Pub Date : 1990-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1990.111048
R. Hamdani, Z. Zarif
A review is presented of the more significant aspects and characteristics of the gearless drive (GD), also called wrap-around. Comparisons are also made between the GD and the twin AC as well as twin DC drives. Data pertinent to investment costs are presented. Operating costs and operating experience with the drives are given. Operation availability, the various weak aspects of different mill drives, maintenance and production costs and production experience are briefly touched on.<>
{"title":"20 years operating experience with gearless drives","authors":"R. Hamdani, Z. Zarif","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1990.111048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1990.111048","url":null,"abstract":"A review is presented of the more significant aspects and characteristics of the gearless drive (GD), also called wrap-around. Comparisons are also made between the GD and the twin AC as well as twin DC drives. Data pertinent to investment costs are presented. Operating costs and operating experience with the drives are given. Operation availability, the various weak aspects of different mill drives, maintenance and production costs and production experience are briefly touched on.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":339195,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technical Conference on cement Industry","volume":"35 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117278540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1990.111052
C. R. Metzgar
An examination is made of the steps that should be taken to investigate serious injury accidents, property damage accidents and incidents with no injury or damage. The techniques for obtaining accident data from employees and witnesses are outlined along with methods to secure the physical evidence. The author discusses how to use a spread sheet to aid in the investigation of an accident.<>
{"title":"Don't waste an accident","authors":"C. R. Metzgar","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1990.111052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1990.111052","url":null,"abstract":"An examination is made of the steps that should be taken to investigate serious injury accidents, property damage accidents and incidents with no injury or damage. The techniques for obtaining accident data from employees and witnesses are outlined along with methods to secure the physical evidence. The author discusses how to use a spread sheet to aid in the investigation of an accident.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":339195,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technical Conference on cement Industry","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124013035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1990.111054
H. Haunschmid
The preparation of process gases for continuous analysis to suit the particular requirements of cement producers is addressed. Experiments eventually led to the development of the LOMAS (low maintenance analyzing system) system for continuous gas tapping, treatment, and analysis for high-temperature processes. The system consists of four main components: (1) two gas tapping probes which continuously extract gas from the kiln, (2) one gas treatment chamber where the measuring gas is prepared for analysis, (3) an analysis chamber where the cleaned gas is analysed, and (4) a control cabinet which contains a freely programmable control unit as well as the voltage distribution for the system. Characteristics and system advantages are outlined. It is shown that this system meets the expectations and needs of its users.<>
{"title":"Continuous gas tapping, gas treatment and gas analysis in cement kilns with all its advantages for process control and plant safety","authors":"H. Haunschmid","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1990.111054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1990.111054","url":null,"abstract":"The preparation of process gases for continuous analysis to suit the particular requirements of cement producers is addressed. Experiments eventually led to the development of the LOMAS (low maintenance analyzing system) system for continuous gas tapping, treatment, and analysis for high-temperature processes. The system consists of four main components: (1) two gas tapping probes which continuously extract gas from the kiln, (2) one gas treatment chamber where the measuring gas is prepared for analysis, (3) an analysis chamber where the cleaned gas is analysed, and (4) a control cabinet which contains a freely programmable control unit as well as the voltage distribution for the system. Characteristics and system advantages are outlined. It is shown that this system meets the expectations and needs of its users.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":339195,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technical Conference on cement Industry","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128938615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1990.111047
D. A. Fenton, F. Toffoli
A cement mill sustained a 42' shear fracture due to a combination of flexural shear and torsional shear. The large fracture of the shell was accompanied by a 5' circumferential crack in the meehanite casting. The shell fracture was successfully repaired using preheat and mechanical bracing. Full thermal stress relief in situ was achieved. The structure was shimmed to achieve good alignment for the drive. The casting was repaired using mechanical fasteners. Strain gauge tests were performed to evaluate the magnitude of torsional shear stress during start-up and steady state running conditions. The strain gauges monitored the clutch engagement time, with the peak stresses measured in the drive shaft. The downtime was 10 weeks.<>
{"title":"Fracture of 13'X42' cement mill and its repair, and strain gauge testing of the drive","authors":"D. A. Fenton, F. Toffoli","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1990.111047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1990.111047","url":null,"abstract":"A cement mill sustained a 42' shear fracture due to a combination of flexural shear and torsional shear. The large fracture of the shell was accompanied by a 5' circumferential crack in the meehanite casting. The shell fracture was successfully repaired using preheat and mechanical bracing. Full thermal stress relief in situ was achieved. The structure was shimmed to achieve good alignment for the drive. The casting was repaired using mechanical fasteners. Strain gauge tests were performed to evaluate the magnitude of torsional shear stress during start-up and steady state running conditions. The strain gauges monitored the clutch engagement time, with the peak stresses measured in the drive shaft. The downtime was 10 weeks.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":339195,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technical Conference on cement Industry","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130580623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1990.111060
T. Tamashige, H. Obana, M. Hamaguchi
Attempts to adapt roller mills to finish grinding have failed because two problems that occur in grinding hard materials such as cement clinker with roller mills have never been overcome. One is vibration and the other is particle size distribution of products. A technology has been developed to overcome these problems. To illustrate this technology operational results under various conditions are given. The influence of air flow rate on particle size distribution and compressive forces is examined. Product quality is also discussed.<>
{"title":"Operational results of OK series roller mill","authors":"T. Tamashige, H. Obana, M. Hamaguchi","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1990.111060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1990.111060","url":null,"abstract":"Attempts to adapt roller mills to finish grinding have failed because two problems that occur in grinding hard materials such as cement clinker with roller mills have never been overcome. One is vibration and the other is particle size distribution of products. A technology has been developed to overcome these problems. To illustrate this technology operational results under various conditions are given. The influence of air flow rate on particle size distribution and compressive forces is examined. Product quality is also discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":339195,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technical Conference on cement Industry","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128995240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1990.111063
T. Lang
Three cases of preheater/precalciner modifications covering a production capacity ranging from 1500 to 4500 mt/d for plants in France, Canada and the USA are described. The first example deals with the addition of an RSP type furnace to an existing PREPOL-AT precalciner for capacity enhancement and improvement of circulating elements behavior within the kiln. The second covers the replacement of an ACL grate preheater by a one-stage PREPOL-AS calciner enabling low alkali clinker production from high alkali, high sulfur, high kerogen raw materials in an environmentally sound manner. The third example shows the replacement of two underdimensioned Fuller-SF-calciners of a two-string preheater kiln by one large FLS type SLC-S precalciner in connection with the installation of a 10-50% capacity range bypass system. All three kiln conversions have been basically successful and able to meet the expectations almost entirely. However, since they came onstream a comparatively short while ago, some optimization and fine tuning work still has to be completed.<>
{"title":"Modifying existing preheater systems for improved productivity and efficiency (cement industry)","authors":"T. Lang","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1990.111063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1990.111063","url":null,"abstract":"Three cases of preheater/precalciner modifications covering a production capacity ranging from 1500 to 4500 mt/d for plants in France, Canada and the USA are described. The first example deals with the addition of an RSP type furnace to an existing PREPOL-AT precalciner for capacity enhancement and improvement of circulating elements behavior within the kiln. The second covers the replacement of an ACL grate preheater by a one-stage PREPOL-AS calciner enabling low alkali clinker production from high alkali, high sulfur, high kerogen raw materials in an environmentally sound manner. The third example shows the replacement of two underdimensioned Fuller-SF-calciners of a two-string preheater kiln by one large FLS type SLC-S precalciner in connection with the installation of a 10-50% capacity range bypass system. All three kiln conversions have been basically successful and able to meet the expectations almost entirely. However, since they came onstream a comparatively short while ago, some optimization and fine tuning work still has to be completed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":339195,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technical Conference on cement Industry","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115464025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1990.111066
P. B. Nielsen, O. L. Jepsen
The authors identify SO/sub 2/ and NO/sub x/ emission levels of various kiln systems and explain the reasons for the variations ascertained. Various recent methods of reducing SO/sub 2/ and NO/sub x/ emission from cement kiln systems are outlined. SO/sub 2/ emission monitoring and regulations are outlined briefly and a comparison is made of SO/sub 2/ emissions from various kiln types. The kilns discussed include: wet-process kilns, long dry-process kilns, preheater kilns, and precalciner kilns. Methods for reducing SO/sub 2/ emissions are discussed. The formation of nitrogen oxide in kilns is also discussed. Finally, techniques for reducing NO/sub x/ emissions are examined.<>
{"title":"An overview of the formation of SO/sub x/ and NO/sub x/ in various pyroprocessing systems","authors":"P. B. Nielsen, O. L. Jepsen","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1990.111066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1990.111066","url":null,"abstract":"The authors identify SO/sub 2/ and NO/sub x/ emission levels of various kiln systems and explain the reasons for the variations ascertained. Various recent methods of reducing SO/sub 2/ and NO/sub x/ emission from cement kiln systems are outlined. SO/sub 2/ emission monitoring and regulations are outlined briefly and a comparison is made of SO/sub 2/ emissions from various kiln types. The kilns discussed include: wet-process kilns, long dry-process kilns, preheater kilns, and precalciner kilns. Methods for reducing SO/sub 2/ emissions are discussed. The formation of nitrogen oxide in kilns is also discussed. Finally, techniques for reducing NO/sub x/ emissions are examined.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":339195,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technical Conference on cement Industry","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133904475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1990.111057
J. Kemmerer
A kiln scanning system and its components are described. The displays that are part of a scanning system are also outlined and briefly discussed. While not directly related to the online temperature measurements, the refractory database is a significant feature that improves the overall functionality of the system. The database stores data related to the refractory installation and performance. This data can then be recalled and related to shell temperatures observed by the scanner. It is shown that a kiln scanner, combined with a consciously maintained refractory database, can be an extremely effective tool in helping plant operations personnel make informed decisions that will help minimize crisis situations and help maximize plant production and profitability.<>
{"title":"Refractory management with a high speed kiln shell scanner","authors":"J. Kemmerer","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1990.111057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1990.111057","url":null,"abstract":"A kiln scanning system and its components are described. The displays that are part of a scanning system are also outlined and briefly discussed. While not directly related to the online temperature measurements, the refractory database is a significant feature that improves the overall functionality of the system. The database stores data related to the refractory installation and performance. This data can then be recalled and related to shell temperatures observed by the scanner. It is shown that a kiln scanner, combined with a consciously maintained refractory database, can be an extremely effective tool in helping plant operations personnel make informed decisions that will help minimize crisis situations and help maximize plant production and profitability.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":339195,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technical Conference on cement Industry","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129329504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1990.111061
F. J. P. Leme, T. Neto
Various improvements made to the dry process unit of a Brazilian cement plant are discussed. Details are presented for each of the five modification stages. In each case the results are briefly assessed and costs given.<>
{"title":"Improvement on the dry process unit: Matozinhos plant-C.N.C.P.-M.G-Brazil","authors":"F. J. P. Leme, T. Neto","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1990.111061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1990.111061","url":null,"abstract":"Various improvements made to the dry process unit of a Brazilian cement plant are discussed. Details are presented for each of the five modification stages. In each case the results are briefly assessed and costs given.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":339195,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technical Conference on cement Industry","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129382519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-05-22DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1990.111045
W. J. Lukitsch
A review of solid-state energy savers with power factor correction capacitors is presented. Tabular data pertinent to motor loss savings and qualifying motors for possible application of energy savers is included. Also presented is a compiler input and output format. Power factor capacitor ratings, solid-state energy savers and power factor capacitors are briefly discussed.<>
{"title":"Solid state energy savers for motors in the cement industry","authors":"W. J. Lukitsch","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1990.111045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1990.111045","url":null,"abstract":"A review of solid-state energy savers with power factor correction capacitors is presented. Tabular data pertinent to motor loss savings and qualifying motors for possible application of energy savers is included. Also presented is a compiler input and output format. Power factor capacitor ratings, solid-state energy savers and power factor capacitors are briefly discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":339195,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Technical Conference on cement Industry","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116833420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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