Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.4.336.346
S. Naz, M. A. Anjum, S. Akhtar, S. Naqvi, M. Zulfiqar
M of agricultural lands especially near urban areas are irrigated by city or municipal waste water due to insufficient availability of fresh water, undemanding accessibility and discarding problems of waste water. Waste water is recognized markedly to add heavy metals into soils (Mapanda et al., 2005; Ahmad et al., 2015; Khan et al., 2016). Heavy metals are injurious to humans and animals due to their solubility in water, non-biodegradable nature and their potential to build up in various body parts. These are even toxic and detrimental to humans at very low concentrations as there is no proper route for their removal from the body.
由于淡水供应不足、可及性不高以及废水被丢弃的问题，大部分农业用地，特别是靠近城市地区的农业用地，都是由城市或市政废水灌溉的。废水被认为显著地向土壤中添加重金属(Mapanda等人，2005;Ahmad et al.， 2015;Khan et al.， 2016)。重金属对人类和动物有害，因为它们在水中的溶解度，不可生物降解的性质，以及它们在身体各个部位积聚的潜力。在非常低的浓度下，它们甚至对人体有毒和有害，因为没有适当的途径将它们从体内清除。
{"title":"Effect of Different Irrigation Sources on Proximate Composition and Heavy Metals Uptake in Some Selected Vegetables","authors":"S. Naz, M. A. Anjum, S. Akhtar, S. Naqvi, M. Zulfiqar","doi":"10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.4.336.346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.4.336.346","url":null,"abstract":"M of agricultural lands especially near urban areas are irrigated by city or municipal waste water due to insufficient availability of fresh water, undemanding accessibility and discarding problems of waste water. Waste water is recognized markedly to add heavy metals into soils (Mapanda et al., 2005; Ahmad et al., 2015; Khan et al., 2016). Heavy metals are injurious to humans and animals due to their solubility in water, non-biodegradable nature and their potential to build up in various body parts. These are even toxic and detrimental to humans at very low concentrations as there is no proper route for their removal from the body.","PeriodicalId":338801,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"17 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117154220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.4.300.305
A. Khan, Suliman Shah, M. Zaman, Komal Habib
{"title":"Management of Asian Citrus Psyllids, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, The Direct and Vector Pest of Citrus Via Synthetic Insecticides in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"A. Khan, Suliman Shah, M. Zaman, Komal Habib","doi":"10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.4.300.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.4.300.305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338801,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125438471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.4.291.299
M. Ishfaq, N. Akbar, I. Khan, S. Anjum, Usman Zulfiqar, Muhammad Ahmad, Mumtaz Ahmad, M. U. Chattha
{"title":"Optimizing Row Spacing for Direct Seeded Aerobic Rice under Dry and Moist Fields","authors":"M. Ishfaq, N. Akbar, I. Khan, S. Anjum, Usman Zulfiqar, Muhammad Ahmad, Mumtaz Ahmad, M. U. Chattha","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.4.291.299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.4.291.299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338801,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132478641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.4.323.331
Madiha Naz, Q. Khan, M. Khan, O. Sayal, Asim Afridi, A. Sayal
{"title":"Impact of Foliar NPK and NAA Blended with Organic Material on Tomato Yield Attributes and Properties of Soil","authors":"Madiha Naz, Q. Khan, M. Khan, O. Sayal, Asim Afridi, A. Sayal","doi":"10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.4.323.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.4.323.331","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338801,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123970323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.4.306.312
Muhammad F. Jan, A. Khan, Waqas Liaqat, Haseeb Ahmad, M. D. Ahmadzai, Wazir Rehan
{"title":"Response of Phenology, Growth and Productivity of Maize Hybrids to Integrated Potassium Management","authors":"Muhammad F. Jan, A. Khan, Waqas Liaqat, Haseeb Ahmad, M. D. Ahmadzai, Wazir Rehan","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.4.306.312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.4.306.312","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338801,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124497077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.3.259.263
Muhammad Sajid Mahmood, M. Ashraf, I. Ahmad, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar, Sohail Latif, M. Sarwar, W. Ahmad
M (Vigna radiata L.) is an important summer pulse crop and provides easily digestible proteins (Nazir, 1994). Weeds are a major problem in rainfed mungbean. Weeds can reduce yield of mungbean upto 67% as compared to weed free conditions (Yadav and Singh, 2005). The herbicide use for weed control is expensive and continuous use of herbicides has created problems of weed resistance and environmental pollution (Shahid et al., 2006) and can also affect the quality of many crops (Nazarko et al., 2003). Use of Allelopathic properties of crop residue for weed control is a natural and an environment-friendly practice that can decrease our reliance on synthetic herbicides (Minorsky, 2002).
M (Vigna radiata L.)是重要的夏季脉冲作物，提供易于消化的蛋白质(Nazir, 1994)。杂草是雨养绿豆的主要问题。与无杂草条件相比，杂草可使绿豆减产高达67% (Yadav和Singh, 2005)。用于控制杂草的除草剂价格昂贵，而且持续使用除草剂造成了杂草抗性和环境污染问题(Shahid等人，2006年)，还会影响许多作物的质量(Nazarko等人，2003年)。利用作物残留物的化感作用特性来控制杂草是一种自然和环保的做法，可以减少我们对合成除草剂的依赖(Minorsky, 2002)。
{"title":"Use of Barley Residue Water Extract Combined with Pendimethalin Herbicide for Weed Control in Mungbean","authors":"Muhammad Sajid Mahmood, M. Ashraf, I. Ahmad, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar, Sohail Latif, M. Sarwar, W. Ahmad","doi":"10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.3.259.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.3.259.263","url":null,"abstract":"M (Vigna radiata L.) is an important summer pulse crop and provides easily digestible proteins (Nazir, 1994). Weeds are a major problem in rainfed mungbean. Weeds can reduce yield of mungbean upto 67% as compared to weed free conditions (Yadav and Singh, 2005). The herbicide use for weed control is expensive and continuous use of herbicides has created problems of weed resistance and environmental pollution (Shahid et al., 2006) and can also affect the quality of many crops (Nazarko et al., 2003). Use of Allelopathic properties of crop residue for weed control is a natural and an environment-friendly practice that can decrease our reliance on synthetic herbicides (Minorsky, 2002).","PeriodicalId":338801,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117158910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.3.279.284
G. Abbas, K. Akhtar, M. Ahsan, M. Asghar, F. Ahmad, M. Rizwan
M (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is an excellent source of protein and an important short duration grain legume crop in humid and sub-humid climate of the world (Akhtar et al., 2011). Different metabolic processes occurring in a plant culminate in the final product, i.e., yield. Any disruption/disturbance in one or more of such processes caused due to biotic and abiotic stresses faced by the plant may reduce the actual yield, and due to these stresses, the average yield of mungbean is low. Among these stresses, diseases are the major causes of low yield (Malik and Bashir, 1992). The severity of various stresses is largely due to varying weather conditions that prevail throughout the year and may extend to next coming years, thus, lowering yield of pulses at farmer’s field and keeping it below the potential yield/economic level. The low yielding cultivars and susceptibility to diseases particularly to YMD transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) are the major constraints causing low seed yield. YMD, caused by mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) is very devastating in Pakistan especially in the summer season Abstract | Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) caused by mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) is an important constraint of mungbean during the summer season in Pakistan. The use of resistant varieties is the only way to reduce the losses caused by YMD. Resistant sources had already been reported in mungbean, but no such information seems to be available for mung × mash interspecific recombinants. In this study, 72 mung × mash interspecific recombinant genotypes and a susceptible mungbean variety Mung Kabuli were screened against Yellow Mosaic Disease (YMD) using disease severity ratings by visual scoring of symptoms to calculate percent disease index (PDI). Tested recombinants responded differently to the disease. None of the tested genotypes was found to be disease free (field immune). However, combined data showed that 43 genotypes were highly resistant with 1.18 to 10 PDI while 29 were resistant with 10.24 to 24.85 PDI. Mung Kabuli (positive control) showed susceptible response with PDI value of 60 %. Thus 43 highly resistant genotypes proved to be a good source of resistance to YMD despite high disease pressure and can, therefore, be used directly as varieties to manage the disease after evaluation for acceptable agronomic characteristics, adaptation, and stability in various regions or can be used as a resistant source in further breeding programs. Ghulam Abbas1, Khalid Pervez Akhtar1, Muhammad Ahsan2, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1, Fiaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Rizwan3*
M (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)是世界湿润和半湿润气候下极好的蛋白质来源和重要的短季粒豆科作物(Akhtar et al.， 2011)。植物中发生的不同代谢过程最终产生最终产物，即产量。由于植物所面临的生物和非生物胁迫导致的一个或多个此类过程的中断/干扰可能会降低实际产量，并且由于这些胁迫，绿豆的平均产量很低。在这些压力中，疾病是低产量的主要原因(Malik和Bashir, 1992年)。各种压力的严重程度主要是由于全年天气条件的变化，并可能延续到明年，从而降低了农民田间豆类的产量，使其低于潜在产量/经济水平。低产量的品种和对病害的易感性，特别是对烟粉虱传播的YMD的易感性是造成种子产量低的主要制约因素。摘要|绿豆黄花叶印度病毒(MYMIV)引起的黄花叶病(YMD)是巴基斯坦夏季绿豆的重要制约因素。使用抗性品种是减少YMD造成的损失的唯一途径。在绿豆中已经报道了抗性来源，但在绿豆-麦芽杂交种间重组中似乎没有这样的信息。本研究采用症状视觉评分法对黄花病(YMD)进行疾病严重程度评分，计算疾病百分率指数(PDI)，筛选了72种绿×豆粕种间重组基因型和一个易感绿豆品种“绿卡布力”(munkabuli)。经过测试的重组体对这种疾病的反应不同。检测的基因型均未发现无病(田间免疫)。然而，综合数据显示，43个基因型在1.18 ~ 10 PDI范围内呈高耐药，29个基因型在10.24 ~ 24.85 PDI范围内呈耐药。阳性对照munkabuli呈敏感反应，PDI值为60%。因此，43个高抗性基因型被证明是抗YMD的良好来源，尽管疾病压力很大，因此，在评估了可接受的农艺特性、适应性和稳定性后，可以直接用作品种来管理疾病，或者可以用作进一步育种计划的抗性来源。Ghulam Abbas1, Khalid Pervez Akhtar1, Muhammad Ahsan2, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1, Fiaz Ahmad1和Muhammad Rizwan3*
{"title":"Field Screening of Mungbean × Mashbean Inter-Specific Recombinant Genotypes Against Yellow Mosaic Disease (YMD)","authors":"G. Abbas, K. Akhtar, M. Ahsan, M. Asghar, F. Ahmad, M. Rizwan","doi":"10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.3.279.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/JOURNAL.PJAR/2018/31.3.279.284","url":null,"abstract":"M (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is an excellent source of protein and an important short duration grain legume crop in humid and sub-humid climate of the world (Akhtar et al., 2011). Different metabolic processes occurring in a plant culminate in the final product, i.e., yield. Any disruption/disturbance in one or more of such processes caused due to biotic and abiotic stresses faced by the plant may reduce the actual yield, and due to these stresses, the average yield of mungbean is low. Among these stresses, diseases are the major causes of low yield (Malik and Bashir, 1992). The severity of various stresses is largely due to varying weather conditions that prevail throughout the year and may extend to next coming years, thus, lowering yield of pulses at farmer’s field and keeping it below the potential yield/economic level. The low yielding cultivars and susceptibility to diseases particularly to YMD transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) are the major constraints causing low seed yield. YMD, caused by mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) is very devastating in Pakistan especially in the summer season Abstract | Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) caused by mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) is an important constraint of mungbean during the summer season in Pakistan. The use of resistant varieties is the only way to reduce the losses caused by YMD. Resistant sources had already been reported in mungbean, but no such information seems to be available for mung × mash interspecific recombinants. In this study, 72 mung × mash interspecific recombinant genotypes and a susceptible mungbean variety Mung Kabuli were screened against Yellow Mosaic Disease (YMD) using disease severity ratings by visual scoring of symptoms to calculate percent disease index (PDI). Tested recombinants responded differently to the disease. None of the tested genotypes was found to be disease free (field immune). However, combined data showed that 43 genotypes were highly resistant with 1.18 to 10 PDI while 29 were resistant with 10.24 to 24.85 PDI. Mung Kabuli (positive control) showed susceptible response with PDI value of 60 %. Thus 43 highly resistant genotypes proved to be a good source of resistance to YMD despite high disease pressure and can, therefore, be used directly as varieties to manage the disease after evaluation for acceptable agronomic characteristics, adaptation, and stability in various regions or can be used as a resistant source in further breeding programs. Ghulam Abbas1, Khalid Pervez Akhtar1, Muhammad Ahsan2, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1, Fiaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Rizwan3*","PeriodicalId":338801,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130516995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.3.246.253
Abdul Haroon Hullio, A. G. Lanjar, Abdul Rahman Dhuyo, Imran Khattri, A. M. Ahmed
{"title":"Thriving Situation of White Backed Planthopper (Sogatella furcifera H.) in Sindh Province Pakistan","authors":"Abdul Haroon Hullio, A. G. Lanjar, Abdul Rahman Dhuyo, Imran Khattri, A. M. Ahmed","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.3.246.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.3.246.253","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338801,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124558376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.3.274.278
S. Siddiqui, G. H. Abro, T. S. Syed, A. S. Buriro
{"title":"Influence of Trap Crops on Management of Insect Pests by Exploitation of Heteropteran Predatory Bugs in Cotton","authors":"S. Siddiqui, G. H. Abro, T. S. Syed, A. S. Buriro","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.3.274.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjar/2018/31.3.274.278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":338801,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134113759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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