The vilification and subsequent destruction of feminine robots is a surprisingly common trope in film and literature. This essay draws connections between three very different works—Fritz Lang’s Metropolis, Villier’s Tomorrow’s Eve, and E.T.A. Hoffman’s The Sandman—and posits a shared narrative reason for the deaths of the three artificial women: male projection. Comparing and contrasting the three death scenes with each other as well as other texts on feminine literature and projection demonstrates how little substance there is to these “out of control” women/technologies beyond the faults of the men who create them. Furthermore, this essay brings up a prudent question: could these artificial women have become something more if it were not for the displaced guilt and projected egos of the men around them?
{"title":"Burning Woman: Sexualized Robots and the Vilification of Women in Metropolis and its Precursors","authors":"Cassian Grove","doi":"10.5399/uo/ourj.19.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5399/uo/ourj.19.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The vilification and subsequent destruction of feminine robots is a surprisingly common trope in film and literature. This essay draws connections between three very different works—Fritz Lang’s Metropolis, Villier’s Tomorrow’s Eve, and E.T.A. Hoffman’s The Sandman—and posits a shared narrative reason for the deaths of the three artificial women: male projection. Comparing and contrasting the three death scenes with each other as well as other texts on feminine literature and projection demonstrates how little substance there is to these “out of control” women/technologies beyond the faults of the men who create them. Furthermore, this essay brings up a prudent question: could these artificial women have become something more if it were not for the displaced guilt and projected egos of the men around them?","PeriodicalId":338305,"journal":{"name":"Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121337336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biases and heuristics are mental shortcuts that help guide our daily decision making and cognitive processing but can often lead us astray when they account for inaccurate or misinterpreted information. In this review I aim to understand how the spotlight effect (Gilovich et al., 2000), the overestimation of how attentive others are to our actions, and the illusion of transparency (Gilovich et al., 1998), the overestimation of how easily others can discern our internal state, maintain social anxiety by disrupting the anchoring component these shortcuts rely on. Through a detailed analysis of major research conducted by Brown and Stopa (2007) and Haikal and Hong (2010), I was able to synthesize the empirical findings, discuss clinical implications, and propose future directions for research.
偏见和启发是帮助指导我们日常决策和认知过程的心理捷径，但当它们解释不准确或误解的信息时，往往会使我们误入歧途。在这篇综述中，我的目标是理解聚光灯效应(Gilovich et al.， 2000)，高估他人对我们行为的关注程度，以及透明错觉(Gilovich et al.， 1998)，高估他人如何轻易地识别我们的内部状态，通过破坏这些捷径所依赖的锚定成分来维持社交焦虑。通过详细分析Brown and Stopa(2007)和Haikal and Hong(2010)的主要研究，我能够综合实证研究结果，讨论临床意义，并提出未来的研究方向。
{"title":"How Egocentric Biases Maintain Social Anxiety: A Literature Review","authors":"Kyra Mingus","doi":"10.5399/uo/ourj.19.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5399/uo/ourj.19.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Biases and heuristics are mental shortcuts that help guide our daily decision making and cognitive processing but can often lead us astray when they account for inaccurate or misinterpreted information. In this review I aim to understand how the spotlight effect (Gilovich et al., 2000), the overestimation of how attentive others are to our actions, and the illusion of transparency (Gilovich et al., 1998), the overestimation of how easily others can discern our internal state, maintain social anxiety by disrupting the anchoring component these shortcuts rely on. Through a detailed analysis of major research conducted by Brown and Stopa (2007) and Haikal and Hong (2010), I was able to synthesize the empirical findings, discuss clinical implications, and propose future directions for research.","PeriodicalId":338305,"journal":{"name":"Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115970022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Within the white supremacist imaginary has emerged a highly sensationalized figure: the "homophobic Muslim." Islam's proximity to Blackness fosters the Islamophobic ascription of criminality and bigotry to Muslims. Homophobia and heterosexism, however, in addition to the notions of gender and sexuality themselves, are white supremacist constructs, dating back to the Middle Passage. Thus, the "homophobic Muslim" narrative operates as a branch of white supremacy, positioning the racialized migrant subject as both illegitimate and threatening, as well as camouflaging the innate anti-Blackness of homophobia altogether. Through examination of the works of numerous preeminent Black feminists and other LGBT academics of color, this paper delves into the anti-Black origins of Islamophobia and the Islamophobic nature of the dissemination of the "homophobic Muslim" in popular discourse, as well as the coloniality of gender, sexuality, and homophobia. Labeling Muslims as the source of homophobia and bigotry more generally also functions to justify structural violence against the "homophobic Muslim" at the same time that it claims that such a figure is a threat to the neoliberal democracy. Findings include the examination of Iran's sociopolitics and the relationships between contemporary LGBT folks and their Muslim families. Further research is necessary to establish a clear relationship both between the "homophobic Muslim" fiction and real, material violence committed against Muslim individuals, and between the imposition of Western heteropatriarchal systems around the world and the persistence of bigoted attitudes towards homosexuality in imperialized regions, while white spaces increasingly claim to be moving in "progressive," liberal directions.
{"title":"The Sensationalization of the \"Homophobic Muslim\": Tracing the Roots of Islamophobia and Homophobia","authors":"N. Safdari","doi":"10.5399/UO/OURJ.15.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5399/UO/OURJ.15.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Within the white supremacist imaginary has emerged a highly sensationalized figure: the \"homophobic Muslim.\" Islam's proximity to Blackness fosters the Islamophobic ascription of criminality and bigotry to Muslims. Homophobia and heterosexism, however, in addition to the notions of gender and sexuality themselves, are white supremacist constructs, dating back to the Middle Passage. Thus, the \"homophobic Muslim\" narrative operates as a branch of white supremacy, positioning the racialized migrant subject as both illegitimate and threatening, as well as camouflaging the innate anti-Blackness of homophobia altogether. Through examination of the works of numerous preeminent Black feminists and other LGBT academics of color, this paper delves into the anti-Black origins of Islamophobia and the Islamophobic nature of the dissemination of the \"homophobic Muslim\" in popular discourse, as well as the coloniality of gender, sexuality, and homophobia. Labeling Muslims as the source of homophobia and bigotry more generally also functions to justify structural violence against the \"homophobic Muslim\" at the same time that it claims that such a figure is a threat to the neoliberal democracy. Findings include the examination of Iran's sociopolitics and the relationships between contemporary LGBT folks and their Muslim families. Further research is necessary to establish a clear relationship both between the \"homophobic Muslim\" fiction and real, material violence committed against Muslim individuals, and between the imposition of Western heteropatriarchal systems around the world and the persistence of bigoted attitudes towards homosexuality in imperialized regions, while white spaces increasingly claim to be moving in \"progressive,\" liberal directions.","PeriodicalId":338305,"journal":{"name":"Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128377504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: (2019). 9 p.
报送大学生图书馆研究奖奖学金竞赛:(2019)。9 p。
{"title":"Sa’di and the Safavid: The Material Culture of a Treasured Persian Manuscript Now at UO","authors":"Elmira Louie","doi":"10.5399/UO/OURJ.15.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5399/UO/OURJ.15.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: (2019). 9 p.","PeriodicalId":338305,"journal":{"name":"Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123493012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guest Editorial: The Power of Undergraduate Research","authors":"J. Snodgrass","doi":"10.5399/UO/OURJ.15.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5399/UO/OURJ.15.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338305,"journal":{"name":"Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"79 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123178133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: (2019). 24 p.
报送大学生图书馆研究奖奖学金竞赛:(2019)。24 p。
{"title":"When Worlds Collide: Manichaeism and Christianity in Late Antiquity","authors":"S. McClain","doi":"10.5399/UO/OURJ.15.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5399/UO/OURJ.15.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: (2019). 24 p.","PeriodicalId":338305,"journal":{"name":"Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122423313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To better understand the cognitive processes necessary for successful verbal fluency (a measure of retrieval from long-term memory) performance and why individuals differ in performance, the present study (n = 148) examined relations between fluency, originality, corrected fluency, working memory capacity, and crystallized intelligence. Results demonstrated that fluency significantly and positively correlated with originality; however, many of the relations between fluency, originality, corrected fluency, working memory capacity, and crystallized intelligence varied across the different category fluency tasks (animals and supermarket items). Additionally, an examination of the output position (order) of recalled items indicated that original items tended to be emitted towards the end of the recall period. Recalling common items prior to unique items may serve as a strategy by which participants begin their search through long-term memory by focusing on the most easily accessible items before emitting less accessible items. Indeed, individuals who increasingly recalled common items before unique items tended to recall more items overall, but this finding also varied across the fluency tasks. Collectively, the results suggest that originality, working memory capacity, crystallized intelligence, and output position are all factors that should be taken into consideration when accounting for variation in verbal fluency performance.
{"title":"The Role of Originality in Retrieval from Long-Term Memory: Relations Between Fluency, Originality, Working Memory Capacity, and Crystallized Intelligence","authors":"Dillon H. Murphy","doi":"10.5399/UO/OURJ.15.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5399/UO/OURJ.15.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"To better understand the cognitive processes necessary for successful verbal fluency (a measure of retrieval from long-term memory) performance and why individuals differ in performance, the present study (n = 148) examined relations between fluency, originality, corrected fluency, working memory capacity, and crystallized intelligence. Results demonstrated that fluency significantly and positively correlated with originality; however, many of the relations between fluency, originality, corrected fluency, working memory capacity, and crystallized intelligence varied across the different category fluency tasks (animals and supermarket items). Additionally, an examination of the output position (order) of recalled items indicated that original items tended to be emitted towards the end of the recall period. Recalling common items prior to unique items may serve as a strategy by which participants begin their search through long-term memory by focusing on the most easily accessible items before emitting less accessible items. Indeed, individuals who increasingly recalled common items before unique items tended to recall more items overall, but this finding also varied across the fluency tasks. Collectively, the results suggest that originality, working memory capacity, crystallized intelligence, and output position are all factors that should be taken into consideration when accounting for variation in verbal fluency performance.","PeriodicalId":338305,"journal":{"name":"Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127000228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: (2019). 20 p.
报送大学生图书馆研究奖奖学金竞赛:(2019)。20便士。
{"title":"The Ethics of Developing New Treatments: A Case Study of the West African Ebola Outbreak and the Use of Randomized Control Trials","authors":"Nelly Noubossi","doi":"10.5399/UO/OURJ.15.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5399/UO/OURJ.15.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: (2019). 20 p.","PeriodicalId":338305,"journal":{"name":"Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114630624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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