Interval data may appear in perturbed problems or when measured quanties are subject to error. Small errors in data also occur because of roundoff. We have used interval analysis to bound data values and their arithmetic solutions. An algorithm that uses the interval quadratic and Newton methods to enclose minimum values is used in a least-squares objective function. As a result, appropriate bounds for the coefficient of a regression model have been obtained. An example from cardiology in Billard and Diday (2000) is illustrated.
{"title":"A MINIMIZATION METHOD FOR COMPUTING PARAMETER BOUNDS IN AN INTERVAL VALUED LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL USING INTERVAL ANALYSIS","authors":"R. Mwangi, H. Imai, Yoshiharu Sato","doi":"10.5183/JJSCS1988.17.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5183/JJSCS1988.17.21","url":null,"abstract":"Interval data may appear in perturbed problems or when measured quanties are subject to error. Small errors in data also occur because of roundoff. We have used interval analysis to bound data values and their arithmetic solutions. An algorithm that uses the interval quadratic and Newton methods to enclose minimum values is used in a least-squares objective function. As a result, appropriate bounds for the coefficient of a regression model have been obtained. An example from cardiology in Billard and Diday (2000) is illustrated.","PeriodicalId":338719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Computational Statistics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128829090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is important first to grasp the current environmental conditions of information education in the classroom, and in addition, to grasp the current degree of the knowledge that teachers possess about information education and information ethics education. Questionnaires were collected from 456 schools and 10,637 teachers. The original data and a summary of the survey on "Information ethics education in Japan" are printed in JSCS memorial DVD. Here, this survey will be introduced.
{"title":"SURVEY DATA AND SOME FACTS OF INFORMATION ETHICS EDUCATION IN JAPAN","authors":"T. Shohōji, M. Ochi, M. Tsuboi, Yoshiko Hosoba","doi":"10.5183/JJSCS1988.16.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5183/JJSCS1988.16.63","url":null,"abstract":"It is important first to grasp the current environmental conditions of information education in the classroom, and in addition, to grasp the current degree of the knowledge that teachers possess about information education and information ethics education. Questionnaires were collected from 456 schools and 10,637 teachers. The original data and a summary of the survey on \"Information ethics education in Japan\" are printed in JSCS memorial DVD. Here, this survey will be introduced.","PeriodicalId":338719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Computational Statistics","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133317968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SIMULTANEOUS DIAGNOSTIC METHODS FOR THE DOUBLE POWER-NORMAL TRANSFORMATION MODEL","authors":"M. Goto, T. Hamasaki","doi":"10.5183/JJSCS1988.16.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5183/JJSCS1988.16.39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Computational Statistics","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133399006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pharmacokinetics is the study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabolization, and excretion in the human body. Actually, because we cannot monitor the kinetics of a drug in the human body directly, we observe the serial drug concentration in blood sampled from an individual who received the drug. In practice, intending to describe this time course in the observed drug concentration, we often use a compartment model. In this paper, we focus on nonlinearity of the compartment model and propose the design criterion, MSEQ-Dopt, for the purpose of selecting the optimal sampling times of the blood drug concentration data. This criterion minimizes the determinant of the mean squared error for the estimates of the parameters in the compartment model. In several numerical examples, the properties of the MSEQ-Dopt are evaluated. Furthermore, we assume a situation in which we fit the compartment model to the blood drug concentration data that are sampled at the times selected by the MSEQ-Dopt and the typical optimal design criterion, Dopt, and evaluate the performance of their criteria for the estimation of the parameters in the compartment model. The MSEQ-Dopt can select the sampling times flexibly and provide more precise estimates of the parameters, compared with the Dopt.
{"title":"OPTIMUM DESIGN OF SAMPLING TIMES FOR INFERENCE OF COMPARTMENT MODELS BASED ON CURVATURE","authors":"T. Daimon, M. Goto","doi":"10.5183/JJSCS1988.16.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5183/JJSCS1988.16.23","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmacokinetics is the study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabolization, and excretion in the human body. Actually, because we cannot monitor the kinetics of a drug in the human body directly, we observe the serial drug concentration in blood sampled from an individual who received the drug. In practice, intending to describe this time course in the observed drug concentration, we often use a compartment model. In this paper, we focus on nonlinearity of the compartment model and propose the design criterion, MSEQ-Dopt, for the purpose of selecting the optimal sampling times of the blood drug concentration data. This criterion minimizes the determinant of the mean squared error for the estimates of the parameters in the compartment model. In several numerical examples, the properties of the MSEQ-Dopt are evaluated. Furthermore, we assume a situation in which we fit the compartment model to the blood drug concentration data that are sampled at the times selected by the MSEQ-Dopt and the typical optimal design criterion, Dopt, and evaluate the performance of their criteria for the estimation of the parameters in the compartment model. The MSEQ-Dopt can select the sampling times flexibly and provide more precise estimates of the parameters, compared with the Dopt.","PeriodicalId":338719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Computational Statistics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127130016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we study tests of two hypotheses on the distance between two populations with mixed variables, where some are categorical and the others are continuous. This distance is the extended Mahalanobis squared distance on the location model. Asymptotic probability distributions of the test statistics under the hypotheses are introduced, and the performances of the tests are investigated through simulation methods. As a result of all simulations, we recommend that the two hypotheses tests have to be used together to improve each other's weaknesses.
{"title":"TESTS OF HYPOTHESES FOR THE DISTANCE BETWEEN POPULATIONS ON THE MIXTURE OF CATEGORICAL AND CONTINUOUS VARIABLES","authors":"H. Nakanishi","doi":"10.5183/JJSCS1988.16.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5183/JJSCS1988.16.53","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study tests of two hypotheses on the distance between two populations with mixed variables, where some are categorical and the others are continuous. This distance is the extended Mahalanobis squared distance on the location model. Asymptotic probability distributions of the test statistics under the hypotheses are introduced, and the performances of the tests are investigated through simulation methods. As a result of all simulations, we recommend that the two hypotheses tests have to be used together to improve each other's weaknesses.","PeriodicalId":338719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Computational Statistics","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128058011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two-sample problems of estimating p × p scale matrices are investigated under elliptically contoured distributions. Two loss functions are employed; one is sum of Stein’s loss functions of one-sample problem of estimating a normal covariance matrix and the other is a quadratic loss function for Σ2Σ −1 1 , where Σ1 and Σ2 are p × p scale matrices of elliptically contoured distribution models. It is shown that improvement of the estimators obtained under the normality assumption remains robust under elliptically contoured distribution models. A Monte Carlo study is also conducted to evaluate the risk performances of the improved estimators under three elliptically contoured distributions.
{"title":"SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF SCALE MATRICES IN TWO-SAMPLE PROBLEM UNDER ELLIPTICALLY CONTOURED DISTRIBUTIONS","authors":"Hisayuki Tsukuma, Yoshihiko Konno","doi":"10.5183/JJSCS1988.16.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5183/JJSCS1988.16.1","url":null,"abstract":"Two-sample problems of estimating p × p scale matrices are investigated under elliptically contoured distributions. Two loss functions are employed; one is sum of Stein’s loss functions of one-sample problem of estimating a normal covariance matrix and the other is a quadratic loss function for Σ2Σ −1 1 , where Σ1 and Σ2 are p × p scale matrices of elliptically contoured distribution models. It is shown that improvement of the estimators obtained under the normality assumption remains robust under elliptically contoured distribution models. A Monte Carlo study is also conducted to evaluate the risk performances of the improved estimators under three elliptically contoured distributions.","PeriodicalId":338719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Computational Statistics","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131391634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-01DOI: 10.5183/JJSCS1988.15.2_27
B. W. Brown, J. Halpern
{"title":"SAMPLE SIZES OF CLINICAL TRIALS: FOR SCIENCE AND DECISION MAKING","authors":"B. W. Brown, J. Halpern","doi":"10.5183/JJSCS1988.15.2_27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5183/JJSCS1988.15.2_27","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Computational Statistics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129410612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-01DOI: 10.5183/JJSCS1988.15.2_15
W. Fung
{"title":"STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF FORENSIC DNA: COMPUTATIONAL PROBLEMS SOLVED AND TO BE SOLVED","authors":"W. Fung","doi":"10.5183/JJSCS1988.15.2_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5183/JJSCS1988.15.2_15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Computational Statistics","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128422486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"STATISTICAL INFERENCES OF GROUPED DATA COMBINED WITH UNGROUPED DATA FROM THE POWER-NORMAL DISTRIBUTION","authors":"T. Hamasaki, M. Goto","doi":"10.5183/JJSCS1988.15.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5183/JJSCS1988.15.33","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Computational Statistics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116817450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LIKELIHOOD RATIO TEST FOR MEAN VECTOR WITH SPECIFIED DIRECTION BASED ON CONDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION","authors":"T. Imada, H. Douke","doi":"10.5183/JJSCS1988.15.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5183/JJSCS1988.15.53","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Computational Statistics","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130452917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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