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Market fire disaster experience in Lagos State, Nigeria: The chronicle of traders 尼日利亚拉各斯州的市场火灾经验:交易者的编年史
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/zbdght2102104m
M. Alabi, Bankole Adekalu, A. Popoola
Urban market fire disasters in recent times are becoming rampant, rendering many homeless and loss of livelihood. This study examines response and recovery measures to market fires in Lagos metropolis using market fire data from the Lagos State Fire Service and questionnaire from traders who are victims of fire disaster in the area. In this study, questionnaire was administered to two hundred and fifty market traders in twenty-five markets of sixteen local government area where fire disaster occurred. Interview was also conducted for market stakeholders and government officials. Findings from the analysis show that in a seven year period market fires have affected over 50 markets in Lagos metropolis. Traders reported that response to fire calls has been poor from emergency responders who, more often than not, arrive late and ill-equipped at fire scenes. Traders have also often been helpless resorting to crude and less effective means of firefighting like pouring water and detergent solution on the fire. It also shows that 68.6% of the market fires were caused by electrical faults. The Chi-square analysis revealed an observed difference in the recovery duration amongst markets affected with a chi-square coefficient of 0.000, in which biasness was observed in the distribution of relief materials amongst the different local government involved with a chi-square coefficient of 0.000. The study reveals that the rate and duration amongst markets affected varied with wealth of the traders and the type of wares sold. Some traders never returned after the incident. It also appears from the field study that markets in the affected areas were not designed or prepared to combat fire eventualities due to their inaccessibility to fire fighting vehicles. Some others were far from the available water hydrants and lacked enough fire extinguishers. The study concluded that Lagos market fire outbreaks are avoidable incidences. However, it would remain recurrent if the markets vulnerable are not restructured for safety. The researchers recommend that governments at all levels should strengthen the capacity and revitalise emergency management agencies towards urban market fire disaster preparedness and mitigation.
近年来,城市市场火灾愈演愈烈,使许多人无家可归,失去生计。本研究使用拉各斯州消防局的市场火灾数据和该地区火灾受害者的贸易商问卷调查了拉各斯大都市市场火灾的反应和恢复措施。本研究对16个发生火灾的地方政府辖区25个市场的250名市场经营者进行问卷调查。对市场利益相关者和政府官员也进行了访谈。分析结果显示,在7年的时间里,市场火灾影响了拉各斯大都市的50多个市场。交易员报告称,紧急救援人员对火警呼叫的反应一直很差,他们往往到达火灾现场较晚,设备也不完善。交易员们也常常无能为力,只能求助于向火上倒水和洗涤剂等粗糙而不太有效的灭火手段。报告还显示,68.6%的市场火灾是由电气故障引起的。卡方分析显示,受影响市场之间的恢复持续时间存在差异,卡方系数为0.000,其中,不同地方政府之间的救济物资分配存在偏倚,卡方系数为0.000。研究表明,受影响的市场之间的汇率和持续时间因交易者的财富和所售商品的类型而异。事件发生后,一些交易员再也没有回来。从实地研究中还可以看出,受影响地区的市场由于无法进入消防车,因此其设计或准备工作都没有考虑到可能发生的火灾。其他一些地方离可用的消防栓很远,缺乏足够的灭火器。该研究得出结论,拉各斯市场的火灾是可以避免的事件。然而,如果脆弱的市场不进行安全重组,这种情况仍将反复出现。研究人员建议,各级政府应该加强能力,振兴应急管理机构,以应对城市市场火灾的防灾减灾。
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引用次数: 2
Service management and guest satisfaction for the hotel industry in Abeokuta, Nigeria 尼日利亚阿贝奥库塔酒店行业的服务管理和客人满意度
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/zbdght2101052c
Edwin Chigozie-Nwokorie
This study investigates the impact of service management on guest satisfaction in the hotel industry in five medium hotels in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria. A sample size of 154 was selected for the study, in which 102 usable responses were analyzed in inferential statistics for means and standard deviation. Pearson correlation, Analysis of Variance, and Ordinary List Squares were compared to measure relationships between variables through the formulated hypotheses for the study. Findings revealed a significant relationship between sufficient service management and guest satisfaction, while the relationship between guest goodwill and service management in the study area is not statistically significant. The study recommends the essentiality for the employer to provide adequate motivation to enhance workforce dedication to facilitate guest satisfaction.
本研究调查了尼日利亚西南部阿贝奥库塔五家中型酒店服务管理对酒店行业客人满意度的影响。本研究选取154个样本量,其中102个可用回复进行了均值和标准差的推理统计分析。通过制定研究假设,比较Pearson相关性、方差分析和普通列表平方来衡量变量之间的关系。调查结果显示,充分的服务管理与客人满意度之间存在显著的关系,而研究区域的客人善意与服务管理之间的关系在统计上不显著。该研究建议,雇主必须提供足够的激励,以提高员工的奉献精神,以促进客人满意度。
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引用次数: 1
Functional food: Supply and demand in a modern society 功能食品:现代社会的供给与需求
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/ZBDGHT2002195G
B. Grubor, B. Kalenjuk, Marko Radivojša, M. Ćirić
Functional food represents a group of foodstuffs which satisfies not only basic, but also additional physiological needs, improves health and reduces the risk of disease. The subject of this paper is functional food from the aspect of supply and demand in hospitality facilities, as a modern trend in nutrition. The aim of the research is to provide answers to the following questions, which refer to the hospitality sector: Are hospitality workers familiar with characteristics of functional food? Do hospitality workers face demand of functional food? Is there an option of preparing functional food in restaurants where the respondents work? Are guests willing to pay extra for preparation of food which is beneficial to their health? The survey included respondents (n= 105) in restaurants in Novi Sad (AP Vojvodina, Serbia). Based on the conducted survey, we came to a conclusion that workers are acquainted with the term of functional food. Visitors of hospitality facilities (guests) often demand such food, and restaurants have an option of preparing food which is beneficial to health, but consumers are not completely prepared to compensate on food taste for health benefits.
功能食品是指不仅能满足基本需求,而且能满足额外生理需求、增进健康和降低疾病风险的一类食品。本文的主题是功能性食品作为现代营养学的发展趋势,从酒店设施的供需角度进行研究。研究的目的是提供以下问题的答案,这涉及到酒店业:酒店工作人员是否熟悉功能食品的特点?酒店工作人员是否面临功能性食品的需求?是否有在受访者工作的餐厅准备功能食品的选择?客人是否愿意为准备有益健康的食物额外付费?该调查包括诺维萨德(塞尔维亚伏伊伏丁那省)餐馆的105名受访者。根据所进行的调查,我们得出一个结论,即工人对功能食品这个术语是熟悉的。接待设施的访客(客人)经常要求这样的食物,餐馆可以选择准备对健康有益的食物,但消费者还没有完全准备好为了健康而牺牲食物的味道。
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引用次数: 1
Assessment of the conditions of educational facilities in selected Local Government Areas in Kaduna State, Nigeria 对尼日利亚卡杜纳州选定的地方政府地区的教育设施条件进行评估
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/zbdght2001081k
E. Kanayochukwu, B. Dogo, Olumide Akinwumi Oluwole, A. Oluwafemi, J. Ajibuah, Daful Mwanret, Sadiq Queen
Researches Review DGTH | 49-1, 81–98 | 2020 ABSTRACT: This paper was aimed at examining the conditions of educational facilities in public schools in selected Local Government Areas in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Physical inventories were carried out using the Educational Facilities Assessment Form (EFAF). Multistage sampling technique was used to select 9 Local Government Areas (LGAs). Data were analyzed using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) 4.10 and Spearman Rank Correlation. The findings revealed that 88% of the schools do not have water supply while 22% have no roof, and 11.4% have power supply. It discovered that 32.9% of the schools were mud buildings while 4.2 % has no structure and less than 24 % has toilet facilities. Kaduna South LGA has the highest score (2.1) in the conditions of water facilities while Kajuru and Birnin Gwari LGAs have the lowest. Lere LGA has the least condition (1.1) of toilet facilities while Kaduna South LGA has the best (1.9). For conditions of building facilities, Zaria LGA was first followed by Kaduna South and Jemaá LGA. There was no significant relationship between public school and population of the LGAs, given that the calculated t-value (-0.222) was less than the critical t-value of (0.267). The GWR revealed a significant association between age of schools and the conditions of educational facilities at 0.05 significance level. The paper concluded that the conditions of educational facilities are not in disarray and properly maintained due to poor funding thus, requires urgent action. It therefore, recommends the implication of the UNESCO’s benchmark of demands 26% annual budget and 6% of the gross domestic product be invested in education.
摘要:本文旨在调查尼日利亚卡杜纳州部分地方政府辖区公立学校的教育设施状况。使用教育设施评估表(EFAF)进行实物调查。采用多阶段抽样技术,选取了9个地方政府辖区。数据分析采用地理加权回归(GWR) 4.10和Spearman秩相关。调查结果显示,88%的学校没有供水,22%的学校没有屋顶,11.4%的学校有电力供应。调查发现,32.9%的学校是泥建筑,4.2%的学校没有结构,不到24%的学校有厕所设施。在水设施条件方面,卡杜纳南部地区得分最高(2.1分),卡朱鲁和比宁瓜里地区得分最低。Lere LGA的厕所设施条件最低(1.1),而卡杜纳南LGA的厕所设施条件最好(1.9)。在建筑设施条件方面,Zaria LGA首先是Kaduna South和jema LGA。公立学校与地方自治团体人口之间没有显著的关系,因为计算的t值(-0.222)小于临界t值(0.267)。GWR显示学校年龄与教育设施条件之间存在显著的相关关系,在0.05的显著水平上。本文的结论是,由于资金不足,教育设施的条件并不混乱,维护得很好,因此需要紧急采取行动。因此,它建议教科文组织要求将26%的年度预算和6%的国内生产总值投资于教育的基准的含义。
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引用次数: 1
Extreme July precipitation and its consequences on Crna Trava municipality, Serbia 塞尔维亚克纳特拉瓦市7月极端降水及其后果
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/zbdght1902112p
Marijana Petrović, Renata Fekete, M. Ostojić, G. Radaković
ABSTRACT: Even though climate variability, geology, and human activity are main triggers of landslides, based on earlier research, precipitation is considered the most important natural factor responsible for soil erosion in the landslide context. In this study landslide activation has been correlated with precipitation in least developed municipality of Crna Trava located in South-east Serbia. The purpose of this study is analyzing the precipitation in thirteen surrounding settlements: Vranje, Leskovac, Babušnica, Bela Palanka, Pirot, Dimitrovgrad, Kalna, Kriva Feja, Vladičin Han, Vučje, Vlasotince, Grdelica, Brestovac and finding its correlation to landslide occurrences. Precipitation for seven decades (period 1946-2017) has been interpolated by IDW method in the software ArcMap 10.5 and correlated to Crna Trava slope map. Potential locations of landslides were determined and compared to the recent landslides which occurred in July in 2018, in Bankovci village. Potential years for landslide activation were compared to calculated values of The Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI), The Modified Fournier Index (MFI), and Lang Aridity Index (AILang). The case study was done based on fieldwork which happened in a period from 20 to 26 of July 2018 in the village of Bankovci. On the 25 of July landslides were activated because of the extreme weather conditions, which affected wider region in Central and South-east Serbia: 100 liters of rain fell during the three-hour period. Habitants were interviewed about their memories on extreme floods and landslides in Crna Trava municipality, and the years they mentioned are in well agreement with our results of the extreme precipitation events.
摘要:尽管气候变率、地质和人类活动是诱发滑坡的主要因素,但根据以往的研究,降水被认为是滑坡环境下土壤侵蚀最重要的自然因素。在本研究中,滑坡激活与位于塞尔维亚东南部的最不发达城市Crna Trava的降水相关。本研究的目的是分析周围13个定居点的降水:Vranje、Leskovac、Babušnica、Bela Palanka、Pirot、Dimitrovgrad、Kalna、Kriva Feja、vladi in Han、vu je、Vlasotince、Grdelica、Brestovac,并寻找其与滑坡发生的相关性。在arcmap10.5软件中采用IDW方法插值了1970年(1946-2017)的降水量,并与Crna Trava坡度图进行了相关。确定了山体滑坡的潜在位置,并与2018年7月在Bankovci村发生的山体滑坡进行了比较。将滑坡激活的潜在年数与降水浓度指数(PCI)、修正富尼耶指数(MFI)和朗干旱指数(AILang)的计算值进行了比较。案例研究是基于2018年7月20日至26日在Bankovci村进行的实地调查。7月25日,由于极端的天气条件,引发了山体滑坡,影响到塞尔维亚中部和东南部的广大地区:3小时内降雨量达100升。我们采访了Crna Trava市的居民,询问他们对极端洪水和山体滑坡的记忆,他们提到的年份与我们对极端降水事件的结果非常吻合。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in the number of Slovaks in Vojvodina in the last half century and the impact on the sustainability of Slovakia's architectural heritage 在过去的半个世纪里,伏伊伏丁那省斯洛伐克人数量的变化以及对斯洛伐克建筑遗产可持续性的影响
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/zbdght1901029b
Milka Bubalo-Živković, Bojan Đerčan, T. Lukić
Researches Review DGTH | 48-1, 29–45 | 2019 ABSTRACT: Slovaks represent an ethnic group which is facing the problem of depopulation. This process is the result of low natural population growth, as well as emigration. In the last three decades, and especially in the last decade, there has been an intensive displacement of the inhabitants of certain ethnic groups who went back to their home countries. The Slovaks began to emigrate in the 1980s, and this process has been intensified in the last ten years. Although the number of Slovaks in Vojvodina has been reduced, this ethnic group manages to preserve its identity through cultural institutions, ethno houses, various events, magazines, books, radio and television shows in their mother tongue. During this period, when the displacement of Slovaks, as well as members of other ethnic groups, became increasingly intensified the importance of the sustainability of the national identity of ethnic groups in these regions was emphasized. Although the economic situation in Serbia is far from ideal, members of national minorities manage to preserve their customs as well as material goods, i.e. the architectural heritage. The Slovaks collected items that had a different purpose and opened ethno houses, i.e. they renovated and protected the houses that were one, two, and more than two centuries old. It seems that today this custom is even more intensified, as the number of Slovaks in Vojvodina is falling at a high rate.
摘要:斯洛伐克人是一个面临人口减少问题的民族。这一过程是低自然人口增长和移民的结果。在过去三十年中,特别是在过去十年中,某些种族群体的居民大量流离失所,回到他们的祖国。斯洛伐克人在1980年代开始移民,这一进程在过去十年中得到加强。虽然伏伊伏丁那的斯洛伐克人的人数减少了,但这个民族通过文化机构、民族住宅、各种活动、杂志、书籍、以母语播放的广播和电视节目,设法保持了其特性。在这一时期,当斯洛伐克人和其他族裔群体成员流离失所的情况日益加剧时,强调了维持这些地区族裔群体的民族特性的重要性。虽然塞尔维亚的经济状况远非理想,但少数民族成员设法保留了他们的习俗和物质产品,即建筑遗产。斯洛伐克人收集了有不同用途的物品,并开设了民族房屋,也就是说,他们翻新和保护了有一个、两个和两个多世纪历史的房屋。今天,随着伏伊伏丁那的斯洛伐克人数量急剧下降,这种习俗似乎更加猖獗。
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引用次数: 3
Artificial light at night as an unrecognized threat to protected areas of Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (North Serbia) 夜间人造光对伏伊伏丁那自治省(北塞尔维亚)保护区构成未被认识的威胁
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/zbdght1901046b
Dajana Bjelajac, Bojan Đerčan
ABSTRACT: In the last two decades, artificial light at night has increased at alarming rates on global level and numerous negative effects of excessive artificial lighting are characterized as light pollution. However, light pollution has not gained enough attention such as water or air pollution, even though researchers are finding more and more evidence of its adverse impact on the environment. This phenomenon is mostly unknown in Serbia (and wider region), and consequences of light pollution have not yet been assessed. Autonomous Province of Vojvodina has 165 protected areas which cover a surface of approximately 2048 km2 and are home to a large number of strictly protected species. Furthermore, due to its geographical location and characteristics of the relief, Vojvodina is intersected by numerous ecological corridors, especially for avifauna. Likewise, this region is also highly populated and has dense road network which is usually located nearby protected areas. Since artificial lighting is present wherever there are human activities, it can be assumed that protected areas and ecological corridors in Vojvodina Province are endangered with light pollution. The aim of this paper is to present the basic concept of light pollution problematic, and to define the biggest light emitters in Vojvodina and surrounding in order to outline the most endangered protected areas by this pollutant.
摘要:近二十年来,全球范围内的夜间人工照明以惊人的速度增长,过度人工照明的诸多负面影响以光污染为特征。然而,尽管研究人员发现越来越多的证据表明光污染对环境有不利影响,但光污染并没有像水或空气污染那样得到足够的重视。这种现象在塞尔维亚(以及更广泛的地区)基本上是未知的,光污染的后果尚未得到评估。伏伊伏丁那自治省有165个保护区,面积约为2048平方公里,是许多受到严格保护的物种的家园。此外,由于其地理位置和地形特征,伏伊伏丁那被许多生态走廊相交,特别是鸟类。同样,该地区人口稠密,道路网络密集,通常位于保护区附近。由于有人类活动的地方都有人工照明,因此可以认为伏伊伏丁那省的保护区和生态走廊受到光污染的威胁。本文的目的是介绍光污染问题的基本概念,并确定伏伊伏丁那省及周边地区最大的光源,以概述受这种污染物危害最大的保护区。
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引用次数: 5
The first Serbian printed cookbook: Look at the historical gastronomy 塞尔维亚第一本印刷烹饪书:看看历史美食
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/zbdght1901068s
M. Stojanović
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引用次数: 0
From Romania to Germany: A complex motivation of post-Communist ethnic migration: Case study: Germans of Romania 从罗马尼亚到德国:后共产主义种族移民的复杂动机:个案研究:罗马尼亚的德国人
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/zbdght1902143c
Silviu Costachie, D. Weckmüller, Gheorghe Lixandrescu
Researches Review DGTH | 48-2, 143–159 | 2019 ABSTRACT: Starting from the Romanian Revolution this article gives an insight to the reasons of emigration movements from Romania to Germany between 1989 and 2017. Different emigration periods are portrayed by regarding the given political events and its effects on the people. Connecting official statistical data and a case study considering reasons, locations, and circumstances, an overview of the diversity of motivation for emigration to Germany is depicted. Furthermore, the role of the German Minorities of Romania, respectively, the Transylvanian Saxons and the Banat Swabs, as an important cohort within the emigrating people, is examined.
摘要:本文以罗马尼亚革命为切入点,分析1989年至2017年罗马尼亚移民德国的原因。不同的移民时期通过考虑特定的政治事件及其对人民的影响来描绘。将官方统计数据与考虑原因、地点和环境的案例研究联系起来,概述了移民到德国的动机的多样性。此外,还考察了罗马尼亚的日耳曼少数民族,分别是特兰西瓦尼亚撒克逊人和巴纳特斯瓦布人,作为移民人口中的一个重要群体的作用。
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引用次数: 0
The Tisza River valley tourism in regional planning documents of Serbia and Hungary: Common tourism development on the external border of the EU 塞尔维亚和匈牙利区域规划文件中的Tisza河谷旅游:欧盟外部边界的共同旅游发展
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/zbdght1902160n
I. Nagy, A. Dragin, Anđelija Ivkov-Džigurski, Miroslav D. Vujičić, K. Košić
ABSTRACT: One of the key development goals of the EU regional policy is the development of the less developed regions and the enhancement of the cooperation with symmetrical cross-border regions, including the possibility of cooperation at the EU’s external borders. Serbia belongs to this category, and the current cross-border cooperational contacts in the border regions with the EU member states are mainly successful. The purpose of this study is to present the development documents that address the topic of tourism in the Tisza Region, a cross-border region of Serbia and Hungary, at the level of national, regional and local development documents in Hungary and Serbia, as well as according to international projects that focus in the complementary tourism sectors and joint activities in the region. The main research results show that the analyzed strategic documents point to similar and competitive guidelines for the development of tourism in the neighbouring Tisza Regions of Hungary and Serbia in terms of their content. It has been found that the focus is on the individual tourist motives in the cross-border region, but also that there are development processes that are coordinately implemented owing to the regional and rural policy and the EU assistance, on the one hand, and the open borders that allow free communication throughout the entire region, on the other.
摘要:欧盟区域政策的主要发展目标之一是发展欠发达地区,加强与对称跨境地区的合作,包括在欧盟外部边界开展合作的可能性。塞尔维亚属于这一类,目前与欧盟成员国在边境地区的跨境合作接触主要是成功的。本研究的目的是在匈牙利和塞尔维亚的国家、区域和地方发展文件的层面上,以及根据侧重于该地区互补旅游部门和联合活动的国际项目,提出解决Tisza地区旅游主题的发展文件,Tisza地区是塞尔维亚和匈牙利的跨境地区。主要研究结果表明,分析的战略文件指出,在其内容方面,匈牙利和塞尔维亚邻近的Tisza地区的旅游业发展具有类似和竞争性的指导方针。人们发现,重点是跨境地区的个人旅游动机,但由于区域和农村政策以及欧盟的援助,一方面有协调实施的发展进程,另一方面,开放的边界允许整个地区的自由交流。
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引用次数: 0
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Zbornik radova Departmana za geografiju turizam i hotelijerstvo
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