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Echoes of Romanticism and Expatriate Englishness in Charlotte Brontë's The Professor 夏洛特Brontë《教授》中浪漫主义与英国侨民的呼应
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/itx.2023.a907253
David Sigler
Echoes of Romanticism and Expatriate Englishness in Charlotte Brontë's The Professor David Sigler Charlotte Brontë's many debts to Romanticism, and especially Lord Byron, are a well-known feature of her fiction. Yet only recently has this become an important part of the discussion surrounding The Professor, her first-written and last-published novel. The novel, written between 1844 and 1846 and published posthumously in 1857, is increasingly seen to be in dialogue with William Wordsworth and Walter Scott, in addition to Byron. Anna Barton, seeing Brontë as "the pupil of Wordsworthian Romanticism" and "a daughter of Romanticism," shows how The Professor develops "intertextual exchanges that perform the failure of the Romantic lyric within the Victorian novel."1 Tanya Llewellyn has argued that the protagonist William Crimsworth, seemingly influenced by Byron's Turkish tales, Orientalizes the women in his life as a way to manage sexual threats.2 Mandy Swann, meanwhile, sees in Brontë's early work an ambivalent response to the Romantic figure of the poet-prophet, as part of the author's general struggle, early in her career, to theorize female creativity.3 Yet in other recent accounts, William Crimsworth seems to be as un-Byronic and un-Wordsworthian as possible. Crimsworth has been said to be a "particularly off-putting" narrator, "defensive and humourless," whose "dubious masculinity," passionlessness, and, in one reading, stiflingly repressed homosexuality render him a comically overliteral thinker.4 I will suggest that this incapacity in him for meaningful human engagement is what leads him to fixate on British Romantic poetry as a solution, however backhanded, to his erotic and professional difficulties. [End Page 30] Yet as the echoes of Romanticism that haunt his erotic and professional relations quickly take on lives of their own, they enable the story, and its ethical vision, to exceed William's control. Once the novel directs its protagonist's obsessive personality in the direction of Romantic poetry, it can become an intriguing meditation on ethics, expatriate Englishness, and time. William Crimsworth is a hardworking Englishman living and working in Brussels. The city, which William finds too "cosmopolitan," becomes the site of his zealous self-exploration as he mingles, ever defensively, with the locals.5 Approaching the city like "a morning traveller," as he puts it, William must analyze his foreignness if he is to survive his own residual and aspirational Englishness.6 The phrase "morning traveller" is drawn from Robert Southey's 1798 poem "The Traveller's Return," which describes love as an echo-effect. It is a very auditory poem: Southey's "morning traveller" spends the day listening to unfamiliar sounds, until, in the evening, he hears a "distant sheep-bell," which teaches him that "sweetest is the voice of Love / That welcomes his return."7 A sheep bell is, of course, a tracking mechanism, facilitating the free movement and eventua
夏洛特Brontë《大卫·西格勒教授》中浪漫主义与英国侨民的呼应夏洛特Brontë深受浪漫主义的影响,尤其是拜伦勋爵的影响,这是她的小说中一个众所周知的特点。然而直到最近,这才成为围绕着她的第一部也是最后一部出版的小说《教授》的讨论的重要部分。这部小说创作于1844年至1846年之间,在他死后于1857年出版。除了拜伦,人们越来越多地看到它与威廉·华兹华斯和沃尔特·斯科特的对话。安娜·巴顿将Brontë视为“华兹华斯浪漫主义的学生”和“浪漫主义的女儿”,她展示了教授如何发展“互文交流,从而弥补了维多利亚时代小说中浪漫主义抒情的失败”。坦尼娅·卢埃林认为,主人公威廉·克里姆斯沃斯似乎受到了拜伦的土耳其故事的影响,他将生活中的女性东方化,以此作为应对性威胁的一种方式与此同时,曼迪·斯万在Brontë的早期作品中看到了对诗人先知的浪漫主义形象的矛盾回应,这是作者在职业生涯早期将女性创造力理论化的总体斗争的一部分然而,在最近的其他报道中,威廉·克里姆斯沃斯似乎尽可能地不像拜伦和华兹华斯。克里姆斯沃斯被认为是一个“特别令人讨厌的”叙述者,“防守和无幽默感”,他的“可疑的男子气概”,缺乏激情,在一次阅读中,压抑得令人窒息的同性恋使他成为一个滑稽的过度文字化的思想家我想说的是,正是这种他无法进行有意义的人际交往的能力,导致他把英国浪漫主义诗歌作为解决他情爱和职业困难的方法,尽管这是一种反讽。然而,当浪漫主义的回声萦绕在他的情爱关系和职业关系中,它们很快就占据了自己的生命,它们使这个故事和它的道德愿景超出了威廉的控制。一旦小说将主人公的偏执人格引向浪漫主义诗歌的方向,它就可以成为对伦理、移居海外的英国人和时间的有趣思考。威廉·克里姆斯沃斯是一个在布鲁塞尔生活和工作的勤奋的英国人。威廉觉得这座城市太“国际化”了,当他与当地人打成一片时,他就成了热情的自我探索之地正如威廉所说,他像“一个早晨的旅行者”一样来到这座城市,如果他想要保留自己残留的、有理想的英国人的特质,他就必须分析自己的异乡感。“早晨的旅行者”这个短语出自罗伯特·索塞1798年的诗《旅行者的归来》,这首诗将爱情描述为一种回声效应。这是一首非常听觉化的诗:索塞笔下的“清晨的旅行者”整天倾听着陌生的声音,直到傍晚,他听到“远处的羊铃”,这让他明白“爱的声音最甜美/欢迎他的归来”。羊铃当然是一种追踪机制,促进羊的自由移动并最终回到牧羊人身边。索西的说话人学会了把握爱情和羊铃之间隐藏的相似之处。正如钟声的消逝和回归,象征着牲畜的流浪和回归,人类“早晨的旅行者”必须开始认同它。他自己,听到声音,被它审问,一旦它成为他的客观关联。Brontë的《教授》,在爱情方面,使用浪漫主义诗歌,包括索塞的诗歌,作为威廉的类似追踪工具。它不断地产生矛盾的回声,将主人公与英国联系起来,并确保他在国家意识形态机器中的地位。朱迪思·巴特勒(Judith Butler)观察到,“自相矛盾的是,我对自己的陌生感,正是我与他人的伦理联系的来源。”她解释说,因为自己的某些方面永远是令人困惑和无法解释的,我们应该假设其他人——看起来也可能是外国人和无法解释的——也有类似的恐慌。如果他们对自己的描述让我们难以理解,我们应该认识到,由于我们无法同情,我们肯定也会感到困惑,而他们,像我们一样,也可能对自己感到困惑。因此,通过对理解他人的纯粹怀疑,我们可以实现一种消极的共同人性。我们都可能遇到一个无法同化的内核……
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引用次数: 0
Facebook + Feminism + Cartesianism: Resurrecting "the Ghost in the Machine" Facebook +女权主义+笛卡尔主义:复活“机器中的幽灵”
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/itx.2023.a907255
Tegan Zimmerman
Facebook + Feminism + CartesianismResurrecting "the Ghost in the Machine" Tegan Zimmerman "The feminist 'we' is always and only a phantasmatic construction" but this "is not cause for despair or, at least, it is not only cause for despair. The radical instability of the category sets into question the foundational restrictions on feminist political theorizing and opens up other configurations, not only of genders and bodies, but of politics itself" —judith butler, gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity A specter is haunting online feminisms: the specters of René Descartes. Descartes' dualism theory, which purports a distinction between embodiment (body) and disembodiment (mind), rears its ghostly head when considering the context of digital culture, especially digital feminisms. The legacy of Cartesianism manifests in our digital interactions, which encourage accepting minds as superior and separate from bodies; in our neoliberal culture, particularly when it comes to highly individualized identity politics, this Cartesian move significantly impacts power structures and the way feminists think about (dis)embodiment. Prominent and wide-ranging feminist (e.g., Butler 1990/2006, 1997; Bordo 1992, 1999; Gatens 1996; Braidotti 2002) critiques of Cartesianism were especially influential in the late twentieth century, and today scholarship examining and troubling mind-body dualisms in digital media environments is readily found, e.g., Katie Warfield's "MirrorCameraRoom: The Gendered Multi-(in)stabilities of the Selfie" (2017) or Megan Boler's much-cited "Hypes, Hopes, and Actualities: New Digital Cartesianism and Bodies in Cyberspace" (2007). [End Page 81] Feminist criticism theorizing Cartesianism in relation to Facebook specifically, however, is understudied. The goal of this article, then, is to bring Descartes' cogito, which is infrequently referenced explicitly in social media literature, into conversation with feminist scholarship on Facebook and feminist political discourses on (dis)embodiment. As feminist media scholars (Turkle 2011; Colebrook 2014; Crossley 2015, 2017; Baer 2016; McLean, Maalsen, and Grech 2016; Megarry 2017; Pruchniewska 2017) contend, activity on social media like Facebook constitutes an important part of folx's everyday feminism, and the number of people turning to the virtual realm as a medium for political identity, subjectivity, and activity is increasing. Among the many platforms of social media used by feminists, Facebook is particularly advantageous because of its unique Groups category. In this article, I concentrate on a closed member, feminist Facebook group called Feminist X, and I attribute its problems—the intense monitoring of posts for a certain kind of individualized identity politics, an aggressive call-out culture, hostility toward and disparagement of opposing viewpoints, paradoxical assertions and disavowals of users as embodied or disembodied, and members frequently leaving the group for
蒂根·齐默尔曼“女权主义的‘我们’永远只是一种虚幻的建构”,但这“不是绝望的原因,或者至少不是绝望的唯一原因”。这一范畴的极端不稳定性,对女权主义政治理论的基本限制提出了质疑,并开启了其他配置,不仅是性别和身体的配置,而且是政治本身的配置。”——朱迪思·巴特勒,性别问题:女权主义和身份的颠覆。笛卡儿的二元论理论主张体现(身体)和分离(心灵)之间的区别,在考虑数字文化的背景时,尤其是数字女权主义时,它就会浮出水面。笛卡尔主义的遗产体现在我们的数字互动中,它鼓励人们接受思想是优越的,与身体是分离的;在我们的新自由主义文化中,特别是当涉及到高度个性化的身份政治时,这种笛卡尔式的举动显著地影响了权力结构和女权主义者思考(非)化身的方式。杰出而广泛的女权主义者(如Butler 1990/2006, 1997;Bordo 1992,1999;Gatens 1996;布雷多蒂(Braidotti, 2002)对笛卡尔主义的批评在20世纪后期尤其有影响力,今天,在数字媒体环境中研究和困扰身心二元论的学术研究很容易找到,例如,凯蒂·沃菲尔德(Katie Warfield)的《镜像相机室:自拍的性别多元稳定性》(2017)或梅根·博勒(Megan Boler)被广泛引用的《炒作、希望和现实:网络空间中的新数字笛卡尔主义和身体》(2007)。然而,将笛卡尔主义理论化的女权主义批评与Facebook的具体关系尚未得到充分研究。因此,本文的目的是将笛卡尔的“我思”(cogito)与Facebook上的女权主义学术以及女权主义政治话语(disembodiment)进行对话,这一概念在社交媒体文学中很少被明确提及。作为女权主义媒体学者(Turkle 2011;科尔布鲁克2014;克罗斯利2015,2017;贝尔2016;McLean, Maalsen, and Grech, 2016;Megarry 2017;Pruchniewska(2017)认为,Facebook等社交媒体上的活动构成了folx日常女权主义的重要组成部分,越来越多的人转向虚拟领域作为政治认同、主体性和活动的媒介。在女权主义者使用的众多社交媒体平台中,Facebook因其独特的群组类别而尤其具有优势。在这篇文章中,我集中讨论了一个封闭的成员,一个名为女权主义X的Facebook小组,我把它的问题归结为新自由主义的数字笛卡尔主义——对某种个性化身份政治的帖子的严密监控,一种激进的号召文化,对对立观点的敌意和贬低,对有形体或无形体的用户的矛盾断言和否认,以及成员经常离开这个小组。Boler(2007)认为,“笛卡尔思想和身体二元论的新自由主义版本通过在强调种族和国家差异的同时抹去它们来出售差异;差异或身体被承认,在话语中作为某种障碍,并通过重新强调思想或超越差异或身体而被“取代””(143)。我认为,女权主义者X试图抵制性别歧视、同性恋恐惧症、变性恐惧症、种族主义等,所有这些都是具体化的现象,并援引具体化,同时,这个团体实践了一种新自由主义的数字笛卡尔主义,这种主义似乎证明了对仅以文本形式表达的话语政治的监督是正当的——成员们从未面对面地见面。这些紧张关系大大削弱和破坏了该组织的女权主义目标。Boler澄清说:“以文本为基础,以计算机为媒介的数字文化重新包装了笛卡尔的愿望,即超越‘污染真相’的身体。因此,这种在网络文化中产生的明显的分离给批判的、女权主义的和进步的教育工作者带来了真正的困境,他们花了几十年的时间来确保“身体”被认为是知识生产的必要条件(Grosz, 1993;[End Page 82] Probyn, 1993;东部,1996)”(142)。依赖于计算机媒介的交流和订阅新自由主义的数字版本笛卡尔的我思(Boler 143)妥协了女权主义者X对化身、行动主义和集体的评价和承诺。女权X是一个成立于2011年的私人封闭小组,是Facebook上关于女权问题、活动和事件的主要资源。该网站拥有大约2000名会员,主要面向“任何认为自己是‘女权主义者’的人”。“著名的Facebook女权主义学者……
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引用次数: 0
Contemporary Illuminations: Reading Donne's "A Nocturnall upon S. Lucies Day through Three Twenty-First-Century Poems 当代启示:从三首21世纪的诗歌中解读多恩的《露西之夜》
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/itx.2023.a907252
Theresa M. Dipasquale
Contemporary IlluminationsReading Donne's "A Nocturnall upon S. Lucies Day through Three Twenty-First-Century Poems Theresa M. Dipasquale In his contribution to the 2017 volume John Donne and Contemporary Poetry, edited by Judith Scherer Herz, Jonathan F. S. Post explores "a nearly endless landscape of comparisons and contrasts" that unfolds between Stephen Edgar's 2008 poem "Nocturnal" and Donne's "A nocturnall upon S. Lucies day, Being the shortest day."1 Post's essay illuminates what Calvin Bedient, in the same volume, calls the "great glacier-gloom" of Donne's "Nocturnall," its devastated "solemnity."2 In doing so, Post renders largely moot many questions that have preoccupied critics of Donne's poem: whether or how this poem reflects Donne's experience; whether the woman lamented by the speaker is a fiction or a historical person lamented by the poet; and if the latter, whether the poem mourns the 1617 death of John Donne's wife, Anne More Donne; the 1627 death of Donne's patroness Lucy, Countess of Bedford; or the Countess' near-fatal illness in 1612–13.3 These biographical and historical questions are not without value, but they draw the critic's attention away from more compelling questions regarding the "I" of the poem—a persona who claims not to be a person at all, but an inscription, a grave, "A quintessence" derived or "expresse[d]/ . . . even from nothingnesse."4 In this article, I widen and intensify the pool of light cast on Donne's "Nocturnall" by Post's presentist and intertextual analysis of Edgar's poem, examining three of the many other twenty-first-century poems that tap into Donne's poem, allude to it, quote it, adopt its structure, or respond to the anguish it expresses.5 Each of the three I discuss is [End Page 1] luminous in its own right but also a potent critical response to Donne's five-stanza poem. Each teaches something different about Donne's lyric. The poets whose work I consider—Liz Lochhead, Jay Wright, and Meena Alexander—all address twenty-first-century concerns; they grapple with questions and sorrows beyond the scope of Donne's conscious imagining yet latent in his poem. Each picks up where critics leave off when they "assume," as Alison R. Rieke notes, "that the speaker . . . is a husband or lover, possibly Donne, who experiences grief upon his wife's or mistress' death."6 Each takes up the challenge that Donne's persona issues when it denies that it is either "a man" (30) or any other living thing. In the first stanza of "A Nocturnall upon S. Lucies Day," this anti-persona observes that "all" other things around it are "Dead and enterr'd" and "yet" that "all these seeme to laugh, / Compar'd with mee, who am their Epitaph" (8–9). If it is an incised text rather than a human being, the poem's "mee" can no more speak than laugh; it is as silent as the grave it marks or as the dead flesh interred there. Indeed, it goes on to claim that it is "every dead thing" and that love's alchemical "art" has "expresse[d] /
在2017年由朱迪思·谢勒·赫兹编辑的《约翰·多恩与当代诗歌》一书中,乔纳森·f·s·波斯特探索了斯蒂芬·埃德加2008年的诗歌《夜行》和多恩的《露西日的夜行,是最短的一天》之间“几乎无穷无尽的比较和对比”。波斯特的文章阐释了加尔文·贝迪恩特(Calvin Bedient)在同一卷书中所说的多恩的《夜曲》(nightturnall)中“巨大的冰川忧郁”,以及它被摧毁的“庄严”。在这样做的过程中,波斯特在很大程度上提出了许多问题,这些问题一直困扰着多恩这首诗的批评者:这首诗是否或如何反映了多恩的经历;讲话者所悲叹的女人是虚构的还是诗人所悲叹的历史人物;如果是后者,这首诗是否哀悼1617年约翰·多恩的妻子安妮·莫尔·多恩;1627年多恩的女保护人贝德福德伯爵夫人露西之死;这些传记和历史问题并非没有价值,但它们把评论家的注意力从关于诗歌的“我”的更引人注目的问题上引开了——一个声称根本不是一个人的人,而是一个铭文,一个坟墓,“一个精华”衍生或“表达……”甚至从无到有。4在这篇文章中,我通过波斯特对埃德加诗歌的现世主义和互文分析,扩大和加强了对多恩的《夜之夜》的研究,考察了21世纪许多其他诗歌中的三首,这些诗歌利用了多恩的诗歌,暗指它,引用它,采用它的结构,或者回应它所表达的痛苦我所讨论的三首诗中的每一首都有自己的长处,但同时也是对多恩的五节诗的有力回应。每个人都能从多恩的歌词中学到不同的东西。我所考虑的诗人的作品——丽兹·洛克黑德、杰伊·赖特和米娜·亚历山大——都是针对21世纪的问题;他们与问题和悲伤作斗争,这些问题和悲伤超出了多恩有意识想象的范围,但却潜藏在他的诗中。正如艾莉森·r·里克(Alison R. Rieke)所指出的那样,每个人都继承了批评者“假设”的地方,“演讲者……是一个丈夫或情人,可能是多恩,他在妻子或情妇去世后经历了悲伤。当多恩否认自己是“一个人”或任何其他生物时,每个人都接受了多恩角色所带来的挑战。在《露西节的夜曲》的第一节中,这个反角色观察到周围的“所有”其他事物都是“死亡和进入”和“然而”,“所有这些似乎都在笑,/与我相比,我是他们的墓志铭”(8-9)。如果它是一段文字而不是一个人,诗中的“mee”既不能说话也不能笑;它就像它所标记的坟墓或埋葬在那里的死人一样寂静。事实上,它继续声称它是“每一个死的东西”,爱的炼金术“艺术”已经“表达了一种精华”,甚至从这一团无生命的物体中,这种“虚无”(12,14 - 15)。挣扎着定义其反本质的本质,它宣称自己是一个大规模的埋葬地点:“我,爱林贝克,是坟墓/所有的,那什么都不是”(21-22)。墓志铭,死去的东西,虚无,坟墓:所有这些都是沉默的。然而,在多恩的诗中,他们极力主张自己不存在;他们有一种自相矛盾的自我感觉。在第一节最后一行的“compare’d with mee”之后,读者在这首诗的45行诗中又遇到了16个第一人称单数的例子:“my”出现了一次,“mee”出现了5次,“I”出现了11次。而“我”则向读者发出了一个指令:在第二节的开头一行命令道:“那么,你这爱我的人,研究我吧。”但是那些服从这个命令的人,让自己成为诗中铭刻的虚无的学生,发现自己在诗的最后一节被解雇了。坚持认为它的“太阳”永远不会“更新……
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引用次数: 0
The Names Alive Are Like the Names in Graves: Black Life and Black Social Death in Terrance Hayes's American Sonnets for My Past and Future Assassin 活着的名字就像坟墓里的名字:特伦斯·海斯为《我过去的刺客》和《未来的刺客》创作的美国十四行诗中的黑人生活和黑人社会死亡
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/itx.2023.a907254
Lee Spinks
The Names Alive Are Like the Names in GravesBlack Life and Black Social Death in Terrance Hayes's American Sonnets for My Past and Future Assassin Lee Spinks "After blackness was invented / people began seeing ghosts."1 One of the most powerful and provoking responses to the political rise of Donald Trump appeared with the 2018 publication of Terrance Hayes's American Sonnets for My Past and Future Assassin. Hayes began writing these poems straight after Trump's remarkable triumph in the 2016 presidential election, and they race to keep pace with the rapidly metastasizing effects of the Trump phenomenon, from his relentless radicalization of the modes and mores of political speech ("Newshounds ponder the tweets of a bullhorn"), his continuous assault on American democratic institutions, and his singular success in marshalling a newly cohesive political constituency seduced by the reactionary allure of resurgent white nationalism or what Hayes caustically calls "a mandate for whiteness, virility, sovereignty / stupidity" (AS: 38).2 As the phrase "mandate for whiteness" suggests, integral to the story of Trump's ascendancy in American Sonnets is another story, a story about race and social authority in the time of Black Lives Matter when blackness remains "the color of this country's current threat / advisory" (AS: 10). At home and abroad the appalling incandescence of Hayes's contemporary American political moment is reflected by the names of its black victims, names like Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, Tamir Rice, and, perhaps most explosively of all, George Floyd, whose May 2020 police killing on a Minneapolis street reprised such a familiar configuration of racial power that Hayes had already glimpsed its spectral outline two years earlier: "A [End Page 60] brother has to know how to time travel & doctor / himself when a knee or shoe stalls against his neck" (AS: 77).3 Without compromising the intensity of Hayes's focus on this contemporary social emergency, I want in what follows to expand our sense of the historical and metaphysical scene of his writing by reading it as an imaginative response to a larger and more fundamental question: What does it mean to live a black life in an antiblack world? I'm moved to do so by the double register of his writing vividly exemplified by the penultimate sonnet in the sequence which memorializes "All the black people I'm tired of losing / All the dead from parts of Florida, Ferguson / Brooklyn, Charleston, Cleveland, Chicago / Baltimore, where the names alive are / Like the names in graves" (AS: 81). What's remarkable, to my mind at least, about the phrase "the names alive are / like the names in graves" is its fusion of a directly contemporary perception of the precariousness of black existence within a culture of white supremacy (the perception that every black life could share the social fate of Tamir Rice at any particular moment) with an encompassing metaphysical vision of blackness as the embodiment o
活着的名字就像坟墓里的名字特伦斯·海斯为我的过去和未来所作的美国十四行诗中的黑人生活和黑人社会死亡刺客李·斯宾克斯“在黑暗被发明之后/人们开始看到鬼魂。”对于唐纳德·特朗普的政治崛起,最有力、最具挑衅性的回应之一出现在2018年特伦斯·海斯为我过去和未来的刺客所写的《美国十四行诗》中。在特朗普在2016年总统大选中取得显著胜利后,海斯就开始写这些诗,他们竞相跟上特朗普现象迅速扩散的影响,从他对政治言论模式和道德的无情激进化(“新闻猎犬在思考扩音喇叭的推文”),到他对美国民主制度的持续攻击,以及他独特的成功,他在白人民族主义复兴的反动诱惑下,或者被海耶斯尖刻地称为“白人、男子气概、主权/愚蠢的授权”(AS: 38)的诱惑下,组织了一个新的凝聚力政治选区正如短语“对白人的授权”所暗示的那样,特朗普在美国十四行诗中占据优势的故事不可或缺的是另一个故事,一个关于黑人生命也重要时代种族和社会权威的故事,而黑人仍然是“这个国家当前威胁/建议的颜色”(As: 10)。在国内外,海耶斯所处的当代美国政治时刻令人震惊的炽热反映在黑人受害者的名字上,比如特雷万·马丁(Trayvon Martin)、迈克尔·布朗(Michael Brown)、塔米尔·赖斯(Tamir Rice),也许最具爆炸作用的是乔治·弗洛伊德(George Floyd),他在2020年5月在明尼阿波利斯街头被警察杀害,这再次重演了一种熟悉的种族权力结构,海耶斯两年前就已经瞥见了它的幽灵轮廓:“当膝盖或鞋子卡住脖子时,一个兄弟必须知道如何时间旅行和医生/自己”(AS: 77)在不影响海耶斯对当代社会紧急状况的强烈关注的情况下,我想在接下来的内容中扩大我们对他作品中历史和形而上学场景的理解,把它作为对一个更大、更基本的问题的富有想象力的回应来解读:在一个反黑人的世界里过黑人的生活意味着什么?我被他写作的双重记录所感动,生动地体现在倒数第二首十四行诗中,这首诗纪念“所有我厌倦失去的黑人/所有来自佛罗里达,弗格森/布鲁克林,查尔斯顿,克利夫兰,芝加哥/巴尔的摩部分地区的死者,活着的名字/就像坟墓里的名字”(AS: 81)。至少在我看来,“活着的名字/就像坟墓里的名字”这句话的非凡之处在于,它融合了一种直接的当代观念,即在白人至上的文化中,黑人存在的不稳定性(这种观念认为,在任何特定时刻,每个黑人的生活都可能与塔米尔·赖斯(Tamir Rice)的社会命运相同),以及一种将黑人视为社会死亡的化身和奴隶制继续存在的形而上学视野。密切关注海斯的几首诗,我将追溯这种双重记录来探索他在美国十四行诗中思想的一些核心思想包括反黑人在组织黑人和白人身份的美国现实中的基本作用,反黑人和白人至上的力比多经济之间的辩证关系,以及想象新的生活可能性的希望,这种可能性能够与当代社会存在的反黑人条件相抗衡在此过程中,我将特别强调海斯对一种独特的辩证和对话式诗歌风格的发展,这种风格将抒情主体性重新想象为一种种族戏剧,关注黑人社会死亡与白人至上文化之间的关系黑人的社会死亡和白人的力比多经济在继续之前,让我简要地阐述一下上面的三个观点,它们有助于塑造我对美国十四行诗的阅读:社会死亡的社会生活,奴隶制继续存在的来世,以及海斯在我的题词中所说的“黑人的发明”。第一个借鉴了激进的非洲悲观主义者奥兰多·帕特森的著名观点,他将奴隶制重新描述为社会死亡,将奴隶视为“社会非人”,他们与…
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引用次数: 0
Bilingual Aesthetics: A New Sentimental Education by Doris Sommer (review) 双语美学:多丽丝·索默的一种新的情感教育(书评)
Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1353/itx.2006.0005
B. Hernández
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引用次数: 0
The (In)significance: “What the age might call sodomy” and Homosexuality in Certain Studies of Shakespeare’s Plays 意义:“这个时代可能称之为鸡奸”和莎士比亚戏剧的某些研究中的同性恋
Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1353/itx.2004.0003
Joseph Pequigney
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引用次数: 0
Autobiographical Criticism 自传的批评
Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1353/itx.2006.0015
Amy K. Kaminsky
{"title":"Autobiographical Criticism","authors":"Amy K. Kaminsky","doi":"10.1353/itx.2006.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/itx.2006.0015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33860,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Intertexts","volume":"17 1","pages":"103 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82522755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Political Meta-Allegory in El Divino Narciso by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1353/itx.1997.0018
Verónica Grossi
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引用次数: 0
Filles Perdues? French Narrative in Search of the Maternal 女孩看不见的?寻找母性的法国叙事
Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1353/itx.2001.0010
J. D. De Pree
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引用次数: 0
Josefina Niggli, Mexican American Writer: A Critical Biography by Elizabeth Coonrod Martínez (review) 约瑟芬娜·尼格利,墨西哥裔美国作家:伊丽莎白·库恩罗德评论传记Martínez(书评)
Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1215/00029831-80-1-194-c
H. Salazar
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Cultural Intertexts
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