation and temperature. The climate of Leningrad region is characterised with humid and long-lasting cold season. The aim of the research was to identify the variety of endive chicory that is most suitable and tolerant for the climatic conditions of Leningrad region, Russia. During the growing season the plant biometric parameters such as plant height (cm), rosette diameter of leaves (cm), and number of leaves (pieces) were measured. During harvesting, additional parameters such as biomass of plants and leaves, the area of the assimilation surface were determined. The decrease in plant biometric parameters during the phenological observations in September 2016 was associated with an increased amount of precipitation in July-August. The results showed that the variety \"Broad Betavian fullhearted\" was the most sensitive to the adverse effects of weather, showing the largest variation in biometrics over the studied years. In plants of this variety the mass of leaves decreased by 9.2 times, the area of the assimilation surface was reduced by 11.6 times, while the crop shortfall in 2016 was almost 90%. The varieties \"Green curled\" and \"Scarola bionda\" were the most tolerant to weather conditions. These varieties were characterized by the maximum yield in both years of research: \"Green curled\"-7.90 kg/m 2 and 2.87 kg/m 2 , \"Scarola bionda\"-8.06 kg/m 2 and 2.84 kg/m 2 in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Generally, the result of the study showed that most of the studied varieties were sensitive to the amount of precipitation and the number of sunny days. The study made it possible to identify the most sensitive and most tolerant varieties of endive chicory for growing in the Leningrad region.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71219236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Tanirbergenov, E. Saljnikov, B. Suleimenov, A. Saparov, Dragan Čakmak
Soil salinity of the irrigated soils in a cotton farm of Kazakhstan was studied aimed to provide background for reconstruction of collection-drainage system of whole region and preventing soil deterioration. The experimental data obtained for 2012-2014 were plotted for the development of the map of soil salinity (1:10000) seasonally and vertically. In spring 2014 the area under medium saline soil in 0-20 cm layer decreased from 79.5 to 57.7%; the area of weakly saline soils increased from 20.5 to 34.6%. In autumn and winter periods the area of strongly saline soils decreased from 25.6 to 14.1%. The area of non-saline soils was 7.7%. The changes in the ions amount, both vertically and seasonally, occur with transport of salts along soil profile driven by temperature gradients and the level of ground water, i.e., in spring from up to down, and in autumn and winter, contrary from down to up.
{"title":"Salt affected soils under cotton-based irrigation agriculture in southern Kazakhstan","authors":"S. Tanirbergenov, E. Saljnikov, B. Suleimenov, A. Saparov, Dragan Čakmak","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2002001t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2002001t","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinity of the irrigated soils in a cotton farm of Kazakhstan was studied aimed to provide background for reconstruction of collection-drainage system of whole region and preventing soil deterioration. The experimental data obtained for 2012-2014 were plotted for the development of the map of soil salinity (1:10000) seasonally and vertically. In spring 2014 the area under medium saline soil in 0-20 cm layer decreased from 79.5 to 57.7%; the area of weakly saline soils increased from 20.5 to 34.6%. In autumn and winter periods the area of strongly saline soils decreased from 25.6 to 14.1%. The area of non-saline soils was 7.7%. The changes in the ions amount, both vertically and seasonally, occur with transport of salts along soil profile driven by temperature gradients and the level of ground water, i.e., in spring from up to down, and in autumn and winter, contrary from down to up.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71218713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alehander Popov, G. Kholostov, E. Sazanova, J. Simonova, K. Tsivka
The components of soil organic matter (SOM) such as lipids (waxes, fats, and resins), pigments (oxyanthraquinones and related substances, tetrapyrrole compounds and carotenoids), kerogen, glomalins, and hydrophobins are briefly described in the paper. In the traditional assessment of the qualitative composition of SOM, all of the above substances, as well as the products of hydrolytic destruction of detritus and partially decomposed plant material, pass into the alkaline solution. The resulting mixture, containing both specific and individual organic compounds, is usually subdivided into fulvic acids, hematomelanic and humic acids. It is proposed to revise the methodology for extracting various components of SOM. The new method should be based on the affinity of the SOM components for certain organic solvents and should allow the separation of humic substances and melanin from glomalin and hydrophobins.
{"title":"Characteristics of the qualitative composition of soil organic matter: Problems and solutions","authors":"Alehander Popov, G. Kholostov, E. Sazanova, J. Simonova, K. Tsivka","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2002027p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2002027p","url":null,"abstract":"The components of soil organic matter (SOM) such as lipids (waxes, fats, and resins), pigments (oxyanthraquinones and related substances, tetrapyrrole compounds and carotenoids), kerogen, glomalins, and hydrophobins are briefly described in the paper. In the traditional assessment of the qualitative composition of SOM, all of the above substances, as well as the products of hydrolytic destruction of detritus and partially decomposed plant material, pass into the alkaline solution. The resulting mixture, containing both specific and individual organic compounds, is usually subdivided into fulvic acids, hematomelanic and humic acids. It is proposed to revise the methodology for extracting various components of SOM. The new method should be based on the affinity of the SOM components for certain organic solvents and should allow the separation of humic substances and melanin from glomalin and hydrophobins.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71219320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Tokhetova, B. Baizhanova, R. Nurymova, Danabek Nurzhanov, N. Nurgaliev
Gamma irradiation technology is considered to be very promising for trait-based plant modification. The effect of g-irradiation on the germination, growth, and productivity of daughter generations of barley M1 and M2 is highly relevant. The aims of the study was the creation of a source material for barley breeding in the form of mutant lines with selectively valuable traits, by treating seeds with ionizing radiation using an electron accelerator of the Park of Nuclear Technologies JSC (Kurchatov, Republic of Kazakhstan); as well as to improve and expand the classical methods of breeding based on induced mutagenesis in creating an original gene pool of the source and breeding material of barley for the accelerated and effective introduction of stress tolerant(to salinization and drought) varieties into production in the conditions of Aral Sea impacted landscapes. Seeds of the two varieties of barley were treated with five doses of radiation (from 50 Gy to 250 Gy). The germination and various morphological characteristics of their seedlings at different growing phases were compared with the non-irradiated (control) treatment. The results of this preliminary study showed that both treated varieties were sensitive to the g-irradiation and showed suppressed morphological properties, where the highest dose of 250 Gy showed most inhibiting effect resulting in death of barely seedling. The results obtained will be applied for the further expanded research with other specified doses of g-ray treatment of seeds in order to create a basis in strengthening and deploying full-scale breeding work for diversified crop production in the region and improving existing varieties for further breeding.
{"title":"Effect of ionizing radiation on barley growth effects of ionizing radiation of seeds on the initial growth of barley, determination of the frequency and spectrum of mutational variability in M1 morphological properties","authors":"L. Tokhetova, B. Baizhanova, R. Nurymova, Danabek Nurzhanov, N. Nurgaliev","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2002039t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2002039t","url":null,"abstract":"Gamma irradiation technology is considered to be very promising for trait-based plant modification. The effect of g-irradiation on the germination, growth, and productivity of daughter generations of barley M1 and M2 is highly relevant. The aims of the study was the creation of a source material for barley breeding in the form of mutant lines with selectively valuable traits, by treating seeds with ionizing radiation using an electron accelerator of the Park of Nuclear Technologies JSC (Kurchatov, Republic of Kazakhstan); as well as to improve and expand the classical methods of breeding based on induced mutagenesis in creating an original gene pool of the source and breeding material of barley for the accelerated and effective introduction of stress tolerant(to salinization and drought) varieties into production in the conditions of Aral Sea impacted landscapes. Seeds of the two varieties of barley were treated with five doses of radiation (from 50 Gy to 250 Gy). The germination and various morphological characteristics of their seedlings at different growing phases were compared with the non-irradiated (control) treatment. The results of this preliminary study showed that both treated varieties were sensitive to the g-irradiation and showed suppressed morphological properties, where the highest dose of 250 Gy showed most inhibiting effect resulting in death of barely seedling. The results obtained will be applied for the further expanded research with other specified doses of g-ray treatment of seeds in order to create a basis in strengthening and deploying full-scale breeding work for diversified crop production in the region and improving existing varieties for further breeding.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71219189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Pejić, K. Mačkić, I. Bajić, V. Sikora, D. Simić, Milena Jančić-Tovjanin, B. Gajić
Analysis of irrigation scheduling of maize was done by using evaporation from the free water surface (Eo) and correction coefficients (k) and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficients (kc). The field experiment was carried out in 2018 on the Experimental field of the Institute of field and vegetable crops in the Department of alternative crops in Bački Petrovac. Maize hybrid NS 6030 was used for the trials. The plants were irrigated by a drip system with a lateral in each row with drippers spaced every 0.33 m. The drippers had an average flow rate of 2.0 l h-1 under the pressure of 70 kPa. The differences in yield of maize in the irrigation conditions were not statistically significant compared to the variant without irrigation because the year was favorable for maize production. As well there was no difference among variants used for the calculation of maize evapotranspiration. Maize evapotranspiration in the growing season (ETm) were 502 mm and 429 mm by using ETo and kc and Eo and k. Monthly values of ETm during the growing season were consistent regardless of the calculation methods, except in July. Values of ETm in July of 151 mm and 107 mm calculated by using ETo and kc and Eo and k methods as well the daily values which are correlated with the monthly have to be checked in irrigation scheduling of maize in the following investigation period. If statistical significance in maize yield between different methods of calculation is determined, the procedure with a higher yield has to be accepted in the calculation of ETm in the climatic conditions of the Vojvodina region. Otherwise, if the differences in maize yield are not statistical significance a method of calculation by using Eo and k will be recommended, because the value of the lower daily water used on maize evapotranspiration may be considered more realistic.
利用自由水面蒸发量(Eo)和校正系数(k)、参考蒸散量(ETo)和作物系数(kc)对玉米灌溉调度进行了分析。该大田试验于2018年在ba ki Petrovac替代作物部大田和蔬菜作物研究所的试验田进行。试验选用玉米杂交种NS 6030。植物采用滴灌系统进行灌溉，每排有一个横向的滴管，每隔0.33米。在70 kPa压力下，滴管平均流量为2.0 l h-1。由于年份是玉米生产的有利年份，灌溉条件下的玉米产量与不灌溉的玉米产量差异无统计学意义。在计算玉米蒸散量时，各变异间也没有差异。玉米生长季蒸散量(ETm)分别为502 mm和429 mm。除7月外，不同计算方法的月蒸散量基本一致。利用ETo和kc、Eo和k法计算出的7月份151 mm和107 mm的ETm值，以及与月相关的日值，在后续调查期的玉米灌溉调度中需要进行核对。如果确定不同计算方法之间玉米产量的统计显著性，则在伏伊伏丁那地区气候条件下，计算ETm时必须接受产量较高的方法。否则，如果玉米产量差异不具有统计学意义，则建议使用Eo和k计算方法，因为玉米蒸腾日用水量较低的值可能更现实。
{"title":"Calculation of maize evapotranspiration using evaporation and reference evapotranspiration methods","authors":"B. Pejić, K. Mačkić, I. Bajić, V. Sikora, D. Simić, Milena Jančić-Tovjanin, B. Gajić","doi":"10.5937/zembilj2002015p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2002015p","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of irrigation scheduling of maize was done by using evaporation from the free water surface (Eo) and correction coefficients (k) and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficients (kc). The field experiment was carried out in 2018 on the Experimental field of the Institute of field and vegetable crops in the Department of alternative crops in Bački Petrovac. Maize hybrid NS 6030 was used for the trials. The plants were irrigated by a drip system with a lateral in each row with drippers spaced every 0.33 m. The drippers had an average flow rate of 2.0 l h-1 under the pressure of 70 kPa. The differences in yield of maize in the irrigation conditions were not statistically significant compared to the variant without irrigation because the year was favorable for maize production. As well there was no difference among variants used for the calculation of maize evapotranspiration. Maize evapotranspiration in the growing season (ETm) were 502 mm and 429 mm by using ETo and kc and Eo and k. Monthly values of ETm during the growing season were consistent regardless of the calculation methods, except in July. Values of ETm in July of 151 mm and 107 mm calculated by using ETo and kc and Eo and k methods as well the daily values which are correlated with the monthly have to be checked in irrigation scheduling of maize in the following investigation period. If statistical significance in maize yield between different methods of calculation is determined, the procedure with a higher yield has to be accepted in the calculation of ETm in the climatic conditions of the Vojvodina region. Otherwise, if the differences in maize yield are not statistical significance a method of calculation by using Eo and k will be recommended, because the value of the lower daily water used on maize evapotranspiration may be considered more realistic.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71219300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It’s well known that the basic condition for halomorfic soils formation is appearance of ascedent saline ground water rising in both, arid-semi arid regions, as well as existence of one season high temperature such as in Vojvodina (“Slatinas” of Banat and Backa). The precioius technological procedures and instruction, relared to selection and choicement of the experimental datas and results, have been implemented in order to verify applied metodes and procedures of halomorphic soils desalinization. The analysed and adopted experimental fields in Banat and Backa were anticipated as the regions of complexive amelioration of Slatinas, extended near by the natural and artificial water resourses (Danube, Sava, Tisa etc.). Evaluations of Pedogenetical process, as well as forming of our soils and the soils where the basic experiments have been established are rather similar. The soils formed by the alluvial deposites after big rivers streams flooding are concerned. Intensive and permanent temperature inconstantation in South East Europe Desalinization of slatinas, Žeželj, et al., ZEMLJISTE I BILJKA, VOL. 68, No. 1, 45-60 46 during the summer months period have a greate influence in moving the climatic characteristics toward the semi arid climatic condition, distinguished by the high air temperature and lack of rainfalls. Conception, methods and technological procedures in Slatinas amelioration have beed applied at the locations of part of Banat and Backa regions halomorphic soils related to two classes, sush as: Solončak (Banat), Solonjec (Bačka). Investigated soils were classified into 3 classes: Class I (salinity range ECo<20 mmhos/cm, with small range of reclamative-amelioration measures), Class II (salinity range 20
众所周知，盐化土形成的基本条件是在干旱-半干旱地区均出现上升的含盐地下水上升，以及伏伊伏丁那(巴纳特和巴卡的“斯拉蒂纳斯”)等一季高温的存在。为了验证半胚土壤脱盐的应用方法和程序，实施了与实验数据和结果的选择和选择有关的宝贵的工艺程序和说明。在巴纳特和巴卡分析和采用的试验田预计将作为斯拉蒂纳斯的综合改良区域，在自然和人工水资源(多瑙河、萨瓦河、蒂萨河等)附近扩展。对我国土壤的成土过程和形成的评价与建立了基础实验的土壤相当相似。研究了大江、小流泛滥后冲积沉积物形成的土壤。东南欧洲强烈和持久的温度变化，Žeželj, et al. slatinas的脱盐，ZEMLJISTE I BILJKA, VOL. 68, No. 1, 45-60 46在夏季期间对气候特征向以高气温和少降雨为特征的半干旱气候条件移动有很大影响。在巴纳特和巴卡地区的部分同形土壤，如:solon ak(巴纳特)、Solonjec(巴卡)，已经应用了Slatinas改良的概念、方法和技术程序。所调查的土壤分为3类:第一类(盐度范围ECo<20 mmhos/cm，采用小范围的改良措施)，第二类(盐度范围20
{"title":"Monitoring of desalinization procedures of \"slatinas\" of Banat and Bačka","authors":"B. Žeželj, Z. Hojka, Predrag Dimovski","doi":"10.5937/ZEMBILJ1901045Q","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/ZEMBILJ1901045Q","url":null,"abstract":"It’s well known that the basic condition for halomorfic soils formation is appearance of ascedent saline ground water rising in both, arid-semi arid regions, as well as existence of one season high temperature such as in Vojvodina (“Slatinas” of Banat and Backa). The precioius technological procedures and instruction, relared to selection and choicement of the experimental datas and results, have been implemented in order to verify applied metodes and procedures of halomorphic soils desalinization. The analysed and adopted experimental fields in Banat and Backa were anticipated as the regions of complexive amelioration of Slatinas, extended near by the natural and artificial water resourses (Danube, Sava, Tisa etc.). Evaluations of Pedogenetical process, as well as forming of our soils and the soils where the basic experiments have been established are rather similar. The soils formed by the alluvial deposites after big rivers streams flooding are concerned. Intensive and permanent temperature inconstantation in South East Europe Desalinization of slatinas, Žeželj, et al., ZEMLJISTE I BILJKA, VOL. 68, No. 1, 45-60 46 during the summer months period have a greate influence in moving the climatic characteristics toward the semi arid climatic condition, distinguished by the high air temperature and lack of rainfalls. Conception, methods and technological procedures in Slatinas amelioration have beed applied at the locations of part of Banat and Backa regions halomorphic soils related to two classes, sush as: Solončak (Banat), Solonjec (Bačka). Investigated soils were classified into 3 classes: Class I (salinity range ECo<20 mmhos/cm, with small range of reclamative-amelioration measures), Class II (salinity range 20<ECo<20 mmhos/cm, with medium range measures to be applied), Class III (range bof salinity 40<ECo<40 mmhos/cm at 25 o C, big range of measures and procedures required).","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71218487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Land, as one of the basic environmental factors, is under large impact by intensive agricultural production, urbanisation, mining activities, erosion caused by anthropogenic factors, etc., which can easily result in its degradation. The unplanned land use increases the risks of degradation and reduction of the land resource. Chemical pollution, unfavourable physical and mechanical characteristics, disruption and accumulation processes, infrastructural occupancy of land represent only few forms of the land degradation. The largest portion of the land in the Republic of Serbia is covered by forests, and only then agricultural, water and construction land. The land use, management and protection is regulated by legislation and planning documents, which are the object of this paper. In the first part of the document analysis, the focus is on the review of the relevant laws adopted in Serbia, such as the Law on Forests, the Law on Spatial Planning and Construction, the Law on Environmental Protection, the Law on Land Protection, and the Law on Agricultural Land, bearing in mind the fact that the legislation forms a basis for further implementation of the planning management and supervision of the land use of all types and purposes. The other part of the review deals with the planning acts as pioneering documents in the integral overview of space, and/or all the activities in it. To that purpose, several spatial plans for different types of areas and different primary functions of land use have been chosen. In its conclusion, this paper explains the symbiosis of legislation and planning documents, and/or their implementation, as well as the significance of such symbiosis for the land function and its sustainable utilisation in the Republic of Serbia.
{"title":"The land use and soil protection: Planning and legal regulations in Serbia","authors":"L. Bezbradica, Marijana Pantić, A. Gajić","doi":"10.5937/ZEMBILJ1902051B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/ZEMBILJ1902051B","url":null,"abstract":"Land, as one of the basic environmental factors, is under large impact by intensive agricultural production, urbanisation, mining activities, erosion caused by anthropogenic factors, etc., which can easily result in its degradation. The unplanned land use increases the risks of degradation and reduction of the land resource. Chemical pollution, unfavourable physical and mechanical characteristics, disruption and accumulation processes, infrastructural occupancy of land represent only few forms of the land degradation. The largest portion of the land in the Republic of Serbia is covered by forests, and only then agricultural, water and construction land. The land use, management and protection is regulated by legislation and planning documents, which are the object of this paper. In the first part of the document analysis, the focus is on the review of the relevant laws adopted in Serbia, such as the Law on Forests, the Law on Spatial Planning and Construction, the Law on Environmental Protection, the Law on Land Protection, and the Law on Agricultural Land, bearing in mind the fact that the legislation forms a basis for further implementation of the planning management and supervision of the land use of all types and purposes. The other part of the review deals with the planning acts as pioneering documents in the integral overview of space, and/or all the activities in it. To that purpose, several spatial plans for different types of areas and different primary functions of land use have been chosen. In its conclusion, this paper explains the symbiosis of legislation and planning documents, and/or their implementation, as well as the significance of such symbiosis for the land function and its sustainable utilisation in the Republic of Serbia.","PeriodicalId":33795,"journal":{"name":"Zemljiste i biljka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71218511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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