Abstract Game-based approaches are emerging in many fields, such as education, social sciences, marketing and government. Most studies debate its role in consolidating learning, guided by both internal and external rewards. These approaches are also being applied in rehabilitation, where patients must undergo a re-learning process of motor gestures after an injury to a body structure. In physiotherapy, much importance is given to analytical-functional movement aspects, but less to the recovery of the complete experience, including motivation, perception, and emotional experience of the patient during the process. The aim of this narrative review is to investigate the role of subjective experience in the application of gamification in physiotherapy, considering the added value it provides to recovery by involving neural structures, not just motor functions. By analyzing the most investigated aspects in using gamification in rehabilitation, we will outline the primary methods of investigation into the engagement and emotions involved in the process. Through a selection of scientific articles found on main databases, we identified articles investigating the patient’s experience. The analysis of these articles was based on aspects related to the recovery of movement, the technology used, as well as the methods of investigation and collection of qualitative data regarding the emotions and perceptions of patients during the gamification experience. The results are divided into two primary topics. Overall, this review supports the idea that gamification could represent a rehabilitation approach integrating physiotherapy, more suitable for the final stages of recovery, such as returning to work or sports.
{"title":"Gamification in Rehabilitation: The Role of Subjective Experience in a Multisensory Learning Context – A Narrative Review","authors":"Giulia Sgubin, Manuela Deodato, Luigi Murena","doi":"10.2478/gth-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gth-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Game-based approaches are emerging in many fields, such as education, social sciences, marketing and government. Most studies debate its role in consolidating learning, guided by both internal and external rewards. These approaches are also being applied in rehabilitation, where patients must undergo a re-learning process of motor gestures after an injury to a body structure. In physiotherapy, much importance is given to analytical-functional movement aspects, but less to the recovery of the complete experience, including motivation, perception, and emotional experience of the patient during the process. The aim of this narrative review is to investigate the role of subjective experience in the application of gamification in physiotherapy, considering the added value it provides to recovery by involving neural structures, not just motor functions. By analyzing the most investigated aspects in using gamification in rehabilitation, we will outline the primary methods of investigation into the engagement and emotions involved in the process. Through a selection of scientific articles found on main databases, we identified articles investigating the patient’s experience. The analysis of these articles was based on aspects related to the recovery of movement, the technology used, as well as the methods of investigation and collection of qualitative data regarding the emotions and perceptions of patients during the gamification experience. The results are divided into two primary topics. Overall, this review supports the idea that gamification could represent a rehabilitation approach integrating physiotherapy, more suitable for the final stages of recovery, such as returning to work or sports.","PeriodicalId":33799,"journal":{"name":"Gestalt Theory","volume":"10 1","pages":"121 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139352858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary This paper presents and contextualizes the construct of Aesthetic Relational Knowing (ARK), as the intuitive experience of the therapist that emerges from the phenomenological field created in a meeting between therapist and client. The concept of isomorphism is considered as an epistemological turning point and a possible bridge connecting Gestalt therapy, Gestalt theory and Neurosciences. An example of the clinical consequences of this change of perspective is given. Moreover, a validation pilot study has shown that ARK is described by three factors: empathy, resonance and bodily awareness. The ARK can be defined as a three-dimensional construct that supports the positive use of the therapist’s perception in terms of aesthetic knowing of the phenomenological field of the therapeutic situation. The construct of Aesthetic Relational Knowing can be considered a phenomenological, aesthetic and field-oriented contribution to psychotherapy training, supervision and research.
{"title":"The construct of Aesthetic Relational Knowing: a scale to describe the perceptive capacity of psychotherapists in therapeutic situations","authors":"M. Lobb","doi":"10.2478/gth-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gth-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This paper presents and contextualizes the construct of Aesthetic Relational Knowing (ARK), as the intuitive experience of the therapist that emerges from the phenomenological field created in a meeting between therapist and client. The concept of isomorphism is considered as an epistemological turning point and a possible bridge connecting Gestalt therapy, Gestalt theory and Neurosciences. An example of the clinical consequences of this change of perspective is given. Moreover, a validation pilot study has shown that ARK is described by three factors: empathy, resonance and bodily awareness. The ARK can be defined as a three-dimensional construct that supports the positive use of the therapist’s perception in terms of aesthetic knowing of the phenomenological field of the therapeutic situation. The construct of Aesthetic Relational Knowing can be considered a phenomenological, aesthetic and field-oriented contribution to psychotherapy training, supervision and research.","PeriodicalId":33799,"journal":{"name":"Gestalt Theory","volume":"116 1","pages":"139 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139352500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary In his Theory of language, written in 1934, the psychologist Karl Bühler proposes applying the concept of Gestalt, developed at that time in philosophy and psychology, to the study of linguistic phenomena. This paper outlines and critically examines Bühler’s proposal. In particular, this paper highlights the two-sided approach that Bühler takes. Bühler shows that both the sound shape (Gestalt) and phonematic signalment (elements) are required for the recognition of linguistic phenomena. Accordingly, two methods of word recognition can be identified in the speaker and listener. The questions that arise in this context about the content of the perception realized when a word is heard will be briefly presented in this paper.
{"title":"Teil und Ganzes in Karl Bühlers Sprachtheorie","authors":"Janette Friedrich","doi":"10.2478/gth-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gth-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In his Theory of language, written in 1934, the psychologist Karl Bühler proposes applying the concept of Gestalt, developed at that time in philosophy and psychology, to the study of linguistic phenomena. This paper outlines and critically examines Bühler’s proposal. In particular, this paper highlights the two-sided approach that Bühler takes. Bühler shows that both the sound shape (Gestalt) and phonematic signalment (elements) are required for the recognition of linguistic phenomena. Accordingly, two methods of word recognition can be identified in the speaker and listener. The questions that arise in this context about the content of the perception realized when a word is heard will be briefly presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":33799,"journal":{"name":"Gestalt Theory","volume":"3 1","pages":"31 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper discusses the theories underlying Walter Gropius’ conception of science. Starting with “Is There a Science of Design?” written by Gropius in 1947, the influences of Ganzheitspsychologie and the New Look on Perception are traced. In particular, the contribution of Earl C. Kelley is analyzed. Subsequently, Gropius’ phenomenological approach, insights on expressive qualities, and the relationship between man- environment are discussed. Finally, the influences of Gestalt theory and spiritualistic psychology on Gropius’s conception of science and perception are outlined.
摘要 本文讨论了沃尔特-格罗皮乌斯科学概念的基本理论。从格罗皮乌斯 1947 年撰写的《设计有科学吗》开始，追溯了 Ganzheitspsychologie 和 New Look on Perception 的影响。其中特别分析了厄尔-C-凯利的贡献。随后，讨论了格罗皮乌斯的现象学方法、对表现特质的见解以及人与环境的关系。最后，概述了格式塔理论和灵性心理学对格罗皮乌斯的科学和感知概念的影响。
{"title":"Science of perception for design: the view of Walter Gropius","authors":"Michele Sinico","doi":"10.2478/gth-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gth-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper discusses the theories underlying Walter Gropius’ conception of science. Starting with “Is There a Science of Design?” written by Gropius in 1947, the influences of Ganzheitspsychologie and the New Look on Perception are traced. In particular, the contribution of Earl C. Kelley is analyzed. Subsequently, Gropius’ phenomenological approach, insights on expressive qualities, and the relationship between man- environment are discussed. Finally, the influences of Gestalt theory and spiritualistic psychology on Gropius’s conception of science and perception are outlined.","PeriodicalId":33799,"journal":{"name":"Gestalt Theory","volume":"32 1","pages":"101 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139352825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nachruf auf Michael Wertheimer (1927 - 2022)","authors":"V. Sarris, A. Stock","doi":"10.2478/gth-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gth-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33799,"journal":{"name":"Gestalt Theory","volume":"15 1","pages":"7 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139352333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary In the current cognitive theory of music, concepts of Gestalt psychology are referred to in various ways. For example, neurocognitive models of music perception address the formation of auditory Gestalts as a stage in the formation of meaning. However, this view runs counter to central premises of Gestalt psychology of Carl Stumpf’s school, which precisely did not describe Gestalts as synthesized phenomena. Nevertheless, it is argued here, borrowing from Gestalt concepts can promote current non-reductionist positions. They conceptualize musical perception not in the ways of information theory, but of phenomenology and action theory. Here the theory of affordance developed by J.J. Gibson in close collaboration with his wife Eleanor J. Gibson stands out. It was explicitly introduced into musicological research by Eric Clarke, but without reference to its Gestalt psychological roots. The article explores theories of musical affordance with the help of further methodological tools, which can be assigned to the philosophical schools of direct realism and constructivism. They open up the possibility of a non-cognitivist and non-representational perspective on musical perception. It turns out that Gestalt psychological concepts also have a catalytic effect on the expansion of our understanding of musical perception in this constellation, although this connection has hardly been visible so far.
摘要 在当前的音乐认知理论中，格式塔心理学的概念以各种方式被提及。例如，音乐感知的神经认知模型将听觉格式塔的形成视为意义形成的一个阶段。然而，这种观点与卡尔-斯通普夫（Carl Stumpf）学派格式塔心理学的核心前提背道而驰，后者恰恰没有将格式塔描述为综合现象。然而，本文认为，借用格式塔概念可以促进当前的非还原论立场。他们不是以信息论的方式，而是以现象学和行动论的方式将音乐感知概念化。在此，吉布森（J.J. Gibson）与其妻子埃莉诺-吉布森（Eleanor J. Gibson）密切合作提出的 "可承受性"（affordance）理论尤为突出。该理论被埃里克-克拉克（Eric Clarke）明确引入音乐学研究，但并未提及其格式塔心理学根源。文章借助更多的方法论工具探讨了音乐承受力理论，这些工具可归属于直接现实主义和建构主义哲学流派。它们为音乐感知的非认知主义和非表象视角提供了可能性。事实证明，格式塔心理学概念也对拓展我们对音乐感知的理解具有催化作用，尽管这种联系迄今为止还很难被发现。
{"title":"Musical Affordances and the Gestalt Legacy: enriching music perception","authors":"Sebastian Klotz","doi":"10.2478/gth-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gth-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In the current cognitive theory of music, concepts of Gestalt psychology are referred to in various ways. For example, neurocognitive models of music perception address the formation of auditory Gestalts as a stage in the formation of meaning. However, this view runs counter to central premises of Gestalt psychology of Carl Stumpf’s school, which precisely did not describe Gestalts as synthesized phenomena. Nevertheless, it is argued here, borrowing from Gestalt concepts can promote current non-reductionist positions. They conceptualize musical perception not in the ways of information theory, but of phenomenology and action theory. Here the theory of affordance developed by J.J. Gibson in close collaboration with his wife Eleanor J. Gibson stands out. It was explicitly introduced into musicological research by Eric Clarke, but without reference to its Gestalt psychological roots. The article explores theories of musical affordance with the help of further methodological tools, which can be assigned to the philosophical schools of direct realism and constructivism. They open up the possibility of a non-cognitivist and non-representational perspective on musical perception. It turns out that Gestalt psychological concepts also have a catalytic effect on the expansion of our understanding of musical perception in this constellation, although this connection has hardly been visible so far.","PeriodicalId":33799,"journal":{"name":"Gestalt Theory","volume":"203 1","pages":"65 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139352690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary In natural face-to-face interactions, verbal communication always occurs in association with expressions of nonverbal behavior. The functional contribution of these multimodal aspects to the meaning of the message and to its effects fulfils multiple communicative functions that differ according primarily to the speaker’s intentions, to the interpersonal relations between the speaker and the addressee, to the nature of the message, and to the context. When nonverbal behavior is reproduced in a written literary text, it becomes functional to the textual and narrative process as it serves as a signifier for the reader. A fictional character is never fixed and unchanging. Through writing, each author encourages the explicit or implicit evocation of a multisensory world, which readers decode and reconstruct, inevitably conditioned by their cognitive and cultural environment. In this paper, we refer to Salinger’s famous novel The Catcher in the Rye to analyze the literary valence of representing the characters’ multisensory communication, focusing on the core relationship between the explicit and the implicit parts in reconstructing the psychological depth of a literary character.
{"title":"Reconstructed multisensoriality. Reading The Catcher in the Rye","authors":"Maria Paola Tenchini, Andrea Sozzi","doi":"10.2478/gth-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gth-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In natural face-to-face interactions, verbal communication always occurs in association with expressions of nonverbal behavior. The functional contribution of these multimodal aspects to the meaning of the message and to its effects fulfils multiple communicative functions that differ according primarily to the speaker’s intentions, to the interpersonal relations between the speaker and the addressee, to the nature of the message, and to the context. When nonverbal behavior is reproduced in a written literary text, it becomes functional to the textual and narrative process as it serves as a signifier for the reader. A fictional character is never fixed and unchanging. Through writing, each author encourages the explicit or implicit evocation of a multisensory world, which readers decode and reconstruct, inevitably conditioned by their cognitive and cultural environment. In this paper, we refer to Salinger’s famous novel The Catcher in the Rye to analyze the literary valence of representing the characters’ multisensory communication, focusing on the core relationship between the explicit and the implicit parts in reconstructing the psychological depth of a literary character.","PeriodicalId":33799,"journal":{"name":"Gestalt Theory","volume":"14 1","pages":"49 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139352306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Since language is the collective focus of this series, the present paper follows both historiographical and theoretical perspectives. The first deals with Prague as a Middle-European town, with a German and Czech University from 1882, where a philosopher, Anton Marty, from the Brentano school, focuses on language and semasiology in the framework of a psychology from an empirical standpoint. He cites Christian von Ehrenfels, and underscores the relational approach to psychic dynamism but, crucially, he emphasises the oscillations between linguistic “sketches” and semantic comprehension. Sprache ist eine Skizze, listeners are lead through suggestions, Nebenvorstellungen, to grasp meanings, Bedeutungen which do not coincide with the mere addition of explicit, variable components. Simultaneously, Vilém Mathesius, forthcoming founder (1926) of the Prague Linguistic Circle, dealing with English language and literature, enquires into the spontaneous ability of listeners to grasp, infer, integrate ellipsis in a sentence, consisting of a missing word, in omissione vocabuli, quod non dictum tamen cogitatur. Language enquiries will then require psychology, will aim to explain inferences, to infer implicit from explicit. The effort to obtain the whole, via super- or even subsummativity processes, has been a special topic for Gestalt psychology. Context being the proper habitat for both language and mind, we follow the fil rouge which leads directly to Gestalt contributions and further developments, e.g., inferential semantics and pragmatics. In conversation, as in architecture, less is more. We strive to prove this.
摘要 由于语言是本系列的集体焦点，本文从历史学和理论学两个角度展开论述。首先，布拉格作为一个中欧城镇，自 1882 年以来一直是一所德国和捷克大学，来自布伦塔诺学派的哲学家安东-马蒂从实证的角度出发，在心理学的框架内重点研究了语言和语义学。他引用了克里斯蒂安-冯-埃伦费尔斯（Christian von Ehrenfels）的观点，强调了心理动力的关系方法，但最重要的是，他强调了语言 "草图 "与语义理解之间的摇摆。在《Sprache ist eine Skizze》一书中，听众通过 "建议"（Nebenvorstellungen）来理解 "意义"（Bedeutungen），而这些意义并不仅仅是明确的、可变的成分。与此同时，即将成立（1926 年）的 "布拉格语言学圈"（Prague Linguistic Circle）的创始人、研究英语语言和文学的维莱姆-马西休斯（Vilém Mathesius）研究了听者自发掌握、推断、整合句子中省略号的能力，省略号由一个缺失的单词（in omissione vocabuli, quod non dictum tamen cogitatur）组成。语言研究需要心理学，旨在解释推论，从显性推论出隐性。通过超和、甚至亚和过程获得整体的努力，一直是格式塔心理学的一个特殊课题。语境是语言和思维的适当栖息地，我们沿着直接通向格式塔贡献和进一步发展（如推理语义学和语用学）的 "胭脂之路 "前进。在对话中，正如在建筑中一样，少即是多。我们努力证明这一点。
{"title":"Language and Speech as Open, Context-dependent Wholes. A view from Prague","authors":"S. Raynaud","doi":"10.2478/gth-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gth-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since language is the collective focus of this series, the present paper follows both historiographical and theoretical perspectives. The first deals with Prague as a Middle-European town, with a German and Czech University from 1882, where a philosopher, Anton Marty, from the Brentano school, focuses on language and semasiology in the framework of a psychology from an empirical standpoint. He cites Christian von Ehrenfels, and underscores the relational approach to psychic dynamism but, crucially, he emphasises the oscillations between linguistic “sketches” and semantic comprehension. Sprache ist eine Skizze, listeners are lead through suggestions, Nebenvorstellungen, to grasp meanings, Bedeutungen which do not coincide with the mere addition of explicit, variable components. Simultaneously, Vilém Mathesius, forthcoming founder (1926) of the Prague Linguistic Circle, dealing with English language and literature, enquires into the spontaneous ability of listeners to grasp, infer, integrate ellipsis in a sentence, consisting of a missing word, in omissione vocabuli, quod non dictum tamen cogitatur. Language enquiries will then require psychology, will aim to explain inferences, to infer implicit from explicit. The effort to obtain the whole, via super- or even subsummativity processes, has been a special topic for Gestalt psychology. Context being the proper habitat for both language and mind, we follow the fil rouge which leads directly to Gestalt contributions and further developments, e.g., inferential semantics and pragmatics. In conversation, as in architecture, less is more. We strive to prove this.","PeriodicalId":33799,"journal":{"name":"Gestalt Theory","volume":"15 1","pages":"21 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139352494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In recent years, the term experimental phenomenology has come to refer to the work of various researchers, mainly Italian, of whom Gaetano Kanizsa and Paolo Bozzi are the most representative. Their work is well presented in this article by Bianchi and Burro (2022). My objection is to what I consider to be the misnomer and misleading name “experimental phenomenology,” which gives the impression that we are dealing with a homogeneous group following a unified approach. However, this is not the case. The phenomenological view is not the same for everyone, ranging from borrowings from Gestalt theory, as in Kanizsa, to Gibsonian ecologism, as in Bozzi. And, most importantly, the research designs of these researchers are only sometimes experimental, sometimes quasi-experimental, but more often non-experimental.
{"title":"Experimental phenomenology (?) – A rejoinder to Bianchi & Burro (2022)","authors":"Riccardo Luccio","doi":"10.2478/gth-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/gth-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent years, the term experimental phenomenology has come to refer to the work of various researchers, mainly Italian, of whom Gaetano Kanizsa and Paolo Bozzi are the most representative. Their work is well presented in this article by Bianchi and Burro (2022). My objection is to what I consider to be the misnomer and misleading name “experimental phenomenology,” which gives the impression that we are dealing with a homogeneous group following a unified approach. However, this is not the case. The phenomenological view is not the same for everyone, ranging from borrowings from Gestalt theory, as in Kanizsa, to Gibsonian ecologism, as in Bozzi. And, most importantly, the research designs of these researchers are only sometimes experimental, sometimes quasi-experimental, but more often non-experimental.","PeriodicalId":33799,"journal":{"name":"Gestalt Theory","volume":"26 1","pages":"17 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139352507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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