The tectonic as theoretical subject was carried on in the nineteenth century in the context of German culture and concerns the relationship between form and construction, focusing on the analysis of the correspondences between the constructive and static needs and the intents addressed to aesthetics. In Barcelona, oppressed by Francoism during the ‘50s and ‘60s, the will to be modern was expressed to a considerable extent through the reinvention of a language characterised by a successful synthesis between modernity and attention to local culture. Therefore the tectonic is an investigative tool that links the culture of Barcelona’s design with the broader koinè of modernity that has made tectonic one of its fundamentals. As in Italo Calvino’s novelist The Castle of crossed destines where different tales intersect, and the tellers are prompted by the symbols of a pack of cards so even in Barcelona the representative strength of Architecture interweaves with theoretical texts about tectonic providing a wider horizon to understand Barcelona architecture in the modern age.
{"title":"Crossed destinies: the tectonic and modern architecture in Barcelona during 50’s-60’s","authors":"Marco Lucchini, Gaspar Jaén i Urban","doi":"10.4995/ege.2023.19642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/ege.2023.19642","url":null,"abstract":"The tectonic as theoretical subject was carried on in the nineteenth century in the context of German culture and concerns the relationship between form and construction, focusing on the analysis of the correspondences between the constructive and static needs and the intents addressed to aesthetics. In Barcelona, oppressed by Francoism during the ‘50s and ‘60s, the will to be modern was expressed to a considerable extent through the reinvention of a language characterised by a successful synthesis between modernity and attention to local culture. Therefore the tectonic is an investigative tool that links the culture of Barcelona’s design with the broader koinè of modernity that has made tectonic one of its fundamentals. As in Italo Calvino’s novelist The Castle of crossed destines where different tales intersect, and the tellers are prompted by the symbols of a pack of cards so even in Barcelona the representative strength of Architecture interweaves with theoretical texts about tectonic providing a wider horizon to understand Barcelona architecture in the modern age.","PeriodicalId":33844,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Expresion Grafica en la Edificacion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42221866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is clear that in any rehabilitation works, it is necessary to extract data from the building and analyze this data well to carry out the different studies and conclusions. In this sense, it is necessary to understand the building and its parts in order to determine a more reliable and methodological approach to the conclusions, which, although on many occasions they are still hypotheses, are the most accurate approximation to the true knowledge of the monument. The graphic survey and the generation of documentation such as the geometric and trace study carried out in the process of architectural restoration, allow us to get closer to its authors and determine the character of the monument. The case of the facade of the convent of Benigànim (Valencia) is an example to carry out this methodology.
{"title":"The facade of the church of Saint Francis of Benigànim: the study during its restoration","authors":"L. Cortés Meseguer, José Pardo Conejero","doi":"10.4995/ege.2023.19740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/ege.2023.19740","url":null,"abstract":"It is clear that in any rehabilitation works, it is necessary to extract data from the building and analyze this data well to carry out the different studies and conclusions. In this sense, it is necessary to understand the building and its parts in order to determine a more reliable and methodological approach to the conclusions, which, although on many occasions they are still hypotheses, are the most accurate approximation to the true knowledge of the monument. The graphic survey and the generation of documentation such as the geometric and trace study carried out in the process of architectural restoration, allow us to get closer to its authors and determine the character of the monument. The case of the facade of the convent of Benigànim (Valencia) is an example to carry out this methodology.","PeriodicalId":33844,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Expresion Grafica en la Edificacion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49273164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
La participación comunitaria forma parte de las estrategias de comunicación. En el campo de la arquitectura y la edificación es un factor esencial ya que acercar al público a los edificios, a partir de la descripción y expresión de los objetos arquitectónicos, constituye una necesidad enmarcada en el ámbito de lo que es un concepto universal. En el caso de los edificios patrimoniales se persigue conseguir el aprecio de sus valores, por parte de la comunidad que lo habita y del público que lo visita. En este trabajo se pretende mostrar, a través de experiencias prácticas, por qué la participación comunitaria en la gestión y recuperación del patrimonio cultural se diferencian dependiendo de la fase de proyecto en la que se encuentre: antes, durante o después de las obras de restauración.
{"title":"La participación comunitaria en la restauración de edificios patrimoniales","authors":"Adela Ferrando Ortiz, María José Viñals Blasco","doi":"10.4995/ege.2023.19901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/ege.2023.19901","url":null,"abstract":"La participación comunitaria forma parte de las estrategias de comunicación. En el campo de la arquitectura y la edificación es un factor esencial ya que acercar al público a los edificios, a partir de la descripción y expresión de los objetos arquitectónicos, constituye una necesidad enmarcada en el ámbito de lo que es un concepto universal. En el caso de los edificios patrimoniales se persigue conseguir el aprecio de sus valores, por parte de la comunidad que lo habita y del público que lo visita. En este trabajo se pretende mostrar, a través de experiencias prácticas, por qué la participación comunitaria en la gestión y recuperación del patrimonio cultural se diferencian dependiendo de la fase de proyecto en la que se encuentre: antes, durante o después de las obras de restauración.","PeriodicalId":33844,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Expresion Grafica en la Edificacion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47462685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The disruptive events that have occurred in recent years encourage us to determine that science does not make free assessments of the climate situation. The territory, its resources, are in a phase of depredation, the environment, attacked. The result is a process of environmental degradation without a solution of continuity. We take great care in environmental words and discourses, we ignore the value of the image, that of "an image is worth a thousand words", which refers us to the value of graphic expression. Through its analysis in this article, we claim it as a proactive weapon in the defense of the environment, in the fight for a new paradigm alien to growing systems, to an educational environment to reverse the situation and determine environmental stability. Actions are difficult, but they are possible, and in chromatic semiotics we find a fundamental ally. The emotion, the feeling, is the first asset to remove to start the path of reversal.
{"title":"Territory and sustainability: graphic expressions against a dystopia","authors":"Luis Pérez Lores","doi":"10.4995/ege.2023.19592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/ege.2023.19592","url":null,"abstract":"The disruptive events that have occurred in recent years encourage us to determine that science does not make free assessments of the climate situation. The territory, its resources, are in a phase of depredation, the environment, attacked. The result is a process of environmental degradation without a solution of continuity. We take great care in environmental words and discourses, we ignore the value of the image, that of \"an image is worth a thousand words\", which refers us to the value of graphic expression. Through its analysis in this article, we claim it as a proactive weapon in the defense of the environment, in the fight for a new paradigm alien to growing systems, to an educational environment to reverse the situation and determine environmental stability. Actions are difficult, but they are possible, and in chromatic semiotics we find a fundamental ally. The emotion, the feeling, is the first asset to remove to start the path of reversal.","PeriodicalId":33844,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Expresion Grafica en la Edificacion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41959081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Saumell Lladó, Ángel Pizarro Polo, Tatiana L. Hatke
La búsqueda e integración de diversos métodos de levantamiento arquitectónico pretende lograr una mejor asimilación del espacio arquitectónico para darlo a conocer. En este caso concretado en un detalle parcial de la Iglesia de Santiago de Cáceres, como es un tramo de la cubierta, precisamente aquel que se separa de la traza unitaria de Gil de Hontañón, que abarca de la cabecera a los pies. El conocimiento y expresión gráfica de un elemento patrimonial resulta clave para su difusión y protección. El proceso seguido para la toma de datos y la consiguiente expresión gráfica arquitectónica permite presentar en imágenes conocimientos históricos recogidos en la literatura, pero lejos del gran público. La precisión en los resultados obtenidos por escáner es compatible con el conocimiento personal del espacio, que requiere una reflexión constante y un acercamiento físico al lugar con la participación de los cinco sentidos, permitiendo una razonada toma y tratamiento de los datos obtenidos.
{"title":"Análisis gráfico de rehabilitación de cubierta del siglo XVI de la iglesia de Santiago en Cáceres","authors":"Juan Saumell Lladó, Ángel Pizarro Polo, Tatiana L. Hatke","doi":"10.4995/ege.2023.19750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/ege.2023.19750","url":null,"abstract":"La búsqueda e integración de diversos métodos de levantamiento arquitectónico pretende lograr una mejor asimilación del espacio arquitectónico para darlo a conocer. En este caso concretado en un detalle parcial de la Iglesia de Santiago de Cáceres, como es un tramo de la cubierta, precisamente aquel que se separa de la traza unitaria de Gil de Hontañón, que abarca de la cabecera a los pies. El conocimiento y expresión gráfica de un elemento patrimonial resulta clave para su difusión y protección. El proceso seguido para la toma de datos y la consiguiente expresión gráfica arquitectónica permite presentar en imágenes conocimientos históricos recogidos en la literatura, pero lejos del gran público. La precisión en los resultados obtenidos por escáner es compatible con el conocimiento personal del espacio, que requiere una reflexión constante y un acercamiento físico al lugar con la participación de los cinco sentidos, permitiendo una razonada toma y tratamiento de los datos obtenidos.","PeriodicalId":33844,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Expresion Grafica en la Edificacion","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41630222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Casa de Los Diez, is in the heart of Santiago de Chile. This house represents an example of Chilean architectural heritage sites built in earth during the 19th Century. It stands out for its volumetric and architectural evolution, in addition to the interventions carried out by the artistic-cultural movement known as "Los Diez," who intervened it during the first half of the 20th Century, a period in which the complex achieved its maximum splendor. This article presents the research carried out on the construction system, morphology of the complex, and those interventions executed by “Los Diez” in the house. The diagnosis of the state of conservation is delivered, using methodologies based on field research and compilation of historical background. This article aims to disseminate Chilean heritage sites built on earth located in the country's central zone. And recognize the artistic-cultural contribution made by the Los Diez group, whose works in the house are still preserved.
Casa de Los Diez位于智利圣地亚哥的中心。这座房子代表了19世纪智利建筑遗产的一个例子。它以其体量和建筑的演变而引人注目，此外，在20世纪上半叶，被称为“Los Diez”的艺术文化运动对其进行了干预，在此期间，该建筑群达到了最大的辉煌。本文介绍了对建筑系统、综合体形态以及“Los Diez”在住宅中实施的干预措施进行的研究。采用基于实地调研和历史背景汇编的方法，对保护状况进行了诊断。这篇文章的目的是传播智利建立在地球上的遗产，位于该国的中心区。并承认Los Diez小组对艺术文化的贡献，他们在房子里的作品仍然保存着。
{"title":"The House of Ten, history and construction system","authors":"Maria Graciela Jofré Troncoso","doi":"10.4995/ege.2023.19272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/ege.2023.19272","url":null,"abstract":"The Casa de Los Diez, is in the heart of Santiago de Chile. This house represents an example of Chilean architectural heritage sites built in earth during the 19th Century. It stands out for its volumetric and architectural evolution, in addition to the interventions carried out by the artistic-cultural movement known as \"Los Diez,\" who intervened it during the first half of the 20th Century, a period in which the complex achieved its maximum splendor. This article presents the research carried out on the construction system, morphology of the complex, and those interventions executed by “Los Diez” in the house. The diagnosis of the state of conservation is delivered, using methodologies based on field research and compilation of historical background. This article aims to disseminate Chilean heritage sites built on earth located in the country's central zone. And recognize the artistic-cultural contribution made by the Los Diez group, whose works in the house are still preserved.","PeriodicalId":33844,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Expresion Grafica en la Edificacion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46676754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The survey of the real geometries of historical constructions and their graphic analysis becomes essential in the knowledge of past cultures, especially when there are no documentary references or architectural parallels to rely on. The study of the missing elevations of the tower in the Iberian settlement of Rochina can help to understand a way of building in the protohistoric period thanks to theoretical and justified three-dimensional tower recreations and their corresponding evaluations in terms of structural behaviour.
{"title":"Graphic and structural analysis for the knowledge of ancient architectural heritage: the case of the tower in the Iberian settlement of Rochina","authors":"A. Alonso Durá, Jose Vicente Llop Gil","doi":"10.4995/ege.2022.19031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/ege.2022.19031","url":null,"abstract":"The survey of the real geometries of historical constructions and their graphic analysis becomes essential in the knowledge of past cultures, especially when there are no documentary references or architectural parallels to rely on. The study of the missing elevations of the tower in the Iberian settlement of Rochina can help to understand a way of building in the protohistoric period thanks to theoretical and justified three-dimensional tower recreations and their corresponding evaluations in terms of structural behaviour.","PeriodicalId":33844,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Expresion Grafica en la Edificacion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48959032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junshan Liu, Antonio Galiano Garrigos, J. García-Valldecabres
The Master Plans (MP) used for Architectural Cultural Heritage conservation require specific standards for the documentation process. They must facilitate the achievement of the intended objectives about the knowledge acquisition and conservation of the building assets throughout the entire building lifecycle. Over time, the documentation of an MP, once the heritage building is under use, tends to become dispersed and the documentation generated during the building use is rarely introduced in the MP. Therefore, this contribution has the following objectives: 1) study of the requirements of MP deliverables; 2) study of the maturation requirements of the documentation processes and deliverables that are generated when applying the Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology to an MP; 3) investigate if the application of the BIM strategies are suitable to respond to the needs of an MP in such a way that knowledge and conservation of heritage buildings are achieved; 4) verify that the exchange of information and the collaborative work among the different disciplines that generate documentation and deliverables guarantee a single, comprehensive, open, three-dimensional, and clear repository.
{"title":"The need to implement Cultural Heritage Master Plans through the Building Information Modelling methodology","authors":"Junshan Liu, Antonio Galiano Garrigos, J. García-Valldecabres","doi":"10.4995/ege.2022.18597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/ege.2022.18597","url":null,"abstract":"The Master Plans (MP) used for Architectural Cultural Heritage conservation require specific standards for the documentation process. They must facilitate the achievement of the intended objectives about the knowledge acquisition and conservation of the building assets throughout the entire building lifecycle. Over time, the documentation of an MP, once the heritage building is under use, tends to become dispersed and the documentation generated during the building use is rarely introduced in the MP. Therefore, this contribution has the following objectives: 1) study of the requirements of MP deliverables; 2) study of the maturation requirements of the documentation processes and deliverables that are generated when applying the Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology to an MP; 3) investigate if the application of the BIM strategies are suitable to respond to the needs of an MP in such a way that knowledge and conservation of heritage buildings are achieved; 4) verify that the exchange of information and the collaborative work among the different disciplines that generate documentation and deliverables guarantee a single, comprehensive, open, three-dimensional, and clear repository.","PeriodicalId":33844,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Expresion Grafica en la Edificacion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46460809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucoli is a scattered municipality in the area of L’Aquila, in the Italian region of Abruzzo. In this place between the mountains of the conca Aquilana stands the Abbey of San Giovanni Battista, an important historic and religious site. Despite the damage suffered caused during the 2009 earthquake, the local people still use it and look at it as a symbol of community. With the aim of analyse and so mitigate the seismic vulnerability, the abbey has been the subject of an architectural survey with direct method in a first step, and then of digital laser scanning survey at a later stage, to integrate and verify the first.
{"title":"From direct to digital survey. The Abbey of San Giovanni Battista in Lucoli (L’Aquila)","authors":"Stefano Brusaporci, Andrea Ruggieri","doi":"10.4995/ege.2022.18902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/ege.2022.18902","url":null,"abstract":"Lucoli is a scattered municipality in the area of L’Aquila, in the Italian region of Abruzzo. In this place between the mountains of the conca Aquilana stands the Abbey of San Giovanni Battista, an important historic and religious site. Despite the damage suffered caused during the 2009 earthquake, the local people still use it and look at it as a symbol of community. With the aim of analyse and so mitigate the seismic vulnerability, the abbey has been the subject of an architectural survey with direct method in a first step, and then of digital laser scanning survey at a later stage, to integrate and verify the first.","PeriodicalId":33844,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Expresion Grafica en la Edificacion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45159389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teresa Gil Piqueras, Pablo Rodríguez-Navarro, José Eduardo Anaya Visbal
Para conocer un bien arquitectónico la mayor fuente de información es la que obtenemos a través del levantamiento gráfico. El avance tecnológico que hemos vivido en la última década ha supuesto una aproximación de la tecnología al usuario, permitiéndonos manejar herramientas y software hasta hace poco inimaginables, a la vez que obtener levantamientos de gran precisión en escaso tiempo de toma de datos. La investigación que aquí se muestra recoge el levantamiento del conjunto de las casas de pescadores situadas en el cabo de Cullera, actualmente propiedad del ayuntamiento. El objetivo del levantamiento es conocer, analizar y estudiar las casas con la intención de plantear estrategias que ayuden a su restauración, conservación y puesta en valor.
要了解一个好的建筑，最大的信息来源是我们通过图形调查获得的信息。我们在过去十年中所经历的技术进步使技术更接近用户，使我们能够使用直到最近都难以想象的工具和软件，同时在短时间内获得高精度的数据采集。这里展示的研究包括对位于cabo de Cullera的渔民住宅的调查，该住宅目前归市议会所有。调查的目的是了解、分析和研究这些房屋，目的是提出有助于修复、保护和提高价值的策略。
{"title":"Levantamiento gráfico digital del conjunto de casas de pescadores del cabo de Cullera (Valencia)","authors":"Teresa Gil Piqueras, Pablo Rodríguez-Navarro, José Eduardo Anaya Visbal","doi":"10.4995/ege.2022.17883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/ege.2022.17883","url":null,"abstract":"Para conocer un bien arquitectónico la mayor fuente de información es la que obtenemos a través del levantamiento gráfico. El avance tecnológico que hemos vivido en la última década ha supuesto una aproximación de la tecnología al usuario, permitiéndonos manejar herramientas y software hasta hace poco inimaginables, a la vez que obtener levantamientos de gran precisión en escaso tiempo de toma de datos. La investigación que aquí se muestra recoge el levantamiento del conjunto de las casas de pescadores situadas en el cabo de Cullera, actualmente propiedad del ayuntamiento. El objetivo del levantamiento es conocer, analizar y estudiar las casas con la intención de plantear estrategias que ayuden a su restauración, conservación y puesta en valor.","PeriodicalId":33844,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Expresion Grafica en la Edificacion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45013192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：